You might imagine that any humans before the early modern age were "dumb unwashed god fearing peasents" but the truth is that humans were always really smart and a lot of innovation was done throughout the ages. The examples of it being things such as aqueduct and roman plumbing (which brought in hot water to bathing houses) . The ancient Persians figured out how to make ice, in a desert environment! A Greek inventor figured out steam power over a thousand years ago before the industrial revolution (though he didn't see how steam power could be used and saw it as a mere novelty use) Another Greek philosopher also theorised, that if you cut an object in half, and then kept cutting that object in half you would end up with a tiny object that you could no longer divide, and that tiny object was the base for all things on earth. In other words he just theorised the existence of atoms! What I'm trying to get at is that humans were always really smart, and media or poor history texts make it seem like it was the opposite.
@@Fred_Klingon It's not "the media" it's special interests and who they control. Maybe it's media outlets, corporations, parts of governments, religious organizations, etc. Now more than ever you must attempt to be literate and attempt to be reasonably skeptical of *anyone* claiming authority, not only by what they call themselves or say, but also by what they actually do. Look up "Manufacturing Consent", and consider why a certain political party called themselves "national socialists" while killing all of the socialists.
Well, from 1300 to 1700 the republic of venice was one of the most powerful in the world (except for the plague periods) until napoleon came and fu**ed everything up
Fun fact: they used to pump too much water from those wells, with the result that Venice was slowly sinking ("subsiding"), which manifested as sea-level rise. That was a significant problem, because Venice is very, very low lying. About forty years ago they curtailed the excess water pumping, and the subsidence decreased.
It was also due to the stilts upon which it was constructed was deteriorating. There was an article 2013 where a marine biology student solved the problem with... toothpaste. They found and isolated a coral that consumed fluoride and used organic engineering to reinforce the underwater supports but growing coral over it.
@@ncdave4life Venice and my hometown used to have the distinction of being the only two cities with their local government on an island until our historic floods of 2008.
@@Diabolical-TyrantAnother good example of stubbornness would be Versailles. They turned a wetlands hunting lodge into a garden and palace. There was not enough of a water supply to fill all the fountains and ponds, so a worker would constantly be redirecting the water to whichever section of the gardens the King happened to be in.
It’s easy to forget that human beings have been as intelligent (some evidence for MORE intelligent) as we are today for at least 40,000 years. Take away all of our modern technology and think about how you would solve a similar problem in their position. Indigenous people the world over know about and practice water catchment. It’s entirely reasonable that Venicians centuries ago would simply apply the same concept on a much larger scale. “Guys, guys, I was thinking… how about we make a water catchment but like, guys, guys, hear me out, but it’s like the ENTIRE town square? Think about it. Like it’ll be a clay pot but like a giant clay pot as deep as we can dig and then we fill it with sand so weeds don’t grow and then in the middle we just have a well like normal.” “Shut up Steve I’m sick of your stupid ideas” “No I think Steve is onto something with this one.”
This is why if someone starts talking about people from the past like they were stupid, you show them stuff like this. In my opinion, they were WAY smarter than us.
They weren't dumber or smarter. Only difference between us is we have more information and better tools. People back then would be just as capable of making microprocessors given the same tools and information. And just like any point in time, you have a few really smart people and then everybody else.
I think the main difference between now for the people at least in countries like America and the more developed Nations you got less people that use their brains to really come up with solutions because a lot of people will just use to the government or somebody else to do it for them so they don't really even try to learn new things let alone be creative unless it's a waste of time like in something and media or somethin@@skylarkesselring6075
Revelation 3:20 Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me. HEY THERE 🤗 JESUS IS CALLING YOU TODAY. Turn away from your sins, confess, forsake them and live the victorious life. God bless. Revelation 22:12-14 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
such a good job that they build on a shit land that sinks and will be unhabitale soon without spending a lot of taxpayer money for a very small portion of population
@@JesusPlsSaveMeMatthew 6:5 ““And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full.”
I really like this. Very civil and thoughtful. I’ve seen so many engineering feats explained by my husband who is using his gi bill to go to school for engineering.
Venice was a world power equal to spain and britain before colonialism happened, a single region was competing with entire empires, to say venetians were capable is an understatement, even now the italian economy is held up in good part by venice's region.
Since a well is a necessity for living, someone dirtying the water in a well or damaging it would be severely punished, like if you tainted the water in a water tower today that would be a serious crime.@@strategistaow3520
@@DuBstep115 yeah most filters don't. You need to disinfect it with iodine or something. But the populus gets used to the bacteria in their water after some time.
@@tielmaster7879 and then to think there were those people who would actually go and poison the wells… Wild. I think Solzhenitsyn and Dostoevsky mentioned them.
Can we just talk about how well the animations were made? Perfect visual representation for understanding everything Edit: wow, god forbid one mentioning/complimenting a secondary thing on something already incredible, some people go full hate mode for it. Interesting. This is how it must be for public figures/politicians. Never can please everyone.. good day yall
Idk, I think the medieval island rainwater thing is still far more impressive. Computer programmers are a dime a dozen. The guy from Venice who came up with that shit was the smartest guy he ever met in his entire life.
Venice doesn’t fit the description of Atlantis Plato gave, and the way Venice is now didn’t begin construction till the 7th century, so it’s nowhere near as old as Atlantis is supposed to be. The ancient Greeks were talking about Atlantis being missing in their time, so it’s definitely not Venice.
@@mumblezz__5890 To quote the go-to info site, Wikipedia, "Many of the proposed sites share some of the characteristics of the Atlantis story (water, catastrophic end, relevant time period), but none has been demonstrated to be a true historical Atlantis."
@@--Traveler-- there is no jealousy at all. Nice attempt at trolling though. If you actually are not a child, or mentally disabled, I find it pitiful that you also believe this is the most creative solution to any problem you’ve ever seen. Wake up to reality.
Venice just had insane levels of engineering, they even had the first factory in the world. The Venetian Arsenal started production around 1104, and at its peak, it could produce a fully-fitted war galley in 1-2 days.
The forge works were called the getto (JET-to), & in Venetian dialect: GET-to. A Jewish Quarter was mandated adjacent to there and that's the origin of the word Ghetto.
*first factory driven by interest. There were many early assembly-line systems driven by forced labor, especially in ancient China ~200BCE Edit: mistyped 200BCE as 400BCE
It definitely a great built but not genius. Every year these places are flooded because the construction lacks a drainage pipe. The Italians make the best of it however and sit on theses places with water up to their knees and enjoying their coffee and pastries 🙂
and another interesting fact about Venice (IT): the whole city is built on wooden poles, but since they feared that sea water could make the poles rott they covered them in clay, but not any normal clay a compost of high quality pottery clay, vulcanic clay and lime rich clay, this compost made the poles impervious to water and air, and they got to build the city on top of them. BUT the real important part is that after many year of pressure, air sealed space and without humidity, now those wooden pole are almost done fossilizing and they are just like stone, so it's the first ever exemple of human made fossils, a city build on stone wood poles
@MacNifty dude, what in "preasure" and "airtight environment" did you not understand? It's one thing to preasure some usual tree trunks and completely different with imaginary giant cratures. Math not mathing😅
I learned something new about Venice in seconds, perfectly explained and animated. And I've been fascinated by Venice all my life. Thanks and nice job!
Look up the study done on Noahs ark. Korean university modeled it and found it could withstand up to 50 meter high waves before capsizing. Tsunami waves are around 20 meters high.
@@AbimelethMedrano The full saying is "Rome wasn't built in a day but it burned in one." People shorten it to mean something about patience, but it's more about how much easier it is to destroy than create.
@@lnlyby_yt it's funny you should say that after watching this video. Whatever I said has gone so far over your head it's a bit sad you totally missed out.
I was in Venice earlier this year and it was simply amazing to see the homes and businesses along the water. This video explains how Venice came to be. TY😊
When we have history class, I wish they would provide videos and interactive information to make the subject more understandable. Textbooks can be difficult to follow, but animated or live videos could really help students engage with the material.
@@TheOtherKine Textbooks are absolutely necessary, but they can be painfully dense, especially if it's not a subject you're already passionate about. Speaking as someone who successfully learned calculus, physics, and chemistry through independent study. Because it was something I was passionate about. But I didn't become passionate about school until I was 28. You need good teachers to pull the words off the page, to get kids excited to learn these things.
@@TheFiddleFaddle Mate, I read Crime & Punishment, most of Shakespeare, all of Camus, Sartre, Fitzgerald and a whole slew of others in high school all before Uni . If you hadn't memorised exact quotes from them you failed A-levels, and I had to remember Sartre and Camus IN FRENCH ffs.
@@viniciusmenezes9538 BCE* "christ" never existed. Before "christ", in other words before abrahamism, the World was an amazing place; hence the so-called wonders, which were not wonders back then but were normal, usual things. It is since abrahamism, and for my part of the World christianity specifically, that idiocy and wonder entered for shock and awe, and "faith" instead of KNOWLEDGE. The Ancient Romans were about as advanced as we were back in the Atomic Age - and the Ancient Romans were... well... in ancient times. Education and media lies to us and tries to make us BELIEVE things, instead of helping us to KNOW things. As you say, engineering certainly isn't modern at all. Before "christ", or Before the Common Era, people were in tune with Nature and Science; since abrahamism, and thanks to christianity, in the dark ages we had about 1000 years of no scientific advancement, and knowledge was destroyed or corrupted, and "faith" was enforced. That explains a lot. We're relearning Nature and Science. We're cancelling abrahamism. We're retaking the Planet that is rightly ours. Nonsense like "faith" is being replaced with the eternal Nature and Science and Knowledge.
@@RPCDebateForum-FreeForums-Netthey dont you gotta be supper smart how do you think we improved without geniuses 😂😂they were smarter back then than the idiots wr have today
There are 600 remaining wells, none functional because fresh water is now piped from the mainland. But when they were the primary source of fresh water there used to be over 7000 wells! Furthermore, when the Venetian Republic was at its peak population in the 1600s it built a canal 13.5 km long and 1 m wide on the mainland bringing fresh water to the coast near Venice. Many boats would load up with water and bring it to the city to fill up the wells.
@@TM-tx9ctnot sure about polluted, like sewage or industrial pollution, but it is a swamp, i mean a shallow lagoon with the river filling it. But smelly absolutely, can confirm as i felt it, but that's normal, here on our side of the coast on the island of hvar, in stari grad town, there are canals, not many but some canals going deep into the town, probably made for transporting the building material or perhaps maybe they had a boat yard away from the shore, can't say, never asked what exactly it is, and the town was founded by the greek colonists from pharos before the rome was a thing, anyways the sea is crystal clear, but it has a smell, the sea is not water, the sea is a living organism, and stagnant sea that can't circulate becomes to smell, or stink naturally, where ever you have the sea that can't circulate, like ponds after the storm in stone cavities, it will start to stink after the first sun, it's judt a nature of the sea.
What they didnt tell you was that venice is built on wood logs that where chiseled into the hard clay. This sounds irrelevant but the wells often dug far too deep and dug into the hard clay. As time went by the clay began to slowly seep into the wells make the logs that made Venice’s foundation sink. Building wells in Venice is now strictly prohibited.
I'm surprised I've never heard of this before because I live in the american midwest but mostly because this could be utilized in so many places clean water is an issue today
Decision makers in emerging countries are too busy sending their families to developed countries and sending money to banks overseas... They and their posse live well and couldn't care less about the rest of population. I know it's because I've seen the first hand.
Meanwhile corrupt politicians and the corrupt rich are saying that this stuff is expensive while making one of the most unsustainable stuff like highways, skyscrapers, and suburbs.
It's definitely a great built but not genius. Every year these places are flooded because the construction lacks a drainage pipe. The Italians make the best of it however and sit on theses places with water up to their knees and enjoying their coffee and pastries 🙂
Interesting that a people capable of these feats would not also have a reputation for automotive engineering excellence to rival that which Germany used to have. There are the exotics like Ferrari and Lamborghini of course, but on the whole, Italian automobiles are typically suspect.
@SillyPuddy2012 Most people dont realize Italy's made up of several different previous kingdoms/countries, so the mindset prevalent in one area doesn't always translate to another place. Go to Venice or Modena, then visit Naples, where I lived for 3 years, and you'll see what I mean. It's alot more of a cultural swing than you'll see in the U.S.
When the europeans did it in Medieval times, the Mayas and Incas were already collecting rain water and directing it toward the center of the villages to be used by the people.
Seriously, people act as if ancient people were too stupid or incapable of performing such feats, and would much rather have a simplified and boring answer of aliens having done everything for humans.
It benefits many to pretend our ancestors were stupid Gives people ideas to reject modernity. The managerial class that rules holds no legitimacy for ruling other than convincing us without them we’d revert to mud huts
Not so medieval - the bulk of our drinkable water is surface water that percolates through sand filters/basins. Another great Venetian innovation was the production line - yes, Henry Ford-type production line. For centuries, Venice was not only a major European power, but the pre-eminent shipbuilder through their development of a production line - the Arsenale - for building ships upon which her military and economic survival depended. She was an early adopter of standardization whereby ships were built to established standards as opposed to almost the previous practice of ship building guilds that built ships one-at-a-time.
Wow! I live in Verona, very close to Venice and I know the city quite well. I always wondered why there are so many wells almost in each square, even the smallest.
When these naturally occur, its called an artesian well, although its an area usually miles across minimum made of a permeable material like sand and rock, surrounded by clay deposits. Comes out of a low area like a spring tap.
It's definitely a great built but not genius. Every year these places are flooded because the construction lacks a drainage pipe. The Italians make the best of it however and sit on theses places with water up to their knees and enjoying their coffee and pastries 🙂
It became one of the most if not the most defendable cities of its time, by sea, there were only three access points, all heavily defended (lido and punta sabbioni are full of fortresses) and by land, well its an island
@@Daihatsu_HijetWho are the barbarians you are referring to? The Ottoman-Venetian wars, the possible Mongol contribution to the black death plague, or Napoleon who defeated the Venetian republic?
From what I know remember about Venice's founding. Going back to land wasn't exactly a great idea at the time. Political issues. + Land rights. + There was already some people living out in the lagoon. So merchant groups formed up and basically got the rights to the area for cheap. A place with less taxes and access to the sea. Great for trade. Especially since many fleets would need to sail up the whole Adriatic to get to the place. Could they have left sure. But there was profit to be made. + Merchants follow the money.
The drinking water in my hometown is very similar, water gets pumped out on a deep sand bank and after 3 years the water have passed the sand filtration and gets collected. The sand beams is natural from a old river.
The fact that these people did this without calculators, internet, reference photos... They just rawdogged an entire filter for 600 wells in the middle of a massive city surrounded by saltwater canals. I can't help but marvel at the ingenuity and skill of these architects, engineers and builders of bygone times.
if this was needed to be done today, our "goverment" would pay some rich asshole to bring dirty water from the fucking moon or somewhere more expensive and charge us ten times its value.
Back in 2000 my mum, sis & I toured Paris, Rome, Florence, Prato, & Venice. They were all beautiful but Venice was the most amazing, incredible place: The terracotta roofs, the doors tall enough for a horse & rider to go through; the canals & the Gondoliers; the cafes & restaurants & all the different islands! Unbelievable!
The city floods every year? It's like the Philippines. For days they live on the second floor only. Also the floods have fecal matter as the canals are the sewers
@@suzannemangino5892They fail to mention. The canal ways for gondola boats is the city sewers. Every night the tide goes out and takes all the crap out to the ocean. Then in the morning fresh salt water comes in again. City floods yearly and must live on the second floor only!
Should be done here in Mexico City, we're pumping underground water that isn't being replenished, causing the city to sink, 25% of the water supply is brought in from other valleys having to pump water over the mountains and then after used mixed with rainwater and dumped with a great underground tunnel to eventually the gulf of Mexico, not without causing trouble in the way.
We miss Italian builders here in Australia.if we still had them,we would have houses that wouldn’t fall down and wouldn’t have a housing shortage problem.they take the upmost pride in their work.
@BenjaminSkidmore-op1oj They dump human waste into the canals for the ocean to take even the smallest drop of water from the canals of Venice can make you sick
Dag-Nabit! Hans Wormhat, is that you!? Go away! The earth isn't a hubcap! Time is Not speeding up. Buildings of stone aren't melting into the ground like candle wax. And Penguins and Zebras are real!
Whoever animated this give them a raise
Agreed!! 😅
And I will also take one too
....out of the water.
because Venice is sinking :o
Good point im glad you pointed that out
Thank you. I tried my best 😂
It's amazing how this is the first time I'm hearing of this genius engineering.
You might imagine that any humans before the early modern age were "dumb unwashed god fearing peasents" but the truth is that humans were always really smart and a lot of innovation was done throughout the ages. The examples of it being things such as aqueduct and roman plumbing (which brought in hot water to bathing houses) . The ancient Persians figured out how to make ice, in a desert environment!
A Greek inventor figured out steam power over a thousand years ago before the industrial revolution (though he didn't see how steam power could be used and saw it as a mere novelty use)
Another Greek philosopher also theorised, that if you cut an object in half, and then kept cutting that object in half you would end up with a tiny object that you could no longer divide, and that tiny object was the base for all things on earth. In other words he just theorised the existence of atoms!
What I'm trying to get at is that humans were always really smart, and media or poor history texts make it seem like it was the opposite.
@@RandomGuy-mw5mwyou're right, and I'm worried they're doing that even on the living population.
TO EVERYONE IN THIS CHAT, I JUST WANT TO LET YOU KNOW THAT JESUS LOVES YOU AND HE CAN SAVE YOU FROM SIN, SADNESS AND SICKNESS.
@@Fred_Klingon It's not "the media" it's special interests and who they control. Maybe it's media outlets, corporations, parts of governments, religious organizations, etc. Now more than ever you must attempt to be literate and attempt to be reasonably skeptical of *anyone* claiming authority, not only by what they call themselves or say, but also by what they actually do. Look up "Manufacturing Consent", and consider why a certain political party called themselves "national socialists" while killing all of the socialists.
@@RandomGuy-mw5mw you CAN divide atoms though...
No wonder people in the past acted like Venice was a world wonder. What an amazing piece of engineering.
@@jancarlosmanon4556 *a g e n d a*
It still is
@@jancarlosmanon4556Are you mistaking the Tribes With Medieval Times?
they're just now catching up in Dubai lol
Well, from 1300 to 1700 the republic of venice was one of the most powerful in the world (except for the plague periods) until napoleon came and fu**ed everything up
Fun fact: they used to pump too much water from those wells, with the result that Venice was slowly sinking ("subsiding"), which manifested as sea-level rise. That was a significant problem, because Venice is very, very low lying. About forty years ago they curtailed the excess water pumping, and the subsidence decreased.
This is related to pumping water from the aquifer beneath Venice, not the well described in this video
It was also due to the stilts upon which it was constructed was deteriorating. There was an article 2013 where a marine biology student solved the problem with... toothpaste. They found and isolated a coral that consumed fluoride and used organic engineering to reinforce the underwater supports but growing coral over it.
I Guess youre joking...even if i dont find this joke so funny..!
Just incredible engineering ❤
@@ncdave4life Venice and my hometown used to have the distinction of being the only two cities with their local government on an island until our historic floods of 2008.
Those Italians were absolutely determined to build a city in that location
they have that minecraft energy
You spelled aliens wrong
Can you blame them? The access to the sea made them one of the greatest and richest maritime republics
I wonder what the origins of the city are and why it was built there
They were their own republic when they built this.
"you cant live here, there's no water to drink and no usable land"
"Dont tell me what to do"
Amazing what people will do to not get slaughtered by horse people lol.
that's how it resonates with McNamorrow.
"We can't drink the ground water here."
"Can we drink the sky water though?"
*[Civil Engineering Noises]*
@@bobbyjones5377 Who are the horse people?
@@terenarosa4790The Mongrels maybe?
Every time I learn something about Venice I'm astonished by their genius.
stubborn people trying to make a tough living situation work is a great motivator for good engineering
@@Diabolical-TyrantAnother good example of stubbornness would be Versailles. They turned a wetlands hunting lodge into a garden and palace. There was not enough of a water supply to fill all the fountains and ponds, so a worker would constantly be redirecting the water to whichever section of the gardens the King happened to be in.
@@Diabolical-Tyrant Necessity is the mother of invention.
It’s easy to forget that human beings have been as intelligent (some evidence for MORE intelligent) as we are today for at least 40,000 years. Take away all of our modern technology and think about how you would solve a similar problem in their position. Indigenous people the world over know about and practice water catchment. It’s entirely reasonable that Venicians centuries ago would simply apply the same concept on a much larger scale.
“Guys, guys, I was thinking… how about we make a water catchment but like, guys, guys, hear me out, but it’s like the ENTIRE town square? Think about it. Like it’ll be a clay pot but like a giant clay pot as deep as we can dig and then we fill it with sand so weeds don’t grow and then in the middle we just have a well like normal.”
“Shut up Steve I’m sick of your stupid ideas”
“No I think Steve is onto something with this one.”
@@elbowstrike 👌
This is why if someone starts talking about people from the past like they were stupid, you show them stuff like this. In my opinion, they were WAY smarter than us.
They weren't dumber or smarter. Only difference between us is we have more information and better tools. People back then would be just as capable of making microprocessors given the same tools and information.
And just like any point in time, you have a few really smart people and then everybody else.
@@skylarkesselring6075 difference is no one is driven now days, they have little reason to innovate.
I think the main difference between now for the people at least in countries like America and the more developed Nations you got less people that use their brains to really come up with solutions because a lot of people will just use to the government or somebody else to do it for them so they don't really even try to learn new things let alone be creative unless it's a waste of time like in something and media or somethin@@skylarkesselring6075
Smarter people were always smarter but just limited by their times
@@twistedfate62
Are we not still creating all sorts of new technologies?
They built their own island, and they built their own ground water from scratch. They did a great job.
Revelation 3:20
Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.
HEY THERE 🤗 JESUS IS CALLING YOU TODAY. Turn away from your sins, confess, forsake them and live the victorious life. God bless.
Revelation 22:12-14
And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.
I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.
Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
such a good job that they build on a shit land that sinks and will be unhabitale soon without spending a lot of taxpayer money for a very small portion of population
@@JesusPlsSaveMeMatthew 6:5 ““And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full.”
They build their own well. No one can make water magically, lmao.
@@scottishcheese13 Perfect comeback!
This is some of the most brilliant educational animation I've ever seen
YES!
Indeed
A I ............👍😅
I really like this. Very civil and thoughtful. I’ve seen so many engineering feats explained by my husband who is using his gi bill to go to school for engineering.
You guys are so low to impress... Didn't your school books have similar diagrams? Ancient cultures used similar solutions everywhere
If every concept was explained with animation like this I would be a genius by now
Lmao
do you always blam your stupidity on everyone who ever thought you something
Heck yeah
that's what the internet was supposed to be for... (mainly)
Now imagine the fact that someone thought this up without ever seeing a stickman, nevermind animation like this 😭😭
The beauty of design is brilliantly elegant. Now I want to visit Venice more than ever.
History Channel: probably aliens
I'm feel guilty for liking this😂
More like conspiracy tiktoker 😅
@@adventurer3288 "or is it all just an elaborate hoax" lol
Ugh, whatever happened to the History channel being educational?
They should be forced to change the name, at the very least!
@@averycheesypotatoboomers, boomers is what happened.
Literally never heard of this. Overcome and adapt or fail. This is genuine. People who came up with this needs more recognition. Smart people
Well because its only half the Truth
Thr Video Starts with Salt water but this Filter is only a rain water filter
@@Dr.Dimension I'm going to look into it like. Intresting.
Venice was a world power equal to spain and britain before colonialism happened, a single region was competing with entire empires, to say venetians were capable is an understatement, even now the italian economy is held up in good part by venice's region.
@@Dr.Dimension nobody had salt water filters
@PeachDragon_ that's awesome. Give me something to do on the weekend 😁
It was a serious offence with harsh punishment for polluting a well
As it should be.
What do you mean?
Since a well is a necessity for living, someone dirtying the water in a well or damaging it would be severely punished, like if you tainted the water in a water tower today that would be a serious crime.@@strategistaow3520
@@strategistaow3520it means don't pee on the water
@@jimmythe-gent?
People are so damn smart through every single age in history.
That's actually genius.
Good old fungus + seagull poop water. That sand ain't filtering bacteria
@@DuBstep115 yeah most filters don't. You need to disinfect it with iodine or something. But the populus gets used to the bacteria in their water after some time.
@@DuBstep115just boil it
@@tielmaster7879 and then to think there were those people who would actually go and poison the wells… Wild. I think Solzhenitsyn and Dostoevsky mentioned them.
@@DuBstep115bro this is the middle age.
Can we just talk about how well the animations were made? Perfect visual representation for understanding everything
Edit: wow, god forbid one mentioning/complimenting a secondary thing on something already incredible, some people go full hate mode for it. Interesting. This is how it must be for public figures/politicians. Never can please everyone.. good day yall
It looks like every other documentary style graphic.
Idk, I think the medieval island rainwater thing is still far more impressive. Computer programmers are a dime a dozen.
The guy from Venice who came up with that shit was the smartest guy he ever met in his entire life.
It was indeed well done.
@@skeeterfinklage445Definitely a knowledgeable person.
Well indeed.
Saving this just incase I ever need to make a Venice
😂
You won't do it by yourself. We're talking cooperazione. Just as important as the technical engineering. 😊
My man..😅😅
@@MarianDouglasUngaronot AS important
that time i reincarnated as a venice lord😊
Venice was probably atlantis and we’re all trying to find it when it’s literally right in front of our faces
Would anything surprise us!!
Venice doesn’t fit the description of Atlantis Plato gave, and the way Venice is now didn’t begin construction till the 7th century, so it’s nowhere near as old as Atlantis is supposed to be. The ancient Greeks were talking about Atlantis being missing in their time, so it’s definitely not Venice.
No
Atlantis was found look it up.
@@mumblezz__5890 To quote the go-to info site, Wikipedia, "Many of the proposed sites share some of the characteristics of the Atlantis story (water, catastrophic end, relevant time period), but none has been demonstrated to be a true historical Atlantis."
Wow, that's the most creative solution to a problem I've ever seen
You have got to be joking, right?
@@prokeyavaimausa9412 someone's jealous of the ingenuity of Europeans.
95% of the modern world inventions btw ;)
stay jealous.
@@--Traveler-- there is no jealousy at all. Nice attempt at trolling though. If you actually are not a child, or mentally disabled, I find it pitiful that you also believe this is the most creative solution to any problem you’ve ever seen. Wake up to reality.
@@--Traveler-- немо́й тра́хнуть
@@--Traveler--lol you know they broke the city when they did that right. Which is now why is is sinking so fast. Lol but sure keep the pride going.
Venice just had insane levels of engineering, they even had the first factory in the world. The Venetian Arsenal started production around 1104, and at its peak, it could produce a fully-fitted war galley in 1-2 days.
It's cause they used a sort of early assembly-line system with interchangeable parts different teams of workers would work on
The forge works were called the getto (JET-to), & in Venetian dialect: GET-to. A Jewish Quarter was mandated adjacent to there and that's the origin of the word Ghetto.
*first factory driven by interest. There were many early assembly-line systems driven by forced labor, especially in ancient China ~200BCE
Edit: mistyped 200BCE as 400BCE
@@hcrdfju4954with early assembly lines? With interchangable parts? Or purely human labor?
@@josephm.benoit9202 Based
People really don't give enough credit to people from the past, this Idea is straight up genius.
It was literally used all over the world
It's only Americans who are completely disconnected from self-sustaining aquaculture
It definitely a great built but not genius.
Every year these places are flooded because the construction lacks a drainage pipe.
The Italians make the best of it however and sit on theses places with water up to their knees and enjoying their coffee and pastries 🙂
No they get plenty of credit, people are just idiots now a days
hell some nutjobs believe that aliens built the pyramids.
I agree. Idiocy spreadsheet easily in this day of internet apps. People don't credit Egytians for engineering their monuments but attribute to aliens.
These people who create this was such a legend,❤
and another interesting fact about Venice (IT):
the whole city is built on wooden poles, but since they feared that sea water could make the poles rott they covered them in clay, but not any normal clay a compost of high quality pottery clay, vulcanic clay and lime rich clay, this compost made the poles impervious to water and air, and they got to build the city on top of them. BUT the real important part is that after many year of pressure, air sealed space and without humidity, now those wooden pole are almost done fossilizing and they are just like stone, so it's the first ever exemple of human made fossils, a city build on stone wood poles
That is crazy, what a fun fact!
Thank you for this knowledge!
@MacNiftyno, not in fact proof of that at all lol there’s so much wrong with that insane extrapolation it’s actually hard to pick where to start
@MacNifty dude, what in "preasure" and "airtight environment" did you not understand? It's one thing to preasure some usual tree trunks and completely different with imaginary giant cratures. Math not mathing😅
That is simplified to the extent of being wrong, unfortunately.
I learned something new about Venice in seconds, perfectly explained and animated. And I've been fascinated by Venice all my life. Thanks and nice job!
Same from me
My problem is he says they couldn't drink the water because it was too salty, and then never addressed that problem.
@@danielclark612rain water is fresh water and the fresh water is also filtered by the sand and stone
As a civil engineer it's baffling how advanced our past was
👽
Our forefathers were not idiots as most believed, as we built upon their shoulders, so too did they with their predecessors.
It was important for our high population density civilizations
Maybe we should vervist the gerneral idea
Look up the study done on Noahs ark. Korean university modeled it and found it could withstand up to 50 meter high waves before capsizing. Tsunami waves are around 20 meters high.
Human ingenuity takes me by surprise every time.
*White ingenuity
@@W.M.Pitt1reform profile picture and a racist? The most unsurprising thing on this planet.
Man’s ability to engineer our survival is amazing
Well said sir 👏🏾 👍🏽
In some places, anyway. Lol
Some men. Some are still stuck in earlier ages
My thoughts exactly
Also feminists
@@dingoduster
"Venice wasn’t built in a day...."
Neither was Rome.
This should be the actual cliche
i hope they find a way to prevent flooding
They could have but they didn't want to pay for overtime. 😂
@@AbimelethMedrano The full saying is "Rome wasn't built in a day but it burned in one." People shorten it to mean something about patience, but it's more about how much easier it is to destroy than create.
Old times public works
Advanced techniques our "advanced" sciences can't manage to figure out how to do today.
@@CD-vb9fi do what?
@@CD-vb9fiyes, we want to live on Mars but we can’t fix easy problems on earth XD if only people would cooperate together not fight
@@lnlyby_yt it's funny you should say that after watching this video. Whatever I said has gone so far over your head it's a bit sad you totally missed out.
@@CD-vb9fi Are you saying this is a better or more effective solution than the techniques utilized today?
I was in Venice earlier this year and it was simply amazing to see the homes and businesses along the water.
This video explains how Venice came to be. TY😊
The animation is so buttery and crisp at the same time, it just tickles my brain. Kudos to the creators! Amazing work.
Thank you! I'm so glad that you enjoyed it!
I work in animation, and many folks take this stuff for granted, so thanks for noticing and appreciating this good work 😊
@@celisewillis I totally missed it before someone pointed it out. That's when you know it's *really* good
@@celisewillisAI will soon being doing this stuff
@@richardreese4889 i bet you're fun at parties
If we think thoroughly, Venice is like one of the best engineering efforts of human in building habitable environments in an inhabitable one
You mean uninhabitable. Inhabitable means you can inhabit it.
You mean humans. Human (singular) would mean just one guy did it all by himself.
@@davidn4956 thank you
@@Matthew.Sweeney thank you
@@Matthew.Sweeney he means human as in "humankind" you goober, not "a human" there is no "a" before it.
When we have history class, I wish they would provide videos and interactive information to make the subject more understandable. Textbooks can be difficult to follow, but animated or live videos could really help students engage with the material.
Our current model desperately needs an overhaul from top to bottom. We could talk about all of the changes we could make for days.
Textbooks are easy, if you can READ and COMPREHEND your own bloody language
LMAO
@@TheOtherKine shut up brit you cant have opinions
@@TheOtherKine Textbooks are absolutely necessary, but they can be painfully dense, especially if it's not a subject you're already passionate about. Speaking as someone who successfully learned calculus, physics, and chemistry through independent study. Because it was something I was passionate about.
But I didn't become passionate about school until I was 28. You need good teachers to pull the words off the page, to get kids excited to learn these things.
@@TheFiddleFaddle Mate, I read Crime & Punishment, most of Shakespeare, all of Camus, Sartre, Fitzgerald and a whole slew of others in high school all before Uni . If you hadn't memorised exact quotes from them you failed A-levels, and I had to remember Sartre and Camus IN FRENCH ffs.
Thanks!
And thank you so much for watching! Your support means a lot!
Whoever made this animation deserves a round of applause....it clarified the message the video was trying to explain to the public.
thank you! none of that nEeDs A rAiSe bullshit
Wow that's truly interesting that they did all that engineering back then.
People in history were not as stupid as media and education claims and lies to us about.
@onewatchable1181 fr, people where building world wonders more than 3 thousand years B.C. and modern folk still think engineering is a modern thing
@@viniciusmenezes9538 BCE* "christ" never existed. Before "christ", in other words before abrahamism, the World was an amazing place; hence the so-called wonders, which were not wonders back then but were normal, usual things. It is since abrahamism, and for my part of the World christianity specifically, that idiocy and wonder entered for shock and awe, and "faith" instead of KNOWLEDGE. The Ancient Romans were about as advanced as we were back in the Atomic Age - and the Ancient Romans were... well... in ancient times. Education and media lies to us and tries to make us BELIEVE things, instead of helping us to KNOW things.
As you say, engineering certainly isn't modern at all. Before "christ", or Before the Common Era, people were in tune with Nature and Science; since abrahamism, and thanks to christianity, in the dark ages we had about 1000 years of no scientific advancement, and knowledge was destroyed or corrupted, and "faith" was enforced. That explains a lot.
We're relearning Nature and Science. We're cancelling abrahamism. We're retaking the Planet that is rightly ours. Nonsense like "faith" is being replaced with the eternal Nature and Science and Knowledge.
@@RPCDebateForum-FreeForums-Netthey dont you gotta be supper smart how do you think we improved without geniuses 😂😂they were smarter back then than the idiots wr have today
It was aliens 😂
There are 600 remaining wells, none functional because fresh water is now piped from the mainland. But when they were the primary source of fresh water there used to be over 7000 wells! Furthermore, when the Venetian Republic was at its peak population in the 1600s it built a canal 13.5 km long and 1 m wide on the mainland bringing fresh water to the coast near Venice. Many boats would load up with water and bring it to the city to fill up the wells.
I've never been to Venice, but I've heard that the canals are very polluted and smelly.
@@TM-tx9ctnot sure about polluted, like sewage or industrial pollution, but it is a swamp, i mean a shallow lagoon with the river filling it.
But smelly absolutely, can confirm as i felt it, but that's normal, here on our side of the coast on the island of hvar, in stari grad town, there are canals, not many but some canals going deep into the town, probably made for transporting the building material or perhaps maybe they had a boat yard away from the shore, can't say, never asked what exactly it is, and the town was founded by the greek colonists from pharos before the rome was a thing, anyways the sea is crystal clear, but it has a smell, the sea is not water, the sea is a living organism, and stagnant sea that can't circulate becomes to smell, or stink naturally, where ever you have the sea that can't circulate, like ponds after the storm in stone cavities, it will start to stink after the first sun, it's judt a nature of the sea.
Thank you, public engineering history side of UA-cam!
Why not build houses on the mainland instead?
"But this is cooler"
Oh.
@@TheThingoftheSky Islands are more defensible.
Italians are really smart people 👌 👏
Wow who ever designed this is a genius. Well done!
Thank you
no bro, i live there
it floods every fucking month
Pun-intended?
I’m sure some people are gonna discredit human ingenuity and say the aliens built it.
@@matteoforlin5987sus… wouldn’t you say “I live here”.
"Venice couldn't use any of it"
Venice: So I took that personally
well transportation is a use technically speaking
... aaaand they still can't use it.
those aren't wells, they are cisterns.
A well captures groundwater, cisterns store water (especially rainwater)
Shut up. 😅😅
Seriously, thanks.
Good info! I never knew the difference. Thanks.
They are accessing the cistern via a well.
Thanks, I didn't lnow that!
@@bywonlineI don’t live in seriousville sir. Relax. Tell your friends.
So happy I have found this incredibly educational Channel. I Love Learning...
When you can distill thousands of hours of research into a 60 second animation. Well done!
What they didnt tell you was that venice is built on wood logs that where chiseled into the hard clay. This sounds irrelevant but the wells often dug far too deep and dug into the hard clay. As time went by the clay began to slowly seep into the wells make the logs that made Venice’s foundation sink. Building wells in Venice is now strictly prohibited.
The full video does explain that
All kids love log!
exactly 💯
This definitely made no sense both times I read it. Try typing it again.
🥺
Old technology can still be used today. Emerging countries can try and benefit from these techniques.
I'm surprised I've never heard of this before because I live in the american midwest but mostly because this could be utilized in so many places clean water is an issue today
Yesssss
Decision makers in emerging countries are too busy sending their families to developed countries and sending money to banks overseas... They and their posse live well and couldn't care less about the rest of population. I know it's because I've seen the first hand.
@@calebz1448California
Couldn't they just have easily built desalination plants?
“Necessity is mother of invention”
Ancient and medieval engineering really is a marvel
Meanwhile corrupt politicians and the corrupt rich are saying that this stuff is expensive while making one of the most unsustainable stuff like highways, skyscrapers, and suburbs.
Nothing says marvelous like drinking water that’s mixed with birdshit and the fecal matter stuck to the bottom of everyone’s shoes.
It's definitely a great built but not genius.
Every year these places are flooded because the construction lacks a drainage pipe.
The Italians make the best of it however and sit on theses places with water up to their knees and enjoying their coffee and pastries 🙂
I think I increased a brain cell
In other words: double?
Congratulation on your first one! 🥳
I saw extraordinary engineering upon every visit to Venice during my time stationed in Italy in the 1990s. It's really a marvel to behold.
Interesting that a people capable of these feats would not also have a reputation for automotive engineering excellence to rival that which Germany used to have. There are the exotics like Ferrari and Lamborghini of course, but on the whole, Italian automobiles are typically suspect.
@SillyPuddy2012 Most people dont realize Italy's made up of several different previous kingdoms/countries, so the mindset prevalent in one area doesn't always translate to another place. Go to Venice or Modena, then visit Naples, where I lived for 3 years, and you'll see what I mean. It's alot more of a cultural swing than you'll see in the U.S.
No wonder why Ezio has too many wells to hide in 😅
There were filter cisterns like this in many medieval cities, not just venice. It's a great invention
Since antiquity. The video is misleading.
Can this sand really filter sea water from all the bad things?
@@ivanjovanovic362rain water. They’re for rainwater.
When the europeans did it in Medieval times, the Mayas and Incas were already collecting rain water and directing it toward the center of the villages to be used by the people.
@@bluedeep1707 1. Those are ancient Mediterranean technologies, not 'medieval'; 2. The Incas were late new comers to the Andean region.
Well done Venice.
Good to know they had brilliant people fir that.
That's how we survived, humans are brilliant creatures
@ebanyd… not all humans … Africans for example have little advancement to show for their thousands of years on Africa
@@robertruggiero9999and despite the billions of dollars of aid every year
Are you really counting that "aid"? @@marten6578
@@robertruggiero9999read up on history before making assumptions.
And people will still say it's aliens, the old world was full of so many incredible creations
Seriously, people act as if ancient people were too stupid or incapable of performing such feats, and would much rather have a simplified and boring answer of aliens having done everything for humans.
@@diegoquezada3193that’s so freaking true omg, it is like people were dumb in the past and now we are somehow smarter, it doesn’t make any sense 🤷♀️
It benefits many to pretend our ancestors were stupid
Gives people ideas to reject modernity. The managerial class that rules holds no legitimacy for ruling other than convincing us without them we’d revert to mud huts
@@meduse7925right. They didn't know as much as we do now. But they still had brains and cunning.
“Old world”?
Not so medieval - the bulk of our drinkable water is surface water that percolates through sand filters/basins. Another great Venetian innovation was the production line - yes, Henry Ford-type production line. For centuries, Venice was not only a major European power, but the pre-eminent shipbuilder through their development of a production line - the Arsenale - for building ships upon which her military and economic survival depended. She was an early adopter of standardization whereby ships were built to established standards as opposed to almost the previous practice of ship building guilds that built ships one-at-a-time.
Thu Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) also used production lines for ship building. The sawmills were wind driven.
That's awesome thanks for speaking out about that! Greetings and respect from Jack in Iowa USA
see,
Wow! I live in Verona, very close to Venice and I know the city quite well. I always wondered why there are so many wells almost in each square, even the smallest.
Verona was one of the 3 arch enemies Venice had
@@BoretheoryNever forget!
@@ScootyPuffSr7 ahahahah
😂😂😂@@ScootyPuffSr7
I spent 2 weeks in Verona 20 years ago. Beautiful city
When these naturally occur, its called an artesian well, although its an area usually miles across minimum made of a permeable material like sand and rock, surrounded by clay deposits. Comes out of a low area like a spring tap.
Ingenious! Brilliant! Smart! Well made! Should be replicated!!
Someone had a brilliant idea that was put into practice, making a huge difference for the residents. Bravo!!
The amount of engineering genius that was needed to build Venice is insane.
It's definitely a great built but not genius.
Every year these places are flooded because the construction lacks a drainage pipe.
The Italians make the best of it however and sit on theses places with water up to their knees and enjoying their coffee and pastries 🙂
They could have just moved, but they’re like nah we’ll make this work
Ya but the barbarians had other ideas
It became one of the most if not the most defendable cities of its time, by sea, there were only three access points, all heavily defended (lido and punta sabbioni are full of fortresses) and by land, well its an island
Exactly what billions of people could be doing.
@@Daihatsu_HijetWho are the barbarians you are referring to? The Ottoman-Venetian wars, the possible Mongol contribution to the black death plague, or Napoleon who defeated the Venetian republic?
From what I know remember about Venice's founding.
Going back to land wasn't exactly a great idea at the time. Political issues. + Land rights.
+ There was already some people living out in the lagoon.
So merchant groups formed up and basically got the rights to the area for cheap.
A place with less taxes and access to the sea.
Great for trade. Especially since many fleets would need to sail up the whole Adriatic to get to the place.
Could they have left sure.
But there was profit to be made.
+ Merchants follow the money.
Engineer back then are so genius
The drinking water in my hometown is very similar, water gets pumped out on a deep sand bank and after 3 years the water have passed the sand filtration and gets collected. The sand beams is natural from a old river.
I love ancient engineering.
It shows that our ancestors were a lot cleverer than you get from just history in schools.
Like today it was a few smart people telling others what to do
You're obviously American 😂😂😂
Very regional. There are still large parts of the world where people are confused by toilets.
You went to school?
Human is The Human's biggest Enemy
So THAT'S how Ezio had so many wells to hide in.
I thought Ubisoft just edited those into the existing architecture for gameplay purposes.
Hahaha, good point! Dang… I thought random carts full of hay was bad.
I was looking for this comment
That is soo amazing. And the animations are beautiful as well.
Water management. I always love learning about this stuff.
Me too!
The fact that these people did this without calculators, internet, reference photos... They just rawdogged an entire filter for 600 wells in the middle of a massive city surrounded by saltwater canals. I can't help but marvel at the ingenuity and skill of these architects, engineers and builders of bygone times.
To be fair plumbing is just about the most easily accessible amenity to civilization. “Shit runs downhill” so you build accordingly
Dying of thirst and hunger did an amazing job of motivating people to innovate.
They most certainly did calculations
@@HAIRHOLIC_1 I very clearly and obviously meant electronic calculators.
@@SwedePotato314 You also used the word "rawdogging" suggesting no particular help from instruments or calculations...
That is genius
Truly!
if this was needed to be done today, our "goverment" would pay some rich asshole to bring dirty water from the fucking moon or somewhere more expensive and charge us ten times its value.
@@primalspacethat one dude that pised on the squares: 🗿
@@primalspace wait, how does the water actually enter the well after penetrating the sand?
It is, but I don't want to be the one who has to change the filter.
Brilliant long live Italy proud to have Italian roots as a Proud American
I highly encourage everyone to watch this entire video. Fantastic quality!
Thank You! That was very helpful, I searched for the main video of around 9min and it was awesome !👌
Back in 2000 my mum, sis & I toured Paris, Rome, Florence, Prato, & Venice. They were all beautiful but Venice was the most amazing, incredible place: The terracotta roofs, the doors tall enough for a horse & rider to go through; the canals & the Gondoliers; the cafes & restaurants & all the different islands! Unbelievable!
•W•O•W• Early engineering at it's finest.
The city floods every year? It's like the Philippines. For days they live on the second floor only. Also the floods have fecal matter as the canals are the sewers
@@suzannemangino5892They fail to mention. The canal ways for gondola boats is the city sewers. Every night the tide goes out and takes all the crap out to the ocean. Then in the morning fresh salt water comes in again. City floods yearly and must live on the second floor only!
Classic engineering solutions that are also elegant. Has to be my favourite genre
Imagine Venice was constructed in year 421.
You learn something 'new' each day! This was amazing!
Glad you enjoyed it!
If i get it right, this is a really large-scale and impressively improved version of the Roman "impluvium".
And Venice itself is a really large scale and impressively improved version of a "crannog".
Infrastructure engineer here. I think this is genius. Very well-planned. Very civil. Very demure.
Very mindful
What does the last word mean?
@@ebozloriginal google is your friend.
@@ebozloriginal not what zoomers think it means but whatever they can have it
That word, I do not think it means what you think it means. Stick to engineering, because English is not your forté.
the people can also pee into those gutters so they have infinite supply of water
The power of engineering is so amazing.
This is the marvellous ENGINEERING
Realy great creativity ❤❤
💯💯💯
Exactly!! 👍🏼
And today our engineers make waterlogged roads which become canals in monsoon !!!!
Now this was something worth learning, excellent animation too. Cheers for the reel...
The liquid water in this animation looks ridiculously incredible!
Well done. Yes that was a pun 🤭
You did a fantastic job of explaining and even better showing videos to illustrate. Great job here.
Thank you so much! I love a well thought pun 😉
Should be done here in Mexico City, we're pumping underground water that isn't being replenished, causing the city to sink, 25% of the water supply is brought in from other valleys having to pump water over the mountains and then after used mixed with rainwater and dumped with a great underground tunnel to eventually the gulf of Mexico, not without causing trouble in the way.
That is also interesting info!
Cool. Excellent visuals with detailed explanation. ❤
The song is "Melting Glass" for anyone wondering.
"Well" that was amazing
I seep what you did there
meh far from impressive compared to Duabi's current sewage system.
@@TopAnime-kn1xrif you have an awesome presentation to go along with it, please share! Seriously!
We miss Italian builders here in Australia.if we still had them,we would have houses that wouldn’t fall down and wouldn’t have a housing shortage problem.they take the upmost pride in their work.
Amazing work on the graphics. You are a master.
"How unnecessarily complicated you want your city to be?"
Venice mayor: *YYEEESSSS*
🤣🤣🤣
It was necessary because the people needed water to drink
@@hungryhamster4567 lol
*Doge
same thought
The sewer system was even more impressive
Could you give some details, if I may ask?
@BenjaminSkidmore-op1oj They dump human waste into the canals for the ocean to take even the smallest drop of water from the canals of Venice can make you sick
There was also the time when all those cruise ships would also pollute the canal water. I’m so glad they banned those in Venice itself
People hundred of years ago thought of this yet my country which practically rains all year is still facing water supply issues
Too proud (or mentally lazy, or just lazy) to just do it.
Ingenious engineering that wasn't taught in schools.
Schools today makes us stupider
@@Alexander.RomanceThe Internet certainly doesn't help.
Judging by how Gen Alpha is, the next generation isn't gonna know how to read.
Common knowledge using sand, stones etc to purify water.
@@misterbd9641 that is common knowledge but only common for maybe 3rd world types and preppers
@@Alexander.Romance Stupider? More stupid*
Such technology is needed in others parts of the world which face water shortages due to inadequate storages for growing populations.
Fucking genius 👏 hats off to those engineers
Want true freedom? Come to Jesus Christ 😊
@marthaguifarro5919 Thanks, I'll stick to the Devil.
Italians
Brilliant! So innovative! Plus, the video was excellent!
"HMMMMM... Must be aliens! If I can't figure out how to do this then they couldn't!"
Your giving humans less credit for how creative they are
@@night-streakmedia3319it wasprobably sarcasm... Or he works for the history chanel
Dag-Nabit! Hans Wormhat, is that you!? Go away!
The earth isn't a hubcap! Time is Not speeding up. Buildings of stone aren't melting into the ground like candle wax. And Penguins and Zebras are real!