You mean like the Dude Perfect guys who lead their audience into believing they get the first attempt at a trick shot on the first try. When it probably took a hundred if not, more attempts but they always edit out the fails..
A long time ago I made a presentation about crystalline symmetry and taxonomy. And even though I forgot everything, I still jump out in joy every time I read something like the P6cm or m3m (I hope that's a thing).
Watching this video my brain was screaming about using vapor deposition. Living somewhere it is currently negative 25C, I have massive crystals like that growing on every vent of the house.
I know it's getting cold where I live when I get frost developing on every screw and nail head that leads to an exterior wall. And one of the most beautiful sights you'll ever see is the massive hoar frost crystals that grow during a particularly long cold snap. 🌨
Ooh! I have used a modified Bridgman technique to grow large naphtha crystals before. My family HATES mothballs now.🤮 I like to play with scintillators and particle detectors. Your explanations are so clear that you are filling a few of my gaps in crystalline ordering and thermal transfer and I am sure other things by the time I make it through all your videos. I once sat in prison for 15 years so I ordered and consumed books like "Geochemical Kinetics" and Pauling's "General Chemistry". They opened my eyes and mind more than highschool ever did. I get tingles up my spine when I get an idea that lets me apply this type of knowledge. I am an applied science junkie.
UA-cam is weird. My first thought was: Cool a new science channel that is actually interesting... let's check the videos.... wait this channel is already seven years old.... why did youtube hide this from me for all these years... at least now I can binge watch everything. Very informative channel with clear explanations, thank you sir, I will stick around!
If the subjects weren't incredibly interesting, I probably would still watch your videos just because of your energy. It's so fun listening to people that are truly passionate about something. You're cool.
Hi! I came from the Physics subreddit. I really liked your demonstrations. What is the size of the grains showed at 4:48? I mean, how much zoom is the photo?
most of the columnar grains from the zoom-in are on the order of 1-5 mm across. I was using the kit 50mm sony lens with a macro tube for a bit closer focus. At the edges of the "boule" there are some large grains, like one entire side that was pushed against the edge of the container was a grain, but it wasn't very thick, and as you get closer to the middle it gets messier. The edges probably nucleated by themselves early and some of them got big before colliding
I've always wanted to learn more about material science, thank you for sharing your knowledge of it! I've been hooked ever since that amazing bubble demo. Also thank you for sharing the things that didn't work. Totally agree that's an important part of science.
@@AlphaPhoenixChannel much agreed! I'm especially interested in all the cool stuff going on with 2d materials like magic angle graphene and this work I saw back in October: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201012115949.htm The TL;DR is that by stacking a monolayer 1 degree twisted from a bilayer and supercooling, an applied electric field could switch between it behaving like twisted bilayer graphene or twisted double bilayer graphene. And in the latter case it exhibited electrically tunable ferromagnetism 🤯 If you're ever trying to think of a video topic, definitely would be interested in something on graphene or other 2d materials.
Yeah, I'm always surprised that ice is a good thermal insulator, but I guess the igloo idea is pretty solid. The aluminium idea was really good though.
Yeah - it surprised me too. One sentence that got cut from this video also pointed out that the seed crystal was oriented with the C axis up and down, meaning that all of the heat to freeze had to go through the slowest direction
Thanks for sharing your process! I love seeing the fantastic and amazing things that can happen in this world but I also love seeing the 'failures' (any time when an outcome is different from a prediction) because that's where we get to discover something we didn't know before and expand our knowledge of the world. Achieving the goal is like chocolate sauce and the stuff you learn along the way is the ice-cream. Ice cream on its own is alright, but chocolate sauce on its own isn't that great. So thanks for giving us the ice cream!
Now I'm just watching through a bunch of your videos, and I realize you degree is also in materials. That explains why you're so good at explaining it! Cheers, MatE!
I saw your gerrymandering video first and thought okay that's kind of cool and now I'm bringing this channel. There are so many videos alone about f... Ice but every video still gives new info.
I almost want to share this vid with my materials sciences professor! lol thanks for the extra articles and some great visualizations and explanations ^_^
A few TECs on a container and a bigger one on the aluminum bar would allow you to grow the crystal without needing to be in the freezer. You could also very easily monitor and control the temperature.
I collect rain water in barrels in my backyard. When the temperature is just right, the water forms a thick ice sheet which crumbles into long approximately hexagonal prisms
Might be a cool idea to explore using a ThermoElectric Cooler (TEC) connected to a liquid cooled heat sink . That way you can literally control the flow of energy out of the freezing water
One crystal related project area: Doing the same process of crystal growing + refining that is used for silicon or similar materials, but with sugar or something easier. So the "Molten Drawing" and "Float Zone Refining and all that. (Granted i just read some wikipedia pages! So all those terms may be wrong idk)
Essentially those "Sugar Growing Projects" in elementary school science fair, but cranked up to 11, and used to teach modern crystal growth techniques, instead of "crystals are a thing".
What a great science communicator. I don't generally like science shows (in the sense that I don't enjoy them), but the algorithm has fed part 1 and part 2 to me faithfully, and they've both kept me long enough that I've made it to the end, so I guess take a comment and like and let's hope this channel grows. I don't particularly want more of this content, but I think this is a great niche that deserves to grow.
A long time ago I saw a tv show, maybe how it's made, where they covered how blocks of clear ice are made for ice carving. The process is simple, get a big ole vat of water, make it cold, and move the water constantly with a pump. The main goal of this is that it takes more energy to form a crystal with contaminants, so with the temperature held at about 0C, and the water always moving, it's too hard for contaminants to freeze into the crystal, and it's too hard for voids to form. Only good pure water can join the crystal, and it does so evenly. This method may be able to increase the margin of error with your technique even as the water cools off, by lowering the temperature of spontaneous crystallization just a little bit further below the temperature of monocrystaline growth. I imagine though that it will also make the tank more efficient at conducting the heat in the water to the walls, making it cool off faster.
10:46 for like 20 secs I did not understand a word he said but just the way he speaks with the Pauses and tone for some reason I feel like I understand him.
Hey, I recently found your channel and I love the content you are making! I am thinking of going to graduate school for material science so seeing the experiments you do with crystal growth and grain structures is really inspiring. I am excited to see the next video, and in the meantime I am going to look into the Bridgman method and other ways to control crystal growth.
Awesome! MatSci is an amazing field at the intersection of so many others. What are you studying in undergrad? The Bridgman method is how most of our substrates are grown - they make a big cylindrical boule of something like Gallium Arsenide, then slice it into thin round wavers we can grow on. To be specific, I think they use a "horizontal Bridgman" technique, and I don't know what their growth rates are - certainly a WHOLE lot faster than our MBE growth rates!
@@AlphaPhoenixChannel I studied mechanical engineering in undergrad and it wasn't until this last year that I realized I wanted to continue learning about the atomic properties of materials. When I learned that the reason metals have elastic deformation is because the atoms are literally stretching the bonds before they slip and plastically deform, my mind was blown! I've always thought the way metal boules are cast is fascinating. The level of purity we are able to achieve nowadays is incredible!
love your videos please don't never stop sharing and passing on really amazing knowledge an hard work that you put into this I hope and continue to see your videos shine and progress!!
Well thats awesome, that bubble demonstration and dislocations. The same applies to steel! I did know that, but thats a great way to visualize that, and that explains different properties of welds epending how hot it was and how quick it was cooled. Great channel! I'm happy i got here, you have a new sub ;)
When you pipetted water on to the seed crystal on the aluminum block, some of the water was in direct contact with the aluminum.(it was not all on your seed crystal) That could be how you ended up getting new crystals.
along with wrapping your ice chamber in foam and a towel, add an electric blanket (very low wattage) so the outer parts don't freeze inward. That way, the "coldness" is only coming from the crystal you want to form.
Maybe try adapting the Czochralski method. It's used for growing silicon crystals for semiconductors and also uses a seed crystal lowered from the top. The difference (in addition to what you mentioned about temperature control) is rotating the crystal / bath, which I sus suspect helps prevent dendrites.
Could you supercool the water without freezing it, then introduce a single-crystal seed? Kinda like how you can put a bottle of water in the freezer and every now and then it will stay as metastable liquid below the freezing point.
We invented a slush drinks machine that doesn’t need a scraper, instead forming ice in a recirculating flow in a pipe, as the heat transfer is set up to create dendritic ice that is broken off by flow in a pipe. The heat flux and thermal diffusivity together control whether you get wall ice or dendritic ice. If the thermal diffusivity is low and the heat flux is low enough to avoid big thermal gradients, even if the wall is the only cooling surface, an instantaneous quanta of energy is easier to donate to the surrounding fluid so ice grows dendritically. Maybe this is what you encountered?
I’d attempt to do exactly what you did here, except with a peltier cooler and heat-sink atop the aluminium block, and in a refrigerator set to 1-3C or so. Also you’re fast approaching 2^14 !
A small compressor might also be an option, if only for the thermal efficiency. An easier method might be an aluminium (bottomed) container full of salted ice-water, though you’d need to calculate how much ice would be required to solidify the water beneath.
your explanation of the defects melting first explains how long vertical crystals of ice can form on frozen lakes as they begin to thaw. Look up "candled ice".
Happy Belated New Year. This is a really interesting subject. (so many question)..Are you doing this to experiment with gas separation techniques? Water purity and controlled temperature reduction? Using capillary tubes for crystal growth? I had the honor to speak with people years ago looking into purifying medical & breathing gases in a similar way. Stay safe and well :)
Nice process. Instead of a magnifier glass, why not use the 3 laser method on each axis to melt the center of the ice. Similar to the acrylic bubble art. As you also mentioned, the pressure change as it is freezing would affect growth. Would a counterweight of the aluminum block also allow equalizing the pressure at the freezing point in the chamber to equalize the surface pressure of the water? I look forward to the next video.
If you're not careful, some of your videos are gonna end up being used an a college material science course. Honestly though one of the best visualizations of grain boundaries I've seen.
I've been binge watching your videos and I just realized why your videos reminded me of something. Do you watch the UA-cam channel "Knowing Better"? Your style reminds me of his style, except science instead of politics and history.
Perhaps you could use dry ice to cool the aluminum plate. You could keep the apparatus about the same, with a box of dry ice on top in thermal contact with the bar. Then either turn down the freezer or put it in the fridge.
Have you looked at how ice sculptors make their ice, they use a cold plate with a bin of water on top and a small circulation pump. The ice forms from the bottom to the top due to the agitation of the water stopping the growth of crystals on the container sides in adition to the sides and top of the water being above freezing.
As I recall, single-crystalline silcon ingot growers rotate the seed in one direction (say clockwise) and the molten silcon in the cricible anti-clockwise, and slowly pull the seed upward at a rate that defines the diameter of the ingot. Could the same be done with the water "seed" and chilled water "ingot"?
What about hypercooled water seeded with a single grain crystal after it's been hypercooled, assuming you don't have nucleation sites for the water to crystalize on its own, can that work?
So to my metallurgical mind, you hot-shorted a block of ice. For others: hot shortness in steels occurs when there is a low-melting-point phase mixed in with the steel (iron sulphides, copper* or tin*) that is liquid at rolling temperatures (900ºC-1200ºC). These liquid phases migrate to the boundaries of the steel crystals (or 'grains') and lubricate them, allowing the grains to more easily move relative to each other and reducing the hot strength of steel. *Copper or tin are normally soluble in steel but aren't soluble in iron oxide. If the surface of the hot steel oxidises, the copper/tin comes out of solution as a liquid and penetrates into the grain boundaries of the steel below. This type of hot-shortness shows up as surface defects.
Besides using the dendrites to see the crystal grain domains and orientations, you can probably use polarized sunglasses and/or polarized light. (Not sure because I haven't tried it.)
"showing only the successes and not the failures isnt very scientific" subscribed on the spot.
Plan A always goes up in flames.
@@r0cketplumber haha yes, very true
Hexagons are the bestagons.
Indeed. I saw that video a few weeks ago then proceeded to watch every main Gray video I could find...
Only outmatched by Hexaflexagons :-) [see Vihart's videos]
@@stefanheimersheim ah yes, a classic
Yes cgp grey makes the bestahexagons.
200th like, take it or leave it :D
The failures really are important and interesting too. I wish more channels showed them.
I wish more scientific researchers showed them too!
@@Laralinda But replicating results, or having failed studies doesn't get you g r a n t s...
In science, you only fail if you don't learn anything
They are, you don't need to see what makes it good, but bad.. In that way it's easy to understand the process
You mean like the Dude Perfect guys who lead their audience into believing they get the first attempt at a trick shot on the first try. When it probably took a hundred if not, more attempts but they always edit out the fails..
Awesome video! Seeing the actual grain boundaries in ice was really cool! I’m excited to see your vapor deposition process!
"this is ice"
The crow in the background: "thanks captain obvious!"
" that is a loud bird "
The timing was so good I thought it was editing at first
@@kasai7272 Same
A long time ago I made a presentation about crystalline symmetry and taxonomy. And even though I forgot everything, I still jump out in joy every time I read something like the P6cm or m3m (I hope that's a thing).
You're quickly becoming my favourite YT scientist. Thank you for your work.
Watching this video my brain was screaming about using vapor deposition.
Living somewhere it is currently negative 25C, I have massive crystals like that growing on every vent of the house.
Sounds almost like molecular beam epitaxy. I wonder where we can find somebody who knows about that.
I know it's getting cold where I live when I get frost developing on every screw and nail head that leads to an exterior wall. And one of the most beautiful sights you'll ever see is the massive hoar frost crystals that grow during a particularly long cold snap. 🌨
Super cool video! Thanks for sharing.
Supercooled video!
Ba dum tss
As a material science graduate thank you for simplifying polycrystalline and single crystal in a way normal people can understand.
"that's a loud bird", no it's either a crow or a raven,the humble loudbird died when we stopped naming animals by description.
The anteater begs to differ
😔
@@koniginator The anteaters just built different
does this mean big bird is an endangered species?
@@miss-sagemoon yes! (That was a joke, as is this)
i just saw your "plan a" quote. That's so inspirational because its so true. Don't quit after your first failure, your first plan is supposed to fail.
Came over from Steve Moulds channel and I'm so glad I did!
Ooh! I have used a modified Bridgman technique to grow large naphtha crystals before. My family HATES mothballs now.🤮 I like to play with scintillators and particle detectors. Your explanations are so clear that you are filling a few of my gaps in crystalline ordering and thermal transfer and I am sure other things by the time I make it through all your videos. I once sat in prison for 15 years so I ordered and consumed books like "Geochemical Kinetics" and Pauling's "General Chemistry". They opened my eyes and mind more than highschool ever did. I get tingles up my spine when I get an idea that lets me apply this type of knowledge. I am an applied science junkie.
UA-cam is weird. My first thought was: Cool a new science channel that is actually interesting... let's check the videos.... wait this channel is already seven years old.... why did youtube hide this from me for all these years... at least now I can binge watch everything. Very informative channel with clear explanations, thank you sir, I will stick around!
If the subjects weren't incredibly interesting, I probably would still watch your videos just because of your energy. It's so fun listening to people that are truly passionate about something. You're cool.
Hi! I came from the Physics subreddit. I really liked your demonstrations.
What is the size of the grains showed at 4:48? I mean, how much zoom is the photo?
most of the columnar grains from the zoom-in are on the order of 1-5 mm across. I was using the kit 50mm sony lens with a macro tube for a bit closer focus.
At the edges of the "boule" there are some large grains, like one entire side that was pushed against the edge of the container was a grain, but it wasn't very thick, and as you get closer to the middle it gets messier. The edges probably nucleated by themselves early and some of them got big before colliding
@@AlphaPhoenixChannel Thank you for the detailed answer!
I really appreciate this channel, it seems somehow more genuine than a lot of the over-produced "I heckin love science" content out there.
I've always wanted to learn more about material science, thank you for sharing your knowledge of it! I've been hooked ever since that amazing bubble demo.
Also thank you for sharing the things that didn't work. Totally agree that's an important part of science.
It's a fantastic field at the intersection of so many others!
@@AlphaPhoenixChannel much agreed! I'm especially interested in all the cool stuff going on with 2d materials like magic angle graphene and this work I saw back in October: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201012115949.htm
The TL;DR is that by stacking a monolayer 1 degree twisted from a bilayer and supercooling, an applied electric field could switch between it behaving like twisted bilayer graphene or twisted double bilayer graphene. And in the latter case it exhibited electrically tunable ferromagnetism 🤯
If you're ever trying to think of a video topic, definitely would be interested in something on graphene or other 2d materials.
"This is ice" finally, something I can understand
Looking forward to that vapor deposition video.
Great video and great explanations.
TY 👍
Yeah, I'm always surprised that ice is a good thermal insulator, but I guess the igloo idea is pretty solid. The aluminium idea was really good though.
Yeah - it surprised me too. One sentence that got cut from this video also pointed out that the seed crystal was oriented with the C axis up and down, meaning that all of the heat to freeze had to go through the slowest direction
Thanks for sharing your process! I love seeing the fantastic and amazing things that can happen in this world but I also love seeing the 'failures' (any time when an outcome is different from a prediction) because that's where we get to discover something we didn't know before and expand our knowledge of the world.
Achieving the goal is like chocolate sauce and the stuff you learn along the way is the ice-cream. Ice cream on its own is alright, but chocolate sauce on its own isn't that great. So thanks for giving us the ice cream!
Just discovered this channel ! I didn't know any of the "odd ice-es" were possible at home/makerspace scale, neat to see all this !
I have two degrees in materials science, and was impressed by your video!
Keep up the great work, and I'll keep watching
Now I'm just watching through a bunch of your videos, and I realize you degree is also in materials. That explains why you're so good at explaining it!
Cheers, MatE!
dude why am I only just finding your channel, these videos are really interesting, informative, and the production value and editing is off the charts
Same
This channel needs more views! I love learning from this channel!
This is the stuff i needed with chemistry, i had a hard time thinking of it as a seperate subject from physics, but its just physics all the way down
Yess, physics is at root of chemistry and chemistry is at root of biology
I saw your gerrymandering video first and thought okay that's kind of cool and now I'm bringing this channel. There are so many videos alone about f... Ice but every video still gives new info.
I almost want to share this vid with my materials sciences professor! lol
thanks for the extra articles and some great visualizations and explanations ^_^
Haha please do! Glad you liked it!
A few TECs on a container and a bigger one on the aluminum bar would allow you to grow the crystal without needing to be in the freezer. You could also very easily monitor and control the temperature.
Hey, you're on the cusp of 2^14 subscribers! Awesome!
haha yeah I'm going to be a bit late on that video this time around
I collect rain water in barrels in my backyard. When the temperature is just right, the water forms a thick ice sheet which crumbles into long approximately hexagonal prisms
i was mesmerized throughout the whole video, incredible work man!
This video is so good x10.
The Material Science education is so on point.
in polarized light one can easily see the grains
Found you from Steve Mould. Great channel, great science, great speaking skills. I’ll definitely be back.
Thanks! Glad you found here!
This is the same I learned in the first year of Material Science engineering... But accessible and fun!
Might be a cool idea to explore using a ThermoElectric Cooler (TEC) connected to a liquid cooled heat sink . That way you can literally control the flow of energy out of the freezing water
Haha check out episode 3
@@AlphaPhoenixChannel oh sick I’ll do that rn. Right after episode 2, of course!
@@atomatopia1 haha this was 2. 1 is the found of freezing. I don’t remember if I bothered to make a playlist at the time…
One crystal related project area:
Doing the same process of crystal growing + refining that is used for silicon or similar materials, but with sugar or something easier.
So the "Molten Drawing" and "Float Zone Refining and all that.
(Granted i just read some wikipedia pages! So all those terms may be wrong idk)
Essentially those "Sugar Growing Projects" in elementary school science fair, but cranked up to 11, and used to teach modern crystal growth techniques, instead of "crystals are a thing".
hey, I think your channel will blow up, keep up the good work!
What a great science communicator. I don't generally like science shows (in the sense that I don't enjoy them), but the algorithm has fed part 1 and part 2 to me faithfully, and they've both kept me long enough that I've made it to the end, so I guess take a comment and like and let's hope this channel grows. I don't particularly want more of this content, but I think this is a great niche that deserves to grow.
I don't know about others but seeing experiment failiures and explanations for them is more interesting.
That bird saying "No shit sherlock" at the beginning was such perfect timing. LMAO
A long time ago I saw a tv show, maybe how it's made, where they covered how blocks of clear ice are made for ice carving. The process is simple, get a big ole vat of water, make it cold, and move the water constantly with a pump. The main goal of this is that it takes more energy to form a crystal with contaminants, so with the temperature held at about 0C, and the water always moving, it's too hard for contaminants to freeze into the crystal, and it's too hard for voids to form. Only good pure water can join the crystal, and it does so evenly.
This method may be able to increase the margin of error with your technique even as the water cools off, by lowering the temperature of spontaneous crystallization just a little bit further below the temperature of monocrystaline growth. I imagine though that it will also make the tank more efficient at conducting the heat in the water to the walls, making it cool off faster.
You got a pretty brilliant channel here mate!
Subscribed!
10:46 for like 20 secs I did not understand a word he said but just the way he speaks with the Pauses and tone for some reason I feel like I understand him.
Have you tried growing monocrystalized ice by growing icicles in a controlled setting? I found some papers that some icicles are single crystals
This is a cool channel im so excited to sift thru the videos. I haven't been this excited since I found Applied Science channel like 3 years ago
Hey, I recently found your channel and I love the content you are making! I am thinking of going to graduate school for material science so seeing the experiments you do with crystal growth and grain structures is really inspiring. I am excited to see the next video, and in the meantime I am going to look into the Bridgman method and other ways to control crystal growth.
Awesome! MatSci is an amazing field at the intersection of so many others. What are you studying in undergrad? The Bridgman method is how most of our substrates are grown - they make a big cylindrical boule of something like Gallium Arsenide, then slice it into thin round wavers we can grow on. To be specific, I think they use a "horizontal Bridgman" technique, and I don't know what their growth rates are - certainly a WHOLE lot faster than our MBE growth rates!
@@AlphaPhoenixChannel I studied mechanical engineering in undergrad and it wasn't until this last year that I realized I wanted to continue learning about the atomic properties of materials. When I learned that the reason metals have elastic deformation is because the atoms are literally stretching the bonds before they slip and plastically deform, my mind was blown! I've always thought the way metal boules are cast is fascinating. The level of purity we are able to achieve nowadays is incredible!
Awesome counter-example of publication bias, thanks! Always interesting.
I found the shaped container idea intriguing.
Wow who knew ice was so complicated... Great video
I love the hand-drawn animations
Great to see the process! Thanks
SCIENCE!
Thanks for a great video! Looking forward to the vapor one :)
me too... trying to get one more timelapse...
to make large blocks of clear ice for ice carving, they use a technique involving bubbling air through water while it is in a giant chest freezer.
Excellent, excellent video!! I thoroughly enjoyed it!! You've got a new subscriber!!
love your videos please don't never stop sharing and passing on really amazing knowledge an hard work that you put into this I hope and continue to see your videos shine and progress!!
I feel like this channel will blow up soon.
Well thats awesome, that bubble demonstration and dislocations. The same applies to steel! I did know that, but thats a great way to visualize that, and that explains different properties of welds epending how hot it was and how quick it was cooled. Great channel! I'm happy i got here, you have a new sub ;)
When you pipetted water on to the seed crystal on the aluminum block, some of the water was in direct contact with the aluminum.(it was not all on your seed crystal) That could be how you ended up getting new crystals.
Wow such an awesome video bud, how have you not got more subscribers, I cant wait to see the video where it worked,
along with wrapping your ice chamber in foam and a towel, add an electric blanket (very low wattage) so the outer parts don't freeze inward. That way, the "coldness" is only coming from the crystal you want to form.
Maybe try adapting the Czochralski method. It's used for growing silicon crystals for semiconductors and also uses a seed crystal lowered from the top. The difference (in addition to what you mentioned about temperature control) is rotating the crystal / bath, which I sus
suspect helps prevent dendrites.
"that's a loud bird"
this is the educational content i come to this channel for
Could you supercool the water without freezing it, then introduce a single-crystal seed? Kinda like how you can put a bottle of water in the freezer and every now and then it will stay as metastable liquid below the freezing point.
For some reason, the algorithm is bringing us together this week. I think it has a good idea here.
I told my friends that dendrates form in a perpendicular direction to the axes they wouldn't belive me
Crystals are fascinating!
So much!
12:00 best reason ever to upload a video
Nice! Exited for the next one
God dude you are just so intelligent. I will learn so much from you in the coming years. Subbed.
Milo
A must for ice sculptors
We invented a slush drinks machine that doesn’t need a scraper, instead forming ice in a recirculating flow in a pipe, as the heat transfer is set up to create dendritic ice that is broken off by flow in a pipe. The heat flux and thermal diffusivity together control whether you get wall ice or dendritic ice. If the thermal diffusivity is low and the heat flux is low enough to avoid big thermal gradients, even if the wall is the only cooling surface, an instantaneous quanta of energy is easier to donate to the surrounding fluid so ice grows dendritically. Maybe this is what you encountered?
Very interesting! Ice crystals are so pretty ❤
The Awesome science rabbit whole won't end! Off to 2^19 Subs with you
This is pretty interesting. Will be great to see if you succeed
I’d attempt to do exactly what you did here, except with a peltier cooler and heat-sink atop the aluminium block, and in a refrigerator set to 1-3C or so.
Also you’re fast approaching 2^14 !
A small compressor might also be an option, if only for the thermal efficiency.
An easier method might be an aluminium (bottomed) container full of salted ice-water, though you’d need to calculate how much ice would be required to solidify the water beneath.
Thanks for sharing, looking forward to, well, let's be honest, not only the pending video ^^. Keep up the good work!
your explanation of the defects melting first explains how long vertical crystals of ice can form on frozen lakes as they begin to thaw. Look up "candled ice".
Happy Belated New Year. This is a really interesting subject. (so many question)..Are you doing this to experiment with gas separation techniques? Water purity and controlled temperature reduction? Using capillary tubes for crystal growth? I had the honor to speak with people years ago looking into purifying medical & breathing gases in a similar way. Stay safe and well :)
Nice process. Instead of a magnifier glass, why not use the 3 laser method on each axis to melt the center of the ice. Similar to the acrylic bubble art.
As you also mentioned, the pressure change as it is freezing would affect growth. Would a counterweight of the aluminum block also allow equalizing the pressure at the freezing point in the chamber to equalize the surface pressure of the water?
I look forward to the next video.
If you're not careful, some of your videos are gonna end up being used an a college material science course. Honestly though one of the best visualizations of grain boundaries I've seen.
Haha thanks Landon!
The knife against the ice made my spine tingle...whyyyy?
I really like this guys stuff
Surprisingly few subscribers, should be more.
I've been binge watching your videos and I just realized why your videos reminded me of something. Do you watch the UA-cam channel "Knowing Better"?
Your style reminds me of his style, except science instead of politics and history.
what about adding a peltier cell coupled with a heatsink on the top of the aluminum bar, in room temperature?
wait a couple weeks =)
first time i actually subed because of the sub message
Perhaps you could use dry ice to cool the aluminum plate. You could keep the apparatus about the same, with a box of dry ice on top in thermal contact with the bar. Then either turn down the freezer or put it in the fridge.
Great video mate really informative! Subscribed
Have you looked at how ice sculptors make their ice, they use a cold plate with a bin of water on top and a small circulation pump. The ice forms from the bottom to the top due to the agitation of the water stopping the growth of crystals on the container sides in adition to the sides and top of the water being above freezing.
beautiful video! That was super fun
As I recall, single-crystalline silcon ingot growers rotate the seed in one direction (say clockwise) and the molten silcon in the cricible anti-clockwise, and slowly pull the seed upward at a rate that defines the diameter of the ingot. Could the same be done with the water "seed" and chilled water "ingot"?
Thanks for the video !
What about hypercooled water seeded with a single grain crystal after it's been hypercooled, assuming you don't have nucleation sites for the water to crystalize on its own, can that work?
Good idea, cooled below freezing point
Awee you shoulda tried to use a polarizing filter, it might help in showing details/stresses too.. just a idea!
So to my metallurgical mind, you hot-shorted a block of ice.
For others: hot shortness in steels occurs when there is a low-melting-point phase mixed in with the steel (iron sulphides, copper* or tin*) that is liquid at rolling temperatures (900ºC-1200ºC). These liquid phases migrate to the boundaries of the steel crystals (or 'grains') and lubricate them, allowing the grains to more easily move relative to each other and reducing the hot strength of steel.
*Copper or tin are normally soluble in steel but aren't soluble in iron oxide. If the surface of the hot steel oxidises, the copper/tin comes out of solution as a liquid and penetrates into the grain boundaries of the steel below. This type of hot-shortness shows up as surface defects.
Besides using the dendrites to see the crystal grain domains and orientations, you can probably use polarized sunglasses and/or polarized light. (Not sure because I haven't tried it.)
I've tried it, but only on polycrystals (didn't realize at the time) so they just kinda glowed...