ගෙදරදීම සබන් හදන පහසුම ක්රමය මෙන්න / Here's the easiest way to make soap at home
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- Опубліковано 6 тра 2022
- Soap is a salt of a fatty acid used in a variety of cleansing and lubricating products.[1] In a domestic setting, soaps are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, and precursors to catalysts.
When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be separated from the article being cleaned. In hand washing, as a surfactant, when lathered with a little water, soap kills microorganisms by disorganizing their membrane lipid bilayer and denaturing their proteins. It also emulsifies oils, enabling them to be carried away by running water.[2]
Soap is created by mixing fats and oils with a base,[3] as opposed to detergent which is created by combining chemical compounds in a mixer.
Humans have used soap for millennia. Evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC
Types
A collection of decorative bar soaps, as often found in hotels
Since they are salts of fatty acids, soaps have the general formula (RCO2−)nMn+ (Where R is an alkyl, M is a metal and n is the charge of the cation). The major classification of soaps is determined by the identity of Mn+. When M is Na (Sodium) or K (Potassium), the soaps are called toilet soaps, used for handwashing. Many metal dications (Mg2+, Ca2+, and others) give metallic soap. When M is Li, the result is lithium soap (e.g., lithium stearate), which is used in high-performance greases.[4] A cation from an organic base such as ammonium can be used instead of a metal; ammonium nonanoate is an ammonium-based soap that is used as an herbicide.[5]
Unlike detergents, when used in hard water soap does not lather well and a scum of stearate, a common ingredient in soap, forms as an insoluble precipitate.[6]
Non-toilet soaps
Soaps are key components of most lubricating greases and thickeners. Greases are usually emulsions of calcium soap or lithium soap and mineral oil.[7] Many other metallic soaps are also useful, including those of aluminium, sodium, and mixtures thereof. Such soaps are also used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils. In ancient times, lubricating greases were made by the addition of lime to olive oil.[8]
Metal soaps are also included in modern artists' oil paints formulations as a rheology modifier.[9]
Production of metallic soaps
Most metal soaps are prepared by the hydrolysis of methane into ethanoic acid and fatty acids:
2 RCO2H + CaO → (RCO2)2Ca + H2O
Toilet soaps
In a domestic setting, "soap" usually refers to what is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning. When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be separated from the article being cleaned. The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micelles, tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-attracting) groups on the outside and encasing a lipophilic (fat-attracting) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water.
Structure of a micelle, a cell-like structure formed by the aggregation of soap subunits (such as sodium stearate): The exterior of the micelle is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the interior is lipophilic (attracted to oils).
Production of toilet soaps
The production of toilet soaps usually entails saponification of triglycerides, which are vegetable or animal oils and fats. An alkaline solution (often lye or sodium hydroxide) induces saponification whereby the triglyceride fats first hydrolyze into salts of fatty acids. Glycerol (glycerin) is liberated. The glycerin can remain in the soap product as a softening agent, although it is sometimes separated.[10]
The type of alkali metal used determines the kind of soap product. Sodium soaps, prepared from sodium hydroxide, are firm, whereas potassium soaps, derived from potassium hydroxide, are softer or often liquid. Historically, potassium hydroxide was extracted from the ashes of bracken or other plants. Lithium soaps also tend to be hard. These are used exclusively in greases.
For making toilet soaps, triglycerides (oils and fats) are derived from coconut, olive, or palm oils, as well as tallow.[11] Triglyceride is the chemical name for the triesters of fatty acids and glycerin. Tallow, i.e., rendered fat, is the most available triglyceride from animals. Each species offers quite different fatty acid content, resulting in soaps of distinct feel. The seed oils give softer but milder soaps. Soap made from pure olive oil, sometimes called Castile soap or Marseille soap, is reputed for its particular mildness. The term "Castile" is also sometimes applied to soaps from a mixture of oils, but a high percentage of olive oil.
#madhuraeco #madhurananayakkara #handmadesoapmaking
Dear Madura it is so great to hear your ideas and the kindness during this chaotic times, thank you for what you have been doing over the years.
Hi.. thank you for the useful information shared. What are the licence needed in Sri Lanka if we are to start homemade soap business in a small scale? Please share your knowledge..
Please do it like these vediyo series it's very important to our people in this situation 🙏🏽❤
Hi Madura, I am watching your video from USA. Thank you for all the information. Can you do another video about how to make some soap that is good for our skin? Thank you
Please explain the difference between mild (baby) soap and other rough type
Could you teach us how to make a shower gel or body wash soap please.
Thank you so much
Grade mr madura
Please can you continue your programmes further more? This is most useful for your fans.
Thanks sir
ඔයා බොහොම හොඳ දැනුමක් අපට ලබා දීම ගැන ස්තුතියි මදුර පුතා. ඒ එක් කම ඔයා එක්ක සබන් සමාගම් කාරයො වෛර බදින්න ක් පුලුවන්. ඒ අවදානමත් නොතකා ඔයා මෙ කරන සෙවිය විශිෂ්ඨ යි පුතා.
මෙවැනි ආර්ථික අපහසු කාලයක වටිනා උපදෙසක්, ස්තුතියි.
ඔබගේ වීඩියෝව ඉතා වැදගත් අංග ගල්වන සබන් හදන විදිහත් කියල දෙන්න වැඩ සටහන නවත්වන්න එපා එය ඉතා වැදගත් ඔබට බොහොම ස්තුතියි
ඔබට බොහොමත්ම ස්තුතියි . මෙි වගේ කාලයක වටිනා viedio වක් අපට ලබා දුන්නාට.
ඔබතුමාගේ දැනුවත් කිරීම හරිම වැදගත්. කාලීනව ප්රයෝජනවත් වැඩ සටහනකි. පුලුවන් නම් ඉදිරියටත් මෙවැනි වීඩියෝ ඉදිරිපත් කරන්න. ගොඩාක් ස්තුතියි. තෙරුවන් සරණයි.
ගොඩක් ප්රයෝජන වත් අදහස් ටිකක් බොහොම ස්තුතියි මධුර මහත්මයා
තෙරුවන් සරණයි හරිම වටිනා පැහැදිලි peripartum බොහොම ස්තූතියි තවත් ඉදිරියට සබන් ගා හදාගන්න හැටි උගන්වන්න ඔබතුමාටත් පවුලේ සැමටත් ජයම වේවාජයම වේවා
ඔබ විඩියෝ කරන ආකාරය බොහොම හොඳයි. කෙලින් ම කාරණාව ට බහිනවා. දැන් ගොඩක් you tube විඩියෝ මුල් විනාඩි කිහිපයක් නිකං ඩේටා, සහ කාලය කනවා.
මධුර මහතානෙණි, ඉතා හොඳ වැඩසටහනක්. මෙහි රත්කරල කරන ක්රමය ගැන video එකක් කරන්න පුලුවන්නම් ඉතාමත් වටිනව. ස්තූතියි.
Mr.Madhura.