Antibiotic Resistance and the Rise of Superbugs
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- Опубліковано 7 лют 2025
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
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Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
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Kate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern
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"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks
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The Empire Strikes Bacteria was the best one. I loved the part when Luke got his arm amputated due to gangrene.
"We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology."
~Carl Sagan
1. Work up a good immune system by getting down and dirty, playing with animals, frolicking through fields of flowers.
2. Don't use drug and antibiotics for the common cold or a minor headache.
Drama_Llama_5000 3. Take every vaccine that is out there. :P
Drama_Llama_5000
I was going to say something along the same lines myself. The same methods work to prevent allergies as well.
Lol my parents helped me out in the long run after all
SnappyK9 i have autisum
Oliver Herbert Cool cool.
Joe: Wash your hands
Me in 2020: I do every half hour
HAHAHAHAH
Heck, there is a species of bacteria now that has found a way to use a certain antibiotic as _food_. Yep, throwing that antibiotic (I want to say it is vancomyacin) at it just gives it a snack. o_o
Twosocks42 well that's impressive ! But I think he forgot to say that we are using so much antibiotics that they can be found in the oceans where the bacterias can adapt before they even have contact with our immune system
horacio govea I hadn't heard about that. That's definitely scary.
yup (i think you can relate to my source i heard that from a belgian university teacher)
+derpybanana C diff infections are being treated with fecal transplants. You should look into that.
derpybanana I'm sorry man. Hope you get well soon. Good luck!
Had to watch this for an assignment, Awesome video!
Time to get nanite research and development into high gear.
Spell Bound If that's a Planetside reference then I very much agree.
Spell Bound *Que paranoid people swinging a hammer, ready to smash progress right in the kneecap*
TronII Lorule Nah.
Spell Bound That means more Indians and Chinese ! yay..chaonima
Spell Bound Actually, we really do need to get molecular machine research into high gear. It could could absolutely anything. Once they get small enough you could just get millions of virus sized machines and destroy all the bad germs.
Joe, I watched this video in my science class cause we were learning about anti-bodies. After that lesson I thought "huh, this guys funny and good at science might go home and watched some more." Since then I've been obsessed with your videos and my grades have raised loads in science and it's important for my future because I want to be an animal behaviourist. Thanks joe stay AWESOME!!!
*Me: terrified because I’m literally a walking paper cut*
Also: the bees at my grandma’s house became immune to the bee spray she was using
bees be like: i see no god up here. *other then me* !
was SUCH a great video!!!!
Human resilience ranges from being able to survive plane crashes.....to death by flowers.
WTF!
Wat up mann awrOooo
Marz-O-Slipo humans suck lol
But aliens swallow
Marz-O-Slipo OOOOOOOHHHHH
Lol😂😂😏
Shared this with my Human Genetics professor as we are learning about Gene Transfer and Antibiotic Resistance, she quoted your video in class today. Thought it was cool.
Mannnnnn that was sooooooo professional so glad had to watch it 😍❤️😍🤍😍❤️🤍🇬🇪
that's the scary side of evolution ^^
You clearly haven't seen honeybadgers
Evolution does has a bad and good side
Evolution is a necessary evil
but he gave us microphages
Another excellent video! Problem is unless everyone just stopped using them for the minor issues there will still be resistant strains developing. It's an all or nothing issue...
Staying healthy seems like such a delicate balance between fighting off and preventing infections, and building immune systems and protecting our microbiomes. As an early childhood educator I try to allow my students to explore the world and get dirty even if I have a little explaining to do with their parents at the end of the day. In college I was told that exposure to certain irritants at an early age can help build immunity against it. I would like to explore this concept further. My philosophy is that as long as the children are safe, there is no harm (and actually a lot of learning) in getting dirty.
How about nanotechnology as a catch-all infectious agents killer?
T3MP0 That's great, go develop that and collect your nobel prize
I just thought about that because I read it in a Michio Kaku book, I was curious if they were developing anything related to that, I don't need your sarcasm
T3MP0 I think they are actually developing a new way to destroy bacteria that is similar to what you are saying.
T3MP0 But who will go into the shrunken submarine? And will they get out in time before it starts growing again?
Real reply: I believe that 'nanotechnology' is more a buzzword right now, than that it is solid science. Most nanotechnology is still in development, very expensive and actually pretty useless in a real human body. At least for now.
T3MP0 I would guess that life would find a way around that too. Which does not mean that it is not a great idea. But I have the feeling any particular nanobot would have a limited time of effectiveness before we're forced to invent a new one due to resistance.
"It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!" - The Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll)
My limited contribution to this vid is simply to express my appreciation of the host. Joe, you are very attractive not just because of your mass. I feel like you walk the line of kids edu and adult pop science easy peasy.
I laughed at the Thug Life bacterium
Omg he laughed! I personally cried do to the overwhelming suspense.
I would totally wear a shirt covered with the print in the background around 3:10
Just started watching you. You're great. Keep up the good work! :)
*dying* at the bacterial conjugation rendezvous in the seedy motel! Great video, this microbiologist thanks you!
We've known this would eventually happen and yet we still haven't done anything to stop it.
What's taking so long, why do we have to wait for something destructive to happen in order to act?
This is where money should be spent, not on other bullshit
This is the second time today I m writing this.
Drug companies...
Nice going...
I still think people who get infections and other illness are one that don't expose them self to . I work last 5 or 7 year with open wounds on my hand arm covered in cut and scrapes. Just one of those things when horticulturist. But i knew women who nearly lost a hand because of a rose thorn. So i think its more about playing in dirt and less about keeping clean to keep you well
Life always finds a way. Fascinating isn't it?
Haha this channel has become fun. I luvv it! Keep it up guys.
Yeah science!
Gotta love the title reference to Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back! 😁
I like this channel
I had fungal pneumonia a few years ago. Was the worst pain in my like. I still have a scar in my left lung from it.
At 0:39 it should have been drug life (not in an illegal way)
No it should be BUG life as in super bug
+The Bot lol
No bug drug life
please make a video about our immune system . As a biological highschool student, i am curious. Like how it works actually? Thanks, really like your videos :)
awesome
Loved it
Question: Even if antibiotics don't work on said superbugs, can our immune system battle the majority of these superbugs?
My guess is yes, because that is probably how we survived for thousands of years before the invention of antibiotics with penicillin...
But on the flip side, these superbugs might have evolved so much that our immune system can't keep up anymore due to us not needing it... until now.
Can anyone give me the actual answer (if there is one)?
Another question: if these bacteria are becoming anti-antibiotic, wouldn't that mean that we should use biotic? JKJKJKJKJKJ LOLOL :P
Not very effectively. If our immune systems could combat superbugs effectively, we wouldn't need drugs.
Thanks Noah Ogata and ♠ OldBoy ♠
I am taking down this comment so more people won't have to waste their time answering my stupid question
Pranav Eswaran The answer is: that by and large, our species will almost always be able to develop some kind of resistance to a disease. The cases where we don't are when we go extinct. It's happened to a few species before.
In general though, if you infect a large population with a disease, some resistance will show up in 3-5 generations (often more). The problem is, in those first few generations, lots of people will die. We will survive as a species eventually, but our individual bodies don't usually make up their own kinds of resistance.
Pranav Eswaran Some vitamins & minerals work well, & some plant substances.
Apparently, we'd need higher doses of Vitamins C & D for this.
Pranav Eswaran Excuse me, but do you know why our age expectancy was less then half back in the days?
Florey and Chain!!!
I can’t believe that I’ve never heard of this before!
But strangely enough, I actually predicted something like this happening in my story where most urban people have been genetically modified to the point where it is extremely and exceedingly rare for them to get sick.
However, if any of the Modified go to countryside where a lot of Unmodified people live, even a common cold for the Modified could easily mass-kill a large amount of Unmodified. At a time before the story begun, an epidemic had killed about 1 million Unmodified people, causing the government to enact its “16-year plan” to build clinics to give everyone access to modification and require babies to be modified against disease.
The clinics can be built at a faster pace than in the real world currently because of nanotechnology, but deploying it to everyone and the 4.5 billion Unmodified to actually accept the genetic modification not just for themselves but for any babies they have is a bit difficult and causes a lot of intense debate in the country, especially because of one of the adverse, before unseen effects of a Modified Population. 1.5 Billion people have already been modified, and the effects on the environment has been surprising. Because of the proliferation of modified plants that create a carbon sink in cities to stop warming, other plants that are unmodified in areas around it are starting to evolve, and sometimes in strange ways. Some of these modified plants have also unintentionally become invasive species, leading to the country to fall even deeper into the hole of genetic modification to attempt to fix the problem.
Off of that tangent, it’s surprising that I could also come up with something of the equivalent of superbugs without ever knowing about them... and knowing that I was right in _real life_ too is pretty scary...
Hm
YOU just made me more curious ..........
You guys didn't link to the "Gross Science" video in the description. :-(
Well, One Cut And I'm Dead.
You guys should watch the 'resistance' documentary on Netflix. It's great, and scary
Hey guys I've had a blocked nose for like the last 5 months or more so yeah
I dunno what's going to happen
Oregon Trail ftw!
dangerous papercuts
so I know when it's time to sink or swim, that the face inside is hearing me right "underneath my skin"
Oswald Rayleigh DUDE I WAS JUST LISTENING TO THAT SONG. Linkin park rocks
It's the also more use of antibiotics on cattle feed to fatten livestock. Farms are providing the perfect environment to create antibiotic resistant strains, not just our use of antibacterial drugs and soap. Definitely right on how antibiotic resistance propagate; conjugation, mutation, transformation, transduction and other elements like transposons.
I just straight up refuse to take antibiotics unless the infection is some serious shit
u ded.
Im in the same bus dude
just wet my head and get drunk to let the fever do its job
GeneraL_LOL that's the point
Unfortunately I don't take antibiotics for common flu, i have only taken it when i had gotten typhoid when i was young.
I got an ear pit infection last year, too bad the bacteria was resistant to antibiotics .-. What should've been something that lasted a week turned into something that lasted almost my entire summer break and 2 surgeries
Yay positivity
yeah... I got an infection that hurt my ear, I took 3 pills a day, and now I'm just fine
Thanks to super-bugs or to overuse of antibiotics?
I think the biggest thing about antibiotics is that people think they absolutely need them when they absolutely don't. People need to get in it their heads that sometimes taking an aspirin and having a good nights sleep is better medicine than what a doctor can prescribe.
Dysentery. The bane of the Oregon trail.
I let my immune system take care of my infections
Angus The Beast i only use medicine when my immune system can't do the job
I subbed!
All organisms are meant to adapt in anyway necessary for survival, whether those organisms are humans or bacteria.
i had broncitis a few months ago and luckily no superbugs developed
i think this video would have benefited from a quick overview of natural selection, because anyone who doesn't understand the concept might develop a misconception of how drug-resistant bacteria come about. For example, with the gazelle-cheetah analogy it would be better to explain that if the cheetah evolves to become faster, the gazelle will evolve to become faster because the slow ones will die off and only those with the genetic mutations to make them faster will survive and reproduce-otherwise, from the way it's worded, "the gazelles have to speed up", someone might think the gazelles just learn to run faster.
0:33 killed my life 😂😂
I just want to say one word to you. Just one word. "Nanobots."
I prefer "Nanomachines, son." But that's fine too.
But putting the nanobots inside could cause bacteria to enter our systems and here we go again.
Bill Malcolm phages are better and it already exist in nature. Just got to find in sewer.
And another words Grey Goo
But theres another Word: Bacteriophages
another word bactriophages
I know the videos here need to be lively, attractive and beautiful, but I feel the need for a deep solemn side when facing with serious, future devastating issues like the Superbugs. People have to be responsible in the use of anti-biotics. I am sure nobody wants to have a future where we constantly have bactierial pandemics, because of their rapid evolutions and our lack sufficient defense. A stronger message needs to be sent out to the audiences. Please do not take our current safety against many bacteria for granted, use anti-biotics with responsibility. Thank you.
Antibiotics: I'ma get u bruh
Virus: U mAD bRo!?
"But hey, at least you've got purpose." This guy sure knows how to burn.
Well, in Russia there are Bacteriophages and so far they are working well they even can work on Cancer but they take long to make for each diease
Disease
Kurtsgezakts has made a video about mackro phages by the way.
Good video ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️😎
funny story, the greeks had already discovered penicillin , when thet noted that applying a loaf of bread with mold on the wounds would help the wounded.
cant die if you sit down inside and watch youtube all day
Yes you could die from blood clotting in your legs or other body parts check your facts
How about superbug VS bacteriophage
good thing the last time i got sick enough to even want to go to the doctor was eight years ago
The only time I ever went to a doctor when sick was to get a certificate so I could skip an exam…
Nothing but a G thang!🤤🤤
Any antibiotic resistant metastatic tumors?
Great video, as always!
Vancomycin, amiright??! 🤛💪💪 That's some strong stuff!! 👀
All of this from a papercut...
*claps*
Hey joe can you make a video about seizure please😃
What about phages?
Amoxicillin:How dare you kill my grandpa penicillin
E. coli:🖕
Are you a Greene now joe?
if you got sick (and its not lethal) just w8 until its over and rest
At the end of the episode he says "were smart as well,
go wash your hands"
Didnt he say earlier that washing your hands could strengthen a superbug?
Im seriously confused, is bleach okay to shower in?
luv ur humor XD, and no, bleach is NOT safe to shower in, you can swollow it, get in ur eyes, or penertrate ur skin
Why not using bacteria phages on super bugs
We need hand desanitization stations.
Why did you swallow the egg without chewing it
🌸 hummm if you live and eat right you don’t have to worry 👍🏼
growing up played outside,
Climbed trees and played with all sorts of wild flowers
Had daily exercises so due to living normally immune system is fortified.
In adulthood, don’t get sick much and I don’t have allergies. Also I rarely get headaches, so I don’t take any medicines etc
Everything in moderation and well balanced to suite you own needs 😊
🥺but if u grew up playing games inside and haven’t really lived yet......hummm tut tut
Why would antibiotics kill viruses what do you think the “biotic” means
Super bugs really scare me like a lot😢
Life will find a way....
Humans will find a way too...
Like we always have....
If the fungus that produces penicillin did so to kill bacteria can we not mix that fungus with bacteria that are resistant to penicillin and see if the fungus works out a alteration to defeat the bacteria again. If this was done with thousands of sample dishes surly "life (the fungus life) would find a way"
So like those lice that are becoming immune?
HI! I am Winter. I am 6. How come we use poo to make medicine?
I have had scarlet fever and I had to get antibiotics and me friend once had a superbug
XDR strain of _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_ laughing in our lungs every time we cough.
watching this in quarantine atm
If I would like to go into further reading about this subject what books would you recommend?
who do we have the urge to itch
Couldn't most of this stuff be avoided by rotating antibiotics. I haven't done any research at all but I would assume that its harder to be resistant than it is to not be. So over a few years bacteria would stop being resistant to antibiotics that they didn't have to deal with while adapting to the other drugs we're using against them. Then we swap out the one they've adapted to for the one they've forgotten and all's well. Might work, I'm not well versed in this science so I may be entirely wrong.
The time when you get older and know all of video of all of channal question