2.1. 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Вставка
- Опубліковано 7 вер 2024
- Lecture on the first law of thermodynamics and its applications in ideal gas processes and thermochemistry.
Outline:
0:32 INTRODUCTION: Definition of Thermodynamics
2:33 System and Surroundings
4:16 Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
7:14 Definition of energy
16:34 Statement of the First Law of Thermodynamics
17:19 State vs. Non-state functions
23:49 Work: pressure-volume work, example of work as isothermal irreversible and reversible PV work
54:14 Heat
56:16 Heat Capacity
1:12:30 IDEAL GAS PROCESSES
1:13:19 Isochoric Process
1:17:37 Isobaric Process
1:25:35 Definition of Enthalpy
1:29:55 Cp vs Cv
1:31:43 Cp and Cv of monatomic and diatomic gases
1:35:14 Isothermal Process: irreversible and reversible
1:44:31 Adiabatic Process: irreversible and reversible
2:12:04 Summary of Ideal Gas Processes
2:29:52 THERMOCHEMSITRY
2:33:30 Relationship between enthalpy and internal energy
2:38:14 Calorimetry
2:44:54 Hess's Law
2:51:13 Temperature Dependence of Enthalpy Changes: Phase Changes, Chemical Changes and Kirchoff's Rule
By far the best physical chem lectures currently available on UA-cam
These videos are treasure, your presentation,slides,derivation of equations... Just amazing.I wish there would be more subjects.Thanks,thanks,thanks a lot for these videos.
Wow! Just what I was looking for. Science is science, but teaching is indeed an ART, and you do it very well!
I don't know how else to say thank you for this amazing presentation. You saved my life and also made me enjoy physical chemistry.
Thank You Very Much Dr. May Sibug-Torres for your Extraordinary Series of Lectures on Physical Chemistry.
Very clear explanations.
They have been of great help to me concerning my interest in Engineering Thermodynamics.
Regards and Congratulations
Very clear explanation, neat presentation, extensive input. Simply say! " you are excellent in teaching".
Yup
This explanation just made me realize how easy this is and how bad my professor is at explaining :P Thank you for this.
Hey Sarah. What a great job you have done here on UA-cam. Congrats for your videos. I'll try to do the same in Portuguese as soon as possible. My best wishes
BEst tutorial i ever found, really well explained, great job and thanks a million you are a life saviour
You can make hard concepts easy to understand (since you always relate them to natural phenomena). Thank you very much!
I have been watching and following all the explanations here until I read the comments and people pointing out the continueous use of 'Kay's. Now I kept counting the number s of "kay"s.
It is not cool to point out things like these to every. It is a way for her to keep things flowing. Pointing it out leads to confusion to others like me.
Good job Sara
Thank you so much for posting these. You save lives. Please don't stop!
I love your videos and the way you teach!! I actually solved my test while mimicking the "okay"s, so..there
I have been struggling too much with thermodynamics since the past year and I used to see it as a very abstract and tedious subject, even though I took quantum mechanics simultaneously, I considered thermodynamics much more difficult...until now. Thanks a lot for these awesome videos., you are helping a lot of guys like me around the world and you will go to heaven for that ahaha.
Thank you very much. It actually save me from 16 hours of university lecture which I don’t understand anyway. Hope you can come back and update more videos.
i love you, everyday I love you a little bit more. In all seriousness, you provided me with a great foundation for my class, which I was struggling. I cannot thank you enough!
Sarah, you are the benchmark I try reach :)
In fact U R better than my arabic teacher, your explanation is really made me know how easy this is, just wanna say thank youuu❤️❤️❤️❤️.
Amazing! 1:31:18 made all the puzzle pieces in my head fall together perfectly :) thank you!
I just can't believe that you spoke for 3 hours straight when I have to take a break from studying for 10 minutes.
Clear explaination. It is very helpful!!!!!! Thanks from a Taiwan student.
Goodjob your explanation really helps me who didn't understand anything about this topic...Thank you!!
There is also a 4th law of thermodynamics as entropy is dual!
From a converging, convex or syntropic perspective everything looks divergent, concave or entropic -- the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
All observers have a localized, focused or syntropic perspective.
Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes or Plato's divided line.
My syntropy is your entropy and your syntropy is my entropy -- duality.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Ellipsoids are dual to hyperboloids -- linear algebra & matrices, Gilbert Strang.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Curvature or gravitation is dual -- gravitational energy is dual.
There are patterns of duality hardwired into physics, mathematics & philosophy.
Homology is dual to co-homology.
Integration is dual to differentiation.
Homology and integration reduce the number of dimensions or states -- a syntropic process.
Co-homology and differentiation increase the number of dimensions or states -- an entropic process.
Syntropy (convergent) is dual to increasing entropy (divergent) -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Gaussian negative curvature is defined by at least two points -- non null homotopic.
The big bang is a negative curvature singularity or a white hole -- Janus hole/point.
Janus holes/points have two faces (duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Null homotopic is dual to non null homotopic.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic.
The "bridge" between elliptic curves & modular forms is duality!
Injective is dual to surjective synthesizes bijective or isomorphism.
Thesis is dual to anti-thesis leads to the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Isomorphism is duality: two differing descriptions or aspects of the same thing.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual (isomorphic) to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality is hardwired into the laws of physics & mathematics!
THANK YOU SOOOOO MUCH FOR YOUR HELP,ITS SOOOOOOOO HELPFUL.
really this lecture video is amazing.Thank you
Thank you very much for your hard work in these videos! They are phenomenal!
Thank you very much. Your explenations are really great :) and its helping me much understanding thermodynamics
Need rangkuman dari this video hyungg :")
Teaching of thermodynamics well taught.
Thank you for excellent explanation
Thank You Ma'am! Much Love🌼🌸
Could you send me these slides!
I loved the lecture Stuff!
you are the best , your explaination make me understand to absorbed thermodynamic study. best regards.
hope you make more video regarding chemical engineering subjects, me from indonesia.
omg you saved my life. thank you
Your accent has some kind of Filipino
English accent and it's beautiful.
Good study material for the second exam of chem 18!!!!!
hey sarah im really enjoying this video but i got a little confused somewhere at 1:50:13, i dont get why you choosed to use work= -Pext.dV if the process is done reversibly why no W= nRTln(v2/v1)
Matter can not be created not destroyed. I believe you. This is pretty fancy 😬
very helpful！Thank you for your video
Thank you so much ma'am, i've learned so much! I have a question ma'am, in 1:59:16 , adiabatic irreversible gas, why is it okay to express (V2-V1) in terms of ideal gas nRT/P, when this process is for real gas, hence irreversible. I am quite confused with the part of how the equations are derived while also following the laws or restrictions.
OKAYYYYYY OKAYYYYYYYY OKAYYYYYYYY!!!!!
I'm really enjoying the video. Nevertheless I still don't understand why dU=n.Cv.dT for ANY process for ideal gases...I got it for the isochoric and isobaric processes only.
there are two equations U=Q+W and in other book appears U=Q-W, why??
An answer to your question is that W is already considered negative due to the Work of expansion equation, W = -PexΔV
thanks Sarah, you saved my life
Hhhhhhhh
Can someone explain to me why Enthalpy variation at 2:06:41 isn't zero? In this case, we are talking about an adiabatic process, where P, T and V can vary (are not constants). Enthalpy is the heat involved at Constant pressure. So, why isn't enthalpy zero?
Best tutorial doesn't exis..........
Wow love it. Such a great understanding material you used . Thank u so much SARAH.👍
Thanks for this!
Can you put subtitles, your lectures are very good
thank you very much.
Life saver, thank you!! 😭
this is beautiful; thank you so much.
Camille Paglia and this lady here say the most number of "Kays" per sentence.
thanks
hello, what's the value of delta H and -ngRt to get the delta U @ 2:51:09. upon solving it , im not getting the same answer. can someone double check too? thank you
the answer for delta U was -3263kj/mol . what i got using this, delta U= -3267kj/mol - (6-7.5)(8.314)(298.15) = 451kj/mol
thank you it helped me a lot
i love Sarah May Sibug. She knows how to teah
no its not thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion between heat and other forms of energy
Ma'am in 2:51, i am confused on how on did you minus the delta(n), isn't it 9-17/2?
Is the pressure in the isobaric process the same as the external? Because I didn't see her writting Pext for dw=-PdV
Thank you very much. This is really really helpful
Mam ur lectures r really amazing ... mam if u don't mind can u say me which book u refer....
when adiabatic, q=0, but why H is not zero as H is q in the constant pressure?
q is not zero
But change in q is zero
Awesome!!
For P chem for adiabatic process doesn't deltaU=-w?
Can someone confirm to me that the calculation at 53:36 is correct? It gave me -101.19J :/. Btw, thank you for the video!
are you canadian? love the video btw
You are amazing! Thank You!!
Thnx to lecture mam
at 1;38;48 while calculating no. of moles something is missing can you clarify please
Life savior
Excuse me Sarah but some of my book told me that the work is positive when the expansion form and you telling me that in the expansion form is negative .. could you explain a little? i'm still concern about it and some tutorial said so about this :[
Thermodynamics and physical chemistry are both same subjects but the work done signs are just opposite.
Can we get the slides please for reference
thank you so much!
why is she saying (ok) after each and every word
at 2:38:12, when we're calculating delta-U-not, the PV units end up being KJ, but the delta-H-not is in KJ/mol... am I missing a step?
is the the delta-H-not supposed to be multiplied by 1 mole, since the product is 1 mole of waters, so the units for the answer is in 'kJ'?
+Andrew Nguyenba hey Andrew! Thanks for pointing this out, I think I missed emphasizing a point in my discussion. In thermochemical equations, the delta-H-not is in kJ per mole of balanced reaction as written or (kJ / mol reaction). When we check out the units for the PV work term (delta-n)RT, delta-n is actually change of moles of gas per mole reaction or (change mol gas / mol reaction). What cancels out when multiplying delta-n with R is (mol gas), so the (mol reaction) unit remains. The units for the PV term should be (kJ / mol reaction), same as delta-H-not. I hope this clarifies things!
@@SarahMaySibugTorres There is also a 4th law of thermodynamics as entropy is dual!
From a converging, convex or syntropic perspective everything looks divergent, concave or entropic -- the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
All observers have a localized, focused or syntropic perspective.
Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes or Plato's divided line.
My syntropy is your entropy and your syntropy is my entropy -- duality.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Ellipsoids are dual to hyperboloids -- linear algebra & matrices, Gilbert Strang.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Curvature or gravitation is dual -- gravitational energy is dual.
There are patterns of duality hardwired into physics, mathematics & philosophy.
Homology is dual to co-homology.
Integration is dual to differentiation.
Homology and integration reduce the number of dimensions or states -- a syntropic process.
Co-homology and differentiation increase the number of dimensions or states -- an entropic process.
Syntropy (convergent) is dual to increasing entropy (divergent) -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Gaussian negative curvature is defined by at least two points -- non null homotopic.
The big bang is a negative curvature singularity or a white hole -- Janus hole/point.
Janus holes/points have two faces (duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Null homotopic is dual to non null homotopic.
Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic.
The "bridge" between elliptic curves & modular forms is duality!
Injective is dual to surjective synthesizes bijective or isomorphism.
Thesis is dual to anti-thesis leads to the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Isomorphism is duality: two differing descriptions or aspects of the same thing.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual (isomorphic) to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality is hardwired into the laws of physics & mathematics!
Thanqu mam
great video but for future reference , a little less "kay" would be better.
اين احصل على هذه المحاضرات رجاءااااا
thinks its brilliant
KAAAY
BS CHEM TAMANG ARAL MUNA :DDD
eeeeeeeeedeeeeeeeeeeeeeeddeeeeeeededdeeeeeeeeeeeeeedeeddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeedeeeeeeeeeeeeeeededdddddddddeeedededdzeededeeeeeeeedezzzzdzeszzazzzdeddddedeeedeededdeedeeeeeededdeededeeeddddeddeeeeddeeddddeeddddddeedeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Sorry I couldn't listen to this anymore okay! , okay!, okay!
Are you Filipino?
She says ok over 1000 times so annoying.
looked at the comments, Ctrl + D
Really nice video but so many times u say "Kay" xD
thats pretty much all I herd!
good video but you saying "kay" every two seconds is the most annoying thing in the world
i just started the video and I'm genuinely pissed
Mommy
i love Sarah May Sibug. She knows how to teah