Halloween: What did peasants do during Medieval Halloween? (How superstitious were they?)
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- Опубліковано 2 чер 2024
- How did peasants in medieval times celebrate Halloween and what did it mean? #haloween #spooky #medieval
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Warlord
Direction, Camera, Sound, Editing, Stills Kasumi
Presenter Jason Kingsley OBE
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"If you haven't got a pear, then God bless you," that might be meant in a sympathetic way. That is, if you honestly don't have any food to give the poor, you might just be that poor yourself.
Van Ivanov I was taught it this way as well.
And for the common footsoldier: _"If you haven't got a spear, God bless you."_
That’s what I thought too!
Maybe it was meant as both, if you had anything and didnt' give your share, you would get your due, but if you didn't have enough to give, then you were to be pitied.
I was just going to comment the same way.
I love how you portray history in a very conversational way. There's no pretense or declarative speech. If you don't know, you say so. It's very refreshing. It's like a conversation one might have just working on the farm, wandering the trails or at a dinner table. Nice.
The line "Then God bless you" may be in reference to the giver being poorer than the beggar. A wish of blessing on someone in harder times than them.
Or may be sardonic...
@@janetmackinnon3411 that’s a very post-modern way of looking at the past
This channel is so pure
no question
i love him
When I was a bairn we still hollowed out turnips for halloween and lit them with candles. I loved the smell of turnip slowly roasting from the inside.
Yes I remember turnip lanterns. Now replaced with pumpkins.
@@thedativecase9733 Funnily enough I've just returned from shopping at Tesco and they're the first thing on display in the entrance. A half dozen "bins" full of pumpkins.
you always bring history to the people celebrating or living the real days, not a history lesson. thanks so much. love it. :)
n.b. the song is the same as “Christmas is coming” which has the lines: “Please to put a penny in the old man’s hat. If you haven’t got a penny a hay’penny will do. If you haven’t got a hay’penny, then god bless you.” :) 🎄
The sound of horses crunching grass is one of the sweetest, calming sounds there is
Even here in the Netherlands Halloween is becoming more and more populair. Children participate in Trick-o'-treat walks around town being dressed up to the occassion.
Salty cakes make a lot of sense in the Medieval days at Halloween as salt repels evil spirits, which is why it is customary even in modern times to throw salt over your shoulder. Another great episode as always.
The Welsh name for Halloween is *Nos Calan Gaeaf* ,it translates literally as Night of Winter's eve.The ancient Britons (the direct ancestors of the Welsh) divided the year into four seasons - each had a starting and finishing point :
Winter began on November the 1st ,and ended on January the 31st,the peak of those three months of winter being December the 21st - the shortest ( and therefore darkest) day.
The season of Spring then started on February the 1st ,and ended on the last day of April.
May the 1st then saw the beginning of the three months of the Summer season ,it peaked on June the 21st ( the longest day) and ended on July the 31st.
The season of Autumn then started on August the 1st , taking us to October the 31st - winter's eve.
Neat. It is the co-called astronomical calender. Makes sense but not everywhere on the planet :-)
@@666wurm true, so April 30th for the Southern Hemisphere ;)
The shot with the moon, the torch and the guy speaking is really, REALLY EPIC
At 1:20 the "moon" slowly pans into view with the flames licking directly towards it. Fantastic.
The hard contrast between lights and dark with excellent use of a single light source from the side to create depth and shadow in his character's figure ... a very Caravaggio art style (though not enough blood lol).
The style looks so natural, visceral, and spooky. Perfect.
What I find really nice is that it seems the poor were often thought about and cared for by all people it seems. From this festival giving soul cakes, to the duke giving bread and so on.
So pleasant to see you standing quietly with Warlord, and we just listen to the sound of him pulling grass. Very nice.
I couldnt even watch that part. The sound of the grass made me stop watching instantly.
@@SirHorned19 Why?
@@aileen694 because they’re probably moderately autistic and can’t deal with certain sounds
Great episode. Loved the visuals. Nowadays on All Saints Day, we (American Catholics) ask for the intercession of all the saints on our behalf including the formula “St Boniface (for example), pray for us”. Then the next day we pray for all of our departed family and friends. I don’t know how far back in time this goes. Thanks for your channel. Wonderful.
thanks.
I love the gentle mysticism you bring to history in this episode. Well done, Sir. Another little slice to chew on: After the night turns to day on 1 November, any above ground crop unharvested was left in the field. There was a mystical explanation for this but the practical reason was simple. The grains often start to develop a deadly mold due to the weather change, especially on rye and barley. Fruits/berries start to ferment or rot from the inside. If these items are added to your root cellar or storage barrels, you could lose ruin those food items over the winter. You might not have enough to make it to spring harvest. The same would apply to the carcass burning; it prevents cross contamination, keeping the stored food safe, in addition to providing nutrients for the fields. Thank you again for such wonderful insight.
Thank you Lisa, this is amazing information.
I never knew that!
What it a “carcass burning”?
What it a “carcass burning”?
@@mikeappleget482 AKA cooking/smoking
"Halloween..." he says, as he appears from the darkness with a flaming torch. #mood
In the poem when it says "if you haven't got a pear then God bless you", I never saw that as a threat. I saw it as pity. You're so poor that you don't even have a pear to share with others. That's just always been my take on it.
"Have some grass!" "Thank you human you're very kind".
I interpret that poem that ends in "if not a pear, then God bless you" as a if you dont even have so much as a pear, then bless your soul as you are lacking in food and winter is upon us. Almost luck a good luck, wouldn't want to be you Maybe I also am misinterpreting it but that was my take away.
Exactly as i'd see it.
You might all be right! I guess it might be genuine, and probably was, but knowing some people, and looking at possible origins of trick or treat, I wondered if there was a different interpretation.
@@jasonkingsley2762 Well the trick part has to come from somewhere, could be both. Maybe it started out well intended but some took it further or it became so later?
@@jasonkingsley2762 maybe it really meant "give us a trick, or a treat", the trick being an actual trick of some sort the person would perform if they could not afford to give something.
I always knew it as a nursery rhyme:
Christmas is coming
The geese are getting fat
Please put a penny in the old man's hat
If you've not a penny
A ha'penny will do
If you've not a ha' penny then God bless you!
And took it as kind-if you don't even have that much, may you be blessed.
so soothing to listen to you while holding a torch or petting a horse
Halloween bonfires still happen in Ireland and barm brack is traditional (a descendant of souls cakes perhaps?). My mother used to carve swedes too.
I love the fact that Warlord gets the top credit!
This video has taught me more about Halloween than all the documentaries and all the simpsons put together. Thank you
There is something relaxing and soothing listening to a horse eat grass. It makes me forget, for a little while, all the craziness we're all dealing with. Thanks for that.
But.
It brings to mind death. How did medieval people deal with death? And wound care after battle? All the sharp, pointy things they bashed each other about with that you so masterfully demonstrate, I expect lots of fatalities and injury that led to infection. Were there physicians or barber surgeons at that time? Thank you.
It was not always bad things, in Baltic, we didn't have halloween but "Veļi" spirits of the dead, not really bad thing. While there were important days it usually was time period from about 29 of September till about 10 of November. It was time to remember old relatives and to tell stories. It was forbidden to do mayor jobs, to sing and to be loud. As a tradition it was still alive in 19th century, especially setting tables with food for spirits, often also getting sauna ready, putting clean towels for them, like you would do for important but loved guests. Unfortunately church wasn't so happy, about holding all kinds of dead spirits in such hight honor.
I would like to see it as a tradition to be reborn.
2:37 there is one more point about the harvest and the Halloween that a lot of people ignore. I think that Halloween is a statement to the death it self that the people are prepared and they are not afraid of it. The harvest is done, the warehouses are full, so full, that people actually make lanterns out of the food (pumpkins), they celebrate and laugh from the death as if ignoring the harsh period that is about to hit them for more than half of the year. So I think Halloween is a boastful celebration and a challenging statement to the death itself, the claim of readiness and a show of courage.
I’ve always interpreted that last part of the soaling rhymes as “if you don’t even have a pear, you must be as poor as me, god bless you as well!” I love the Peter Paul and Mary recording of a soaling song, whose lyrics include a similar line: “The streets are very dirty, my shoes are very thin. I have a little pocket to put a penny in. If you haven’t got a penny, a hay-penny will do! If you haven’t got a hay-penny, then god bless you.” To me the lyric wishes good will for a fellow impoverished person, as much of the other rhymes wish well for anyone regardless of class (I.e. “Bless the master of this house, and the mistress also, and all the little children that ‘round your table go; the cattle in the stable, the dog by your front door, and all that dwells within your house, we wish you ten times more!”).
You took the baton from Michael Wood for being a genuinely interesting and thoroughly knowledgeable person on a particular subject matter. You present historical information in a non-biased manner which allows the viewer/listener to draw their own conclusions and in a manner that is thoroughly entertaining.
If you haven't got a penny , a halfpenny will do, if you haven't got a halfpenny then God bless you.
Yes!!!! Made the same observation from the old Carol.
Christmas is coming, the goose is getting fat....Ms Piggy does a great cover of the song in The Muppet Christmas Show....Shows my age
@@aliceingraham7637 Please to put a penny in the old man's hat.
Christmas is coming, The goose is getting fat,
So please put a penny in the old man's hat.............
I should read the other comments first! Sorry.
Jason never and I mean NEVER disappoints! He's such a cool guy
I think people had a better understanding of the practical side of nature than folks now, we might know now where everything comes from but more and more practical, u could almost say day to day knowledge about nature is lost. Like for examples most ppl don't know that birds are pretty good predictors of air pressure and thus weather: in Dutch we say: "Vogels vliegen hoog, morgen blijft het droog." _Birds flying high, tommorow it's dry._
Here in the north of England around the time of Halloween we have "Mischievious Night", when kids used to tie their neighbours door handles together with string & play "knock-a-door-run", then watch the fun as folk tried to open their front doors, whilst the kids threw eggs at the windows. (Because we're civilized like that 😄) I think this could've played a part in the Trick or Treat aspect of Halloween, I'm led to believe they may have had a similar thing in Ireland.
I certainly remember carving a face out of a swede or turnip when I was a kid to make a Jack o' Lantern.
In Germany, there is still a tradition where on St. Martin's day 11.11.) children go from house to house with very similar rhymes and songs as the one you cited and which vary regionally to ask for sweets, or originally, of course, apples, pears and nuts. Sadly this tradition is in decline ever since celebrating Halloween became more popular here as well around A.D. 2000. So this reminded me strongly of my childhood when hearing this.
It is also around this time children walk around with colourful and often self-crafted lanterns. Another similarity.
Though this obviously has other roots it is still fascinating how similar traditions often are. This one is clearly based on St. Martin who according to legend cut his cloak in half to give part of it to a beggar he saw freezing in the street, but still it is very similar and around the same time.
On a sideline: The 11.11. at 11:11h is also the time the carnival period starts eventually leading up to the 40 days of lent before Easter. And this marks the time when ordinary people were allowed to criticize and make fun of their lords and masters (and still do so) without consequence. Also a tradition that goes back to medieval times.
Thank you for taking your time doing all these fantastic mini-documentaries, they are fantastic! And interestingly enough, as costume for carnival my son has chosen to dress up as a knight. He is also doing horse riding as one of the few boys who do so these days and doing archery, so I guess I have to look out for somewhere he can train how to handle a sword 😂
Unfortunately he doesn't speak English well enough yet, or I am sure he would love this channel.
Thanks again.
@Michelle, I have a good friend from Germany who essentially taught himself English this way. He really doesn’t have any German accent (in English) to speak of, and only when using unusual words will you trip him up.
Same goes for my son. In some countries, like the Netherlands, riding a horse seems to be a girlie thing. While it was defenitely a thing men did because of war, work, etc...
I want to learn it too☺
@@jgappy5643 it’s all in the type of horseback riding, I’m not Dutch but if people were to mock you can just point to cavalry, cowboys, and the like. Riding is fun and badass, the first few times can be an experience though lol but I highly recommend it
@@gideonmele1556 I had a horse when I was much younger (for about 7 years) and do miss it greatly. It was a great way to grow up.
I've always heard to make a wish at 11:11. No idea if this has anything to do with what you're talking about.
Beautiful - and I recognised warlord even through the fog ...
I'm glad you mentioned the spiderwebs covering the grass at this time of year. This can even be seen in the parks and on the playing fields if one gets out early enough. The sun just striking those webs: a magical picture!
As for rowan berries: heh, I dunno - those berries on the rowan in my tiny back garden have usually been eaten by garden birds well before Halloween.
I’ve never been a real student of medieval times; my historical passion encompassed the mid-19th century (I was a re-enactor of the American War For Southern Independence for 10 years) and the mid-20th century. However, you have kindled within me a growing interest in the medieval period through your most excellent series of viddies and for that, I sincerely thank you, Sir. Your passion for the period is readily visible, and you make it live again because you make it all so very human. And, too, um, I confess: I love Warlord, he reminds me of my youth working on big cattle ranches in Nevada and Colorado. Give him a sweet from me, would you? 😊 Be well and carry on! 🌹
I'm happy we've inspired you, at least a little. Warlord says hello too. He's relaxing in his stable at present.
Thank you! 🌹
In my recent ancient Celts course we learned about ritual and religion and they mention Samhain or Halloween as the Celtic New Year and a time when important gatherings, rituals and sacrifices would be made. That might have played into how the medieval people saw the holiday and that tone of year.
I have never heard a explanation of Halloween like that
Thank you for this wonderfull Video and the spirit you catch with it
Yours Frank
Glad you enjoyed it
This channel is quickly becoming one of my favorites. Awesome job. It’s Crazy understanding and connecting back with what all our ancestors did not that many generations ago. The sense of community and the living and dead intersecting again.
Most fun holiday by far! but the second best.
According to Lucy Worsley, Medieval people had a different sleep routine, waking up for some period of time in the middle of the night, every night, to kind of check on things & ward off ill spirits.
Yes I saw that too, though I've not been able to verify it though, and it seems unusual.
@@ModernKnight I've read that elsewhere but I don't know how true it is.
Loved your video! The proliferation of spider webs was a great bit of information I had not heard before. Also, your mentioning of how foggy England gets during the fall sparked a thought about the 13th century poem, Gylfaginning, and a few other epic poems that describe Niflhel as a land of mist and fog in which dead men dwell. It is long believed that older traditions looked at most things that are transitional in time and space as particularly conducive to allowing spirits to cross between worlds. Old Breton, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Viking culture each most likely contributed some surviving traditions to Halloween in Medieval England.
I hear the "God bless you" in the chanted poem as saying if you haven't a pear or two you're worse off than me or your neighbors so we'll leave you alone with this good wish, as you need it.
Yes I think the "god bless you" is intended to be kind.
This video is a masterpiece! The best resource for my classes at school at this time of the year! Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
👋😊🎃
Watched this last year- now it was "suggested" again. A great Halloween background! I hope everyone at least has a pear!!!🌿
Mr. Kingsley, sir, you have the most awesome job. I can not imagine anything that would be more fun to do to make a living.
SMgirlsarah
This isn't his job, it's his passion. He and his brother are video game software developers. They own a highly lucrative company.
@@faithcastillo9597 It's pretty funny that a guy who puts out "Evil Genius," "Elite Sniper," "Judge Dredd," and "Zombie Army 4" is also making quiet youtube videos about being a knight.
Ehm...this channel is not what he does for a living....
This is just the best thing why why ? Has this guy not got a tv programme somebody on uk tv is truly missing a great opportunity
In Assyrian tradition, we have what's called 'Somikka' or 'Holy Halloween'. It's where people dress up in scary costumes and masks, going from house to house to frighten children into fasting for Lent. Parents would give the people in costumes food or money to bribe them away or as a promise that the children would fast. I'm not sure of the origins of Somikka, but my guess is that it was adopted from Europeans at some point in time, perhaps during the Crusades or WWI. Who knows?
Also, I've never see webs on the grass like that before; it's really quite pretty.
interesting👍😊
_"Death is coming, but it's not quite here yet."_
thank you for the fascinating video!
I didn't realize that Halloween went back that far.
This was actually the first MHTV video I ever saw. It is just as magical now as then. The Halloween imagery is so compelling. The first Christmas video is fun too. Instantly hooked me on MHTV.
I'm an "older" English woman and I remember celebrating Halloween the children would be dressing up to go out to visit the neighbours for a Trick or Treat.We did
Apple bobbing and made a haunted house with peeled grapes for eyeballs, a cabbage for a severed head and cold spaghetti for the intestines.
We used to do this as well as elementary schoolers in the 90's. I thought it was hokey back then, but looking back now that was part of the fun.
Warlord is such a beautiful, mighty steed...
Blessèd be /|\
I’ll tell him in a moment, as it’s feeding time soon.
Great video! I never thought about how special it would have been to spend the extra time or money, making or purchasing the candles, rush lights, or firewood to light up the night! It makes all the holidays around the world that are about lighting up the night feel more special to me.
I always knew there was a lot of history with regards to Halloween, but I never took the time to delve very deeply into it. After my childhood, I largely just ignored it. It was cool to watch this video and discover that Halloween is possibly one of the most intricate Holidays in western society. Thanks for the look back!
Cheers
Another great video. So much folklore lost and the video can only scratch the surface of modern memory. For a few scenes I thought it was a U2 video from the 1980s! I really enjoy these medieval society videos. Perhaps more than than the knightly orientated videos.
Ah yes, grass. Horses are natural eating machines! What a lovely video.
A rhyme from my childhood, translated into English:
This is the night, the night of nights,
When the bodyless go about.
And we keep open house tonight
For any who may be out..
If you haven't got a pear, then God bless you because you're worse off than I!
The poem seems to say “if you are so poor as to not have these things, God bring you aid”
All those cobwebs.. Ive never seen webs in the grass like that, but Australia certainly has a different egosystem to England and Europe. And we're the ones famous for spiders O_O
it's only at a few times of year. All the young spiders are born at the same time it seems.
But the spiders in Oz are scary. Ours in the UK are mostly nice and harmless.
This is point in the year were death may stalk the land after harvest if you have not grown enough food to take you and your family through a harsh winter
Tasting History talks about the history of soul cakes and makes some soul cakes.
When I was a kid, I always thought the "if you haven't got a pear, then God bless you" was basically saying..."Gee, you're so poor you haven't even got one of those...poor sucker..." 😆
I've heard Bing Crosby sing the song with the pear and 'God bless you" in it from that old saying/song. Interesting how some things stick around for hundreds of years like that.
Maybe Halloween has so many different origins to its traditions for the same reason why Christmas has so many sources for its traditions. In the case of Christmas, mid-winter festivities are very necessary for human morale. It's no wonder that every place with a significant winter has midwinter celebrations. Maybe it's similar for Halloween? The harvest is done, the weather is quickly changing to get colder, it's daggone spooky!
On day of the dead we still have spirit cakes of sorts called pan de muerto
When you said "newly departed" the 2nd lantern went out.
Very informative. I have to wonder if that poem is an earlier version of the song "Christmas is coming" where they go "Please to put the penny in the old man's hat/ If you haven't got a penny, a ha'penny will do/ If you haven't got a ha'penny/ Then God bless you."
More than likely that Christmas song is a reformed version of the one he was talking about. People used to reuse tunes and songs all the time. You'll get 16th and 17th cent political ballads that tell the reader - to the tune of [insert traditional song or hymn here].
I've been totally captivated by this series and your show in general. Thank you, for everything. God Bless.
Magnificent content. Really glad to come across this channel.
Welcome aboard!
Good video, beautiful horse too . Autumn and winter are when I'm at my happiest always have been and I guess allways will, only problem is we dont seem to get proper winters now in the Thames Thames valley at least ..
Maybe “God bless you” in that context was just a polite goodbye, idk if it’s ever used this way in the UK but in the US some people say “God bless” as a farewell?
The most haunted (k)night.
Perfect balance of information and fascinating speculation. Wonderful video!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Thank you for this, I teach in an after school program, and one of the classes I teach is called “Celebrations From Around The World”, I shall share your video when we discuss Halloween and Samhain.
Halloween sounds alot more fun back then
gods i love this channel, thank you UA-cam algo for bringing it to my attention, this has been an incredible week
Great job as always! Your series are very well done Jason. It is a great service we hope you continue providing. One can imagine the effort put into it, so we appreciate it!
Thank you very much! If there's anything you'd like us to investigate, we'll try to give it a go!
@@ModernKnight oh now that is an interesting offer thankyou Jason...there are so many things Id like to know!! I will give it some thought. I do Regency dancing and make Regency clothes for myself. We meet every month, to practice. I am interested in how clothes are put together, and the patterns, how they sowed and how they made the cloth...thats a huge subject isnt it. I love the photography, and also the horses, and the connection to this beautiful land, and how it is cared for. I am also into all kinds of healing and medicinal teciniques...So lots of subjects you are into. I love Japanese culture, the bow is so different to the English Longbow. Women now are 50 percent of the archery students...Women also used a long pole as a defence weapon....Another area is the architecture of the middleman/women?..So many things like the area of land that the poorer people had in which they could feed themselves and maybe sell some of their produce...That again is a huge subject..The war of the Roses must have affected people so much...and also the little ice age must have been AWEFUL...(sorry to go on)..xx
I’m sure medieval people knew that cobwebs came from spiders (even if they didn’t know why they all appeared at this time).
You're sure? And how's that? Did you do a survey of medieval peasants?
@@jeffs1546 Do you want to know why I assume that or are you just being pedantic about the word "sure"?
I'm inclined to think the same.
Carved them into swedes?! Wait, is that as revenge for all the viking raids that happened? Hehe
That's very funny :)
The Scots call them turnips or ‘neeps’, and we always used them for ‘turnip lanterns’ (also called ‘rutabaga’)
@@pcka12 turnips and swedes are different vegetables.
JohnyG29 ‘garden turnips’ are different to ‘swedes’ also often called turnips, or ‘neeps’ etc etc
😂😂
Wonderful! Would you please consider doing an episode on how medieval people preserved their harvest?
If you haven't got a pear,
then you haven't got a prayer.
😂🍐🎃
I’m sorry you don’t have pumpkins. They are great in so many ways - pies, roasted seeds, jack-o’-lantern. My family used to grow them in our garden. Love ‘em.
I like the way you explain things about Halloween in a history lesson. Very interesting never heard it put quite this way before. Good video
Also, Halloween is my specialty, and you are on point here.
I take the end of that poem to mean that they don't have anything to give either so they are also poor or under misfortune. As is often the case with these things...both are probably correct and it depends upon the person. That's why history is so awesome and definitely reminds you that we would be them if we were born when they were and they would be us if they were born now. Just humans being humans in each way that we can be.
Great channel mate i'll try to link you out in some of the other history channels like: Metatron, Skallagrim, Lindybeige, Scholagladiatoria, etc. Maybe you guys could hook up one day for a video. It looks like you have quite the estate to look after yourself though so I am sure your time is tight. It does show that in order for you to even be able to provide this level of video and insight into things other than just arms and armor, it takes a lot of time, money, and effort. So thanks for the great videos.
8:00 As you mentioned "soul bread": In some Catholic regions of Germany, there still exist various "All Souls' Pastries", mostly made out of sweet yeast dough. Traditionally, they are gifted by the godparents to their godchilds. Sometimes, they are also exchanged beween lovers.
Also the Ancient Romans had a similar festivity: the Angeronalia, that was celebrated the 21 of Decembre in honor of Angerona (the Goddess of anguish) to exorcise the fears and the dangers of the winter. In fact Angerona has the same etimological root of the word anguish (angoscia in Italian): the world angustus (narrow) and the 21 December is the "narrowest" day of the year; like George Dumezil explains in his book: "Archaic Roman religion".
That'd be the winter solstice, and the pagans (and many other cultures) had a separate festival for that with similar trappings.
'If you haven't got a pear, then god bless you.'
I understand it that if you don't have anything to share for the poor you're basically poor yourself so god should bless you.
What a wonderful video to come back to
I need to start each of Jason's videos by liking them before watching. They are all excellent!
The atmosphere for this video was so well thought out
Was told as a youth that Halloween was originally pronounced All Hallows Eve
That's true, Hallowe'en is just a contraction of All Hallows Eve.
Very interesting. You brought out some aspects of Halloween I had never known. Thank you for that.
Really wonderful.
love it! especially the sound of munching the grass
So interesting :D I love your videos I wish they taught this in school :D
my pleasure. It was fun researching this and trying to work out what was medieval and what might be later.
@@jasonkingsley2762 I'm a massive fan of history and anything Medieval. How have I never found this channel before now? I first found you by the Knight series. I was researching for a young adult fantasy novel I am writing. Your hard work is appreciated.
12:00 it gets somewhat like that here in the midwest around late august .. I remember walking about early and the morning and doing some macro photography of spider webs covered in dew a few years ago at that time ..
❤❤❤ fantastic and interesting into the medieval! Please could you do a one about mythology and legends
One of my all time favourite channels. JA
Great camera work.