Funeral March from Star Wars: ANDOR

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 7 гру 2022
  • A score and music adaptation of the funeral march from Maarva's funeral in the finale of Andor by composer Nicholas Britell.
    Please like this video and subscribe to learn more about the music from a galaxy far, far away.
    Donate to my Patreon: / starwarsmusicanalysis
    Visit my other channel for original music and videos: / @derekcoopercomposer
    #starwars #andor #nicholasbritell #starwarsmusic #starwarsandor #andorseries #cassianandor #starwarsmusicanalysis #music #filmcomposer #filmmusic #filmscoring #funeralmarch #andortheme

КОМЕНТАРІ • 559

  • @eosborne6495
    @eosborne6495 Рік тому +1831

    Think of how much we know about Ferrix after just a few episodes of one season. They bury their dead in ceremonial bricks. They use drum patterns to signal each other when Corpos are near. They have a charitable social club for prominent women. They keep their work gear out in the open because they don’t fear theft. The gong that starts the work day has ritual significance. Their grandest building is a historic hotel leftover from colonial times. This feels like a real place. It’s lived in, it has a culture. So when it’s occupied by the empire, we have a real sense of what is lost, and what the people are fighting for.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +189

      Very true. The world building of this show was pristine.

    • @lordhoot1
      @lordhoot1 Рік тому +196

      Compare with the latest season of the Mandalorian, where Nevarro gets bombed and (presumably) a bunch of its inhabitants are killed. It's a moment of spectacle, but there's no real feeling attached because Nevarro, three seasons in, is still just a backdrop and its people are just extras in costume. It's hard to believe these two places can exist in the same fictional universe.

    • @falolklands5475
      @falolklands5475 11 місяців тому +20

      Excellently put.

    • @matthewgillies7509
      @matthewgillies7509 11 місяців тому +30

      Could very easily be my hometown, save for the funerary bricks.

    • @evilolivias
      @evilolivias 11 місяців тому +83

      i care more about ferrix after one season of television than i do about tatooine, despite decades of media taking place there

  • @guapocat203
    @guapocat203 Рік тому +1613

    1st episode: great a lame cheeky droid they’re going to try to make me like
    Last episode: FOR GOD’S SAKE SOMEONE COMFORT AND HOLD THE ROBOT!!!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +162

      Haha. I thought the same thing. I’m glad B didn’t travel with Cassian at all though because then it would have been too much.

    • @hippoace
      @hippoace Рік тому +110

      The droid just wants Maarva

    • @cornblaster7003
      @cornblaster7003 Рік тому +138

      yeah I love how they treat the droid like a person in andor, it's just another member of this community, the only other one we've really seen like them is the one from solo and that narrative mocks it for trying to fight for it's rights

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +55

      3PO and D-O also speak and have strong personalities. We were meant to feel bad for D-O as well. It was just too forced for an unfamiliar character. Here, we had enough to get to know the droid.

    • @derry667dingo
      @derry667dingo Рік тому +38

      Yeah, it was when the Prefect guy kicked Bee that powder keg exploded and the riot really kicked off.

  • @DraugSatan
    @DraugSatan 5 місяців тому +103

    Andor really is the only part of Star Wars that doesn't feel like a soulless toy commercial. It is genuinely one of the greatest works of serialized science fiction ever made. I can't reason with Star Wars fans who dis like it for not having more clones and jedi and cameos.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  5 місяців тому +11

      I can’t either but I also haven’t met them. That sounds like SW Theory talk. lol.
      I do think we should appreciate that the movies that came before though really made this show possible.

    • @philippfischer1793
      @philippfischer1793 2 місяці тому

      Opfer

    • @MechaLeo
      @MechaLeo Місяць тому +5

      Andor makes the rest of Disney's, er, occupation of Star Wars worth it. There can be another dozen flops for all I care, flops always happen anyways, but for the production crew and cast of Andor, it's a privilege to have made something as phenomenal as this show, and it's a privilege that one way or another an audience could see it firsthand, or learn about it from the accolades of others, and love it in spite of what expectations preceded it. A great work of art is in the moment, not what's to come or what has been.

    • @Tomcat_Centauri
      @Tomcat_Centauri День тому +1

      People who dislike Andor are the same who dislike Dune, and it's sad because it shows how the average audience is conditioned to appreciate cheap and fast action, flashy visuals, and epic fights. Character development, world building, quality writing and storytelling and incredible dialogues are secondary if not tertiary concerns in mainstream media entertainment.
      You can't reason with those people because to put it bluntly, they just lack the intellectual acuity to enjoy a series or a movie that is slow-paced and takes its time to tell a gripping, mature story. For me Andor is mind-blowingly awesome, on a level that i never expected to see in Star Wars, even before the Disney era. It is a brilliant show by all standards, not just by the ever-lowering Star Wars standards.
      That show was made for adults, by people who understand that the kids who grew up with Star Wars are now grown ups.

  • @crumplepunch312
    @crumplepunch312 Рік тому +1130

    Gets to you, doesn't it? That's what a reckoning sounds like. You want it to stop, but it just keeps coming. It's when it stops. That's when you really want to start to fret.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +61

      I didn’t want it to stop. Haha

    • @derry667dingo
      @derry667dingo Рік тому +36

      The essence of Maarva 🥰
      It’s exactly what a reckoning sounds like

    • @Freelancer4tehwin
      @Freelancer4tehwin Рік тому +24

      Yo! I don't see enough people drawing the parallel between Maarva's reckoning speech, and the reckoning that is her funeral. Nice shout!

    • @TheNorthie
      @TheNorthie 25 днів тому

      “Why? What happens then?”

  • @winespringinc.9447
    @winespringinc.9447 Рік тому +1285

    It feels so much like a funeral march that is played by a community marching band. Nothing to fancy but very impactful

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +152

      That’s my favorite part. Most creators and engineers would have just gone for the pristine studio sound which just always immediately feels disconnected.

    • @mrhelzbygrad7485
      @mrhelzbygrad7485 Рік тому +91

      It sounds like a funeral march by the Ferrix steelworkers union band, outsmarting the authorities by using the music as a cover for perfectly choreographed civil disobedience. It shows the hidden power of a cohesive community that authoritarianism just doesn't know how to deal with.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +41

      It makes you wonder how long they had been planning this parade march mutiny.

    • @CantankerousDave
      @CantankerousDave Рік тому +20

      It turns into a battle march after that pause midway through.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +45

      I love the way that it communicates their anger and rebellion directly to the imperial troops in front of them. Then switches to a Major chord as they circle in towards each other.

  • @cccspwn
    @cccspwn Рік тому +369

    The build up from ep1 to the season finale is truly masterful and one of the best I’ve ever seen. I love it. Andor is the best live action Star Wars material since the original trilogy. Best material along side rogue one Disney has produced by far!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +12

      Yeah. Gilroy’s entire approach is about direction and Britell aided that wonderfully.

    • @ryangossett8211
      @ryangossett8211 Рік тому +1

      Best thing since Empire!

    • @orbaitv5991
      @orbaitv5991 8 місяців тому +1

      Rogue One isn't the best at all.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  8 місяців тому +8

      It certainly has to be up there in the Disney era of content but what would you feel is the top choice?

    • @carterf3585
      @carterf3585 5 місяців тому +5

      Gonna be real. Andor blows the original trilogy out of the water. It resets the bar for what Star Wars can and should be.

  • @willnash7907
    @willnash7907 Рік тому +626

    This series had no right being this good
    I don't expect the quality to last but gosh I hope it does by some miracle.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +88

      I think it will for this series. Gilroy really knows what he’s doing and cares about the quality more than fan service. Go figure, it leads to an incredible result.
      As for the rest of the content, it will certainly be a step back in quality but I wouldn’t be surprised if Star Wars creators are taking some hard notes right now.
      Keep in mind that the majority of Mando season 3 and Ahsoka was finished though before Andor released so this will be a long term change.

    • @willnash7907
      @willnash7907 Рік тому +30

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis
      I moderately like Mandalorian S1 but it does not come close to how much I loved Andor. I hope they keep that spark.
      Mandalorian S2 was a letdown for me. Did not watch the third.
      My worry stems more from studio execs than the creatives. Either cutting funds because "it is a hit anyway" or messing with it for mass appeal. Just look at what AMC did to Walking Dead.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      That’s fair. Mando season 3 isn’t out yet. The execs have proven to be clueless in the past but perhaps more directors will allow themselves to ask for what they want going forward. Ultimately, at least we have this show.

    • @matheuss886
      @matheuss886 Рік тому +13

      @@willnash7907 I come from the future to tell you Mandalorian Season 3 is also, so far, a let down :(
      I really can't wait for Andor to come back and fill our hearts with joy... at least one last time before Star Wars goes for good with its last breath.

    • @frogsaup
      @frogsaup Рік тому +3

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis its fanservice is something different, its extremely faithful to the universe, and that was something i really enjoyed as to me, the universe is far more fascinating than any character in it

  • @alpergokcer9438
    @alpergokcer9438 Рік тому +220

    With this episode of Andor, Star Wars universe somehow reaches to the level of Godfather type cinematography.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +23

      It definitely had a bit of that feeling. Like anyone could be taken out at any moment. Everybody was ready to pull the trigger on someone in this episode.

    • @justinwong1072
      @justinwong1072 Рік тому +17

      The scene had the feel of the Troubles era of Northern Ireland.

  • @melialialee5445
    @melialialee5445 Рік тому +247

    Ferrix is a family and this music is just so perfect. It starts off as a mourning and then after the pause it turns into love and care and then into rebellion it’s so beautiful

  • @cappasgtgaming
    @cappasgtgaming Рік тому +346

    A Rebellion Is Born. This Musical Score Is A Masterpiece.
    Somber yet inspiring at the same time.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +26

      It was a bold move to not do something more cinematic. But that rejection of the norm is what made it so special and powerful.

    • @Keithustus
      @Keithustus Рік тому

      But they already got so much money in Solo.

    • @MrHereWeGoYo
      @MrHereWeGoYo Рік тому +2

      Well said.

    • @glitterboy2098
      @glitterboy2098 Рік тому +5

      a rebellion is born.. in the funeral of a republic.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      I hope we see that there other instances like this all over the galaxy in season 2. Maybe not just like this, but little micro-insurrections that people/survivors flee from to build the rebellion.

  • @UnsortedSeeds
    @UnsortedSeeds Рік тому +205

    This was my favorite music in the show. All of the music in Andor was absolutely phenomenal, but the funeral march gave me chills when it played with this scene. I was barely breathing, and the tension was so strong by the time everyone finally gathered in the town center. And then Maarva's posthumous speech. And then that Imp kicked over Bee. And the tension snapped, and there was chaos.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +13

      Gilroy was a master of timing and Britell’s music complements it well. Since this is where they began in planning the entire show, this music likely was an origin for many of the other pieces we hear throughout the series.

    • @emmagaroutte9211
      @emmagaroutte9211 7 місяців тому +5

      When I saw this scene… I just thought: This is no longer a Star Wars show. This is a story of war. A tale of loss…tears… cruelty… and defiant bravery. Nothing is sugar coated. These people have been through so much, but they all share a deep love for each other that not even a horrific system like the Empire can stamp out 🥹

  • @willemmeulemans277
    @willemmeulemans277 Рік тому +603

    I'm really looking forward to the day that this piece will be played live, by an actual marching band. Perhaps even the Grenadier Guards!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +52

      I was thinking how cool it would be to see a high school marching band do this but then I realized it probably won’t happen since it’s not a show for kids.
      A DCI drum corps or the GG would do an incredible job with it though!

    • @punkandprovocation
      @punkandprovocation Рік тому +40

      A tool of fascism playing an anti-fascist piece of music? What do you think Maarva means when she says "fight the empire"?

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +58

      I don’t think the piece was intended to be anti-fascist. It’s likely a traditional Ferrix piece played at all funerals, regardless of allegiance.

    • @Martell364
      @Martell364 Рік тому +55

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis While it may not have initially started out as that in-universe, this song has a very explicit anti-fascist context.
      First of all, the imperials (=fascists) only allowed the people of Ferrix a funeral with 40 people. They came out playing this song, with a band and crowd of way more than 40 people, instantly turning the funeral, and by association this song, into an anti-fascist demonstration.
      Also, if we take an out of universe stance. This song was played on an explicitly anti-fascist show, at a pivotal moment that started a rebellion against a fascist recime. How can this song be anything less than anti-fascist?
      So yeah, this song being played by a military band would be weird (to put mildly).

    • @Alexus1138
      @Alexus1138 Рік тому +24

      @@punkandprovocation if all militaries are tools of fascism, who defeated the Nazis in WW2?

  • @DarthTofu2
    @DarthTofu2 Рік тому +184

    If you’d approached me in 2013 and told me that the best piece of content that Disney would churn out was gonna be an off-key marching band for an old lady’s funeral, I would have assumed that that meant Disney mishandled the property. And like, yeah, Disney has done a pretty shit job. But Andor was nothing short of a masterpiece.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +16

      It really was. It was the perfect marriage of music and story telling like Star Wars was always meant to be.

    • @swashhustler1326
      @swashhustler1326 Рік тому +16

      Tbh I think Andor was good DESPITE Disney. It had next to no advertisement before it started getting popular, was a backburner project while Boba Fett and Kenobi were the big expected moneymakers, which means Disney wasn't doing much of imposing strict heavy deadlines or micromanagement. So the art was allowed room to just breathe.
      Just my 2 cents at least. A guess from an outsider's perspective.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      I think you’re right on. I also think the other shows were rushed and sloppy because of being slowed up from quarantines.
      Apparently Gilroy was adamant that they do things his way or he wouldn’t do it though.

    • @Sinewmire
      @Sinewmire Рік тому +11

      ​@SwashHustler "how did Disney allow this to be made in their name?!"
      "You think they're listening? Nobody's listening!"

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +8

      NOBODY’S LISTENING!

  • @pistons121460
    @pistons121460 9 місяців тому +38

    The show we never wanted, but always needed. Beautiful

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  9 місяців тому +2

      Yep. And now every other show will be held up to its standard for better and for worse.

  • @Je1imanek
    @Je1imanek Рік тому +39

    this scene is intense AF

  • @Journeyman.71
    @Journeyman.71 Рік тому +38

    4:04 When the tempo increases, and they begin the final quick-march forward, I get chills, every time!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      That’s when things get serious. Such a great track.

    • @Wassim.H
      @Wassim.H 11 місяців тому +3

      It was inspired by Ennio Morricone's tema di Ali
      In the battle of algeirs movie

    • @Journeyman.71
      @Journeyman.71 11 місяців тому +1

      @@Wassim.H Wow, thanks! I did not know that! Went and checked it out, and, yeah, I hear it!

  • @playfulruss4227
    @playfulruss4227 Рік тому +97

    In a series with so many strong musical pieces, this remains my favourite - it's so utterly affecting, so utterly powerful and so utterly awry.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      I think having it be so immersed in the story goes a long way as well. This is completely different from any other music in the entire series.

  • @cornblaster7003
    @cornblaster7003 Рік тому +123

    I love this song so much, it's a mournful one, fit for a funeral, but the defiance is evident in it as well. the empire will fall when the citizens of Ferrix and elsewhere start to play songs like these, when they start to unite under the banner of the people, of the workers, of the republic, the separatists, and may the force help them when those banners start to merge into one

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +8

      In the book “Heir to the Jedi” there’s a section about musicians being imprisoned if they performed certain music or songs. I could see this being part of the reason why.

  • @jameswood805
    @jameswood805 Рік тому +81

    such a powerful piece of music. It starts of so mournful but then becomes so defiant and determined.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      It was so well thought out and choreographed as well. Then entire scene takes up a lot of the episode, which just adds to how impressive it is.

  • @Somethingbloody
    @Somethingbloody Рік тому +24

    It was so unexpected but some-how perfect that when the crowd starts advancing menacingly, it's the flutes that are so far forward.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +4

      Apparently flute players make good human shields.
      But in seriousness, I’ve always been curious at the order of instruments for parades. There’s no set order and anywhere you go, you’ll see it change.

    • @Somethingbloody
      @Somethingbloody Рік тому +4

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis haha I see how it could be taken that way but by "forward" I meant like "prominent in the arrangement" like it's not advancing drums or the modern Nolan/Mass Effect low BWOOAMP but flutes twirling high and and bright.

  • @michaelwalsh2095
    @michaelwalsh2095 Місяць тому +3

    Between the story, the actio and the music, this episode was absolute perfection. Without a doubt the best thing thatvwas ever done in the Star Wars Universe!!!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  16 днів тому

      It all comes back to pacing. For this episode to work, the entire series had to be paced correctly.

  • @paulboger3101
    @paulboger3101 Рік тому +76

    The raw emotion of this music, combined with the film sequence shows how much the show writers cared about the whole show. This scene turns into the bloodbath that follows gets to me all the time.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +5

      Raw is the perfect word. It feels so natural and real to us. I’m so thankful that they created this show.

  • @Loy_Otterton
    @Loy_Otterton Рік тому +29

    This song is so powerful, the fact it is being play d by characters on screen makes it very personal for the people.

  • @m.e.3862
    @m.e.3862 Рік тому +19

    The music is great but what gets me choked up is the chant of “stone and sky”. It feels genuine and traditional and a chant that unites the whole community. Just amazing stuff

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +2

      I think it was the combination. Everything about that scene was so genuine in feeling.

  • @croweau
    @croweau Рік тому +109

    You can hear/experience funeral dirges much like this in the streets of New Orleans around Carnival & Day of the Dead. There's a collective of musicians & artists in Krewe of Eres who write & play compositions much like this while parading thru the streets of the upper 9th ward down to the Industrial Canal/riverbank of the Mississippi river in the dark of night. Burning torches, dancing, grieving - a powerful, anarchist public ritual. You can't find a map, it is spontaneous & radical. When I saw this episode, I just howled - ERES! The spirit is there, and real

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +19

      I know those bands well. I absolutely love NOLA and visit MS often. It’s a little different here. I compare more to funeral marches of Hispanic Catholic Churches which are typically just a bit more dirge-like but it’s not that much different.
      Thank you for watching!

  • @h0tkn1f3r
    @h0tkn1f3r Рік тому +23

    I just watched Andor again over the last few days, and again, I was in floods of tears.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +2

      I bet it’s intense to watch, knowing everything that’s going to happen now.

    • @ryangossett8211
      @ryangossett8211 Рік тому +2

      I've watched through two times so far. I will be giving it a go a third time at some point before season 2 comes out.

  • @cyprio_
    @cyprio_ Рік тому +33

    this is not just a funeral march, no this piece of music gave them the power to fight. They made this piece to be a war song as much as a funeral song imo.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +4

      Maybe. It feels very traditional. That’s why Bix knew and could him the melody. Ferrix didn’t have a need for it before now.
      And the choreographed March/parade feels too scripted to be something they just came up with. I think this is something they do routinely.
      The difference was the intent and inner emotions that they had while doing it this time. They weren’t doing this with mourning; they were doing it with intent.

    • @bartmoss
      @bartmoss Рік тому +2

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis Late finding this, but in my mind, the scene of Bix humming in that cell is meant to show the music is powerful enough to start her healing. It is literally lifting her up. She hears her cultural music, and it is the fact that it is the funeral march I think is important. Listen to what Marva said in her speech about the first time she was at a funeral. She wanted to be "lifted". The chant of "Stone and Sky". This is a people who celebrate who they are by celebrating those who have died by saying, "This person is special. They get to be remembered in the brick, the very thing that makes us who we are". The Empire tried to destroy Bix's mind, but her peoples' music cured her.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +1

      I think that’s definitely true but I still believe it’s coming from a sense of memory as well. This is similar to what occurs for Alzheimer’s patients. If they hear something from their childhood, it temporarily can restore portions of their brain. But they have to have the music in their memory first.

    • @bartmoss
      @bartmoss Рік тому +1

      @Star Wars Music Analysis I agree entirely. Music has a way of reaching memory for everyone. It doesn't surprise me that it helps Alzheimers patients.

  • @DugNick3
    @DugNick3 4 місяці тому +5

    I just had an email come across my desk and the colleague has, "Past President" in their email signature and I about started crying.
    And then I came here and did start crying.
    Because holy hell, the sheer volume of this scene with the truly excellent score just...intense. Intense without blasters or lightsabers is something truly special too, and so needed sometimes. Great video, living for the fortissimo at the end, just unreal how well the power of the people message resonates with the music direction. Stunning.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  4 місяці тому +1

      The writers did a perfect job a pacing this show and especially this episode. Nothing is rushed which lets us live in the details of the moment.
      Thank you for watching!

  • @garyblacklidge1282
    @garyblacklidge1282 Рік тому +27

    I could see the Danish National symphony doing this and absolutely killing it like they do with everything else.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      That would be incredible. There definitely should be an orchestral suite made for Andor.

  • @spinelle
    @spinelle 6 місяців тому +6

    I just finished Andor and was blown away. The funeral march was haunting.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  6 місяців тому +1

      It’s so well paced. That’s what I keep coming back to. It takes a long time to develop, but you get so much from the scene because of that.

  • @umairzia3846
    @umairzia3846 Рік тому +21

    I love the buildup to the final confrontation with the goons of the empire. I love the speech that followed after where Maarva beckons them to fight a losing battle, and THEY DO !
    Masterful and poetic, this equals to or is even better the Bad Batch !

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +4

      It’s hard to compare to the animated series but the pacing in this entire show was just so well paced.

  • @Saph638
    @Saph638 8 місяців тому +7

    Andor is arguably the best Star Wars has ever been

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  8 місяців тому +2

      In some ways, yeah. But I don’t think Star Wars could survive just off of content like this. Andor couldn’t accomplish what it has without the content that came before it to open up these story lines.

    • @michaelwalsh2095
      @michaelwalsh2095 Місяць тому +1

      No arguement. It is

  • @borgthepig
    @borgthepig 2 місяці тому +4

    Ferrix really took the whole “they can’t take us all at once!” Thing really seriously, making a massive band for the funeral 😂
    Andor is the best Star Wars since probably the og trilogy. It feels so real, the characters are compelling, the actions of people feel like they matter. It’s not about the big powerful Jedi and warriors, it’s about everyday people and their struggle against the empire. And Luthen’s look during Maarva’s death speech is amazing. He’s realizing what’s happening: the world is standing up. These notes aren’t just a funeral march for Maarva, it’s a funeral march for the Empire. The march that shows the end of the empire’s free rein on the galaxy…

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  2 місяці тому +1

      It was all about pacing. We bought into everything the characters did because the creators took the time to let us understand them. We were immersed in the funeral march because we understood Ferrix well enough to care.

  • @robertoaguirrematurana6419
    @robertoaguirrematurana6419 2 місяці тому +4

    Star Wars always talked to our inner child. Then Andor has this bold idea of talking to the adult, and it succeeded.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  2 місяці тому +1

      The child has grown up and still has a Star Wars show to watch when their kids go to bed.

  • @mariatourino9545
    @mariatourino9545 7 місяців тому +4

    I love how they're marching towards the Empire with this almost joyfull (at the end) music.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  7 місяців тому

      I see it as they’re ignoring that the empire is there. “You’re not going to stop our traditions”.

  • @ShadesApeDJansu
    @ShadesApeDJansu 5 місяців тому +5

    【Shades Finnish Pirates】So epic, i was like my wow my ears opened when this started playing and after knowing the fate of Andor in Rogue One it makes this all more dramatic song

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  5 місяців тому +1

      Compared to everything else in the show being synths, this really grabbed everyone’s attention.

    • @ShadesApeDJansu
      @ShadesApeDJansu 5 місяців тому +2

      Truly, master piece grabs everyone like Darth Vader grabs people with force choke and thank you for answering / uploading & happy christmas time & May the force bit with you & blessings@@starwarsmusicanalysis

  • @johnnyhall3
    @johnnyhall3 8 місяців тому +3

    Maybe my favorite scene in all of Star Wars. Honor, courage, beauty, resilience, passion.

  • @andrewkessinger5966
    @andrewkessinger5966 Рік тому +27

    This would adapt to the pipe organ really well.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +5

      Flutes and Brass. You’re so right!

    • @gaskamp2
      @gaskamp2 Рік тому +1

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis You can make a pipe organ sound like bagpipes, there's a reason it's called the queen of instruments!

  • @athroughzdude
    @athroughzdude Рік тому +15

    It is a really good funeral march. Props to the composers.

  • @IsaacKuo
    @IsaacKuo Рік тому +26

    I think score part 3 just dropped [edit added: Yeah, it did - and just looking at the track titles I'm not sure I'm emotionally ready to listen to all of these]

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +3

      It dropped this morning. Haven’t had a chance to listen yet but I’m sure it’s incredible.

  • @Siemion_
    @Siemion_ 9 місяців тому +7

    This music brought me to tears while watching Andor

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  9 місяців тому

      I think the entire setup before the music had a strong impact as well.

  • @user-cp6zk9sn8v
    @user-cp6zk9sn8v Рік тому +17

    This is absolutely masterpieceful
    This theme and "Your father would be proud" are the most powerful and emotional pieces of whole SW music ever created.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +7

      Britell used simple harmonies, emulating a folk-style music. It was truly effective.

  • @alfredwaldo6079
    @alfredwaldo6079 Рік тому +10

    Just watched the ending... again and this song makes the ending 500% better. I also love the felling of hearing the instrumets in disunity combining into one tune

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      Agreed. It’s reflects the greater level of time and care put into the entire show over these little details.

  • @chriskiczula5717
    @chriskiczula5717 8 місяців тому +5

    The story this song tells is so powerful, the strength of unity, and the resilience through struggle

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  8 місяців тому +1

      I love the way it slowly comes together at the beginning. From uncoordinated individuals to a massive coordinated ensemble.

  • @Zenn3k
    @Zenn3k 7 місяців тому +3

    Even now, at the 4 minute mark section, I tear up, every damn time.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  7 місяців тому +1

      I can’t wait to see if/how they reference this moment in the next season. Will this be a pivotal moment in the growth of the rebellion?

  • @znilu
    @znilu Рік тому +46

    This scene is amazing!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +6

      It’s such a massive part of the last episode which is awesome on its own but everything fed off of the drama of the scene as a whole and the pacing was incredible. They really showed us how well Star Wars shows can be done.

  • @TheBenjaman
    @TheBenjaman Рік тому +64

    This is fantastic, i could definitely see this being very usefull to some people.
    Great video!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +6

      Thank you! I love putting the notation overtop the video for that reason. Easy enough for people to take from there and do with as they please. Thank you for watching!

  • @anakeveney7186
    @anakeveney7186 Рік тому +5

    The same composer who created the comet's crashing into the Earth in Don't Look Up wrote this, and it shows. Beautiful.

  • @jacenvila3962
    @jacenvila3962 Рік тому +20

    Beautiful track. Filled with musical symbolism for anyone who wants to look for it.
    The show was marvelous, this music track was perfect for the climax of that episode, and you've nailed it with the adaptation.
    You've earned a new follower.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +2

      Thank you! The entire soundtrack has incredible symbolism but this moment was just so pure and acoustically raw. I sort of felt bad making an electronic version. So, I’m relieved that you really liked it! Thank you for watching!

  • @beaub152
    @beaub152 7 місяців тому +3

    I really liked this show, im a big sucker for good worldbuilding and this did such a good job, this was a great climactic scene

  • @paulcrimson3824
    @paulcrimson3824 2 місяці тому +2

    4:05 is my favorite part. And damn Andor is so good.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  2 місяці тому +3

      Nothing says “we mean business” like some good old compound meter. Haha.
      Andor was crazy good. No franchise can keep up that level of quality. But it will certainly continue to be a compass for where other creators imagine they can take a galaxy far far away.

  • @abysslheritier2252
    @abysslheritier2252 Рік тому +5

    2nd commentary :
    1st listening in the episode : OMG, so freaking good!
    2nd listening alone : F*ck...it's so damn good. My lips are shaking, can't figure why
    3rd listening : why am i crying?

  • @outsidestuff5283
    @outsidestuff5283 Місяць тому +4

    Ferrix gives me the vibe of a yorkshire coal mining town. They have an incredibly strong community and proud traditions but are downtrodden by the government. They even have the silver band too.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Місяць тому +1

      Apparently that was a large part of the inspiration for this scene and the setting.

  • @abysslheritier2252
    @abysslheritier2252 Рік тому +12

    Honnestly...i would like to have this at my funeral. Really

  • @nickscope27
    @nickscope27 4 місяці тому +2

    in essence this is Cassian attending his own funeral too. Here he gives his life to the rebellion for real and fully commits to the cause. His old self truly dies here with marva. Also he never gets his stone.

  • @piwniartysci
    @piwniartysci 5 місяців тому +2

    I love small atentuon to deatails. The uniforms, the insteuments and that the orchestra steps match the drums.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  5 місяців тому +1

      This show was constant attention to detail. I continue to be in awe of it.

  • @bastie3477
    @bastie3477 13 днів тому +1

    I love this scene. Star Wars at its best.

  • @bashkind97
    @bashkind97 Рік тому +21

    I was waiting for this video! Thank you!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +5

      My pleasure. I’m glad I could get it out before Britell drops the OST as well. Thank you for watching!

  • @MightyScharp
    @MightyScharp Рік тому +5

    This is a masterpiece for the shot!

  • @MatthewStevensonIndyLibrarian
    @MatthewStevensonIndyLibrarian Рік тому +20

    Best diagetic music in the Star Wars franchise. Sorry Cantina Band

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +4

      If the modal nodes started an all out riot, they could be considered again though for sure.

  • @fernandovejarmora6069
    @fernandovejarmora6069 8 місяців тому +2

    Something told me that when I watched this episode, that it would be my new favorite moment in all of Star wars. Even though at the time I had start to lose faith in it. It didn't take me long, but then survivor got me back into it and I revisited this episode

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  8 місяців тому

      I think Andor was something the fandom really needed to restore some faith.

  • @stephanstrong92
    @stephanstrong92 Рік тому +5

    Thank you, Nicholas Britell! It’s a beautiful!!!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      He did a great job at a simple rule. “Keep it simple but interesting.”

  • @Thaumh
    @Thaumh Рік тому +11

    Now I'm just waiting for some New Orleans born Star Wars mega-fan to have this at their funeral march before the jazzy "Second Line".

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +4

      Haha. There’s a bunch of people typing up there final wishes right now.

  • @ZAjosh
    @ZAjosh Рік тому +4

    Les Mis in Space, loved it! The tension in the scene that is highlighted by the score. Not a word spoken.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      It’s always great to see familiar and identifiable concepts brought into Sci-Fi.

  • @noelht1
    @noelht1 5 днів тому +1

    Andor.
    Star Wars for grown-ups. Pure art

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  5 днів тому +1

      Agreed. So masterfully done but I can’t imagine kids watching it.

    • @noelht1
      @noelht1 4 дні тому

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis they’ll grow into it I’m sure. Xxx

  • @VishnuKamath
    @VishnuKamath Рік тому +2

    This is really happening around us. THis music brings tears

  • @ulrike8233
    @ulrike8233 10 місяців тому +2

    Danke für die Noten zum mitlesen. 🎶👌😍

  • @bheem_1028
    @bheem_1028 2 місяці тому +1

    Just watched it and it's one of my favourite star wars series 💞 love from India 🇮🇳✨

  • @Simon-ch7yd
    @Simon-ch7yd 10 місяців тому +1

    Just keep coming back to watch it over and over again.
    Andor gritty atmospheric great plot development , superb scripts great character development. Totally authentic.
    This is how Star Wars should have been from the get go.
    All produced and filmed in the UK

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  10 місяців тому +1

      It was an incredibly fine show. Of course, so much of that can be attributed to Tony Gilroy which makes it difficult to continue or replicate.

  • @alexanderpalmer2647
    @alexanderpalmer2647 3 місяці тому +1

    2:52 just gets me. Its just so much, the weight of seeing marva's gravestone really just hits this scene home for me. And it takes a whole new feel. And i definitely cried for a character we only knew for a few episodes. This is what all of this is for, this the culture of ferrix.
    This is their community, their values and history. And with a ll the uncertainty leading up to that scene, it really just nails the head on the imperial coffin. That no matter how much you try an opress, no mater how much you try to repress an entire culture, it will thrive. It will rebel, and the community will be stronger deslite them.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  3 місяці тому

      That section felt like something ancient and personal. Like a folk song or hymn that every person from Ferrix would instantly know.

  • @brianmcmahon7711
    @brianmcmahon7711 7 місяців тому +4

    I hope someday I may accomplish something worthy enough to earn the right to have this theme played at my funeral.

  • @scaniatex
    @scaniatex 8 місяців тому +1

    When it picks up this turns into a battle march. Love it.

  • @sproge2142
    @sproge2142 6 місяців тому +4

    Pro tip, have the notes play when they hit the left side on the screen, not as soon as they come in on the right, it's pretty useless to see the notes you've already played instead of the ones you are about to.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  6 місяців тому +1

      Thank you. I wasn’t initially intending for people to play along with these, but it seems to have evolved into that.

  • @jadenfreqedit4585
    @jadenfreqedit4585 Рік тому +2

    IK I COULDNT HAVE BEEN THE ONLY ONE THT WAS MINDBLOWN BY THIS SONG
    WHEN I FIRST WATCHED

  • @magniland291
    @magniland291 6 місяців тому +1

    When I heard it on the show, it reminded me so much of the funeral march we use in Finland for statesmen and military - March of Narva (Narvan marssi). That one I believe originates from Ireland and then made its way to Swedish soldiers few hundred years ago. The tempo was ever so slightly faster, but then later on was slowed down and given lyrics. This one is a wonderful piece too.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  6 місяців тому

      That makes sense then since that’s where it was inspired by. (Ireland) I think it’s a concept that nearly all Western cultures are able to identify in some way with which is why it worked so well.

  • @Dracobyte
    @Dracobyte Місяць тому +1

    Awesome theme!!

  • @lonesurvivor8828
    @lonesurvivor8828 Рік тому +6

    Really great job with this!!

  • @lindadorgan1752
    @lindadorgan1752 Рік тому +4

    My absolute favorite part of the whole series. Just the looks of grief, determination and contempt for the Empire on their faces. This was their Do You Hear the People Sing:
    Do you hear the people sing?
    Singing a song of angry men?
    It is the music of a people
    Who will not be slaves again
    When the beating of your heart
    Echoes the beating of the drums
    There is a life about to start
    When tomorrow comes
    Will you join in our crusade?
    Who will be strong and stand with me?
    Beyond the barricade
    Is there a world you long to see?
    Then join in the fight
    That will give you the right to be free

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +1

      It was a great homage to Les Mis while also being incredibly unique to itself. And with the way they brought all of the characters to one place, it really felt like a true and natural climatic finale.

  • @deepinder54321
    @deepinder54321 8 місяців тому +1

    I have this saved on spotify, it never fails to pump me up. Amazing piece of work!!

  • @kyronecamilleri9560
    @kyronecamilleri9560 Рік тому +3

    this series gave me hope that theres sill someone who cares at disney

  • @HenriNioto
    @HenriNioto 2 місяці тому +2

    This scene for me was obviously inspired by the funeral of General Lamarque in Les Misérables (I may be wrong, though ^^). If I'm right, what a cool inspiration for a Star Wars series.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  2 місяці тому

      I think that was part of it but the creators pulled from a lot of inspirations for this from what they’ve said.

    • @scaryghost5721
      @scaryghost5721 Місяць тому +1

      Agreed, Cyril hunting Andor is literally Javert hunting Jean Valjean. A man of the law obsessed on hunting a criminal.

  • @brianhoffman9536
    @brianhoffman9536 7 місяців тому +1

    I never caught on just listening until looking at the notation here how every four bar phrase in the main section is cut one beat short of what you'd typically expect.
    Honestly, kind of a brilliant minor detail to have in a funeral march.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  7 місяців тому

      Yeah. I think Britell may have done that to make it feel unsteady to reflect the amateur musicians.

  • @florapolitis7902
    @florapolitis7902 Рік тому +6

    So wonderful^^
    May the force be with you.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +1

      Thank you!
      And with you!
      (If you check out any of my breakdowns, I think you’ll enjoy my sign-off)

    • @florapolitis7902
      @florapolitis7902 Рік тому

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis De rien mon ami.
      Vive la Rébellion !
      Rebel Alliance vaincra l'Empire et libérera la Galaxie.

    • @florapolitis7902
      @florapolitis7902 Рік тому

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis Because this song always makes me cry.

  • @Afinati
    @Afinati Рік тому +3

    Marva, after losing her partner and her adopted son to them- after seeing her home turned upside down by them- after old age and illness took her-
    She fought and made a difference.
    So many people have given everything they have for justice, for freedom, for their communities only to leave it all behind in small ways and large, justifying new comforts as earned from past sacrifice. We see this moral rot EVERYWHERE in political and corporate life.
    Maybe even Marva would have done so in an earlier time; maybe she even did. But it doesn't really matter, does it? Empire is unnatural; it has to work constantly to sustain itself. At any time, anyone can make a choice to resist. And that resistance can become a conduit for all the will that people share.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      And sometimes we never even know or get to see the results of our actions, like Maarva.

  • @sofiamusica6897
    @sofiamusica6897 Рік тому +7

    Genial, gran trabajo!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +1

      Thank you! It was a fun project to put together. And thank you for watching!

  • @jonbaxter2254
    @jonbaxter2254 Рік тому +1

    Beautiful and mournful.

  • @dunit911
    @dunit911 9 місяців тому +2

    this was by far the best thing star wars has done since the OT

    • @dunit911
      @dunit911 9 місяців тому +1

      really gets back to its roots of fighting fascism

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  9 місяців тому

      It knew how to take its time in telling a story. Too many of these movies and shows are trying to rush and cram too many things into their screen time.

  • @hiphopopotamus2839
    @hiphopopotamus2839 8 місяців тому +1

    Andor is easily the best star wars we've gotten since Episode 3 and Rogue One. Absolute chills all around last episode

  • @A._is_for
    @A._is_for Рік тому +6

    STONE AND SKY!

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +2

      This is the way. I mean… Stone and Sky!

    • @A._is_for
      @A._is_for Рік тому +2

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis ONE WAY OUT!....erhm...may the force be with you

  • @Mt-zr5bf
    @Mt-zr5bf Рік тому +16

    I am an grown man With Military Background and i Sheet tears while i heard this in andor.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +10

      I don’t think anyone is immune to emotion. And I could imagine this really touching someone like yourself who fully recognizes the burden of honoring those who have sacrificed. Andor was an incredible series as well and Gilroy and Britell did an incredible job of building us to this moment for 12 episodes.

    • @Mt-zr5bf
      @Mt-zr5bf Рік тому +9

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis indeed, andor is such a magnificent Star wars series. The slow building, the mature Tone, pure perfection and even Universal.
      And i cant belive they composed a funeral march for a 45 Minute episode and Made These 45 minutes so intense

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +6

      Not only that but that’s the first music written for the series so that everything could be paced and coordinated to the music instead of the music having to fit the scene.

    • @priyapepsi
      @priyapepsi Рік тому

      If you were a part of the American Military, then it sounds like you were everything this song stands against.

    • @whattheydidnttellyouwithbr2844
      @whattheydidnttellyouwithbr2844 Рік тому +1

      ​@@priyapepsi I don't think you know both sides of that story. You should really read both stories before you criticize, because if the first couple of episodes of Andor made anything clear reality is complicated.
      Don't be mad at veterans, be mad at the generals or the politicians

  • @GeneralKiustav
    @GeneralKiustav 8 місяців тому +2

    Uno de lo temas musicales que más me han gustado de esta serie. Andor es una de las mejores series que star wars nos ha podido traer.....

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  8 місяців тому +1

      Agreed. I love the part in the middle that Bix begins singing along to. I like to imagine that it’s a Ferrix folk song.

  • @iansargent196
    @iansargent196 Рік тому +2

    Play this at my wake, please.

  • @butterdog7236
    @butterdog7236 Рік тому +7

    grandmama funeral go hard🤘🔥💀

  • @derblock575
    @derblock575 Рік тому +4

    Grandios! Sehr gut.

  • @Paal2005
    @Paal2005 Рік тому +4

    The sad part is that this is never shown to be a victory. It is as Mon and Luthen points out, the start of even more suffering. It would still take more than 14 more years for the empire to fall. 14 years of brutal oppression. 14 years of massacres of brave communities standing up to the empire. Billions, or even trillions, died in this conflict. And it all could be traced back to he design of one single individual: Palpatine. The transformation of the republic to the empire is such a tragedy, especially the scene in RotS, where Padme says the quote: "So this is how liberty dies: to thunderous applause"

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      It doesn’t even end after 14 years. I’m sure there’s a video out there, but I’d be very curious how many people died because of Palpatine’s plots and wars over the years.

    • @Paal2005
      @Paal2005 Рік тому +1

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis Not exactly sure when Andor was, but assumed around 7-9 years after the Empire rose. The empire lasted, as the controlling body of the government, for 23 years (19 BBY-4 ABY). It didn't vanish completely after Palpatine's death, but it was in disarray and would never raise
      again.

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      Sure. But even as late as RoS, he’s destroying entire planets. All the deaths throughout the 9 Skywalker saga films are on his hands. That’s an insane death total.

    • @Ale-dd3ek
      @Ale-dd3ek 10 місяців тому +1

      The show happens in 5 BBY

  • @Thomas-gx3ti
    @Thomas-gx3ti Рік тому +6

    Really great job on this! Would you share a few words on your production process for this (DAW, virtual instruments?) It's always so fascinating to peek behind the curtain a bit on amazing projects like this :)

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +4

      Thank you! Absolutely. I used Sibelius to write out the parts. I exported an audio while running NotePerformer for the virtual instruments. Then, I reduced the parts down to the the systems that you like a piano reduction, highlighted it and exported the graphic.

  • @keppy11
    @keppy11 9 місяців тому +1

    If this music played at every funeral, I'd look forward to the funeral

  • @tmochetmoche4748
    @tmochetmoche4748 Рік тому +1

    Amazing my friend

  • @progrocker2112
    @progrocker2112 Рік тому +4

    Stone and sky!

  • @MarikMelvinSchmishtar
    @MarikMelvinSchmishtar Рік тому +3

    Now that's what I want on my funeral. Need to save that for my future kids just to let them know that I need this

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      Haha. “Hey kids. Start planning for this early.”

    • @MarikMelvinSchmishtar
      @MarikMelvinSchmishtar Рік тому +1

      @@starwarsmusicanalysis Better now than never :D

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому +1

      Funeral Homes in 2023: “We now offer the Maarva package, complete with a rebellious uprising against the tyranny of your choosing.”

    • @whiiir
      @whiiir Рік тому +1

      I and my male cousins carried our grandmother out of the church to Gracie Fields - Wish Me Luck (As You Wave Me Goodbye)

    • @starwarsmusicanalysis
      @starwarsmusicanalysis  Рік тому

      It sounds like she had an incredible sense of humor.