This Arizona Volcano Produces 90% of the World's Peridot; The San Carlos Volcanic Field
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- Опубліковано 4 чер 2024
- Within Arizona is a volcano that a mere 580,000 years ago threw large masses of peridot onto the surface. This occurred in a powerful explosive eruption at Peridot Mesa, which is where 90% of the world's gem peridot originates from. Peridot Mesa is merely the most recent vent of a volcanic field extinct for more than 500,000 years, the San Carlos Volcanic Field. Although this volcanic field will never erupt again, it provides a spectacular insight into regional volcanism in a part of the American southwest.
Note: Please do not collect from Peridot Mesa as it is privately owned.
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Sources/Citations:
[1] U.S. Geological Survey
[2] The Google Earth KMZ file used in this video used to show a section of the Geologic Map of Arizona was downloaded from: U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona geologic map data, at mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state...
[3] The Google Earth KMZ file used in this video used to show a section of the Geologic Map of New Mexico was downloaded from: U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico geologic map data, at mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state...
0:00 Volcanic Peridot
0:40 San Carlos Volcanic Field
1:40 Jemez Lineament
2:12 Geologic History
3:29 Maar Eruption
4:19 Conclusion
Mind blowing amounts of field research must have gone into figuring out the sequences of eruptions, lava flows and other events that created today’s landscapes 👏👏👏 Thank you, all those kids who got the geology bug and studied hard to become scientists ❤
Agreed!
Thank you so much for getting me more interested in geology! I love how each one of your videos makes me better understand the beautiful diversity of our planet 😊
Mind doing a earthquake simulation of a 9.0 quake on the Jemez subduction zone?
It's a small thing, but your videos on Peridot has brought me a newfound respect for my birthstone. So thank you.
....And it's pretty!!!🤗
Fascinating!!!
I Just LOVING this channel!! As a former Biology teacher who Loves ALL Science this is Very interesting to me!
I didn't know of a subduction zone within the SouthWest Region of the US and I'm learning More of the Geology that I Didn't get in a Geology class......... Thanks for the Posting!!! Glad I 'Sub'!
Got a piece of that. Lovely piece of basalt host about 3/4inch thick with about an inch of peridot on either side.
Ah Miss the Green Sand Beach on the Big Island...
This is so cool!
Beautiful Olivine! The Jemez Lineament's formation is also roughly at the time that the first true and complete supercontinent formed, the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia.
I'm not sure the exact difference but you also sometimes see Columbia get referred to as Nuna instead I think it might have to do with which exact continental configuration model or something but it could just be a disagreement over the name.
@Dragrath1 I may be slightly persuasive here, but more recent studies refer to Nuna as a key component continent of the larger Columbia supercontinent. One study that does this is a study that involved geophysicist Ross Mitchell. This study in 2021 analyzed what are known as "megacontinents." Despite their name, megacontinents are smaller than Supercontinents, but are important in their formation. One example of a megacontinent is Gondwana, the ancient continent that contained South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand. Before Pangea's formation, Gondwana included every landmass on Earth except Siberia, Laurentia, Baltica, Amuria and Kazakhstania. Nuna has now been assigned to the megacontinent that was key to Columbia's formation, as Gondwana was with Pangea. This has implications for Eurasia's role in the supercontient cycle. Eurasia is not a supercontinent, but it might be the megacontinent that is key to the formation of the most likely future supercontinent scenario - Amasia. Amasia may form at the North pole. Do note that Amasia is not the only model of future supercontinent formation. There is also Novopangea, Pangea Proxima, Aurica and an unnamed Future Antarctic supercontinent. Even Amasia has several variants alone!
@@TheSpaceEnthusiast-vl6wx So they are calling what have conventionally been called minor supercontinents "mega continents"? That is so confusing and counterintuitive...(if not outright disingenuous).
Also when listing what landmasses weren't part of Gondwana prior to the formation of Pangaea you missed Avalonia the microcontinent which was a highly evolved volcanic arc complex that had started forming back in the Neoproterozoic
Yes, I do find the name "Megacontinent" confusing, too. As for Avalonia, I thought that it was attached to Gondwana. The point in geological history that I chose to represent Gondwana before Pangea is 540 million years ago. I am sorry if I was not specific enough. Thanks.
Thank you. Have you covered Hole in the Wall? It's an old volcanic formation out in the Mojave Desert near the town of Kelso.
I think Dan Hurd has videos of prospecting peridot in Canada.
Interesting you should say that. I too found peridot while prospecting in Canada. Guess I'll have to go check out Dan's vids now.😂
BTW. Thanks for that.
are there any locations NOT privately owned where you can collect peridot?
That was cool 😃 I thoroughly enjoyed it. Thanks x
Any chance you could talk about the south sandwhich Island Volcanos, Google satellite views of Mt. Belinda currently erupting is pretty cool and would like to know more if your up for it.
I'm still always surprised at how young volcanoes usually are. I hear you talk about volcanos like "this volcano is around 1 million years old" and I know that it's practically a newborn in geologic time.
Have you done anything on the black fire opal of Nevada?
There has been a Olivine-or Chrysolith-mine in the Ural-Mountains, where Asia and Europpe meet, The Gemstones were beautiful light green, and precious.
Strange. Was there an unusual pool of Olivine under the eruption? It's hard to understand concentrations of minerals around the Earth when the mechanisms all seem similar unless there are simply specific collections in the Mantle under the Crust.
Am no Geologist, but seems that lighter minerals sit higher in Earth's Mantle layer, while older/heavier layers are below... Sometimes weak 'hot spots' in the crust allow volcanic activity which pushes mantle material to the surface
There is a layer near the Moho (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87_discontinuity) where there is a layer of Dunite which is 90% Olivine everywhere around the world and some volcanic eruptions bring it up. It is also found in the Kilbourne Hole maar xenoliths in New Mexico's Potrillo Volcanic Field near Las Cruces, NM West of El Paso TX.
@@MountainFisher Is the difference here that the lava cooled or reheated over time in a fashion that hasn't been recreated to this extent elsewhere? It just seems so counterintuitive.
@@miditrax That's true, but Gold, Lead, Uranium, etc. would seem to have been brought up more often than the much lighter Olivine that's presented here. Just seems odd that there were perfect conditions pretty much in this one spot and quantity.
@@billsmith5166 I think it has more to do with chemical erosion of olivine once it arrives at Earth's surface as the mineral gets oxidized by the air and or water.
Olivine when exposed to the surface can dissolve/react into seawater to form ferrous hydroxides and or react with carbon dioxide to form carbonates to name a few of the ways the mineral chemically breaks down. Thus a mineral which reacts chemically with water is generally unlikely to survive very long once exposed to the surface.
In any case as water is a major driver of this chemical erosion it's likely a combination of the arid desert environment and relatively geologically recent eruption and even more recent erosional exhumation.
If you want to preserve olivine crystals this is why you should keep the mineral in a dry and or reduced/anaerobic environment as once exposed to the surface it doesn't last very long.
From what I can find information wise olivine typically breaks down on the order of a few decades temperature dependent i.e. at 19 degrees Celsius the mineral take a bit less than 10 years to break down but if kept at temperatures 15 degrees colder it can last up to 50 years.
Either way the mineral looks to degrade quite quickly
What map are you using to visualize the volcanic features? It's amazing!
Google earth lol.
Look at bottom right
@@eclipse369. I know, but there are a lot of custom maps available. ;)
Google Earth with a specific layer added on that is downloadable from a USGS webpage. Specifically, the NM and AZ geologic maps with the AZ one being found at: mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/state.php?state=AZ
@@GeologyHub great, thank you!
Classic - one of the harder ones to get access to since it’s on the res.
Kilbourne Hole in southern NM has peridot. (The best finds are on the northern rim)
I'd like to request the following topic: Weathering of ultramafic minerals (such as olivine) converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbonates or carbonate ions, and is localized to small "hotspot" regions in different locales. Could you discuss these hotspots, and there geologic origins? Thank you.
way to go Nick!
Hey, would you mind expanding on the subduction zone mentioned in the video? I am under the impression that subduction only occurs between continental and oceanic crust. Is it the case that the subduction was an old oceanic crust moving north into AZ that has now been sandwiched between 2 pieces of continental crust? If so where is the mountain range that would be the result of the 2 continental crusts accreting?
If olivine is so common in the mantle, why is/was it not brought to the surface elsewhere/more often?? Does it somehow 'avoid' rising pockets of magma somehow?
Very kool!
Is this a re upolad? I thought i saw this already
I also remember seeing it.
That music end is a hoot
Do you know anywhere that it is legal to collect obsidian from?
Keep up with the old and obscure volcanic fields.
I think I found some peridot down by Mt. Erebus, McMurdo.
It looked like that anyways.
I bought a piece from eBay...looks just like yours 👍
North America was really poppn at one point.
Could we get a video tracing the vocanic history of the continents on a individual basis. Would be thrilled to see a comprehensive volcanic history of notth America
I just watched your video Mount Lassen in Northern California. It seem to be a part of a more historical Supervolcano Mount Tehma. Mount Tehma is confusing as I have read several conflicting narratives. Can explain the real deal.
Epic
I had no idea all peridot comes from one patch of land in the San Carlos Apache reservation in AZ.
Interesting; though I thought this event took place more like 20 million years ago or so, when the basin-and-range crustal stretching was affecting southern Arizona before moving northward
That Guy Alert: Jemez is pronounced HAY-mez by the locals.
There is a small beach in Hawaii made entirely of peridot.
❤
I swear I heard the Peridot call us "clods" 😅
hi
what the odds between current political events and volcanoes in Arizona. lol. so its coming.