Amazing Space Technology That Never Went To Space
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- Опубліковано 11 лис 2018
- While I love to talk about rockets, spacecraft and satellites it's true that much of the technology developed for the space program was never intended to leave the ground. And yet it might be argued that some of the hardware from the Apollo Program which remained Earthbound has had a more direct effect on our daily lives.
- Наука та технологія
Scott: As one of those "I didn't know I wanted to know that" things: the tones (or beeps) you hear in the Apollo (and Shuttle) videos were dual frequency tone bursts used in the Apollo days to key the remote site transmitters on the half duplex voice communications. The first burst (at the beginning of the up-link transmission switched the site analog radio into the transmit mode and the ending burst, switched it back to receive mode. After shuttle came along., there was an attempt to remove the tones since the digital voice links in the shuttle were full duplex and didn't need switching. However, the flight control team (especially the CAPCOMs) had become so accustomed to hearing the tones, they insisted that they be retained. (Note that the shuttle DID have a UHF radio that was half-duplex and that link needed to keep the tone.)
Gene Kranz mentions in his book going to "battle shorts" during the lunar landings. They would short out all the fuses feeding power to all the consoles and support equipment in Mission Control. They didn't want the fuses blowing unnecessarily during the landing and would rather risk burning out the ground equipment.
That is such an awesome revelation!
Did they stick pennies in the fuse links?
Such a great book!
Wow! Tv monitor which is stream from the camera pointed to another monitor with UI glued on it! Push the button and printed document come to you through a vacuum tube!
I work in a company, which deliver 4K video stream to million users, using AWS computing power to transcode it in real live. But I couldn't print a sheet of paper in an office, because of some technical problems. 50 years passed.
You know what they say, mo' transistors, mo' problems.
computers have gotten too smart for their own good :)
well NASA had problems too, they even had to put secondary power sources when they realized that only one source for all is not safe when tv team were there with their cameras/lights/projector plugged to the same plug than mission control... (spoiler, no mission control anymore for the flight, which was a mercury one i believe. hopefully, times were different than apollo, mission control had a limited control, had more of coordination role, and relied on others team dispatched around the world where radio signals from the spacecraft could be received)
also while you're talking about delivering video, the shot from armstrong's first steps on the moon was received by the australian antenna Nasa used at the time, and they pointed a camera to the monitor there to retransmit it to the world. so the only shot we have is a shot from a ct screen in australia displaying the camera signal, which could not be recorded directly, if i'm not mistaken.
also also, nasa lost an awful lot of data, memories and information of the apollo era because they used tapes which were reused later, mistakenly erased or simply lost, because civil organization with no money indeed.
@@nicolasbousquet7463 IIRC, the reason they pointed a camera at the station in australia was because australia was using a system incompatible with the rest of the world and it was easier/cheaper to just use a camera. They did record the original footage but it was promptly lost when it arrived at NASA.
Actually, it was the Apollo camera that was incompatible. It used slow scan TV, with a unique resolution, and the easiest way to convert to a normal TV signal was to point a camera at a TV.
I had an Uncle that worked for IBM as a subcontractor at Johnson Space Center. He wrote some of the programs that would send test telemetry to the mainframes to test that they were working properly. He did this during the Apollo and Sky Lab Missions. He gave me a tour of the Johnson Space Center in the late 70s., this was before they started have tours open to the public.
I am jealous.
@@scottmanley - As am I, and My Dad worked at Digital and has cool punchcard stories.
@@petlahk4119 You can earn your computer geek pin if you can tell me what a "card block" or a "card gauge" are.
www.nycresistor.com/2012/01/15/ibm-129-card-data-recorder/
In the 70's you could tour a lot of the facilities, unescorted, it was great as a kid. My parents would take us on weekends, because it was free admission, and we only lived a couple of miles from the Johnson Space Center. The original visitor center, which was also like a museum was nice to see, they had an original Apollo Command module on display. I can't remember which reentry unit it was, I was like 7-8 yoa at the time. A full size Lunar Module, and lot's of Astronaut equipment and artifacts from the Space program were on display. I remember getting a lot of sovereigns from the shop inside.
Unfortunately my idiot sister, threw away most of our childhood possessions.
@@Texaca
You have something that can't be thrown away; the memories.
You have memories of something that was vanishing as I was growing up; living in a high-trust society.
Scott "I could talk all day about this" Me Please do :D
@@Rosa-lv8yw Holy shit.
His voice is great for it
@@Rosa-lv8yw if he does make a podcast i think that he would explain all of rocket and space tech in at least 5 10 hour podcasts... im ok with this
@@spongejacobw123 Yeah, cause then we could all go out and build our own Apollo missions!
Well, OK, maybe as computer games . . .;-(
Fred
I'd like another one of these on unused equipment - I feel like this one didn't scratch the surface
yeah where is scott manly joerogan podcast?
IBM 0,6mhz, 1mb memory mainframe -> put man on the moon.
My Pc 8 x 4200mhz, 24000mb -> watch YT mostly.
Quazar501 If it's 24 GiB, then it's actually 24576 MiB.
And meanwhile, my computer (8192 MiB) BSoD'd when trying to use Chrome, Firefox, Android Studio, and Android Emulator at the same time...
System 360 had ferrite core, hand assembled memory. The access time was many microseconds.
You are missing the Very Large Rocket that gave that IBM a helping hand.
They never landed on the moon
Just give me a ZX81 and I will rule the world!
Re: Neil punching out of the LLTV: Later that day, somebody came by his office to tell him "Did you hear? Somebody had to eject from the LLTV!" Armstrong looked up from his paperwork (probably the "how I pancaked a $gigagabucks test vehicle" report), and calmly said "Yeah, it was me."
I'm guessing the person coming to tell him expected whoever crashed the thing would be in the ICU at that point, not sitting at their desk doing paperwork.
In the early 90’s, I taught Windows 3.0 classes to industry on Compaq laptops that had 20mb hard drives.
I take one RAW photo with my DSLR now that averages 20mb in size.
That camera can take 10 images per second, and write them in batches of 200 images in 20 seconds onto an XQD card that will hold 64gb of information.
This still trips me out when I think about it.
Yep, first time I loaded windows it was on a stack of floppies (not a very big stack mind you) LoL
Both of my parents worked on System 360 in the Kingston IBM facility. Awesome to see some love for the supporting technology in the history of space exploration!
My dad worked there, too. Back in the fifties we lived in Woodstock, NY. I wonder if our parents knew each other. I still have a core memory stack from a 360. 03-03-2020.
I have long felt that the actual mission control systems are much under appreciated. When you said, "I could probably talk all day about mission control and its hardware..." I thought, "Please do."
FYI, the system 360 mainframe later evolved into system 390 and system Z mainframes, still sold by IBM for a wealth, and are still refreshed every couple of years. The architecture is currently called s390x.
btw system Z mainframes STILL use those text consoles
@@DavidGao And even though they can run Linux nowadays, they still have to emulate booting off punch cards.
Keep it up scott. Thanks
One megabyte actually sounds impressive for its time.
It was. Those were monster mainframes, in specs as well as size.
The 360 was 32 bit, som the adress space was not an isse like om the PDP and other mini computers of the time :-)
I've worked for decades in the MCC, and in the early part of my career, there were still quite a few Apollo vets around. They're great to listen to. My mentor was a guy who was key in making the simulators work. For a while, I did tours of the MCC for Public Affairs when various tour groups would visit JSC. The best thing about living in this area is getting the chance to talk often with Gene Kranz (we go to the same church). He's probably forgotten more stories than most people know (and he has a mind like a steel trap). The engineers of that time did amazing things with technology that we would today throw out as useless museum artifacts.
I love me a great Space Video
Hey go to star citizen
Strazz McCallister
TheNOOBIFIER1337 a no bullshit space video
hey noob!
gaming with egoon hi
"I could probably talk all day about mission control..." PLEASE DO!!!!!!!!!!!!! :-)
This is really cool stuff, i am always curious about the 'behind the scenes" of big projects. Thanks for the bits of curiosities Scott!
Scott, I think this is actually my favorite video I've seen you produce! So many things I didn't know! Thank you 😊
Thanks so much, Scott! It's so easy to take for granted how amazingly smart and clever the Apollo era (and earlier) engineers and designers truly were!
Perhaps those flying-bedsteads are the only simulators in history to have been more dangerous than the thing they were simulating, and that will probably always remain true.
Arguably they were less dangerous than the actual LM, since they had an ejection seat. If one of the flown LMs had suffered a failure equivalent to that of Armstrong's LLTV, it would have been fatal.
It also would have been on the moon, which would complicate rescue efforts somewhat.
Its true! When Neil punched out the thing was oscillating in every possible gyration and direction. Its a darn good thing that they equipped that thing with the capabilities to punch out! It was terrible!
@@cynthiaklenk6313 The Neil's ejection is the less dramatic. I think you talking about Algranti's crash. That one was crazy.
Really great video! Well, I couldn't expect no less from Scott :)
Also, a very nice topic to bring about. There were so many innovations going on back then... 60's were a thing.
Thanks for an awesome breakdown. Listening to your segment about the simulators reminded me of my training in the Air Force when I was going through ground training to become an In-flight Refueling Specialist on the KC-135R. The simulators were very crude in terms of visual displays. I believe they used a large RPTV that displayed the aircraft that we'd refuel in what I would consider maybe PlayStation 1 graphics. However, that's not what is interesting about that. Our classrooms had model aircraft hanging from the ceiling all throughout. Every refuel-able aircraft there was pre-2000's. They used to use those as the aircraft in the simulator. The window between the boom operator and the aircraft was actually a magnifying glass which made the aircraft seem larger and give a real sense of depth while the boom flight controls control a miniature boom used to connect to the model aircraft. The simulator operator would control the speed of the aircraft's approach via a rail that the aircraft moved along giving it forward and back as well as up and down/side to side movement. I only got to hear about the process but never got to witness it. It's amazing how far things have come since I was a boomer but stories like that, you never forget.
Great idea, featuring this kind of behind-the-scenes technology! Also emphazises the point what a massive project Apollo was, wich the Saturn V just being the tip of the iceberg, of sorts.
I would love this topic to be a series!
Absolutely brilliant vid Scott. Yes, please more of the same. And thanks for your brilliant channel.
Thank you for the effort, very interesting and well documented.
Thanks for this short peek to the past. That whole bit about the console displays in Mission Control was all new to me. Did not know that. Thanks!
Love the video be cool to learn and hear more about those early days. And those videos from those days are a great touch
"Hello it is Scott Manley here"
me: hello Scott
Great and informative video. You are the person who got me obsessed in space after watching your KSP vids. Thankyou and looking forward to seeing your future ones :-). Fly safe
When I saw the title, I was expecting a video about technology that was developed, but not used for various reasons. While I think that would be an interesting topic (and one you've covered in certain specific cases), seeing what the people on the ground had to work with is also quite interesting.
I’m so glad I stumbled across your channel. Always great content.
I hope you never stop making cool space videos
09:13 That crash happened just six weeks before Apollo 11 took off, I believe.
Also, the LLTV, or “Flying Bedstead”, was such a beast to fly, that you needed a fair bit of training before you were allowed to train in it.
Indeed, amazing !
1:03 any context to this image?
Equations are orbital equations for various definitions of orbit (equations including eccentricity, eccentric anomaly distance, and velocity, etc) the second from the top seems to be the nbody problem. Would be neat to know what caused the picture though for sure.
if I'm not wrong its all the math the lander computer use and the people responsible for creating it.
Try reverse image search.
@@itsJPhere reverse search doesn't help much, all I could find out was IBM ads (since it was IBM that made the apollo computers), with no mention about who are the people on the picture.
@@danilooliveira6580 Try Tineye its the best image searcher i've ever found it just cant find stuff on say facebook/instagram or tumblr.
great video as usual. love the apollo stuff!
You produce a tremendous amount of very entertaining videos. Thank you for making my breaks from lectures 10x better!
This is just waaay cool! Great video Scott!
Fantastic subject, great video!
Very interesting and really packed with info! Thx for educational videos;)
Loved this! I was always transfixed on the TV images of NASA’s mission control room during Apollo. It’s great to learn a lot of these specific devices and methods. Thanks Scott Manley.
Such great timing with the completed restoration of the Apollo Mission Control consoles!
Holy smoke, how awesome is the shot at 6:28! I didn't even knew something like this existed in the Apollo-Era! This is beyond awesome!
Scott: one of the (possibly apocryphal) legends that are widely passed around JSC is that during some of the final sims leading up to the Apollo 11 mission, the Sim folks wanted to test the LM crew's reaction to smoke in the LM cockpit, so they planted a smoke bomb under one of the panels in the Simulator LM cab. Armstrong and Aldrin are doing their landing thing when the smoke bomb is triggered. But, Armstrong, thinking the LM SIMULATOR is on fire, busts out of the simulator, runs down the hall, grabs a fire extinguisher, runs back into the cab of the simulator and sprays the control panel with the extinguisher.
Great video!! I’ve always wondered about those big projector screens.
I stood under the last existing Saturn V last Tuesday. The scale is just unimaginable. It really IS a 35 story building which goes to space. All the little artifacts and trivia about the LEM and the Rovers and such makes me want to be a tour guide at the KSC.
Awesome, clear enthusiasm for the cool stuff on the ground. And it is/was super cool stuff.
Those stuff are so fascinating that I have watched this video twice in a row.
Great stuff! Thanks Scott...
I am pretty sure that nearly all the System 360 realtime software was written in the 360 assembler language. There could have been some Fortran running as batch (not real-time) The terminals would have been IBM 3270's. The 360/67 was the first to support dumb terminals. The operating system was likely OS/360. I think most folks would be surprised by the sophistication of the software even by today's standards and it was written as I say in assembler.
Yeah, actually the entire Architecture is still present and running in a more mature form, nowdays called z Systems.
www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/z
All of the basic logic and system housekeeping that is needed for programming was there. Everything since has just been extrapolation and often obfuscation from the machine level.
The trajectory code from the 1960s persisted in the MOCs (Mission Operations Computers) until they were finally replaced by server-class machines in the 90's. Major fragments of lunar trajectory and orbit code were still in the MOC in the shuttle era due to significant reuse of code. In fact, some of the MOC trajectory code dated back to the Eastern Test Range at Cape Canaveral, with the rest of the traj system built around it. Why was it never removed? Complicated question, with a complicated answer. The biggest thing is that the MOC code was quite fragile in the shuttle era because it was so fiendishly complex. Even the advanced mainframes didn't have much memory, so the code used overlays, which is to say that the contents of a memory location depended on the context of the program segment running. When the segments switched, say from A to B, the memory page for segment B was cached, the memory segment for A was brought in, and then A executed. When it was done, the segments swapped again. This was all in one big executable, so in that way, it was different from paging we currently use. Now, having filled up memory and adding the shuttle modifications, the program was very susceptible to having secondary errors, i.e. if you fixed fault 1, you had a good chance (over 30% probability) of causing a NEW fault 2 due to the complexity and the overlays.
Interesting video, very cool!
We were still using those Mainframes in the 90's in my first job at a Banking clearing house.
the more i dive down in apollo program, the more i became mind blown and appreciate all of the scientist, engineer and astronaut hard work that took part in the mission.
Mission Control needs it's own episode. I NEED MOAR!
Amazing! Thank you for all your research putting this together. This needs to be saved for posterity.
Cool info. I'd love to hear more about the specialized vehicles and support systems like the Crawler, the optics and camera systems used for tracking, the Saturn V launch complexes including towers, and the processes used in the VAB.
Again another great video Scott. Would you be able to discuss co-orbital configuration in a future episode?
Great video Scott. I've always wanted to know how those big screens in the control room worked.
Ooh! Ooh! Do a video on old simulator tech. I've always been fascinated with the simulators those astronauts used back in the Gemini/Apollo days.
This is a great video Mr.Scott
i can name 1 peace of space tech without watching this video.
the launch pad
The launch pad is way more complex than you'd imagine.
@@scottmanley I sense another video coming on. ;)
Thank you mate, amazing stuff!!!!
Highly informative and extremely interesting. Thank you so much!
Please gief me more of these vids. Loved it!
Cool video man!
Thanks for sharing.
Thx. Really a great video.
Had a friend in the 80s that ran a repair department in a large computer company. This department recertified or repaired computer boards to support their older computers. When the company sold new computers they would buy back the older system and parts it out to support customers that still operated their older systems because the computer company no longer manufactured replacement parts for them
:D Fascinating! Thanks Scott!
Love this, so much detail that was never available or explained to us mere mortals at the time. The best we had was James Burke and Patrick Moore on the BBC with their plastic models 😊👍❤️
Very informative and well researched Scott. I learned alot of neat trivia here about lost technology or I should say forgotten technology. Early NASA was filled with innovation. Great video.
Don't forget, the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, the largest single story building in the world!
Also my brother works inside it, working on the Mobil Launcher Platform for the SLS.
Nice pfp
One of the best. Hands down.
Very cool and educational reminder of the behind the scenes.
You think you could recreate the lunar landing test vehicles in good old KSP?
Very interesting Scott. I go back a bit with old-ish computers.... PDP8, PDP11/23 , HP9100, HP9830, and at home. UK101, Acorn ATOM, BBC B and the like. It is a different World now. I still have a working BBC B, but now my favourite thing is Arduinos.
I had an interface for my BBC which allowed me to record sounds and play them back as notes on the computer keyboard. Pretty cool for a 2MHz 8bit CPU with 64K of address space.
Very interesting topic! Please create more of these background info video’s. Love it.
The sophisticated console displays were model ACA10138, they had two toggle switches for power and polarity and two knobs for brightness/contrast with a coaxial input.
Scott. al your videos are wonderful.
GREAT, interesting stories, Scott!!
Your videos are getting more and more interesting
I am beginning to realise that this UA-cam channel is Scott's only way he can get to sleep at night.
It's therapy, his mind is fully loaded with so much information, he has to offload it regularly. Another great video 😎 thanks
It's therapy for a lot of us, too! Seeing common sense real science on an internet so often hijacked by pseudo-intellectual conspiracy theorists helps me get to sleep at night.
@@brianarbenz7206 true
9:05 a video about space conquest cannot be made without something blowing up.
They're like Michael Bay movies
Your depth of knowledge is simply astounding
Good stuff... You should do more on the mission control stuff.
Great Knowledge. Thanks
So very interesting to see! Thanks...
Great video!
great research... so interesting, like no other.
Cheers, nice video !
more like this on this subject please ! :)
freezatron
: Agreed. I'd like to see a similar video, but focused in the support tech of the 60's soviet space program. Would be great to compare.
I'm sure there is more to say on the US side too but yeah, the Soviets had an interesting way of doing things as well, all interesting :)
Fantastic video!
Awesome stuff!
More! Mooooore!
Damn, that's interesting! Never knew those details about Mercury/Gemini/Apollo.
Well done!! That was cool!
This is truly the most under appreciated aspect of the space program.
LOVE your shirt! Very informative - thanks.
awesome stuff
Nice job!!!
Can we just appreciate that, amazing, t-shirt.
I learned to program on an IBM Model 360-65 back in 1970. No display screens or real time interaction then, strictly punchcard deck input and printed output. But I fell in love with computers and the affair continued throughout my career.
This was great. Can you make some more videos of this stuff please?