@@absolut7769 Parker is doing absolutely fine for himself. There's a very decent chance (likely in fact) that he makes more than the CEO of this company.
Quite the operation. I spent 30 years there, and was one of the first operators of shovel 344 and 345. Good job on the video and the “regular joe” explanations. 👍🏻
@mattk7865 I'm in the NV desert now. It sucks. It's already triple digit temps in May. Everything is dusty. When its windy you feel as if you're in a convection oven. There is almost no weather, but it can be catastrophic when it rains. And there's not enough greenery around (but it is a desert after all) People in Vegas really suck for the most part, but you'll also find some of the best people on earth there. Overall I'd rate the NV desert (outside of the cities) an 8/10 solely for the good people, but otherwise sucks
it's also an economy of scale thing. the bigger the truck the bigger the volume of PAY-load, per trip, overall cost of ton miles drops. it also takes decades to get to an operation of this scale. to _start_ a mine at this scale is monsterously expensive and takes years of coordination, because even the equipment suppliers do not carry inventory for example. Those big haul trucks are fairly generic, but an operator can't just call up and order 10-20 units and expect rapid delivery. A multimillion dollar shop needs to be built to even finish delivery assembly.
Dude, mining is one of the most profitable businesses out there. Yeah, it's very expensive on big scale but still insanely profitable.Mine doesn't close bcs it's not profitable, it becomes not profitable when there is nothing to dig anymore.
@@seldoon_nemarNah, not really. Things like gold, platinum or amber can be dug with simple pump and washer facility with cost in range of 50k$ and be pretty much profitable.
Welcome to the Silver State! 🤠 This place will make a miner or rockhound out of you before you realize it... ask me how I know 😂 This was a great episode, nice work!👍
@squibbelsmcjohnsonfound long ago ?? Buddy. We’ve only been mining with technology for 40 years. Mining with machinery for 100 years. We’ve barely scratched the surface
There is 6 parts of gold to every trillion parts of sea water. Finding an environmentally safe and economical slight magnetism for gold, then on a big ship troll the seas of the world magnetically attracting gold out of the sea water.
Dec 2017 I had the opportunity to haul the boom pivot base, (63,000 lbs, 9' 6" wide x 13' long x 9' tall) for a Rope Shovel to Round Mountain NV. The Bucket weigh was in excess of 100,000lbs. The bottom door was 13'+ wide x ~20' long x ~2' tall at 35,000 lbs. It took the Cat Team 46 days to assemble the entire project😊 What an experience.😊😊
I spent some time in Elko, NV and a lot of mine workers and people who work on the machines for the mine come from back east for six months at a time, and then move back to states like Missouri. Talked to a few of them in a bar one night, most of them are young guys in their 20s and early 30s but some of them are almost 60+ and have been working those hot, dry deserts for decades
Been watching for years Aaron,,love the content....spent my entire life in the industry...heavy haul transportation.....Any chance you could turn the music down on your videos?...more to a background level!! Thanks.....Dave
I was at a Nevada gold mine, I found a neat heavy dented ball on the ground and brought it inside and put it on my folding table. I came back to the room being evacuated and my ball being removed. Turns out the used ball mill balls can explode from the stress of heating up and cooling over and over as they crush ore. After a few days I found a neat giant scorpion I put in my beverage container and placed on my folding table. The plant manager said I was like a damn child, just touching and picking up everything. All they told me was stay away from cyanide and shinny yellow rocks. Never said anything about balls and scorpions.
After the gold bars get to the point as in this video, 80% gold, is that the end of the road for Kinross, or do they refine the gold further else where? Good video!
There is a new chemical process to extract gold and other rare earth elements from electronics, we will most likely not be sending our electronics to india to have children burn to extract any longer
Make the waste dumps or heap leach look like pyramids. Something to see from the air. How about making a video of decommissioning a big mine? Does a lot of it get buried in the pit?
This is a great video showing the process with great shots. I remember working at Gold Quarry mine with Newmont in summer 2010. Brings back memories. Mining is big business. Crazy enough money can be made to make this happen.
As a retired welder over 35 years, I've replaced enough Gotdayum steel in rock trucks , 777 , 787 , Dozens from a 350 to a D11 cat , Shanks , teeth on shovels , buckets , hoppers belt lines , trains expert on some 1950 model rail cars, to reach Mars and back 3 times ...lol...
Wow... What an amazing process... Glad KINROSS Round Mountain of Utah, allowed you into an amazing mine and how the extremely large process is achieved to create gold bars...
XCITING STUFF! you forgot to explain what happens to the gravity recovered gold from the shaking table though, where it ends up and what happens to it. None the less, quite cool learning about all these steps "exciting" the gold!!
Great informative video on the complete process. I use to work at a small gold mine and mill in the early 80's. As a young kid in my 20's i learned so much about all the different phases of mining. From geology to labor to mechanic to mill man to cook, i did a lot of different jobs. Mining gets into your blood, its not just a job but a way of life.
Miami and Globe Az mining district is cool area , Plus new Resolution mine is close by 8K ft main shaft where block cave deep mine is huge deal . Thx for videos worked mining industry for years back in KY live Az now .
I would say water is too dense to extract gold with. It's too wasteful in other words, I know it is the most abundant ressource doesn't mean it's the best to work with. Gold is heavy, and I can see they are fortifying their process by making as many systems as possible. But they can make do with very few systems. And have like near 100% extraction success. But switching to less dense liquids might be very tricky. But if they can save on consumption somehow then it could prove to be worth it.
I've never understood how that's even remotely feasible considering the size of the operation and how small the output is in physical form. Heavy machines and cost to build the facility and maintain everything. But then again, 15 000 000 Oz of gold is worth $40 billion in today's price. So it kinda makes sense now.
It’d be super cool if you looked at the tailings ponds of some of these mines. I know its not the most glamorous part of gold mining but it’s super cool (to me…I work on a TMA) millions and millions of yards of rock/clay/sand placed super precisely
Wow! That was cool. Now I can put a visual of the mine with the high grade specimens that I recently saw for sale. Nice job. Just for clarity though, cyanide dissolves the gold. Gold will cling to mercury. I'm a retired assayer and refiner of precious metals. Loved my first pit shot also. Incredible!😊
Any idea what the time frame is from the day the mine purchases the CAT Shovel to the time it actually begins operation? How about the time frame involved in assembling the shovel onsite?
I work for cat I have worked on two of the shovels at round mountain but I’ve built some but I don’t know about time from factory to the mine but assembly is about two month give or take a couple weeks
With experienced guys a single shovel assembling is 3months max. I was in the assembling team of the same Bucyrus 495HR2 it took us 3 months and all of us were newbie’s to the shovel we only had 3 experienced guys from 🇨🇱.
What a massive effort. I wonder if the various extraction methods ever stop/start depending on the price of gold (presumably some of the extraction methods cost more/less per ounce)? Or is the price of gold always high enough for it to be worth running the operation always at full steam ahead of time
The new kid on the block is Ukraine, Ukraine has over 2500 tonnes underground so when the war with Russia is over Ukraine will be hot property it has over 14.5 trillion dollars of minerals resources so it's in the top 12 countries blessed on top and underneath. The gold ore will last 100 years.
They literally carved out a canyon... fucking nuts honestly. Both magnificent but completely deranged. I know giant cities are on another level altogether, but this is done by a small group of individuals wanting insane wealth...
Cant believe they've mined all that gold but they just leave it in those huge ingots outside the mine gates?! Like don't they need to sell some Must be a very trusting neighbourhood..
Interesting, I ‘m a geologist with some background in mineral processing engineering. I once got a tour of a much smaller scale, but still profitable, mine in the Flowery lode that parallel to and east of the Comstock under Virginia City. They had just cut into old underground works that dated back to gold rush days. We also saw an old and in the day not so well controlled cyanide mill that looks like desert, but was a Superfund Cleanup site.
I immediately thought the same thing as he as saying it. Then I thought he must know. He does this. Then I thought, I'd really like to know the physics of this if it's true. HELP!
this video was really well done and informative! it's impressive to see how much gold Nevada produces. but honestly, i can't help but wonder if the environmental impact of all this mining is being overlooked. should we prioritize economic gain over ecological health? just a thought!
What most people don't understand is the cost of getting 1 ounce of gold out of the ground and poured into a bar. There are both operating costs and capitol costs. Plus, over time the operating costs, relative to the amount of gold taken out of the ground, go up. Mines vary greatly when it comes to costs, mainly dependent on the quality of the "Dirt" pulled out of our planet. That said, the average "Cost" is probably around $1,800/ounce +-. Add to that, mining is hard work and dangerous.
Im going to adopt that... "It was not my first time, but it was sweet" while pointing the finger directly at them. I call them "greenhorn hunters". You know the type. The subtle pissing contest of who has done more and knows more where they take any opportunity to verbally hint at someone being beneath them in one way or another. At least thats the vibes i always get. It drives me crazy
All of a sudden Parker’s 50k ounces doesn’t seem that much… nice vid as always!
Yea no Parker isnt in the big leagues when it comes to gold mining
Ain't no Alaskan gold mine run by one crew, that's for sure 💀
Watch what they do in Australia
@@absolut7769 Parker is doing absolutely fine for himself. There's a very decent chance (likely in fact) that he makes more than the CEO of this company.
This is actual gold mining, not a soap opera. 🍻🇺🇲
Quite the operation.
I spent 30 years there, and was one of the first operators of shovel 344 and 345. Good job on the video and the “regular joe” explanations. 👍🏻
Amazing!! Thanks for making it happen
How much u make
What was it like living in the Nevada desert for so long?
@@mattk7865 fast women, fast equipment, and fast gold! 💪👍🍻🇺🇲
@mattk7865 I'm in the NV desert now. It sucks. It's already triple digit temps in May. Everything is dusty. When its windy you feel as if you're in a convection oven. There is almost no weather, but it can be catastrophic when it rains. And there's not enough greenery around (but it is a desert after all) People in Vegas really suck for the most part, but you'll also find some of the best people on earth there. Overall I'd rate the NV desert (outside of the cities) an 8/10 solely for the good people, but otherwise sucks
Crazy stuff! The statue of the gold bars at the end is so tiny compared to the enormous mining hole! Geez! So much work. Much respect, Round Mountain!
Thats around 35.6bn worth of gold for anyone wondering
Ah yes but how much are they spending on electricity to produce it, that number is probably halved….
@@joelswfx yeah mining is all about maximizing margins or else the operation is futile
Mmmmmmm cyanide
800,000,000 Million/year approx.
@@Nirotix PAID IN CRYPTO TO FOREIGN CONTRACTORS? WATER HEIST 1312
every time I see a mining video I cannot believe it's actually cost effective, but I guess it is or they wouldn''t be doing it
it's also an economy of scale thing. the bigger the truck the bigger the volume of PAY-load, per trip, overall cost of ton miles drops.
it also takes decades to get to an operation of this scale. to _start_ a mine at this scale is monsterously expensive and takes years of coordination, because even the equipment suppliers do not carry inventory for example. Those big haul trucks are fairly generic, but an operator can't just call up and order 10-20 units and expect rapid delivery. A multimillion dollar shop needs to be built to even finish delivery assembly.
The almighty God created starving African children for a reason. God is wise and resourceful.
@@Landstalker1999 Man created poverty
Dude, mining is one of the most profitable businesses out there. Yeah, it's very expensive on big scale but still insanely profitable.Mine doesn't close bcs it's not profitable, it becomes not profitable when there is nothing to dig anymore.
@@seldoon_nemarNah, not really. Things like gold, platinum or amber can be dug with simple pump and washer facility with cost in range of 50k$ and be pretty much profitable.
Welcome to the Silver State! 🤠 This place will make a miner or rockhound out of you before you realize it... ask me how I know 😂 This was a great episode, nice work!👍
@5:50 - I am already surprised that they skip the larger of the crushing stages and go right to the ball-milling.
They don’t skip it, they do it at the top of the pit and then that crushed rock goes by conveyor to stockpiles
🎶 "She got the gold mine, I got the shaft"
I'm surprised there is enough micro gold in the leaching fields to warrant that extra operation.
99% of the gold on earth is microscopic
@squibbelsmcjohnsonfound long ago ?? Buddy. We’ve only been mining with technology for 40 years. Mining with machinery for 100 years. We’ve barely scratched the surface
@squibbelsmcjohnson lies you speak
There is 6 parts of gold to every trillion parts of sea water. Finding an environmentally safe and economical slight magnetism for gold, then on a big ship troll the seas of the world magnetically attracting gold out of the sea water.
Gold is not magnetic.
Dec 2017 I had the opportunity to haul the boom pivot base, (63,000 lbs, 9' 6" wide x 13' long x 9' tall) for a Rope Shovel to Round Mountain NV.
The Bucket weigh was in excess of 100,000lbs.
The bottom door was 13'+ wide x ~20' long x ~2' tall at 35,000 lbs.
It took the Cat Team 46 days to assemble the entire project😊
What an experience.😊😊
that's amazing!!
You should have replied: “it was a blast”- obviously…. You get set up for comedy gold (pun intended) and miss out… 😂😂
i was waiting for that! lol
Thank You Kinross for the tour !
Makes bitcoin mining look good environmentally...
They have to mine the gold for the connections don't they?
How you going to build that super computer 😂
You should see lithium mines…. It makes oil look good environmentally…
Except for the massive amount of electricity and electronics in the form of servers that is needed to keep track of the transactions!
SAVAGE!!
I spent some time in Elko, NV and a lot of mine workers and people who work on the machines for the mine come from back east for six months at a time, and then move back to states like Missouri. Talked to a few of them in a bar one night, most of them are young guys in their 20s and early 30s but some of them are almost 60+ and have been working those hot, dry deserts for decades
Been watching for years Aaron,,love the content....spent my entire life in the industry...heavy haul transportation.....Any chance you could turn the music down on your videos?...more to a background level!! Thanks.....Dave
Gold, giant craters, heavy earthmovers. This one mini-doc somehow checked all my boxes. Sold! Subscribed!
oh yeah!!
I was at a Nevada gold mine, I found a neat heavy dented ball on the ground and brought it inside and put it on my folding table. I came back to the room being evacuated and my ball being removed. Turns out the used ball mill balls can explode from the stress of heating up and cooling over and over as they crush ore. After a few days I found a neat giant scorpion I put in my beverage container and placed on my folding table. The plant manager said I was like a damn child, just touching and picking up everything. All they told me was stay away from cyanide and shinny yellow rocks. Never said anything about balls and scorpions.
Excellent video! Thanks for making this I’m having a nice little binge on your videos. Top quality production.
Over the same period of time the Super Pit in Kalgoorlie Western Australia produced 50 million ounces of Gold
Around 35 Billion in today's price of gold. Great video!
After the gold bars get to the point as in this video, 80% gold, is that the end of the road for Kinross, or do they refine the gold further else where? Good video!
I don’t know where Kinross refines it’s gold but the mines I worked at shipped it all to a specific refiner in Salt Lake City
Just imagine all this work to produce gold for electronics that just end up in landfills in a few years.
There is a new chemical process to extract gold and other rare earth elements from electronics, we will most likely not be sending our electronics to india to have children burn to extract any longer
Thanks for the inside look. It's always enjoyable to drive through Nevada and enjoy the geology
Didn’t know Trojan made explosives but I guess they were already good with explosions
1:43
😜
Make the waste dumps or heap leach look like pyramids. Something to see from the air. How about making a video of decommissioning a big mine? Does a lot of it get buried in the pit?
This is a great video showing the process with great shots. I remember working at Gold Quarry mine with Newmont in summer 2010. Brings back memories. Mining is big business. Crazy enough money can be made to make this happen.
As a retired welder over 35 years, I've replaced enough Gotdayum steel in rock trucks , 777 , 787 , Dozens from a 350 to a D11 cat , Shanks , teeth on shovels , buckets , hoppers belt lines , trains expert on some 1950 model rail cars, to reach Mars and back 3 times ...lol...
My mom hauls gold ore out of the mine outside spring creek there in Nevada what will blow your mind is Canada owns all that gold
Wow... What an amazing process... Glad KINROSS Round Mountain of Utah, allowed you into an amazing mine and how the extremely large process is achieved to create gold bars...
Gotta say; I have no clue how this ended up on my for you page.... but I'm glad it did; this was quite interesting!
I find it interesting how many different processes there are for recovering gold.
Yeah this is one of the most simple!
We see what you are constantly thinking about A-Aron, separate the race 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣. Love the edits bruh.
For context the average gold bar (like the o e he holds) costs $750k+ USD
You mean there’s no made up drama and bunch of breakdowns , nice professional setup and video .
5:06 I’m guessing the dump trucks drive on the inside, to avoid the weaker edge 🤔
XCITING STUFF! you forgot to explain what happens to the gravity recovered gold from the shaking table though, where it ends up and what happens to it. None the less, quite cool learning about all these steps "exciting" the gold!!
I live a hour and a half from there. Always wondered how they did it. Thanks.
Tonapah? My brother actually work at that mine back in the mid 80’s….when there was still a mountain.
I’ve worked on round mountain, kennecot, battle mountain, twin creeks . Cortez and a few others
Very interesting video. Step one….. removing the overburden look forward to your next video
I was waiting for Aaron to say he had a blast blasting all that rock!
What do you need to work here Aaron?
Mshaw ? Explosives permit ? Osha as well ?
You need the new miner MSHA training. To work with explosives you have to take the training and be registered with the BATF with no felony convictions
That was cool that monument to all the gold taken out of there! 👏
Great informative video on the complete process. I use to work at a small gold mine and mill in the early 80's. As a young kid in my 20's i learned so much about all the different phases of mining. From geology to labor to mechanic to mill man to cook, i did a lot of different jobs. Mining gets into your blood, its not just a job but a way of life.
Damn they dont leave NONE behind😂
Awesome video!
During an internship with Barrick they let me detonate the charges one afternoon. Was awesome
nice!!
Man you are amazing. Love and respect from India
Miami and Globe Az mining district is cool area , Plus new Resolution mine is close by 8K ft main shaft where block cave deep mine is huge deal . Thx for videos worked mining industry for years back in KY live Az now .
Mine, Mine all Mine!!!! Love that cartoon!
I would say water is too dense to extract gold with. It's too wasteful in other words, I know it is the most abundant ressource doesn't mean it's the best to work with. Gold is heavy, and I can see they are fortifying their process by making as many systems as possible. But they can make do with very few systems. And have like near 100% extraction success. But switching to less dense liquids might be very tricky. But if they can save on consumption somehow then it could prove to be worth it.
I've never understood how that's even remotely feasible considering the size of the operation and how small the output is in physical form. Heavy machines and cost to build the facility and maintain everything. But then again, 15 000 000 Oz of gold is worth $40 billion in today's price. So it kinda makes sense now.
It’d be super cool if you looked at the tailings ponds of some of these mines. I know its not the most glamorous part of gold mining but it’s super cool (to me…I work on a TMA) millions and millions of yards of rock/clay/sand placed super precisely
Those are actually bucyrus shovels branded cat.. those parasites took over bucyrus
So Joe Rogan was full of it when he said all the world’s gold can fit in a small room? Those 3 bars outside were pretty impressive.
I want the gold! Bring me the gold! I'm bout to uproot that tree!
Wow that’s about 1245 ounces of gold and silver etc per day produced since 1985.
How much would it cost to build an operation like this from scratch?🤑
Destruyendo ,El ambiente ,acabando con toda la vida ,dejando,solo la Tierra sin vida ,tremenda ambicion sin limited.
Would be nice if that ratio of silver to gold was reflected in the price of silver.
Wow! That was cool. Now I can put a visual of the mine with the high grade specimens that I recently saw for sale. Nice job. Just for clarity though, cyanide dissolves the gold. Gold will cling to mercury. I'm a retired assayer and refiner of precious metals. Loved my first pit shot also. Incredible!😊
thank you!!
Any idea what the time frame is from the day the mine purchases the CAT Shovel to the time it actually begins operation? How about the time frame involved in assembling the shovel onsite?
I work for cat I have worked on two of the shovels at round mountain but I’ve built some but I don’t know about time from factory to the mine but assembly is about two month give or take a couple weeks
They’re usually ordered years out. Assembly takes a few months
With experienced guys a single shovel assembling is 3months max. I was in the assembling team of the same Bucyrus 495HR2 it took us 3 months and all of us were newbie’s to the shovel we only had 3 experienced guys from 🇨🇱.
The video is very interesting, many people would like to have a kilo of gold and see here how much is produced, what life is like.
Good video. 469 ton in 30 years isn't bad either. Wondering what the operating costs are ?
Here we are. Just mining the shit out of the earth for the aliens to have their free fuel.
What a great comment.
Probably only 2% of the mineable Gold in Nevada has been produced.
for anyone interested in how much 15 million ounces cost as of 8 days ago when this video came out it is roughly 3.6 Billion
Why don’t they mine underground?
Underground mining is a lot more expensive per ton so the head grade needs to be much higher.
You might like a tour of one of the underground mines in Elko, it's a different experience certainly.
The giant greater looks so beautiful on the landscape
What a massive effort.
I wonder if the various extraction methods ever stop/start depending on the price of gold (presumably some of the extraction methods cost more/less per ounce)?
Or is the price of gold always high enough for it to be worth running the operation always at full steam ahead of time
The new kid on the block is Ukraine, Ukraine has over 2500 tonnes underground so when the war with Russia is over Ukraine will be hot property it has over 14.5 trillion dollars of minerals resources so it's in the top 12 countries blessed on top and underneath. The gold ore will last 100 years.
You missed an opportunity to say billions in bullion.
So that enormous hole has basically only generated those three big bars. The rest is just waste.
No...
What happens to the byproduct? It’s just sand at that point or is it more complicated than that?
They leave it for future generations to deal with.
great video, watching from Sweden !
One of The biggest open pit gold mine in the United States is in Mojave City California. I've been waiting for a video on that one
Worked there in the early 90’s way before the mills, we just used leach pads
They literally carved out a canyon... fucking nuts honestly. Both magnificent but completely deranged. I know giant cities are on another level altogether, but this is done by a small group of individuals wanting insane wealth...
ive worked at nevada gold mines. the size of the plants and operating costs are billions also
We need more of these mines all over
thats a lot gold kinross has taken out the ground 15mil oz's worth over $295 billion
Gotta knock off a zero :) but still a lot of money adjusted for today's spot price!
good video, hanks for sharing.
WOW What a plant.
Cant believe they've mined all that gold but they just leave it in those huge ingots outside the mine gates?! Like don't they need to sell some
Must be a very trusting neighbourhood..
My kind of humor
400 billion dollars in gold produced since 1980 at round mountain
Interesting, I ‘m a geologist with some background in mineral processing engineering. I once got a tour of a much smaller scale, but still profitable, mine in the Flowery lode that parallel to and east of the Comstock under Virginia City. They had just cut into old underground works that dated back to gold rush days. We also saw an old and in the day not so well controlled cyanide mill that looks like desert, but was a Superfund Cleanup site.
Cool perspective of where I work.
I think the heavier gold will go to the outside of the spiral not the inside
I immediately thought the same thing as he as saying it. Then I thought he must know. He does this. Then I thought, I'd really like to know the physics of this if it's true. HELP!
Tell me you don't understand physics without telling me you don't understand physics.
The water pushes lighter material outward.
This is awesome, can I ask what cameras and lens you guys use?
this video was really well done and informative! it's impressive to see how much gold Nevada produces. but honestly, i can't help but wonder if the environmental impact of all this mining is being overlooked. should we prioritize economic gain over ecological health? just a thought!
What most people don't understand is the cost of getting 1 ounce of gold out of the ground and poured into a bar. There are both operating costs and capitol costs. Plus, over time the operating costs, relative to the amount of gold taken out of the ground, go up. Mines vary greatly when it comes to costs, mainly dependent on the quality of the "Dirt" pulled out of our planet. That said, the average "Cost" is probably around $1,800/ounce +-. Add to that, mining is hard work and dangerous.
3 words.....NO INCLEMENT WEATHER. VERY KEY TO SUCCESS IN THE INDUSTRY. AS LONG AS YOU HAVE WATER.
I have been prospecting and collecting gold half of my life. Sitting on 2 Oz . now. But, how I feel about ra ping the landscape.....is different.
That land won't recover for a millennium.
Whos this ran by? Crazy operation.
4.76198 oz per truck at .54g/t proven... 16.5k per truck at 3.4k CAD tOz... Crazy that just the start of the journey of the Oz too..
You don't make gold you mine it, you make washing machines and toasters.
Didnt show primary crusher, best part.
great job Aaron..... I have relatives that work there. Great to see the bottom of the pit where they work.
That mine has produced of 34.7 BILLION dollars of gold. (At today's prices)
Nice operation and thanks for the video
Im going to adopt that...
"It was not my first time, but it was sweet" while pointing the finger directly at them.
I call them "greenhorn hunters". You know the type. The subtle pissing contest of who has done more and knows more where they take any opportunity to verbally hint at someone being beneath them in one way or another. At least thats the vibes i always get. It drives me crazy
tommy toppers
How do you keep the water from getting in
Typically is another department in the mine and they drill wells around the parameter and pump out the ground water.