you state that russia just left the nuclear treaty yet it was the USA who did it first and then Russia followed. its like bioweapons the USA funded sars2 and then it gets released during the world mil peace games in wuhan in oct 2019.
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty adopted to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects. ▫ The main instrument for stopping nuclear weapons tests is the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 September 1996.
The Treaty was opened for signature in New York (USA) on 24 September 1996. To date, 187 states have signed the Treaty and 178 countries have ratified it. The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation was established in New York on 19 November 1996 at the first Meeting of States Signatories to the Treaty for the purpose of carrying out the necessary preparations for the effective implementation of the Treaty, in particular to monitor and verify compliance with and detect the proliferation of nuclear weapons. ▫ In 1997, the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) was formed. The CTBT has been ratified by 76 States, including three nuclear-weapon States: Russia, the United Kingdom, and France. Of the remaining eight countries, three have not signed the Treaty: India, the DPRK, and Pakistan; five have signed but not ratified: the United States, China, Egypt, Israel, and Iran. ▫ On 2 November 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law according to which the Russian Federation withdraws its ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. ▫ The International Monitoring System is an integral part of the Treaty. This is a unique global network, which, when completed, will consist of 321 monitoring stations and 16 laboratories located in 89 countries. In 1997, work on the establishment of the monitoring network commenced. Presently, approximately 90% of these 337 facilities are operational and offer a continuous stream of real-time data. The Russian segment of the IMS consists of 32 facilities.
To bad i warned them of the development over 10 years ago. Its the only thing i know Russia has that works... 2050 they use it in a massive hurricane and level the south east of America but you don't believe in reality so as your friends would say think about it...
The last time we took Russia's word on a weapon systems capability, it resulted in the F-15 which actually surpassed Russia's greatly exaggerated claims.
You can say that but Russian submarines are no joke they have been proven to be very deadly, an Indian kilo sub has taken out a US nuclear sub in a n exercise
@@yspear_ so what? a british sub took part in a Soviet exercise without them even knowing and took pictures of their "new carriers" propellers from underneath. Russia tech is decades behind.
@yspear_ Some would argue that there is greater training value in losing and that the US deliberately does so during war games. As a former Boomer sailor, I can say they must not be underestimated, but in my time, most of their sub tech was based on stolen US tech. Stuff we already had. Considering the conflict in Ukraine with their mixed bag establishing technological supremacy, their best bet is their typical "smother the enemy in bodies" tactics. In this case, it will be UAV's, but it remains that precision and finesse have never been their strong points. Modern Aegis systems might have something to say about this, too
Super cavitation is really loud, so it wouldn’t go undetected. You basically boil the water infront of you to create a bubble of steam, witch gives you much less drag than water. Behind you, the steam cools down and turns into water, collapsing the bubble. Steam has a much bigger volume than water, so the expansion creates a shockwave infront of you and the collapse behind you creates another. That’s loud unless you find a way of having the two waves canceling out.
It's not supercavatating at all, that's a different Russian weapon. The Poseidon drone has a near silent pump jet, nuclear powered with unlimited range.
crazy I wish I had dived deeper into super cavitation at first I thought it was just a pocked of air bubbles around the torpedo . what you're describing sounds nuts
My wife worked with the millitary and she visited a base in Scotland just after the kursk was lost and she was surprised that they had a model of the sub with a small memorial next to it she asked about it and the sgt said we feel sorry because they where sailor's and they were just doing there job .....we used to followed them everywhere.! Not so secretive as they think 🤔
I am going to assume there Submarine is junk just like all their other Technology. If you Learned anything from ukraine. Russia's military is nowhere near on par with the united states. I'll give him their jamming technology. It works so good they jam their own military into being totally ineffective lmao.
Yup. No matter the sides, there's a lot of camaraderie that transcends borders. Also, i sometimes wonder if all nuclear subs operate in a giant conga line in the oceans, all sneakily following and spying on the one in front... 😂😂😂
No doubt this mammoth submarine has been built and is operating according to the highest Russian standards. Just like the Moskva and the Admiral Kuznetzov. I'm sure it's a hugely dangerous vessel - to its own crew.
@ibrahimmoncada2710you seem to have a history of pushing Russian propaganda. Are you the Ibrahim that Ukrainians are warning about? The one who’s going to take all the married Russian women while their men are away at war? 🤣
Yeah, when he mentioned it in the video I was confused for a second and thought: "Just north of Moscow? Wouldn't it be an absolute nightmare to get large ships and submarines constructed there to the sea? Why would they have their shipyard there, that's so dump."
Regarding the tsunami claim, it's worth remembering that the Halifax Tsunami of 1917 was caused by 2.9 kilotons of munitions going off accidentally in the Halifax harbor after a munitions ship collided with a relief ship. The tsunami was 18 meters above the high water mark. A nuclear torpedo absolutely could cause such a tsunami, though it would likely not be as massive as claimed.
As with that explosion (the 18m part was nearest to shore), you'd have to do it in shallow water, at which point the blast itself far outreaches any tsunami you can create since there is insufficient water available to matter (and most of it is vaporized). Remember that it takes about a 10-100 gigatons (3 to 4 order of magnitude more) to create any decent tsunami event in deep water, aka a massive earthquake.
Sadly most people have no real idea how nuclear explosion work and also have understanding problem of simple description. There is claim about making nuclear tsunami. So the water waves would be high for sure taking under consideration how big this torpedo is. But mostly it would generate huge shockwave that certainly would waste costal cities and naval bases without issue. And since it would be fired from huge distance then no ,sub itself wouldn't be damaged.
You need to consider some basic math here... The 'Tsar Bomba' that was detonated by Russia in 1961 was 50mt. Let us say for a moment that a Russia is only using a 50mt nuke and detonated it underwater at a depth of 600-800 meters. Do you not think that's not going to create a massive tsunami? That would push 'at least' 350 billion metric tons of water skyward. So yes, that would 100% absolutely produce a very large tsunami and furthermore, it would be moving at a much greater speed than a normal tsunami.
One thing that immediately come to mind, is the Poseidon torpedo is able to operate in such an independent mode, then they could operate from ANY ship or from a shore base and the massive Belgorod mother ship would not be required or even desired.
It gives uncertainty. Sure you can put it on ship or in building, but one can closely monitor said ship or building 24/7 and know how many torpedoes are there and if one was launched. With mothership - it would go underwater and maybe drop some during it's long patrol. So preemptive or false flag strike on ship or building could end such threat, but strike on mothership open you to the possibility that some nukes chilling near ocean floor would activate at unknown time and attack unknown target. But Russia certainly has at least one regular ship capable of launching and recovering Poseidon.
America could see everything in the ocean during the cold War using elf/ extreme low frequency I would sure imagine by now they have more advanced systems to watch the ocen by means of satellites. This guy has no clue saying we don't know where this stuff is America knows all!
The sub offers second strike capability. That is very important for a country which has a second strike doctrine and therefore is unlikely to fire its nukes first. And it's multipurpose. it will likely never be used in an actual nucular war. But it will surely be used for some spying and maybe even the classic special military operation (no, not that one). Today's Russia isn't the Soviet Union. Today everything is multipurpose. Just carrying nukes for a war that is unlikely to actually happen doesn't cut it anymore. Whether the sub itself is actually operational though... who knows. It's still one of the most corrupt countries on earth.
At the same time Russia claims it uses Glonass to navigate that mode..... Yeah, Glonass, their dollar store GPS immitation that's inaccurate, near-useless in the southern hemisphere, doesn't work deep underwater and makes anything using it on the surface or shallowly, fairly easy to track and even easier to disrupt. Not to mention slapping a couple satelites out the sky would cripple the Poseidon immediatly in that case.
"It's laying off the coast of one of our largest cities and listening to our rock n roll, while it conducts missile drills, and when it is finished the only sound we will hear is their laughter. After this they sail to Havana where the weather is warm and so is the comradeship."
From what i've been seeing, most of these high-tech showcases are too difficult and expensive to manage multiples of. Their damn black sea flagship had its defense system partially stripped for parts and most of its defenses couldn't be turned on at the same time. There's a lot of keeping up appearances involved.
Yeah the Moskva had the issue where when the radar was on you couldn’t use your radio, so you had to choose between comms and knowing if there was missiles coming at you. And only one of its CIWS was working
Moskva was also a relic of the 70s, it was built as a cheaper alternative to the ultra expensive and highly problematic Kirov battlecruiser. The Kirovs have spent more time in port being fixed than actually underway and they were built in the late 70s/early 80s, and have the laughable distinction of being a nuclear powered cruiser that has such a weak reactor that it has gas turbine engines to provide additional power and can only manage 15kts under nuclear power and 30kts under both nuclear and gas turbine power, while burning fuel at an insane rate and creating a distinctive black smoke cloud it's the "nuclear ship that smokes"
@@mrvwbug4423 Moskwa entered service in 1982 and was comprehensively modernised just two years before it was sunk. The thing was a pile of junk despite the Russian gouvernment spending a ton of money on it - that only ever made it to summer houses and luxury cars.
We got one too for a seal team. A modified torpedo tube launches a submersible that can tamper with undersea cables and can also be used to put seals behind enemy lines.
He said "I can only imagine this is where the catchy song Baby Shark came from which a weapon of mass destruction on its own" while keeping a poker face.
Very interesting video and great delivery. You've come a long way and I like that you're not using any odd inflections in this vidoe, like you have in many previous videos. Keep up the good wrok and do more videos like this where you speak in a normal conversational tone without any odd inflections in your voice.
@Telemachus. I don't know, not 100%. Given recent history however, it's a pretty fair assumption that Russia's fanciful claims about their super secret, mega hitech, ultra deadly weaponry are more than a little overblown. It's just not possible to take them seriously anymore when it comes to this sort of thing. They can't even keep the *_flagship_* of the entire Russian Navy afloat, but they've got enough spare cash and skilled scientific/engineering manpower available to build a mini fleet of autonomous, nuclear powered, doomsday torpedoes? No way. A decade or so ago, this would have seemed quite scary. Not anymore. Now, it just looks like a desperate bluff, hidden behind an incompetent smoke and mirror show.
Dude your graphics are my favorite reminds me of want me and my some of my class mates used to do for our journalism class. Deliver serious info in the corniest way possible. Hilarious thanks for the videos. Somehow your humor tamps down my ex”T”istential doom fear. Thank you for your work good stuff.
This is very good, and most importantly, it is important that Westerners think what a bad weapon Russia has! It's not in Iraq to "fight" with a bunch of people with machine guns :) Keep up the good work :)
It's just your dream. You hate Russia and it makes your soul sick. So, you try to tell bad things about Russia and its weapons . So, it makes you calm. But your country is going down. YOu'll see.
The Poseidon is also supposed to use a cobalt salted nuke, essentially acting as a radiological second-strike to render port cities uninhabitable to 100 years or so.
@@dananorth895 What especially f-d up is the nuclear powered cruise missile they are supposedly trying to develop. How irresponsible to you have to be to design a flying nuclear reactor. The US played around with the idea in the 50s and realized how insane it was.
I can see it now....... A russian built, three decade old, nuclear powered, nuclear armed submarine operated by conscripts from a nearby prison. What could possibly go wrong?
YOu lie, pichka. It's not 3 decades old. Its the most modern sub on earth. And RUssian submarines never use conscripts. only professional contractors. IF you want it can checked on your country.
Russia: Let's build one really big sub that could be taken out by a single torpedo or self-inflicted accident instead of 3-4 smaller specialized subs that are harder to track. Great idea!
It's one of the main reasons I come to the comments section of UA-cam. To listen to hilarious arrogant ignorance spewing from the mouths of these worshippers of Western military tech. Obviously no military machine built outside the West ever works.
This may have been said… Why do you need a sub when the Poseidon can travel 10k miles. Especially, if the torpedo can be recalled and return on its own. Why not just drop the sub in the water and let it go.
Torpedo's* more than 1. Named Poseidon and last I checked, Russia produced a rather powerful 'bomba' in 1961. I would have to assume they can still produce this size of a bomb.
I am getting Hunt for Red October 2 Vibes right now! Submarine warfare is fascinating to study. Whether or not Russia has this capability, it's just fun to study and talk about it. Thanks for another educational video Capy!
Thank you for being, 1 of just 6 people who have common sense and doesn't just throw out his or her personal opinions as if they are facts....I love you lol
If the torpedo is nuclear powered with 7 months endurance and uses AI, why does it need to be launched from a submarine at all? Couldn't they just treat it as an unmanned submersible in its own right and just lauch it from a shipyard? Then size wouldn't be an issue and only having 1 sub that can launch them wouldnt be either. It seems more kamikaze unmanned sub than torpedo anyway.
Belograd has been in construction since 90s - same class as Kursk. It had gone through numerous redesgins to 949AM variant and now is rough analogue of US SSN-23 Jimmy Carter :specialized boat built on regular design of combat vessel. PS: on thumbnail there's 941 - Typhoon.
You lie. USA does not have anything similar to Oskar-II Russian subs. Belgorod just looks similar but some is compleltely new , even nuclear reactor is different.
@@AlexanderTch the ohio class SSGN does the exact same thing as the belgorod was designed to before the collapse of the soviet union as for after its redesign all it really does is be a mothership for smaller subs/torps something the jimmy carter is also able to do though on a smaller scale. The reality is the west has no need of that kind of capability because unlike Russia we rule the worlds oceans with surface fleets and have large enough fleets of boomers to have a continuous SSBN deterrent.
@@leojohn1615 You lie, or you don't know simple things. Ohio class is strategic intercontinental ballsistic missiles carrier. It's counterpart of Russian Delta-IV and Delta-III subs. Ohio are not intentended to do anti -ship strikes. Belgorod is Oskar-II class sub. It does not carry any strategic missiles. It carried 24 ! long range heavy anti ship missiles. So, they are supposed to destroy american ships, first of all aicrfaft-carrying groups. So, it was intended for naval battles, not for nuclear strikes. Ohio class was designed in 70s, ancient sub, and due to lack of finances and engineers to build something new, Americans try to update to for other tasks, with no big success. Don't worry, Russia also has subs that are mother ships for tiny submarines. Programs are very classified like those about subs with very deep diving abilities.
@@AlexanderTch while yes the Ohio class were originally designed as SSBNs to carry nuclear missiles the first four were refitted to carry tomahawk cruise missiles. While tomahawks are mostly designed to hit land based targets the block Va version is capable of anti ship targeting. Not to mention the Virginia class subs which all carry VLS tubes fitted with tomahawk missiles. As for the age of the Ohio class subs they may be old but they are still substantially quieter than most boats.
@@leojohn1615. For perspective... the ohio class subs are so quiet, they are literally a hole in the water. They are quieter than the ambient noise around them. They can literally cruise off the side of the best Russian sub and they would never know they were there. Been done. They are the Raptor of the water. No one, NO other sub even comes close.
Thank you for your work! Now let's get down to the comments and get expert opinions on submarines and battle torpedoes. It's amazing how many of them there are!
The Russian decisions are reminiscent of Nazi Germany’s fixation with super weapons late in WW2. The hope was that these weapons would be so devastating that they would force their enemies to sue for peace. They made some ground breaking advancements with V2 rockets, jet aircraft etc but the weapons were too late and too few in number to have an impact.
Ага, только у России больше всего ядерного оружия и пипец приходит Украине. A США проигрывают стратегическую гонку Китаю. А так всё хорошо, прекрасная Маркиза
@@tarilyaone could have the most Kalashnikovs as well, but with no firing pins, they're useless! Tritium needs regular replacement, solid fuel has a shelf life, all things that require funding, and then oversight to see that funding goes where it's supposed to, corruption is the first enemy Russia needs to defeat before it has a chance anywhere else lol
@@tarilyafirst of all, Russia lost any race anyway, it will be dominated by China. If China will be the world dominating power? We will see, doubt it so.
Well Germany actually built some of those weapons, V-1, V-2, Me-262,... These three weapons became three different powerful branches, Cruise missiles, Ballistic missiles and Jet Fighters.
Poseidon was vranyo. That is the Russian word for when Russians tell you a lie and they know that you know they're lying. It's kind of like Eskimos having multiple words for snow.
@@macmcleod1188agreed. Russians are having an egg shortage, how do they expect to build high tech weapons when they can’t even figure out how to source chicken feed?
@@macmcleod1188 it's "vranyo," and while you're not wrong, it's an incomplete definition. Vranyo is: I'm lying, you know it, I know you know it, we both know this is bullshit *but you will* engage with it and nod along as if it is for real. Edit: a more succinct definition is "mutually cooperative horseshit" - it requires both parties to genuinely engage in the same fairy tale, both knowing it is nonsense.
@@TKUA11 the egg Market is really weird right now. We found that the major Western egg companies were colluding on prices and ripping us off the tune of 25% higher prices and claiming it was inflation when it was just excess profits.
I would think the Poseidon torpedoes have to surface on occasion to get positioning from the Glonass system, or at least trail an antenna on the ocean surface. Not very stealthy at all.
Iirc, Russia has developed exceptionally fast torpedoes. Most torpedoes are capable of something like 60-80 nmph, they have some that are capable of something absurd like 200 nmph with super cavitation, they're not great for taking out moving ships, but nuclear torpedoes don't have to be accurate because they have much larger yields. We had nuclear air to air missiles for shooting down whole squadrons 60+ years ago, they had a blast radius of 1/4 mile, which would knock out any aircraft within a few miles of the detonation
@@usonumabeach300 but- the super fast hyper cavitation one is dumbfire, has no guidance system, and is only really any use for firing at a task force in hope of taking carrier out if get lucky.. and the more normal but really fast ones use hydrogen peroxide as fuel- and its a bitch. They need constant maintenance or are prone to lethal malfunction.. so WELL suited to Russian navy lol.
the UK know's where every sub in the world is 24-7 seen from space,,, under ice,,,,, deep in the water,,,,, and in rough seas ... every sub everywhere all the time
Super cavitation torpedoes make a hell of a lot of noise and will very easy to pick up. Also all the noise blinds the torpedo so it can't target anything. sm
Just imagine none of the Russian engineers thought of that... and you'll even have to completely avoid listening carefully to this video to come to your conclusion too. Good job!
They dont have homing heads, or at least the verson the soviets used. It just went out a set range and set its nuke off. Newer ones Russia and Germany use have homing, but the torpedo has to slow down to get a fix and then speed back up for the attack run.
As we have all seen in Ukraine with Russian military kit, it's good on paper but in the real world it never lives up. I'm starting to think that 90% of the Russians nukes wont even make it out of their silos or subs if they were launched
@@natteft6593 many what's your point? Your comment seems to have nothing to do with my original comment. Are you hinting that the Russian military needs their diapers changed?
🎯🎯💯 bingo!! Nukes especially 30-50yr old ones need upkeep/maintenance to make sure they're still ready for use & any financing set aside for maintenance in Russia would be the first thing the oligarchs would embezzle... as evidenced by the Moskva, the Kuznetsov & all of Russia's navy. I've kinda thought this was the case since the early 2000s when all the oligarchs & their yachts started becoming noticeable... the Ukraine war has undoubtedly confirmed it
I see two guys in Moscow, smoking a doobie, saying "Yeah! That's cool man. But what if it could do x? Oh man! That would be sooo sweet.Let's say that!".
About 12:23: Russian tech is usually less precise than other tech. I'd be VERY leery of letting that torpedo loiter for 7ish months and then calling it home for refurbishment. What if it gets its wires crossed and thinks the home port is supposed to be the target? Oops...
A weapon that is only useful for attacking soft targets, and not to prevent retaliation, is largely only going to work as a first strike weapon. While it can have a deterrent role, it has no defensive justification and therefore exists only to threaten others, and further destabilizes a retaliatory stance based on launch-on-warning.
Would the ability to nuke major ports with no prior warning not be a defensive justification? I would imagine that capability alone could cripple certain fleets, provided all of the details are true of course.
@@fowlerfreak7420 If one uses a nuclear weapon defensively, and has a no first-use policy, then one should use one's nuclear weapons to prevent retaliation, for example, to take out deployed nuclear submarines or ICBM silos. Poseidon can not reach inland targets like ICBMs, and such a weapon like Poseidon is not needed to destroy the submarines in a port, and could not reach a port in time to prevent submarines from departing anyways. It's only purpose is for saber-rattling and threatening a first-strike. Such a large yield weapon is of limited use because while it is very destructive, it is not nearly as destructive as multiple small warheads, and if it was ever actually used, it would not prevent total retaliation from a largely intact nuclear triad. It has no strategic or tactical value, only destabilizes mutually assured destruction, and probably solely exists to convince Russia's people that they have some of the residual military might that has been waning since the fall of the Soviet Union.
Ok ok, im confuse now Cappy, for Poseidon's warhead, is it 100 KILOTONS??? (which is highly probable to fit on the small, nuke powered uuv) or 100 MEGATONS (designed power of TSAR BOMBA)
I once spoke to an engineer who worked on subs and he said on day one the Russian nuclear subs are very good but by year 2 there as noisy as a bag of spanner’s in a tumble dryer
@@hhkk6155 You showing you know nothing nice and plain- DE subs van be the quietest of all- they font need reactor coolant pumps running all the time, amongst other things. And tankers dont make noise 500 feet down.
@@hhkk6155 there is but subs are detected by the noise they make the idea is to make your sub as quiet as possible the problem Russia has is maintenance they do very little this causes them to be noisy
The term "Doomsday Submarine" typically refers to Russia's special purpose nuclear-powered submarines known as the Typhoon-class submarines, which were built during the Cold War era. These submarines were designed for strategic deterrence and could carry multiple intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) armed with nuclear warheads. Each Typhoon-class submarine was massive in size, one of the largest submarines ever built, and had the capability to cause catastrophic destruction with its payload of nuclear missiles. However, it's important to note that information and perceptions surrounding these submarines might vary, and the term "Doomsday Submarine" can sometimes be sensationalized in media reports. While these submarines were indeed formidable in terms of their nuclear capabilities, specific details about their current operational status, capabilities, and their exact role in Russia's current naval strategy might not be consistently available or accurately portrayed.
belgorod is a ''borey class sub'' and not ''typhoon class ,just like the new Emperor Alexander III and Krasnoyarsk subs that enterd service YESTERDAY..... just saying
Exactly. As impressive as their theoretical, day one abilities may (MAY) have been, we know with Russia, the longer they have a system, the more its going to be neglected, and more a danger to their crew and military budget than to anyone else.
The last Typhoon was decommissioned earlier this year, and it had been the only one operating since the late 90s. It's a huge boat and is probably the best sub the Russians ever built, but actually carried less missiles than the Ohio class (21 vs 24). Their newest SSBN is the Borei class which went into service in 2016, they're a quick & dirty modification of an Akula class and share the Akula's pathetically low top speed and very dated performance, they also only carry 16 missiles, they'd be sitting ducks for any US attack sub, and they'd be hard pressed to even detect a Seawolf or Virginia.
@@asatechnics8363 Incorrect, the Belgorad is a heavily modified Oscar II class. The Borei is a SSBN that is a heavily modified Akula class. The Belgorad and Oscar IIs run circles around the Boreis.
If all they missiles were radar capable, why designate only one as leader and the rest follow. Won't it be better networked but with individual scanning? Weird. Having one offensive player just means the other side only need to focus on the one sub.
@@killman369547 we know exactly where this sub is and what it is doing at all times. We have defense systems that can handle hundreds of such warheads launched at once. This isn’t insurgents in a cave. This is exactly what we’re prepared to deal with.
@@Matt-xc6sp remember when the soviets manage to take a picture of the liberty statue from their sub in the cold war?, i dont think you are safe from the nuke chief
@@Suckmabalzz “the liberty statute” Condolences on you not being American lol Also fat lot of good it did them. Really gave the soviets a leg up and helped them win the Cold War. Wait. We won that one.
Even America or any other technologically advanced Western country would have trouble making a weapon like Poseidon reliable enough to be effective. Does anyone out there REALLY believe those Vodka swilling potato munchers could possibly achieve such a feat? 🙄
You don't know much about engineering schools in the USSR and Russia. In the 90s, Intel hired many processor development specialists from the USSR. Only after that, Intel was able to create a reliable multi-core processor at home. But similar processors were previously installed on Soviet aircraft in the 80s.
@strokyuriy1246 In the West these things are much more organised, and a greater variety of ideas and people skills are used in developing technology. This is a direct result of greater freedom in Western society. Do you really think the Russians are so clever that the West have to rely on them for brain power?...If that was the case Russia would be ahead in EVERY field of technology. As you well know they are not. Careful what you believe. 🤷♂️
there was a western documentary on russian rocket engines,the design of which the USA had tried to make it work but couldnt.But the russians had made it work,think it was a closed loop system and russian scientists/engineers had built the engine for a later US rocket that was sent to space.
Are you taking the piss? 10 years or so after the KGB stole the A-bomb plans from the US the Russians were ahead, working on and detonated a deployable 50MT+ triple stage hydrogen bomb.
@rorynesta7766 Look at the Saturn rockets developed for the Apollo moon missions. Their giant F-1 engines took alot of time and testing to get right. To this day it remains the largest and most reliable liquid propellant, combustion chamber rocket engine ever! The Russians at the time were desperately trying to get their ridiculous multi engined N1 moon rocket going, having nothing but failures. Some of the resulting explosions during testing were the largest conventional (non nuclear) ones in history!
My concern is that with the sorts of range the Poseidon has, is a submarine deployment platform strictly necessary? Think modified cargo ships and tankers. A straight down dive prior to engaging propulsion systems is a disturbing concept, and very possible. Kind of like spawning salmon that return home from where ever. Soooo, where are they now?
Nuclear weapons launched from submarines give effectively zero warning or time to respond or defend. If a nuke is launched at DC from 200 miles offshore, they have literal seconds. This is why they're a part of the US nuclear triad (land launched ICBMs, nuclear submarines, and bombers). Russia and China have a 4th method: truck launched systems.
You have to justify your massive expensive military projects by shoehorning new capabilities There also might be political issues hiding nuclear weapons in civilian ships
@@daniel_dumile Russia only has 1 of these is because, Russia can't even afford to have 1 of these lol. Let alone afford to properly maintain just 1. Haha. Also...Russian subs are notoriously dangerous because Russia doesn't not properly maintain their military equipment...as we're seeing now with with Russian equipment in Ukraine. Blows my mind how some people claim that Russian military equipment is so great when Russia can't even defeat Ukraine lol.Yes, Ukraine is getting military equipment from NATO, but....Russia has their equipment that they have that was intended to defeat NATO/US military equipment....and Russia has failed on a MASSIVE level.
@@nexpro6118 dude, Russia has been financially crippled and controlled by IMF (aka USA) since 2000 so it didn't have any resources to spend on the modern weaponry. It's a miracle they saved nukes and even produced several hypersonic solutions. Now, thanks to the sanctions, Russia broke out of the cage. You can see it even in Ukraine when Russia started very poorly because of the above mentioned reasons but now it dominates the field draining out NATO's resources and capabilities. I do not know what's going to happen but the next several years are going to be very interesting to watch Russia's development.
The biggest flaw in their claim for their Poseidon "doomsday torpedo" was how much they said the yield of the warhead was. 100 megatons is the equivalent of the Tsar Bomba, which weighed 27 tons. The poseidon is not big enough to carry that kind of weight and all of the equipment it needs for its promised capability, and even then it would grossly overweigh the submarine built to launch it and the torpedo itself. I don't think the Poseidon was built to even exist, the "prototype" just a Qahar-313 equivalent (in other words, a prop piece with basic functionality purely created for media purposes). Edit: Also forgot to mention that supercavitating torpedoes exist. The first one, the VA-111 "Shkval", was developed in the 1960s and first fielded in 1977. They are loud, and probably sound like a screech on hydroacoustic sensors because of the way supercavitation is achieved.
16:16 crazy thing about the sinking of losharik sub was that out of 14 crew members 7 were captain first rank one was lt. colonel and all others were at least captain. Like what kind of crew is that 100% top rank officers, not a single seaman. Also losharik doesn't mean small shark, it's a reference to a soviet cartoon about a horse made of balloons. Sharik means balloon and this sub was a bunch of steel spheres daisy-chained together.
Given the Russian's penchant for grossly overstating their weapons capabilities, I would not be surprised if the nuclear torpedo would end up being a coal-fired tugboat with a max speed of about 10 knots towing a barge with a nuclear warhead duct-taped to it.
Well, i think a torpedo has limited range no matter how big it is. Once a super sized nuclear torpedo was launched and denotated, wouldn't that submarine be affected by the blast/percussive effects/waves etc and most likely overcome by it thus ending its career as a submarine, transitioning into a new coral reef?
@@StretchMedia Cactuses for you John!!! You can be convinced in anything, including any anti-Russian sick Gobels fantasies that has no connection to reality.
dude ... the poseidon is nuclear powerd ''small nuclear reactor'' .... so it has a REALLY difrent range then a regular torpedo ..... can you research before you speculate ? you liberals tend to speculate a LOT about what you know nothing about .-. i guess that your internet only has the youtube comment section ....
From my experience, Russia doesn't "leak" anything unintentionally. Putin was KGB and then FSB, so I will always stand by that we only know what Russia allows us to know about their military capabilities.
I love how Russia acts like they’ve just come up with these great ideas like a nuclear powered torpedo or cruise missile. The tech is like 70 years old
and yet your so called more nuclear advanced country are still relying on russia for its uranium lmao, look at rusatom and see why the west are not putting a ban on russian uranium.
@@John-hu9qg Lol, are they though? They can’t afford to keep tires on their jets or trucks, or buy body armor for their soldiers. I seriously doubt their shipyards and sub pens are in any better shape than the rest of their military. We’ve all seen that they aren’t even a paper tiger. They are more like a kitten made of dust bunnies.
If the Poseidon is coming from the Murmansk area, as you show, it will be passing directly over the SOSUS sonar detection grid between Greenland, Iceland and the UK. Anything that big with a noisy Russian nuclear reactor onboard will be detected hundreds of miles away even if it's moving slowly.
So basically 28 minutes of telling us that they’re not quite there yet, but they have things that are right on the cusp of being the most dangerous and undetectable weapons in the world, and this video is to make us feel better.
After reading some of the comments I astimate the average age of subscribers must be somewhere around 13 or 14 years. Click on those names randomly and you'll find game channels and less than 70 IQ "celebrities" they follow... it is what it is.
go watch Aaron Amick over at Sub Brief, he has a whole dedicated video put out 3 years ago about Belgorod. Also H.I Sutton over at Covert Shores has tons of information on belgorod... Task and Purpose is a few years late to this party.
The best part is, all the jobs that are building and maintaining all of the projects to beat the other projects. We can’t beat Cancer, ALS, or Dementia, but we can make a lot stuff that ends up in a desert in 30 years.
Super-cavitating torpedoes would be very difficult to develop for most applications because the high speed does not allow for any sonar guidance, until and unless it slows down. The assumed application would be nuclear warhead, ie precision not required.
The U.S. Mark 48 torpedo is given initial course and speed of a target but, periodically slows to do a search and confirm the original data. If it finds the target far off the predicted position, it commences to do an active search and recalculate a new predicted position. Eventually, it gets close enough to the target hull that its active sonar will get solid returns at high speed. Then it goes in for the kill.
We’re also going to ignore that super cavitations torpedos work by forming a bubble around the torpedo meaning virtually no guidance. Super fast but short range and for why? A a 50 knot torpedo that can chase down a vessel for 30-40 minutes is just much more useful. As for nuclear delivery, we have SLBMS for that. The only useful nuclear torpedo is the Poseidon.
Russia: We have this extremely deadly new weapon that can take out anything!!! Me, very unimpressed after hearing about Russian "Wonder Weapons" that aren't since the 80's: Cool.......so you want to hang out and get lunch today? We could get shawarma.
THIS IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO WIN!
go.getenteredtowin.com/taskandpurpose
DEADLINE to ENTER is TONIGHT12/10/23 @ 11:59pm (PST)
Keep it up Cappy.
you state that russia just left the nuclear treaty yet it was the USA who did it first and then Russia followed. its like bioweapons the USA funded sars2 and then it gets released during the world mil peace games in wuhan in oct 2019.
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty adopted to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects.
▫ The main instrument for stopping nuclear weapons tests is the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 September 1996.
The Treaty was opened for signature in New York (USA) on 24 September 1996. To date, 187 states have signed the Treaty and 178 countries have ratified it. The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation was established in New York on 19 November 1996 at the first Meeting of States Signatories to the Treaty for the purpose of carrying out the necessary preparations for the effective implementation of the Treaty, in particular to monitor and verify compliance with and detect the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
▫ In 1997, the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) was formed. The CTBT has been ratified by 76 States, including three nuclear-weapon States: Russia, the United Kingdom, and France. Of the remaining eight countries, three have not signed the Treaty: India, the DPRK, and Pakistan; five have signed but not ratified: the United States, China, Egypt, Israel, and Iran.
▫ On 2 November 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law according to which the Russian Federation withdraws its ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
▫ The International Monitoring System is an integral part of the Treaty. This is a unique global network, which, when completed, will consist of 321 monitoring stations and 16 laboratories located in 89 countries. In 1997, work on the establishment of the monitoring network commenced. Presently, approximately 90% of these 337 facilities are operational and offer a continuous stream of real-time data. The Russian segment of the IMS consists of 32 facilities.
To bad i warned them of the development over 10 years ago. Its the only thing i know Russia has that works... 2050 they use it in a massive hurricane and level the south east of America but you don't believe in reality so as your friends would say think about it...
The last time we took Russia's word on a weapon systems capability, it resulted in the F-15 which actually surpassed Russia's greatly exaggerated claims.
As long as average NATO trooper fears the war, this weapon is working perfectly as intended.
You can say that but Russian submarines are no joke they have been proven to be very deadly, an Indian kilo sub has taken out a US nuclear sub in a n exercise
@@yspear_ so what? a british sub took part in a Soviet exercise without them even knowing and took pictures of their "new carriers" propellers from underneath. Russia tech is decades behind.
thats not the last time lol, you exaggerated it
@yspear_ Some would argue that there is greater training value in losing and that the US deliberately does so during war games. As a former Boomer sailor, I can say they must not be underestimated, but in my time, most of their sub tech was based on stolen US tech. Stuff we already had. Considering the conflict in Ukraine with their mixed bag establishing technological supremacy, their best bet is their typical "smother the enemy in bodies" tactics. In this case, it will be UAV's, but it remains that precision and finesse have never been their strong points. Modern Aegis systems might have something to say about this, too
Super cavitation is really loud, so it wouldn’t go undetected. You basically boil the water infront of you to create a bubble of steam, witch gives you much less drag than water. Behind you, the steam cools down and turns into water, collapsing the bubble.
Steam has a much bigger volume than water, so the expansion creates a shockwave infront of you and the collapse behind you creates another. That’s loud unless you find a way of having the two waves canceling out.
It's not supercavatating at all, that's a different Russian weapon. The Poseidon drone has a near silent pump jet, nuclear powered with unlimited range.
@@John-hu9qgOr, so they say. Showing a diagram of a torpedo on TV is not even close to the same as fielding a functional weapon.
crazy I wish I had dived deeper into super cavitation at first I thought it was just a pocked of air bubbles around the torpedo . what you're describing sounds nuts
@@Taskandpurpose Its mostly just meant to make the torpedo go really fast.
You better watch out man, those Russian bots are going to seethe and grumble. Might even throw In some whataboutisms and the west this America that
If you know where a submarine is, then it's not doing it's job.
It probably wants you to know it’s there
My wife worked with the millitary and she visited a base in Scotland just after the kursk was lost and she was surprised that they had a model of the sub with a small memorial next to it she asked about it and the sgt said we feel sorry because they where sailor's and they were just doing there job .....we used to followed them everywhere.! Not so secretive as they think 🤔
I am going to assume there Submarine is junk just like all their other Technology. If you Learned anything from ukraine. Russia's military is nowhere near on par with the united states. I'll give him their jamming technology. It works so good they jam their own military into being totally ineffective lmao.
Yup. No matter the sides, there's a lot of camaraderie that transcends borders. Also, i sometimes wonder if all nuclear subs operate in a giant conga line in the oceans, all sneakily following and spying on the one in front... 😂😂😂
@@theemissary1313Russki season. Neit! Yankee season.
Both sides had nuclear submarine tragedies. Its not something that sailors are ever happy at hearing about.
@@jamesgornall5731 majority os there for the pay cheque, none of us wants to fight, ok maybe on play station online but thats it.
No doubt this mammoth submarine has been built and is operating according to the highest Russian standards. Just like the Moskva and the Admiral Kuznetzov. I'm sure it's a hugely dangerous vessel - to its own crew.
😂😂
@ibrahimmoncada2710 😂😂 We all know you love Hamas submarines.
Don’t forget the Kursk submarine. As Putin answered “it sank” 😏 with a smirk
@ibrahimmoncada2710you seem to have a history of pushing Russian propaganda. Are you the Ibrahim that Ukrainians are warning about? The one who’s going to take all the married Russian women while their men are away at war? 🤣
🤣😂🤣
haha,, you know your number three piston is knocking right?"
- the habital line crosser
5:07 "Just north of Moscow".... you know that's 600 miles, right?
Considering how big Russia is 600 miles isn't too far
Yeah, when he mentioned it in the video I was confused for a second and thought: "Just north of Moscow? Wouldn't it be an absolute nightmare to get large ships and submarines constructed there to the sea? Why would they have their shipyard there, that's so dump."
@@jesusmaryandjoseph6 considering how big America is 600 isnt to far.
"Sounds like a Tom Clancy novel I would read half of" 😂😂😂😂😂
Adhd in one sentence
Regarding the tsunami claim, it's worth remembering that the Halifax Tsunami of 1917 was caused by 2.9 kilotons of munitions going off accidentally in the Halifax harbor after a munitions ship collided with a relief ship. The tsunami was 18 meters above the high water mark. A nuclear torpedo absolutely could cause such a tsunami, though it would likely not be as massive as claimed.
As with that explosion (the 18m part was nearest to shore), you'd have to do it in shallow water, at which point the blast itself far outreaches any tsunami you can create since there is insufficient water available to matter (and most of it is vaporized). Remember that it takes about a 10-100 gigatons (3 to 4 order of magnitude more) to create any decent tsunami event in deep water, aka a massive earthquake.
Well if they were to launch a tsunami, they would be hit by it as well they have alot of coastline right there too. Soo there that...
@@timothyhosek3551 Thats false
Sadly most people have no real idea how nuclear explosion work and also have understanding problem of simple description. There is claim about making nuclear tsunami. So the water waves would be high for sure taking under consideration how big this torpedo is. But mostly it would generate huge shockwave that certainly would waste costal cities and naval bases without issue. And since it would be fired from huge distance then no ,sub itself wouldn't be damaged.
You need to consider some basic math here...
The 'Tsar Bomba' that was detonated by Russia in 1961 was 50mt.
Let us say for a moment that a Russia is only using a 50mt nuke and detonated it underwater at a depth of 600-800 meters.
Do you not think that's not going to create a massive tsunami? That would push 'at least' 350 billion metric tons of water skyward. So yes, that would 100% absolutely produce a very large tsunami and furthermore, it would be moving at a much greater speed than a normal tsunami.
One thing that immediately come to mind, is the Poseidon torpedo is able to operate in such an independent mode, then they could operate from ANY ship or from a shore base and the massive Belgorod mother ship would not be required or even desired.
It gives uncertainty. Sure you can put it on ship or in building, but one can closely monitor said ship or building 24/7 and know how many torpedoes are there and if one was launched. With mothership - it would go underwater and maybe drop some during it's long patrol.
So preemptive or false flag strike on ship or building could end such threat, but strike on mothership open you to the possibility that some nukes chilling near ocean floor would activate at unknown time and attack unknown target.
But Russia certainly has at least one regular ship capable of launching and recovering Poseidon.
America could see everything in the ocean during the cold War using elf/ extreme low frequency
I would sure imagine by now they have more advanced systems to watch the ocen by means of satellites. This guy has no clue saying we don't know where this stuff is America knows all!
The sub offers second strike capability. That is very important for a country which has a second strike doctrine and therefore is unlikely to fire its nukes first.
And it's multipurpose. it will likely never be used in an actual nucular war. But it will surely be used for some spying and maybe even the classic special military operation (no, not that one).
Today's Russia isn't the Soviet Union. Today everything is multipurpose. Just carrying nukes for a war that is unlikely to actually happen doesn't cut it anymore.
Whether the sub itself is actually operational though... who knows. It's still one of the most corrupt countries on earth.
At the same time Russia claims it uses Glonass to navigate that mode..... Yeah, Glonass, their dollar store GPS immitation that's inaccurate, near-useless in the southern hemisphere, doesn't work deep underwater and makes anything using it on the surface or shallowly, fairly easy to track and even easier to disrupt.
Not to mention slapping a couple satelites out the sky would cripple the Poseidon immediatly in that case.
@@nvelsen1975you don't need to be very accurate for a nuclear attack.
“Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake.”
"It's laying off the coast of one of our largest cities and listening to our rock n roll, while it conducts missile drills, and when it is finished the only sound we will hear is their laughter. After this they sail to Havana where the weather is warm and so is the comradeship."
They'll probably make sure they don't appoint a renegade Lithuanian captain (especially if he has a Scottish accent)!
Captain Ramius: Hey, Ryan, be careful what you shoot at. Most things in here don't react too well to bullets.
"I have to be careful at what **I** shoot at?!"
Where is the sub...?
It's hiding in a river, in Maine.
From what i've been seeing, most of these high-tech showcases are too difficult and expensive to manage multiples of. Their damn black sea flagship had its defense system partially stripped for parts and most of its defenses couldn't be turned on at the same time. There's a lot of keeping up appearances involved.
Don't have enough to do to much with them.
Yeah the Moskva had the issue where when the radar was on you couldn’t use your radio, so you had to choose between comms and knowing if there was missiles coming at you. And only one of its CIWS was working
Moskva was also a relic of the 70s, it was built as a cheaper alternative to the ultra expensive and highly problematic Kirov battlecruiser. The Kirovs have spent more time in port being fixed than actually underway and they were built in the late 70s/early 80s, and have the laughable distinction of being a nuclear powered cruiser that has such a weak reactor that it has gas turbine engines to provide additional power and can only manage 15kts under nuclear power and 30kts under both nuclear and gas turbine power, while burning fuel at an insane rate and creating a distinctive black smoke cloud it's the "nuclear ship that smokes"
@@mrvwbug4423
Moskwa entered service in 1982 and was comprehensively modernised just two years before it was sunk.
The thing was a pile of junk despite the Russian gouvernment spending a ton of money on it - that only ever made it to summer houses and luxury cars.
“Each the size of a school bus”
My brain: wow that’s a lot of children…
I like the concept of a sub mothership though.
We got one too for a seal team. A modified torpedo tube launches a submersible that can tamper with undersea cables and can also be used to put seals behind enemy lines.
@@pierredelecto7069or plant demo charges on pipelines where the president totally doesn’t brag about it months before it blows.
We already have one
He said "I can only imagine this is where the catchy song Baby Shark came from which a weapon of mass destruction on its own" while keeping a poker face.
Very interesting video and great delivery. You've come a long way and I like that you're not using any odd inflections in this vidoe, like you have in many previous videos. Keep up the good wrok and do more videos like this where you speak in a normal conversational tone without any odd inflections in your voice.
This torpedo should be called the Tolstoy, because it's a complete work of fiction presented as fact.
Well if Physics is fiction then yeah
@@dakwaktongnan7618
No, not physics, just the torpedo.
It doesn't exist.
You can tell a russian is lying by the fact that they are talking
@@stickiedmin6508how do you know
@Telemachus.
I don't know, not 100%.
Given recent history however, it's a pretty fair assumption that Russia's fanciful claims about their super secret, mega hitech, ultra deadly weaponry are more than a little overblown.
It's just not possible to take them seriously anymore when it comes to this sort of thing. They can't even keep the *_flagship_* of the entire Russian Navy afloat, but they've got enough spare cash and skilled scientific/engineering manpower available to build a mini fleet of autonomous, nuclear powered, doomsday torpedoes?
No way.
A decade or so ago, this would have seemed quite scary. Not anymore.
Now, it just looks like a desperate bluff, hidden behind an incompetent smoke and mirror show.
Dude your graphics are my favorite reminds me of want me and my some of my class mates used to do for our journalism class. Deliver serious info in the corniest way possible. Hilarious thanks for the videos. Somehow your humor tamps down my
ex”T”istential doom fear. Thank you for your work good stuff.
my wording is very difficult haha thank you for the kind words man I really appreciate it !
@@Taskandpurposedon’t compliment the beta male crappy, please 🙄
This is very good, and most importantly, it is important that Westerners think what a bad weapon Russia has! It's not in Iraq to "fight" with a bunch of people with machine guns :) Keep up the good work :)
Cappy churning out the content, lovin the pace
As long as he's not churning out crappy propaganda, he's doing fine.😮
@@paulheydarian1281or stealing other UA-cam scripts word for word
This thing has been tinkered on so many times by so many contractors that i would seriously question its safety.
It's just your dream. You hate Russia and it makes your soul sick. So, you try to tell bad things about Russia and its weapons . So, it makes you calm. But your country is going down. YOu'll see.
I'm wondering if they still have the same type of torpedoes on it that exploded and made the Kursk sink itself
@@NJbldragon We have different types of torpedoes, dont' worry. And types are different from that that sank US Submarine Scorpion some time ago.
@@AlexanderTch”some time ago”, lol!! You think? That was in 1968: ten years before I was born and my kid just finished law school.
UK use glue to fix subs!!!And u say this????
(1) Is it actually a fifth gen sub?
(2) Don’t worry. America knows exactly where that thing is
The Poseidon is also supposed to use a cobalt salted nuke, essentially acting as a radiological second-strike to render port cities uninhabitable to 100 years or so.
As well as everything/everyone downwind. Putie bird obviously thinks he's safe in his underground bunker "cage".
@@dananorth895 What especially f-d up is the nuclear powered cruise missile they are supposedly trying to develop. How irresponsible to you have to be to design a flying nuclear reactor. The US played around with the idea in the 50s and realized how insane it was.
I heard it's cobalt thorium g
@@spencerstevens2175 you definitely learned to love the bomb.
TASS even said it was a regular 2MT device .... totally impossible to create a 500mt tidal wave !
I can see it now....... A russian built, three decade old, nuclear powered, nuclear armed submarine operated by conscripts from a nearby prison.
What could possibly go wrong?
YOu lie, pichka. It's not 3 decades old. Its the most modern sub on earth. And RUssian submarines never use conscripts. only professional contractors. IF you want it can checked on your country.
They don't use conscripts for stuff like this, only infantry.
@@SpinoDude88 Yes, and their nuclear safety record is perfect. Just ask them.
@@AlexanderTch someone angered the vatnik bots lmao
Oh. I forgot, the idiots from which country lost atomic bombs during a normal flight in their country? I think it's the USA?
Russia: Let's build one really big sub that could be taken out by a single torpedo or self-inflicted accident instead of 3-4 smaller specialized subs that are harder to track.
Great idea!
If russias “5th gen fighters” are anything to go by (they don’t actually exist) then I doubt this exists or ever will
I just love how you title everything coming Russia as "Way worse than you think" 😂
Well, sometimes facts are a stingy thing.
It's one of the main reasons I come to the comments section of UA-cam. To listen to hilarious arrogant ignorance spewing from the mouths of these worshippers of Western military tech. Obviously no military machine built outside the West ever works.
This may have been said…
Why do you need a sub when the Poseidon can travel 10k miles. Especially, if the torpedo can be recalled and return on its own.
Why not just drop the sub in the water and let it go.
Maybe the whole project and capabilities are thus exagerated or even false...
Seeing something that big go 37mph would be nutty lol
That torpedo sounds like a wet dream just like they are the best army in the world.
Second best army in Ukraine!😂😂
O those aircraft carrier s r sitting ducks were Gona lose allthem
Torpedo's* more than 1. Named Poseidon and last I checked, Russia produced a rather powerful 'bomba' in 1961. I would have to assume they can still produce this size of a bomb.
Wait, wouldnt the poseidon's high speed cavitation thingy contradict its slow movement stealth abilities
Depends on how fast they decide to move it
Use the high speed setting for a final run. Slow speed to creep towards the target area.
@@christopherconard2831:
You do know what you speak about!
I am getting Hunt for Red October 2 Vibes right now! Submarine warfare is fascinating to study. Whether or not Russia has this capability, it's just fun to study and talk about it. Thanks for another educational video Capy!
Thank you for being, 1 of just 6 people who have common sense and doesn't just throw out his or her personal opinions as if they are facts....I love you lol
I'm getting Kursk sub vibes from it.
That was a horrible PC game
I have just spilled my tea for you, on the floor,comrade Joey.
Odds are this thing never really worked and still needs work that has been put aside because someone pocketed the money.
If the torpedo is nuclear powered with 7 months endurance and uses AI, why does it need to be launched from a submarine at all? Couldn't they just treat it as an unmanned submersible in its own right and just lauch it from a shipyard? Then size wouldn't be an issue and only having 1 sub that can launch them wouldnt be either. It seems more kamikaze unmanned sub than torpedo anyway.
i think its interesting Russia never covered up the propeller for the Belgorod like other navies do for the newest subs, i wonder why that was?
Poor OPSEC.
Because it's not a newest sub. It's a refitted older sub.
I wonder what the maintenance record looks like....
Belograd has been in construction since 90s - same class as Kursk. It had gone through numerous redesgins to 949AM variant and now is rough analogue of US SSN-23 Jimmy Carter :specialized boat built on regular design of combat vessel. PS: on thumbnail there's 941 - Typhoon.
You lie. USA does not have anything similar to Oskar-II Russian subs. Belgorod just looks similar but some is compleltely new , even nuclear reactor is different.
@@AlexanderTch the ohio class SSGN does the exact same thing as the belgorod was designed to before the collapse of the soviet union as for after its redesign all it really does is be a mothership for smaller subs/torps something the jimmy carter is also able to do though on a smaller scale. The reality is the west has no need of that kind of capability because unlike Russia we rule the worlds oceans with surface fleets and have large enough fleets of boomers to have a continuous SSBN deterrent.
@@leojohn1615 You lie, or you don't know simple things. Ohio class is strategic intercontinental ballsistic missiles carrier. It's counterpart of Russian Delta-IV and Delta-III subs.
Ohio are not intentended to do anti -ship strikes. Belgorod is Oskar-II class sub. It does not carry any strategic missiles. It carried 24 ! long range heavy anti ship missiles. So, they are supposed to destroy american ships, first of all aicrfaft-carrying groups. So, it was intended for naval battles, not for nuclear strikes.
Ohio class was designed in 70s, ancient sub, and due to lack of finances and engineers to build something new, Americans try to update to for other tasks, with no big success.
Don't worry, Russia also has subs that are mother ships for tiny submarines. Programs are very classified like those about subs with very deep diving abilities.
@@AlexanderTch while yes the Ohio class were originally designed as SSBNs to carry nuclear missiles the first four were refitted to carry tomahawk cruise missiles. While tomahawks are mostly designed to hit land based targets the block Va version is capable of anti ship targeting. Not to mention the Virginia class subs which all carry VLS tubes fitted with tomahawk missiles. As for the age of the Ohio class subs they may be old but they are still substantially quieter than most boats.
@@leojohn1615. For perspective... the ohio class subs are so quiet, they are literally a hole in the water. They are quieter than the ambient noise around them. They can literally cruise off the side of the best Russian sub and they would never know they were there. Been done. They are the Raptor of the water. No one, NO other sub even comes close.
Russia’s largest submarine is the Moskva, surely?
Thank you for your work!
Now let's get down to the comments and get expert opinions on submarines and battle torpedoes. It's amazing how many of them there are!
LMAO
The Russian decisions are reminiscent of Nazi Germany’s fixation with super weapons late in WW2. The hope was that these weapons would be so devastating that they would force their enemies to sue for peace. They made some ground breaking advancements with V2 rockets, jet aircraft etc but the weapons were too late and too few in number to have an impact.
Only russia is not nearly as technologically advanced as the no no germans were at the time compared to their adversaries.
Ага, только у России больше всего ядерного оружия и пипец приходит Украине. A США проигрывают стратегическую гонку Китаю. А так всё хорошо, прекрасная Маркиза
@@tarilyaone could have the most Kalashnikovs as well, but with no firing pins, they're useless! Tritium needs regular replacement, solid fuel has a shelf life, all things that require funding, and then oversight to see that funding goes where it's supposed to, corruption is the first enemy Russia needs to defeat before it has a chance anywhere else lol
@@tarilyafirst of all, Russia lost any race anyway, it will be dominated by China. If China will be the world dominating power? We will see, doubt it so.
Well Germany actually built some of those weapons, V-1, V-2, Me-262,... These three weapons became three different powerful branches, Cruise missiles, Ballistic missiles and Jet Fighters.
We are one step closer to the Outer Haven. Nuclear armed bipedal tanks must be a matter of time.
Yooo Metal Gear reference lets goooo
How big - YES
Stealth - Whats That
I thought Poseidon, detonated off the coast underwater, was their 'secret' weapon?
Poseidon was vranyo.
That is the Russian word for when Russians tell you a lie and they know that you know they're lying.
It's kind of like Eskimos having multiple words for snow.
@@macmcleod1188agreed. Russians are having an egg shortage, how do they expect to build high tech weapons when they can’t even figure out how to source chicken feed?
@@macmcleod1188 it's "vranyo," and while you're not wrong, it's an incomplete definition. Vranyo is: I'm lying, you know it, I know you know it, we both know this is bullshit *but you will* engage with it and nod along as if it is for real.
Edit: a more succinct definition is "mutually cooperative horseshit" - it requires both parties to genuinely engage in the same fairy tale, both knowing it is nonsense.
@@TKUA11 the egg Market is really weird right now. We found that the major Western egg companies were colluding on prices and ripping us off the tune of 25% higher prices and claiming it was inflation when it was just excess profits.
It's not secret. Who said it was secret. Putin announced it for entire globe. But of course technical details are secret and not many people know it.
I would think the Poseidon torpedoes have to surface on occasion to get positioning from the Glonass system, or at least trail an antenna on the ocean surface. Not very stealthy at all.
Iirc, Russia has developed exceptionally fast torpedoes. Most torpedoes are capable of something like 60-80 nmph, they have some that are capable of something absurd like 200 nmph with super cavitation, they're not great for taking out moving ships, but nuclear torpedoes don't have to be accurate because they have much larger yields. We had nuclear air to air missiles for shooting down whole squadrons 60+ years ago, they had a blast radius of 1/4 mile, which would knock out any aircraft within a few miles of the detonation
🤦
@@usonumabeach300 but- the super fast hyper cavitation one is dumbfire, has no guidance system, and is only really any use for firing at a task force in hope of taking carrier out if get lucky..
and the more normal but really fast ones use hydrogen peroxide as fuel- and its a bitch. They need constant maintenance or are prone to lethal malfunction..
so WELL suited to Russian navy lol.
the UK know's where every sub in the world is 24-7 seen from space,,, under ice,,,,, deep in the water,,,,, and in rough seas ... every sub everywhere all the time
Super cavitation torpedoes make a hell of a lot of noise and will very easy to pick up. Also all the noise blinds the torpedo so it can't target anything. sm
Just imagine none of the Russian engineers thought of that... and you'll even have to completely avoid listening carefully to this video to come to your conclusion too.
Good job!
They dont have homing heads, or at least the verson the soviets used. It just went out a set range and set its nuke off. Newer ones Russia and Germany use have homing, but the torpedo has to slow down to get a fix and then speed back up for the attack run.
Good to see so many nuclear defense experts in the comments section
Yep. Braggin about russian search-and-rescue special purpose sub ability to stand against 18 US Ohio's
Most Russian radar systems have a farther range than US radar systems. That doesn’t equate to track fidelity and lock on capabilities
As we have all seen in Ukraine with Russian military kit, it's good on paper but in the real world it never lives up. I'm starting to think that 90% of the Russians nukes wont even make it out of their silos or subs if they were launched
Have you changed your diaper?
@@natteft6593 many what's your point? Your comment seems to have nothing to do with my original comment.
Are you hinting that the Russian military needs their diapers changed?
🎯🎯💯 bingo!! Nukes especially 30-50yr old ones need upkeep/maintenance to make sure they're still ready for use & any financing set aside for maintenance in Russia would be the first thing the oligarchs would embezzle... as evidenced by the Moskva, the Kuznetsov & all of Russia's navy. I've kinda thought this was the case since the early 2000s when all the oligarchs & their yachts started becoming noticeable... the Ukraine war has undoubtedly confirmed it
Their own testing backs this up in the last 4 years. Rather likely.
@@jw325 I insist you change your diaper. It smells
I see two guys in Moscow, smoking a doobie, saying "Yeah! That's cool man. But what if it could do x? Oh man! That would be sooo sweet.Let's say that!".
Or involving Homer Simpson in the design
Cappy ,I guess you’ve never heard of an ocean system technician analyst have you.
About 12:23: Russian tech is usually less precise than other tech. I'd be VERY leery of letting that torpedo loiter for 7ish months and then calling it home for refurbishment. What if it gets its wires crossed and thinks the home port is supposed to be the target? Oops...
3:11 Crimea was annexed from Ukraine, it is not a part of russia!
Сколько ни говори халва, во рту от этого слаще не станет
While unfortunate, until the Ukraine take it back, it’s part of Russia now.
I stole your car, it's mine now.
cope
Sounds like business as usual for European countries, constant at war.
It's the worst feeling in the world to be heartbroken but being heartbroken and submarineless is a horrible fate
LoL, What coastal city could we live without? San Francisco? New York? That might actually be helpful....
Washington District of Criminals.
S.F
Los Angeles
I nominate L.A.
"Imitates the sound of civilian ships" aka couldn't afford to engineer it to be quiet
Isn't Impersonating civilian ship a war crime btw?
A weapon that is only useful for attacking soft targets, and not to prevent retaliation, is largely only going to work as a first strike weapon. While it can have a deterrent role, it has no defensive justification and therefore exists only to threaten others, and further destabilizes a retaliatory stance based on launch-on-warning.
And thats what russia want just chaos and death
Would the ability to nuke major ports with no prior warning not be a defensive justification? I would imagine that capability alone could cripple certain fleets, provided all of the details are true of course.
@@fowlerfreak7420 If one uses a nuclear weapon defensively, and has a no first-use policy, then one should use one's nuclear weapons to prevent retaliation, for example, to take out deployed nuclear submarines or ICBM silos. Poseidon can not reach inland targets like ICBMs, and such a weapon like Poseidon is not needed to destroy the submarines in a port, and could not reach a port in time to prevent submarines from departing anyways. It's only purpose is for saber-rattling and threatening a first-strike. Such a large yield weapon is of limited use because while it is very destructive, it is not nearly as destructive as multiple small warheads, and if it was ever actually used, it would not prevent total retaliation from a largely intact nuclear triad. It has no strategic or tactical value, only destabilizes mutually assured destruction, and probably solely exists to convince Russia's people that they have some of the residual military might that has been waning since the fall of the Soviet Union.
Ok ok, im confuse now Cappy, for Poseidon's warhead, is it 100 KILOTONS??? (which is highly probable to fit on the small, nuke powered uuv) or 100 MEGATONS (designed power of TSAR BOMBA)
it is M. 100 Megatons of course
Mega
I love the commercial with high-speed gear and rifle. Excellent!
I once spoke to an engineer who worked on subs and he said on day one the Russian nuclear subs are very good but by year 2 there as noisy as a bag of spanner’s in a tumble dryer
Exactly, it might be good new but they can't/won't maintain it.
Too busy underfunding the next white elephant
@@hhkk6155 You showing you know nothing nice and plain-
DE subs van be the quietest of all- they font need reactor coolant pumps running all the time, amongst other things.
And tankers dont make noise 500 feet down.
@@hhkk6155 there is but subs are detected by the noise they make the idea is to make your sub as quiet as possible the problem Russia has is maintenance they do very little this causes them to be noisy
The term "Doomsday Submarine" typically refers to Russia's special purpose nuclear-powered submarines known as the Typhoon-class submarines, which were built during the Cold War era. These submarines were designed for strategic deterrence and could carry multiple intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) armed with nuclear warheads.
Each Typhoon-class submarine was massive in size, one of the largest submarines ever built, and had the capability to cause catastrophic destruction with its payload of nuclear missiles.
However, it's important to note that information and perceptions surrounding these submarines might vary, and the term "Doomsday Submarine" can sometimes be sensationalized in media reports. While these submarines were indeed formidable in terms of their nuclear capabilities, specific details about their current operational status, capabilities, and their exact role in Russia's current naval strategy might not be consistently available or accurately portrayed.
belgorod is a ''borey class sub'' and not ''typhoon class ,just like the new Emperor Alexander III and Krasnoyarsk subs that enterd service YESTERDAY..... just saying
Exactly. As impressive as their theoretical, day one abilities may (MAY) have been, we know with Russia, the longer they have a system, the more its going to be neglected, and more a danger to their crew and military budget than to anyone else.
The last Typhoon was decommissioned earlier this year, and it had been the only one operating since the late 90s. It's a huge boat and is probably the best sub the Russians ever built, but actually carried less missiles than the Ohio class (21 vs 24). Their newest SSBN is the Borei class which went into service in 2016, they're a quick & dirty modification of an Akula class and share the Akula's pathetically low top speed and very dated performance, they also only carry 16 missiles, they'd be sitting ducks for any US attack sub, and they'd be hard pressed to even detect a Seawolf or Virginia.
@@asatechnics8363 Incorrect, the Belgorad is a heavily modified Oscar II class. The Borei is a SSBN that is a heavily modified Akula class. The Belgorad and Oscar IIs run circles around the Boreis.
Collecting coral reef...at the bottom of the sea...not by war...but by mechanical failure...😂
If all they missiles were radar capable, why designate only one as leader and the rest follow. Won't it be better networked but with individual scanning? Weird. Having one offensive player just means the other side only need to focus on the one sub.
China worried bout japanese fish yet their closest ally trynna release literal swimming nukes 😂
Its a carrier just underwater, which is useful against an air superiority focused enemy
Until the first P8 arrives on scene.
Super helpful and informative. Thanks!
That’s an expensive looking future coral reef
Except this thing can basically kill you from beyond the grave if it gets one of those nuclear torpedoes away.
@@killman369547 we know exactly where this sub is and what it is doing at all times. We have defense systems that can handle hundreds of such warheads launched at once. This isn’t insurgents in a cave. This is exactly what we’re prepared to deal with.
@@Matt-xc6sp remember when the soviets manage to take a picture of the liberty statue from their sub in the cold war?, i dont think you are safe from the nuke chief
@@Suckmabalzz “the liberty statute”
Condolences on you not being American lol
Also fat lot of good it did them. Really gave the soviets a leg up and helped them win the Cold War. Wait. We won that one.
Russia only has 1 of these is because, Russia can't even afford to have 1 of these lol. Let alone afford to properly maintain just 1. Haha.
The good news is that if we develop ASW methods capable of countering that nuclear torpedo they would also be a terror for enemy submarines.
Even America or any other technologically advanced Western country would have trouble making a weapon like Poseidon reliable enough to be effective. Does anyone out there REALLY believe those Vodka swilling potato munchers could possibly achieve such a feat? 🙄
You don't know much about engineering schools in the USSR and Russia. In the 90s, Intel hired many processor development specialists from the USSR. Only after that, Intel was able to create a reliable multi-core processor at home. But similar processors were previously installed on Soviet aircraft in the 80s.
@strokyuriy1246 In the West these things are much more organised, and a greater variety of ideas and people skills are used in developing technology. This is a direct result of greater freedom in Western society. Do you really think the Russians are so clever that the West have to rely on them for brain power?...If that was the case Russia would be ahead in EVERY field of technology. As you well know they are not. Careful what you believe. 🤷♂️
there was a western documentary on russian rocket engines,the design of which the USA had tried to make it work but couldnt.But the russians had made it work,think it was a closed loop system and russian scientists/engineers had built the engine for a later US rocket that was sent to space.
Are you taking the piss? 10 years or so after the KGB stole the A-bomb plans from the US the Russians were ahead, working on and detonated a deployable 50MT+ triple stage hydrogen bomb.
@rorynesta7766 Look at the Saturn rockets developed for the Apollo moon missions. Their giant F-1 engines took alot of time and testing to get right. To this day it remains the largest and most reliable liquid propellant, combustion chamber rocket engine ever! The Russians at the time were desperately trying to get their ridiculous multi engined N1 moon rocket going, having nothing but failures. Some of the resulting explosions during testing were the largest conventional (non nuclear) ones in history!
My concern is that with the sorts of range the Poseidon has, is a submarine deployment platform strictly necessary? Think modified cargo ships and tankers. A straight down dive prior to engaging propulsion systems is a disturbing concept, and very possible. Kind of like spawning salmon that return home from where ever. Soooo, where are they now?
Nuclear weapons launched from submarines give effectively zero warning or time to respond or defend. If a nuke is launched at DC from 200 miles offshore, they have literal seconds. This is why they're a part of the US nuclear triad (land launched ICBMs, nuclear submarines, and bombers). Russia and China have a 4th method: truck launched systems.
You have to justify your massive expensive military projects by shoehorning new capabilities
There also might be political issues hiding nuclear weapons in civilian ships
Buddy, they could roll it off a Murmansk beach, it has years of loitering time.
@@daniel_dumile Russia only has 1 of these is because, Russia can't even afford to have 1 of these lol. Let alone afford to properly maintain just 1. Haha. Also...Russian subs are notoriously dangerous because Russia doesn't not properly maintain their military equipment...as we're seeing now with with Russian equipment in Ukraine. Blows my mind how some people claim that Russian military equipment is so great when Russia can't even defeat Ukraine lol.Yes, Ukraine is getting military equipment from NATO, but....Russia has their equipment that they have that was intended to defeat NATO/US military equipment....and Russia has failed on a MASSIVE level.
@@nexpro6118 dude, Russia has been financially crippled and controlled by IMF (aka USA) since 2000 so it didn't have any resources to spend on the modern weaponry. It's a miracle they saved nukes and even produced several hypersonic solutions. Now, thanks to the sanctions, Russia broke out of the cage. You can see it even in Ukraine when Russia started very poorly because of the above mentioned reasons but now it dominates the field draining out NATO's resources and capabilities. I do not know what's going to happen but the next several years are going to be very interesting to watch Russia's development.
The biggest flaw in their claim for their Poseidon "doomsday torpedo" was how much they said the yield of the warhead was. 100 megatons is the equivalent of the Tsar Bomba, which weighed 27 tons. The poseidon is not big enough to carry that kind of weight and all of the equipment it needs for its promised capability, and even then it would grossly overweigh the submarine built to launch it and the torpedo itself. I don't think the Poseidon was built to even exist, the "prototype" just a Qahar-313 equivalent (in other words, a prop piece with basic functionality purely created for media purposes).
Edit: Also forgot to mention that supercavitating torpedoes exist. The first one, the VA-111 "Shkval", was developed in the 1960s and first fielded in 1977. They are loud, and probably sound like a screech on hydroacoustic sensors because of the way supercavitation is achieved.
16:16 crazy thing about the sinking of losharik sub was that out of 14 crew members 7 were captain first rank one was lt. colonel and all others were at least captain. Like what kind of crew is that 100% top rank officers, not a single seaman. Also losharik doesn't mean small shark, it's a reference to a soviet cartoon about a horse made of balloons. Sharik means balloon and this sub was a bunch of steel spheres daisy-chained together.
... but the rest of the video was accurate, right?... RIGHT?!? LMAO.
Given the Russian's penchant for grossly overstating their weapons capabilities, I would not be surprised if the nuclear torpedo would end up being a coal-fired tugboat with a max speed of about 10 knots towing a barge with a nuclear warhead duct-taped to it.
i think its the other way around after seeing how bad western weapons were in ukraine i wouldnt talk
Do you believe everything you read on Reddit? I hear it makes you more smarter.
преувеличивать любите вы и тратить миллиарды напечатанных денег на тупой проект Ф35
You mean the Russian aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" right?!
I, too, am usually left submarineless.
Well, i think a torpedo has limited range no matter how big it is. Once a super sized nuclear torpedo was launched and denotated, wouldn't that submarine be affected by the blast/percussive effects/waves etc and most likely overcome by it thus ending its career as a submarine, transitioning into a new coral reef?
Size = Range I thought they were saying they could use it as and independent weapons platform meaning a launch for just about anywhere.
Lol. It's nuclear powered and can have limit of range. Submarine - carrier will be hundreds and thousands miles away from blast.
@hhkk6155 Sunflowers for you Ivan!!! I'm convinced nothing Russia has works likes it's supposed to😂
@@StretchMedia Cactuses for you John!!! You can be convinced in anything, including any anti-Russian sick Gobels fantasies that has no connection to reality.
dude ... the poseidon is nuclear powerd ''small nuclear reactor'' .... so it has a REALLY difrent range then a regular torpedo ..... can you research before you speculate ? you liberals tend to speculate a LOT about what you know nothing about .-. i guess that your internet only has the youtube comment section ....
Russia should be careful about lying.
Why? Everyone knows lying is natural for them, the truth doesn't
even EXIST in russia.
Don't you worry, all the lying was reserved by the White House, Pentagon and Brussels a hundred years in advance.
From my experience, Russia doesn't "leak" anything unintentionally. Putin was KGB and then FSB, so I will always stand by that we only know what Russia allows us to know about their military capabilities.
You're using a map that shows Crimea as part of Russia. Maybe the Donbass too? Please check and amend.
У нас говорят ; Поздно пить касторку , если пациент умер
Запорожье и Херсон ещё Россия
@tarasenkoilya Kherson? Hmmm, the russian invaders left the city and they have a hard time defending the south bank ATM.
I love how Russia acts like they’ve just come up with these great ideas like a nuclear powered torpedo or cruise missile. The tech is like 70 years old
Cool fact, that USA nuclear tehnology, by comparsion with Russian counterparts - still in 1950.
and yet your so called more nuclear advanced country are still relying on russia for its uranium lmao, look at rusatom and see why the west are not putting a ban on russian uranium.
@@shkoddisure thing, FSB boy
It is...but getting it to work is not! and the Russians are making serious gains in this area.
@@John-hu9qg Lol, are they though? They can’t afford to keep tires on their jets or trucks, or buy body armor for their soldiers. I seriously doubt their shipyards and sub pens are in any better shape than the rest of their military. We’ve all seen that they aren’t even a paper tiger. They are more like a kitten made of dust bunnies.
Never underestimate your enemy !
"For producing their latest military technologies at the highest absolute quality"
**shows the Kuznetsov**
If the Poseidon is coming from the Murmansk area, as you show, it will be passing directly over the SOSUS sonar detection grid between Greenland, Iceland and the UK. Anything that big with a noisy Russian nuclear reactor onboard will be detected hundreds of miles away even if it's moving slowly.
So basically 28 minutes of telling us that they’re not quite there yet, but they have things that are right on the cusp of being the most dangerous and undetectable weapons in the world, and this video is to make us feel better.
After reading some of the comments I astimate the average age of subscribers must be somewhere around 13 or 14 years. Click on those names randomly and you'll find game channels and less than 70 IQ "celebrities" they follow... it is what it is.
go watch Aaron Amick over at Sub Brief, he has a whole dedicated video put out 3 years ago about Belgorod. Also H.I Sutton over at Covert Shores has tons of information on belgorod... Task and Purpose is a few years late to this party.
The best part is, all the jobs that are building and maintaining all of the projects to beat the other projects. We can’t beat Cancer, ALS, or Dementia, but we can make a lot stuff that ends up in a desert in 30 years.
Russias new submarine is the first new Russian vessel that actually is supposed to be underwater
1:07 / 19:29
What Happened to Russia's New Doomsday Submarine? it probably started to sink till it imploded
Super-cavitating torpedoes would be very difficult to develop for most applications because the high speed does not allow for any sonar guidance, until and unless it slows down. The assumed application would be nuclear warhead, ie precision not required.
The U.S. Mark 48 torpedo is given initial course and speed of a target but, periodically slows to do a search and confirm the original data. If it finds the target far off the predicted position, it commences to do an active search and recalculate a new predicted position. Eventually, it gets close enough to the target hull that its active sonar will get solid returns at high speed. Then it goes in for the kill.
We’re also going to ignore that super cavitations torpedos work by forming a bubble around the torpedo meaning virtually no guidance. Super fast but short range and for why? A a 50 knot torpedo that can chase down a vessel for 30-40 minutes is just much more useful. As for nuclear delivery, we have SLBMS for that. The only useful nuclear torpedo is the Poseidon.
Finally first
"We cannot allow a Poseidon Torpedo Gap!"
Who here is team Russia?
😂
The Belgorod is also able to babysit your kids, wash dishes, cure cancer, fly and do back flips.
Tom Clancy in here catching strays, lmao
If you underestimate your enemy, you lose the war. If you overestimate an enemy, you win peace.
Russia ALWAYS exaggerates about its military capabilities.
Yeah and so that why american an nato damaged vehicles in Moscow. Exaggerated! Yeah!
Russia: We have this extremely deadly new weapon that can take out anything!!!
Me, very unimpressed after hearing about Russian "Wonder Weapons" that aren't since the 80's: Cool.......so you want to hang out and get lunch today? We could get shawarma.