Why did the Kalmar Union and Denmark-Norway Collapse?
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- Опубліковано 15 гру 2022
- Why did the Kalmar Union and Denmark-Norway Collapse?
Despite each having their own cultures and people, and now being entirely independent of each other, the three Nordic nations, in particular, have a curiously intertwined history. But why exactly did they end up united? What happened to the Kalmar Union that would eventually be succeeded by Denmark-Norway? And why would Denmark-Norway eventually collapse?...
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Scandinavia is Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The nordic countries is Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland.
This is a history video, how it’s defined in historical sense is correct, it even states why: historical Sweden includes Finland. Also in the anglophone countries Nordic and Scandinavia are the same thing. They really don’t care about 19th century Scandinavianism, which btw has a lot of questionable aspects, like eugenics linked to it. The latter is your definition of Scandinavia.
@@azlanadil3646 Well you're wrong there. The ones living in finland has finnish/russian ancestry, and the ones in iceland has norwegian ancestry.
@@MrSpritzmeister Nordic and scandinavia arent the same thing even in anglophone countries, ignorant people think they are but they arent.
@@starcobra2575 ok, keep thinking that.
@@MrSpritzmeister if they were the same thing why would 2 words exist idiot
Fun fact: the father of Gustav Vasa was locked out from the castle at the day when Kristian II killed all those nobles. However, still believing it was just a big fiest, the father angrily and stubbornly made sure he was let in to the castle so he could rejoin the first. He was one of the nobles that got killed that day.
Huge L
@@reallyaxelstad Huge W, Gustav Vasa wouldn't be able to escape otherwise
@@xaoz2362that's a bad thing...
@@reallyaxelstad For Denmark maybe...
@@reallyaxelstad Are you a Dane?
Man imagine if the Kalmar union stayed together. That would've changed a lot
Well, the scandinavian countries got some sort of union together, we don't need passport or visa if we want to visit or even live in each other countries and we can understand each other. As long as we are citizen in one of the countries we can go to the other like it was the same country.
However we still have seperate governments and politics. Denmark and Sweden are part of EU, while Norway isn't. Just as Denmark and Norway are part of NATO, while Sweden isn't. On top of that we got our own currency, we have the "pant" concept for our bottles which gives us our money back when we return the empty bottles we own.
So yeah, seperate countries but a brotherhood like unity.
Oh, and 'Sverige Dårlig!"
@Timawa Viking Dansk Jävel!!😁
@@timawaviking526 I wasn't sure if you were right about the differences among the Scandinavian countries as I had considered them mundane and trivial! But damn...this thing about garbage disposal sold me! I would die for my country if the rival nation didn't dispose their rubbish the same way as we do!
@@timawaviking526 there was a chance to make one Scandinavian currency?
@@timawaviking526 do you mean the Nordic version of Schengen you literally have on top of Schengen😂🤣
Interestingly, Denmark did NOT hand over "all of Norway" to Sweden, since Iceland, Faroe Islands and Greenland technically were part of Norway. Hence why Greenland and Faroe Islands are still Danish.
Iceland became independent after Denmark got conquered by Germany in ww2
Denmark stole it and still keeps it
@@stc3145 you can have it back. They are expensive and unprofitable
@@velling12 they could be extremely profitable if our politicians actually used the fucking resources there....
@@stc3145 And even tho half their economy is donated danish money, and they are kept safe, have independent government while being able to influence the Danish election, they still complain and say they want independence even tho they could have done it the past 30 years
I love Denmark Norway and Sweden！ I am Japanese and I have pretty much lived all my life in Denmark
Japanese is your ethnic city while culture and nationality is Danish for you
Take me down to the ethnic city, oh won't you please take me home
Really sorry you live in Denmark. Not a fate i would wish on my worse enemy// a Swede
@MaxEdelstahl Haha maybe xD
@@LaerkeHonoka9538 Its a running joke between denmark and sweden we dont really hate eachother but we have a sort of rivalry
Fun fact about Gustav Vasa: He was only much later (after his death) be known by that name. In his day, dynastic names like Vasa wasn't that established until the 17th century in Sweden. Furthermore, the man we know as Gustav had a thing for constantly changing the spelling and pronunciation of his name (like a early Starbucks prank) so in one document he signed "Gustav", another "Gystaf" and so on.
The funny thing is that if Sweden had had Male preference succession laws (like they had until the Bernadottes took the throne), Louise (daughter of Charles XV) would have become Queen of Sweden and Norway, and as she was married to King Frederick VIII of Denmark, their son, Christian X would in fact have become the ruler of all three kingdoms.
Then the king would probably have been seen as legitimate by all nations to a certain degree, and could have caused a new kalmar.
@@jacobnrskov716
And opened old wounds.
@@KimFareseed exactly
I dont understand this sentence. If they had had... ( like they had)? And the rest..Sweden had male succesion laws until the 1970s in fact Prince Carl Philipp was crown prince and they removed that title from him after passing this law and gave the throne succession to the first born child (princess Victoria) instead. The swedish king recently came under some fire for having expressed that, while he didnt have any problems with that law, he though it was mean to take it away from prince Philipp who had already been bestowed that title before the law passed. Prince Carl Philipp was born in 1979 and the Bernadottes took over in 1818, a long time after the Kalmar union times. So im a bit confused as to what you actually mean here but im curious so please enlighten me.
@@jacobnrskov716 Can you perhaps explain what is meant here? Sweden had male succession laws until prince Carl Philipp (current), who had the title of crown prince until the law was changed on the 1st of jan 1980. The Bernadottes took over in 1818 so..im really struggling to follow here.
I think the problem with the union was that one nation had more pull than the other two and thus could force the other two nations into conflicts they didn't want. Denmark seemed more interested in its own growth and power and less about doing what was best for the union as a whole. I can see why Sweden got put up with it since neither Norway or Sweden would ever be allowed to rule over the union as long as the Danish Crown continued to act as the rulers of the union and ignoring the wishes and ideas from the other member nations. I think something similar like the rule after the death of Caesar could have worked where you had not one but 3 people rulling together to keep things going.
the thing is the Kalmar union would never really have worked no matter who was in power Denmark Sweden or Norway it happen to be Denmark that had the final say but if it was any of the other two there would have done the same for themselves. that period of time was all about greed
@@michael-gb3rn Yes, as it still is - with the Danish constant lies, corruption, serfdom and sex slavery of the majority of her own, it's more than understandable nobody want anything to do with the place - still in 2022. Fact is, the Danes have not developed at all, since the day it became Denmark. Everything there, is based on 100% lies and, nothing else - a sad "happy" place 🙁!!
@@Jetmab04 lmao, why are you so butthurt? you don't like history? by that response your either Norwegian or Swedish but my guess is your Swedish. but its okay my friend i know its hard to be Swedish we all fell for you.
@@michael-gb3rn Wrong - I'm Danish and, I know my History and present very well thanks..
@@Jetmab04 well apparently you don't every single thing you just said was done by every single country trough history when you try to just put it on one then you clearly dont know your history
Nice video. But the map is a little bit wrong. You haven't included Halland as a part of Denmark and Bohuslän is still a part of Denmark-Norway after the Karl X war(both on the west coast). It's actually kind of important because the reason my homecity Gothenburg was founded was because there were only a small bit of swedish land on the west coast and therefore the only place you could have a port.
Agreed, a big thing. It was one of the most affluent parts of Norway at that time, and also held most of what was left of the Norwegian nobility. It was a far greater loss for us than Jemtland and Herjedalen.
Copenhagen is also placed in the east of Zealand and not in the middle of Funen as shown. Denmark had the largest trading fleet in the world at that time and just like today they transported all the food and supplies, in this case to Napoleon. The backstabbing swedes, russians and preussians blamed Denmark and so, not only did Lord Nelson perform an act of terror in the bombardment of Copenhagen, he sank half of the danish fleet and took the the rest.
@@erlandnettum6680 Interestingly it's to this day still named after the Norwegian castle of Båhus, which is probably the best preserved Norwegian medieval castle, although it's currently not in Norway but Sweden, of course. (Akershus has been remodeled several times since but is also a contender for that title I guess)
I noted that most Historical youtube channels uses pretty much the same music source as soundtrack.
And I love it!
The only thing i'm waiting during the week !! If you and others historical channel were not here i would not be there anymore too !! Thank you guys
More detail about the Brits motivation to attack Denmark-Norway: Denmark-Norway had the second biggest navy in Europe at the time, surpassed only by who else but the Brits. The Brits were therefore afraid of the Danish-Norwegian navy falling in the hands of the french. Which made them send a letter to the Danish king telling them to let the Brits protect their navy and/or side with the Brits or get crushed. Denmark-Norway wanted to remain neutral and hence, the navy got destroyed and stolen.
However French would have attacked Jylland if Denmark joined the brits. And the danish King Frederik 6. was a fool.
@Martin Møller Skarbiniks Pedersen nobody knows, but atleast then Denmark could have used its navy
There was no escape for Denmark they're reachable by land this Napoleon would kick their asses anyway
@@TheBarser Uh what? Every dane knows that Frederik the 6th was a complete tool, riddled by mental issues and completely in the hands of his advisors.
@@4CelciusDegree apparently you haven't heard the part where napoleon was the overall loser but ok 😍🤣🤣
Britain: "Independent countries defending their neutrality and minding their own business... That's offensive!"
Their naive neutrality endangered Britain.
Why is Halland drawn as part of Sweden when it was a Danish province?
At what point in time? The map they're showing was changing constantly as borders where redrawing, including the lose of Skane, and Jamtaland to Sweden, and then the south-eastern tip of Norway to Sweden after the forced union.
Halland was Danish until 1645, when it was handed over to Sweden for 30 years. In 1658 it became a permanent part of Sweden along with Skåne and Blekinge.
@@kacperp2669 Sounds like the used a 1645 map until they changed it to a 1658 map.
The Map is not correct in the west cost of Sweden, which belonged to Norway-Denmark until around to the middle of 17th centuary (except for the Gothenburg area).
I can't help but notice that you refer to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden as the 3 "Nordic" Nations and you refer to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland you called them the "Scandinavian" countries, When in fact these descriptions should be reversed as Finland is not Scandinavian.
I always wondered this thank you
Have you ever heard of the term Fenoscandia or Fino- Scandia? It's used when you want to refer to Norway, Sweden and Finland together. Just the three.
Yes, I also watch CGPGrey
Never used or heard of by us skandis for sure.. maybe by 2 professors hidden in the Oslo and stockholm university basements and 4 guys on youtube..
@@thomasfoldvikbruh don’t talk ignorance on behalf of us. It might be a term used less than other terms but it is still known.
Fennoscandia is the geographic region of Finland, Sweden, Norway, Russian Karelia and Kola region that form a peninsula in Northen Europe. Scandinavia is usually mentioned as a cultural region that consists of Sweden, Norway and Denmark but geographically it only includes Sweden and Norway because Scandinavian mountains are located there.
However Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries but those who use the term like that are usually illinformed about the Nordic countries in general.
Stupid term, it should be Swedonavia
great video! - Would be nice if you added in Years / Dates, so it would be easier to follow along the timeline.
That was insightful!
I literally just spoke with my friends about Denmark-Norway this week and now you released a video about it.. Are you watching me?!
baader-meinhof phenomenon
I literally just mentioned the Kalmar Union to my friends earlier this week too
Was it that obvious? 🤔
Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job
Agree!
Scandinavia = Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
The "Nordic countries" = Scandinavia + Finland and Iceland.
you forgot Åland and Greenland they are also part of the Nordic countries, but you are right Scandinavia is only Denmark, Norway and Sweden and it's only common for non Scandinavians to include Finland and Iceland -we never do that in Scandinavia or the Nordics , usually it's Americans who do it
What?
Greenland is a part o Denmark (Trump wanted to buy Greenland from Denmark...remember?).
Åland is a part of Finland. Both of these have special sel governens. Åland as a consequens from WW1.
I think we should add Estonia to the list of Nordic countries. Faroe Islands too for that matter.
Since the Faroe islands are a part of Denmark, the Faroe islands already are a part of both Scandinavia AND The Nordics. Estonia (and Lattvia and Lithuania) however is not. They are a part of the Baltics. Wether a country is a part of a region is not a matter of opinion or vote. Its a matter of goegraphy.
Fun fact about the bombing of Copenhagen in 1807. Besides being the first bombing directed against a civilian population using moderne weaponry. After the Brits stole the Danish Royal Navy. King Frederig VI. made a command to grow a new and vast oak forrest to rebuild the the danish navy.
Back in 2003 the admiralty of the danish navy declared to the minister of defense and our current Queen - Margrethe II. who is the highest ranking officer in the navy. That the Danish Royal navy was ready to be rebuildt,
The Kalmar Union collapsed, but I wouldn’t use that word about Denmark-Norway.
I wish the English speaking world would stop throwing Finland and Iceland into the "Scandinavian Countries."
They are not. They are Nordic Countries, but not Scandinavia. They aren't considered as such by the people who live there. So please, stop perpetuating this myth.
(And no, I don't care that "in English we consider them as such." Doesn't change the fact)
The video description even makes the mistake worse by calling it "The three Nordic Countries" completely flipping the script on the right usages of both terms...
During the break up of the Kalmar Union, the Norwegian nobility tried to break away too. After the Plague most of the nobility was gone so the Archbishop was the leader of the Norwegian Council which represented Norway. The Danes chased him out of Norway and burned down his castle and palace. Then the Danes introduced the Reformation to get rid of the competition from the Catholic Church. Norway was reduced from 1 of 2 kingdoms in the Union, to merely a province of Denmark. The council representing Norway was abolished.
During the wars with Sweden a lot of men from the Trøndelag region served in the Danish-Norwegian army. Some were left in Trøndelag to help with the farming. After a war Trøndelag was handed over to Sweden in 1658. During the occupation Sweden forcefully deported men from Trøndelag to fight in their wars in Estonia. So many men were taken away that there were trouble with the harvest. There was famine in the region because of this. The population grew again only after many years. This has been classified as a genocide by some historians.
Trondheim was liberated from the Swedes the 11th of December 1658 after a long siege. In downtown Trondheim several canonballs have been found in burned ruins during archeological excavations. The archeologists believe that they are from this siege.
Who around the Baltic WASN'T genocided by the swedes at least once? Lol
@@ForageGardener Sure. But Norway is not a part of the Baltic region.
Thanks!
Finland is not a part of Scandinavia, and is instead a part of the Nordics. Scandinavia is more of a geographical term, whereas Nordic is more culture-based. It is a common misconception.
@@snuurferalangur4357 How is it not? The three Scandinavian countries are Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The nordics i would say are the countries in the Nordic Council.
@@snuurferalangur4357 Well purely geographically, modern day Denmark is not a part of the Scandinavian peninsula, but for a very long time we had possessions in what is now southern Sweden, Skåne Halland and Blekinge.
@@snuurferalangur4357 it was
...until 1658!
@Snúður Ferðalangur it used to. Scania where scandinavia got its name was the homeland of the danes. Then sweden took it
@@snuurferalangur4357 Scandinavia was named after Scania a area in southern Sweden which historically has had mostly Danes, so you could argue from that too that Norway was not geographically Scandinavian either, except Norway and Denmark was united in most of that time, and it is exactly because of how many times Denmark, Norway and Sweden has been united that Scandinavia has come to mean something.
If it was just a matter of defining a peninsula then why would they name it Scandinavia after just a very small part of the peninsula at the very southern tip? Scania was first mentioned in written texts in the 9th century. It came under Danish king Harald Bluetooth my ancestor in the middle of the 10th century. So if Denmark had no part of Scandinavia then why is Denmark called Scandinavian today and why was the peninsula named after a area named by Danes first?
Iceland is also not apart of the peninsula, but it WAS apart of the Kalmar Union as it was originally mostly settled by Norwegians and Danes and yet you often hear Iceland mentioned along with Finland too as Scandinavian. My point is that if this is supposed to be a geographical union of Norway and Sweden only then it makes no sense to call it Scandinavia.
Few people refer to all five as “Scandinavian” , they are referred to as “The Nordic countries”. Scandinavia is just the three countries on the Scandinavian peninsula (Sweden, Denmark, Norway) sometimes people call Finland Scandinavian but are quickly corrected, usually by the Finns. Iceland is never called Scandinavian
But at the time Finland was österbotten a d part of Sweden
@@tuff9486 Yes, but at that time Sweden was a nation that was only partially located geographically in Scandinavia. Maybe a bit like how Turkey is an mainly an Asian Country, yet the part of Turkey located on the Balkan Peninsula would never be referred to as part of Asia.
Wrong. The Scandinavian peninsula does not define Scandinavia and never did, and Denmark, a Scandinavian country, has no possessions on the Scandinavian peninsula.
Good video but I don’t know why Halland wasn’t a part of Denmark-Norway on these maps and the brits were attacking the Great Belt instead of Copenhagen. Lastly, the biggest three biggest reasons to why the Northern Seven Years’ War happened was because D-N was unhappy about the dissolving of the Kalmar Union, the Teutonic Order was collapsing and so everyone wanted to feed on that like vultures and Lübeck, Poland and probably Denmark-Norway too, were unhappy with Sweden’s actions in the Baltic. Sweden had blockaded the port city of Narva (northeastern most modern Estonia) and that’s some reasons to why the war between Sweden and Denmark-Norway, Poland and Lübeck happened.
Honestly, i don't even bother to watch the video when only 15 seconds in he already referred to all of the nordics as "scandinavia" - i just know there will be plenty of more misinformation because people don't research enough on the given topic before making a video about it.
I stopped watching after 20 seconds for the same reason.
Same 😅
8:46 That's not correct, Iceland and The Faroe Islands were parts of Norway that were excepted
+ Greenland
In Sweden we still see the bloodbath of Stockholm as the real version of the red wedding
And in Denmark we see it as a glorious moment in our shared history.
@@JezielProdigalSon danish people view the execution of civilians as glorious? now I finally understand what the phrase "there's something rotten in the state of denmark" refers to, your people.
@@Jotaro-o Youre new to european history, arent you..
@@JezielProdigalSon oh please do enlighten me
@@Jotaro-o They werent really civillians, but yes it was messed up. Altough it was pretty much standard practice at the time, Gustav Vasa did similar shit in dalarna. On his way back to Denmark however, Christian II killed a bunch of christian monks by forcing them in to a freezing river - the real reason he got the name "Christian The Tyrant" in Sweden.
can you make similar video on Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
I heard of the Kalmar Union before. But not the history. So thanks for making this video Knowledgia.
A part of my family have lived in Norway since 1600's so my family members have been in norway since Denmark- Norway and all, sadly not much information before then
I clicked this video not to learn about the dissolution of the Kalmar Union, but because I was heretofore unaware that such a union existed. Thanks!
0:10 nope the Nordic countries. Norway, Sweden and Denmark are the Scandinavian ones
i believe there is no other neighboring countries that have had so many wars fighting each other feverishly over the centuries as the Scandinavian countries. Well, Sweden has been in peace now for more than 200 years and with Sweden and Finland both joining NATO, the Nordic countries again coming together.
France and Germany fought a 1000 yr war over Belgium that England won
Another wonderfully informative historical video.
Still waiting on that skenderberg part 2 though.
Same bro
Skanderbeg?
Finland isn't Scandinavian. However, it's Nordic. Scandinavian requires a northern Germanic culture and language. Whereas Finland is a part of the Finno-Ugric culture and language group including Estonia, Hungary and various minority cultural groups in Russia near the Urals such as the Khanti. Swedes in Finland are a minority.
Imagine if the klamar union started up again - and we left EU
Norway was the underdog through all of this, but now, as of the statistics for the third quarter this year, Norway is now the biggest economy out of the nordics (Sweden roughly 139 billion euro, and Norway 144 in the third quarter). Also keep in mind its the lowest population wise, excluding Iceland. Pretty amazing.
Norway was the most powerfull country entering the Kalmar union, however, the power was shifted south to denmark. So when the countries separated, Norway was the weakest.
Which metric are you using? I got curious and googled, because your numbers looked smaller than I expected.
According to the world bank, the GDP (nominal) of Norway was 482 billion USD, while Sweden was 627 billion.
According to IMF, the GDP (PPP) of Norway was 425 billion USD, and Sweden 684 billion USD.
I am unsure were the discrepancy between our numbers come from, but I'm thinking maybe you used another metric than GDP. Maybe total exports?
It is true, Norways economy surpassed Sweden the last quarter this year. This is most likely temporary though. We just have to wait and see.
@@okklidokkli
Please, could any of you guys link me an article or a source? It's not that I don't believe you, but the numbers I find from IMF and the world bank doesn't match this claim. According to the IMF, Sweden's 2022 GDP (nominal) is larger than Norway by ~20% and their GDP (ppp) is roughly 60% larger than Norway's.
At this point, I just want to understand the claim and were it comes from.
EDIT: I found a report comparing for only the last fiscal quarter (instead of annual, which is why the number seemed so low) during which Norway seem to have made mad bank due to the winter surge in gas and energy export. Sweden is larger on the annual basis, though. Also, GDP (nominal) vs
GDP (ppp) is more skewed than normal in this case.
I was really confused were the low numbers for their GDPs were coming from, but if it was quarterly reports, then it makes perfect sense!
IRL RNGsus gave them oil. Before that, Norway was poor without much going for it
Scandinavia is ONLY Denmark, Norway and Sweden. It is called Feno-Scandinavia if you include Finland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Source: Dane, and history nerd.
Almost like unions where you are effectively just taking control over an existing country and people often just grows resentment which means when there's an opportunity to leave they will.
@knowledgiagiveaway 👆👆 Wow Congratulations 🎊🎊
You have been selected among the winners of my Saddest Scammer Awards, now go 💀 please and thank you.
I’m from Denmark it’s cool to see all of the history of the country that I was in😊😊😊
There's more - much, much more from the Universe of Lies...
Also I am from the oldest Colonial and, only a few years ago, a 'flock' of Danish so-called "academics" wandered around some of the Historic areas here in Dublin, talking openly about all the buildings here, that now had to be torn down completely and, all us people here in the city just have to "disappear"... Last sentence heard by I before I turned and walked in another direction was - quote:"when we now very soon, take over everything!" end quote..... Really!?
These "academics" walsed around Dublin for a few days - clearly hunting only God knows what and who - this being on buses, streets etc.... Looking and behaving completely mad..
I assume they were from the Universities in Aarhus and Aalborg
Being from the place, I've no problems recognising language and dialect..
Happy that week that I know where the airport is.. No way, I am ever living in any place, ruled/dictated by the mad-men I experienced these days....
I only wish I could write, it looked as if they had fun... Sadly, they were very serious (completely mad) and, very clearly from one of mentioned universities.
Thankfully Dublin still seems to be on Irish hands.... Certainly not perfect but, compared to these Danish nut-cases (in their 50's), we still have a bit of sanity left...
That is so cool
Can you make videos about Champa and Vietnam?
*And Continuation War 1944* ua-cam.com/video/OGbr-aAnKTo/v-deo.html
Brother plz 🙏 tell me where do you get these maps ??
Thank you from Vietnam ❤
Two important things about the treaty of kiel: While Norway was transferred to Sweden they made sure that the until then Norwegian possessions of Iceland and the Faroes went to Denmark. It also reestablished Norway as a full on kingdom as it had become a danish province instead of a kingdom after all the years under danish rule
Norway was never a Danish province, it was always a full kingdom during the Dano-Norwegian Union, it’s just that after 1537 and especially 1660 Norway’s separate state institutions were largely abolished and replaced by Danish ones in Copenhagen. Norway however continued to officially remain a separate kingdom, not a part of Denmark.
@@LordDim1 sure, like you said it may have been de-jure a kingdom, but after it's own seperate laws were abolished and it was ruled under danish law it was de-facto just as much a province of denmark as Jutland or Fyn. Then it once again became it's own fully seperate entity after the norwegian constitution written in 1814 was accepted and ratified (after minor modifications, but largely the same as it was written in the spring) by Sweden
@@LordDim1 The institutions of a kingdom are what makes it a kingdom. What you are talking about is a title. Norway existed as a de jure kingdom with a title, but there was no actual kingdom as such after that point since it had all been rolled in under Danish law and rule.
If it hadn't been for the treaty of Kiel then the Norwegian titles deprecation would have continued, and it, barring other interventions, would have been equal to many other titles held now by royals and nobles, titles for historical reasons and not for any real world purpose. Again because it is the institutions of a kingdom which make it separate, not the title.
@@NATIK001 Norwegian state institutions actually began to be rebuilt in the early 1800s before the Treaty of Kiel. The office of Governor-General of Norway was revived in 1809, with Crown Prince Charles August appointed to the office, and separate Norwegian state institutions started to be restored, culminating in the formation of the Royal Frederick University in 1813. While Norway was under Danish law during the union after 1660, and as such for the most part continued as a kingdom only de jure, it continued to have some distinctions from the rest of the realm. Most prominently, Norway had a separate currency to Denmark, and the Norwegian army remained a formally separate institution to that of the Danish army
I'm half Swedish and also have relatives in Norway. Scandinavia is a cool place to visit both in summer and winter. Summer can reach early to mid 20s°c and winter is good for skiing. Anyone who hasn't been to Scandinavia should definitely go there
I would love it there, hot af in California
@@Shvetsario I've never been to California but my dad and brother have been. I'd like to visit some day too
@@Shvetsario Is that a comment about another country?!!!!! I MUST BRING UP AMERICA!
Scandinavia is only Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Finland and Iceland are not part of Scandinavia. All five countries are called the Nordic countries.
We didn't collapsed. We married into each other.
Trekanten.
Keep it in the family🫶😻
Scandinavia = Denmark, Norway, Sweden
Nordics = Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Sweden
How did you not even mention the great northern war?
The 5 countries are known as 'the Nordic Countries' not t'he Scandanavian countries.' Americans propabaly do that, but totally incorrectly, Europeans do not.
To summarize the Kalmar Union,
Denmark: treats Sweden like crap
Sweden: *leaves*
Denmark: surprised_pikachu.jpg
Not excactly. Denmarks natural enemies were the north germans where-as swedens main trade partners were those same. So any conflicts Denmark were involved in would harm swedish trade. The bloodbath of Stockholm white ghastly is not an accurate representation of general inter-scandinavian issues of the late middle ages
@@nicolaierikqvist-lygumtoxv3144 That's not all. In order to finance the Danish and German conflicts taxes were raised on Sweden (Norway too) who was already suffering economically. The king of the union had a strong favouritism towards Denmark so he also appointed Danish noblemen as his officials. The Danish bailiffs was very cruel and caused a lot of suffering to the Swedish peasants to make sure they paid their taxes. After complaints the Danish council did an investigation and found the actions of Jösse Eriksson, one of the Danish noblemen who was in charge of collecting taxes, to have been criminal, but still they did not replace him which finally led the Swedes to rebel.
@@Jotaro-o We need a Kingdom Come: Deliverance set in the Kalmar Union at that time.
@@hasselnttper3730 I agree that would be so awesome
@@Jotaro-o Denmark has had a lot of bad Kings and leaders for sure especially after the 1500s, and war is a nasty business. But I think a Nordic/Scandinavian union today would make more sense than a European Union. Heck I would even speak Swedish to make that happen :D I do not see as many things to divide Scandinavia today as in the 17th century where frankly most of Europe had lost its mind.
Finland isn't Scandinavian... 👀 love the video 💯
Yea, only part of Finland that's Scandinavial is Åland.
@@helbrassen4576 And also a chunk of the northern part of Finland. Together with a small part of Russia. Searching for Fennoscandia on the internet should clear things up.
Paris is apart of Normandy
@@MrThhg😐....
@@parisfrance6483 😁
Ah, Bonnie Grace as soundtrack. Good choice
There's an error in your video regarding the Nordic 7 years war: It was Frederich II of Denmark (not Christian III, Frederick's father) who put the Swedish coat of arms into his insignia. Christian III died before this, and he was generally in favour of a conciliatiry policy towards Sweden. Even Gustav I Vasa, who was always semi-paranoid towarda Denmark-Norway, admitted on Christians's death in 1559 that he has just lost an excellent neighbour.
Frederick II, on the other hand, turned out to be a hot-head at the beginning of his reign, and was looking for an excuse to break the alliance with Sweden and declare war.
Denmark Norway never "collapsed", it came apart as Norway wanted out and was given the opportunity after the Napoleonic war.
The name and idea of scandinavia dates back a lot further than the Kalmar union, it comes from the old names Scandza and Scandanan and the area (Norway & Sweden) was believed to have been an island
As one born and raised in Kalmar, you should have at least shown where on the map our town is. =)
The Scandinavian countries are Norway, Sweden and Denmark! The Nordic countries are Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland
So it was basically Denmark and Sweden pushing Norway around
It was basically the Danish aristocracy pushing everyone else around, including Danish peasants, of course!
Well not really
I think the brilliance of Margrethe I can hardly be overstated. A woman joing three countries by diplomacy in 1397. She could not legally by 'queen' in Denmark, so they had to invent a long title for her.
Kalmar Union was my favourite faction to play in Medieval 2 total war (Teutonic DLC). Greetings from Romania.
Wish more people would talk about Denmark stealing Greenland/Faroe islands and Icelend from Norway.
None of these were part of Norway when Norway left Denmark-Norway. Norway´s later invasion of eastern Greenland was clearly a criminal act in breach of international law.
Denmark-Norway: "Alright so we wanna stay neutral in these times of War"
Britain: "THEY'RE TRYING TO INVADE US!!"
More like "we need weapons and Allies to form a defensive bloc to protect us from this nonsense spilling over"
"You could form an Invasion with that. Seems sus."
The nonsense: spills over
The defensive treaty: does not succeed at defense frankly.
Either you actually were preparing for attack, not defense, or
It didn't matter what you declared because you couldn't back it up.
Probably the latter honestly. Which is worse if your goal was neutrality. Should have allied France or England if you wanted the enemy to actually fear your protector enough to perhaps leave you alone.
Very odd map - has quite detailed coastlines but completely paints over the Norwegian fjords, making Norway look very strange.
Scandinavia is only Norway, Denmark and Sweden...
no kingdom can remain united forever, they will be divide someday. But through division, many new nation born, and peoples were able to decided the fate of their own nation.
Love how the border change over in Finland/Russia with no explanation. Yeah video would be longer with it explained but looked funny.
A little mistake at 5:36 It was not Christian III of Denmark-Norway that started the war but his son Frederik II,
Short summary: Denmark-Norway fought so many wars so soon after each other that their War Exhaustion went through the roof and resulted in Norway being afflicted with National Unrest.
Norway?
Right from the very start you got it wrong. Finland and Iceland are NOT Scandinavian countries. The 5 you mention are the NORDIC countries.
i love this channel
Hey bro loved the vid denmark controlled all of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge
Finland and Iceland are actually Nordic countries.
Ah aha ha.. Finland is not Scabdinavia. Finland is one of the Nordic countries. In Scandinavia they talk Scandinavian. Finland has their own proud origin.
We need the Kalmar Union now more than ever.
Can't be done. The Nordic Council and NORDEFCO is about as far as it goes. There's no way Norway wanna share their "stolen" oil money. No way danes would put up with swedish politicians or their toxic feminism, let alone their immigration policy stances and there is no way Norway or Sweden could handle how the danes go about politics in general, especially on the immigration area or contribution to active warfare, nor the active role Denmark seeks in international affairs. Norway and Sweden prefer to sit in their butter holes compared to Denmark.
@@abaddon1371 The toxic feminism and immigrants where something that where popular around 2014-2018 not now and pretend like it did not exit in Denmark and Norway is stupid.
@@ae-jo5gc Are you saying you don't have a problem with immigrants? Like how Sweden has just broken the record for most killings by shooting in 2022? Denmark has never had the level of toxic feminism seen in Sweden. Best example is the video where swedish feminists "debates" danish politicians and others. Just look up the video titled; Denmark vs Sweden Feminism and Gender equality. We are nowhere near how the swedes behave.
@@abaddon1371 I never said anything about Sweden dont problem with immigrants. But the image you have about Sweden died out 4 years ago. And using a clip from a debate from 2015 pretending it was yesterday is quite funny to be honest 😆
@@ae-jo5gc That's the problem with some of you swedes. You get all defensive when suddenly your self-image of being or wanting to be the best shatters. Sweden having a problem with immigrants, ties directly into your immigration policies and the fact that those policies are tied directly into Sweden wanting to create an image of being the most humanitarian country in the world. Sad though, that the cost is the detriment to its own citizens. Also, if you think 2015 is far away or 4 years for that matter, I presume you are not that old.
How did you mess up Scandinavia? It's not like you Google it and get anything except for the three actual countries?
I might be wrong But I thought the Kalmar Union was mainly a trading union and that the nations were still meant to have sovereignty.
Yes, you are sort of wrong.
It was primarily intended to avoid being dominated by the Hanseatic League. To achieve that, Scandinavian aristocrats had to stop infighting.
Margaret the 1st was an absolute boss.
A major thing that wasn't mentioned, is how Sweden lost Finland. In the video ou can see Finland suddenly isn't Sweden anymore, but not said why.
Russia attacked Finland (SURPRISED?), without first declaring war (a habit of theirs, still) 1808. Sweden had seen it coming, but didn't have enough forces to defend all of Finland. (Russia and France had an agreement, saying if Sweden didn't let go of the connection to England, Russia would attack. Sweden stayed friendly with England.) Sweden knew that defending all of Finland was impossible (troops defending Sweden in the south too), and decided to retreat the troops from the Russian border. Russia quickly gained land, drove the Swe-Fin army west and north, and then (it was winter) went over the ice into Sweden. They took the Swedish city Umeå.
Just before this Russia and France had discussed the future of the rest of Europe, which they together dominated, and through Denmark, allied to France, the France-Danish coalition went for Sweden. However England stood up for Sweden, and blocked the French- from taken the Swedish west coast and Skåne.
This attack kept Swedish troops there to defend the south of Sweden, to the favor of Russia.
Sweden tried to defend the west side of Finland, but the Russians were too strong in the end. The Swedish island Gotland was occupied.
When Russia had taken the Åland Islands, they started attacks on the Swedish coast, very close to Stockholm.
The Swedish Commander in Chief, Carl von Döbeln made an agreement with the Russian Commander on the Åland Islands. Sweden retreated their last troops from Åland, the Russians left the Swedish side. (To you who aren't familiar to Åland, take a look on the map. There are plenty of islands to hide ships behind and troops on, annoying the Russians.)
Russia wasn't really interested in Sweden, just the southern part of Finland, for better access to the Baltic Sea, and defence of St. Petersburg, the capital at the time.
(France conveniently forgot about their alliance to Russia and attacked them. They reached and defeated Moscow, to a horrible price.
Russia just backed off, but burned EVERYTHING in the way behind them. They left nothing to eat, nothing for protection for the French army, and the winter hit.
In those days armies stole food etc from the people, whether they stayed at their farms or had fled. (Familiar behavior today?)
The French starved and froze. Many died. They had no option than to retreat.
Anyway, in the piece treaty in Fredrikshamn (now in Finland) Sweden had to give up Finland and Åland. Gotland remained Swedish.
That's the short story, I have left out a lot of things that don't really carry the story ahead.
Interesting. I'm Finnish. What if Napoleon had won the war against Russia. Which would have been destiny of Finland? Napoleon had give Finland back to Sweden or join Finland to the Greater France?
@@TheMiksu68 I very much doubt that he had returned Finland to Sweden😄, since being ally to England, was in war with France, on the Swedish south and west coast. IF he had managed to win Russia, he had probably gone for Sweden too, well aware of that the Swedish army was weak at that point. Through Russia Finland was his, and through Denmark, Norway was his. So why let Sweden be a white spot on the map?
However, that scenario is so far away from reality, it's not imaginable.
The French army had conquered Moscow, but (this is interesting today!*) the Russians started fires, Moscow burned for four days, 5/6 of the city was gone.
Why he aimed at Moscow im the first place, is a mystery to me, when St. Petersburg was the capital city at that time. The fool Napoleon waited for FIVE WEEKS in the ruins of Moscow, believing that the Tsar would show up and sign a treaty. Why would the Tsar bother?
The winter was around the corner, Russian troops had already burned the land, there wasn't food for an army to stay. The Tsar knew Napoleon would have to retreat. Far south-west. And he did. Tail behind legs.
Napoleon started his attempted conquest of Russia with 600 000 men, somewhere between 20 000 to 30 000 returned.
The only competitor to that number must be Russia during ww2. But that war was a little, hrm, longer than six months😉.
(* How many times has the Kremlin asserted that Ukraine has bombed its own land and cities? We have a proberb in Sweden, "Genom dig själv känner du andra", "Through yourself you know others". Which obviously most Russian people believe in, watching TV 🙄 It's sad, actually.)
@@annabackman3028 Tsar Alexander I was cunning. He lured Napoleon's Grande Armee into a trap deep in Russian soil. If Napoleon had attacked along the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea to St. Petersburg, it would have been easier to maintain troops through the Baltic Sea and the population would have been non-Russian, which would have supported Napoleon.
@@TheMiksu68 The weirdest to me, Napoleon started his march from Kaunas, Latvia, passed by Vilnius and kept his eastern route.
It's difficult, the least one can say, to hide 600 000 soldiers, also needing food on their way (they couldn't have been loved by the people they passed on their way), so the Tsar was surely well aware of Napoleon's urge to visit Russia. And prepared for the party.
Napoleon should've brought 1/3 of the army west, through the Baltic, 2/3 from the east, where of a part had have to protect them from behind. That's what I , who is no military tactician at all 😂, see as the most logical thing to have done it. AND NOT attacked in the fall!! How f-cking stupid was that?? How many advisors did he kill or imprison, that tried to tell him about the infamous Russian winters? SOMEONE must have advised him to wait until spring?
Anyway, Napoleon's tactics weren't better than my thoughts about that, that's for sure.😂
Napoleon's megalomania made him take the decision he did, and he was the origin to that Sweden let Finland go.
I have no idea of what it had been if Finland remained Swedish, but international ice hockey had been less interesting 😂
Even before Gustav Wasa Sweden was military opposing the Danes. Perhaps mostly during Sten Sture the Elder in the 1500th century. The Kalmar union were becomming most beneficial to Denmark and Denmark was the old archenemy of Sweden, who often wielded war on Sweden. How could the union could ever survive under danish dominance.
Trivia: there was a union between Sweden and Norway in 1319 until 1355 when dissolved through splitting heritage of Magnus Eriksson into Sweden and Norway.
Forget course the Danish prince that was supposed to inherit Sweden before mysteriously dying. Russia taking Finland form Sweden. England promising Finland to Sweden, but then Russia joining the war, forcing the terms to change so sweden was instead promised Norway for helping against Napoleon. And even after all that the Danish crown prince signed the constitution of Norway and was supposed to be its king, before England again intervened, and Norway had to invent the constitutional monarchy as a way to abide by Sweden's king getting Norway, but getting no power over it.
England's role, with and without Scotland, isn't particularly honorable.
Doesn't have much with the theme of *_this_* video to do, though!
TLDR: Sweden doesn't like it when Denmark has nice things.
I love Denmark but there is something rotten there :)
I feel like you skipped over a lot of the internal politics of Denmark-Norway.
The Kalmar Union was actually led by Danish. That's why Swedish tried to get rid off it.
Don't call me Scandinavian!
11 seconds into the video and you've managed to piss off 3 nations. Finland and Iceland for calling us Scandinavian, and the Faroese whom you've presumably not even mentioned.
your definition of scandinavia is completely wrong
REEEE Iceland and Finland are not Scandinavian countries they are NORDIC countries as part of the Nordic union, Scandinavia = Denmark, Norway and Sweden. And we still love them as brothers, but Scandinavia is just the 3.
ehm no iceland norway and sweden are collectively called nordic countrys (and shetlands but w.e.) , denmark sweden and norway are scandinavia, finland is a baltic or more specifically an uralic country culturally quite seperate from the others mentioned and much more related to the other baltics
Why would you not mentioned the city Kalmar when talking about this?!
@knowledgia You are getting half of the names spelled wrong. Even the ones with normal english letters.
This is a terrible channel with awful English efficiency and plenty of grammatical errors. Also, gross incorrect presentation of Scandinavian history.
It will be 500 years anniversary of the crowning of Gustav Vasa this summer.
It did not collapse. We're just taking a little break.
Interesting documentary, but incorrect maps. Denmark held Halland until 1645, and Slesvig-Holstein until 1864.