Why is the Marianas Politically Divided into Guam and the CNMI?
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- Опубліковано 7 чер 2024
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Timestamp
0:00 - Introduction
0:52 - Historically, Marianas lacked political unity
2:55 - The Spanish politically united the Marianas
4:10 - The origins of the current political divide in the Marianas
5:30 - The NMI becomes part of the Japanese mandate
6:59 - Marianas reunited under Japan
8:13 - The NMI becomes part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific [TTPI]
9:36 - Why the TTPI was the major obstacle at achieving Marianas reunification or any political status decision
11:50 - NMI attempts at political status decisions from 1950 to 1953
14:28 - NMI and Guam attempts at reuniting the Marianas from 1957 to 1966
22:09 - The final serious attempt at Marianas reunification
23:48 - Possible reasons why Guam voters rejected reunification
26:05 - Why reunification was no guarantee, even if Guam voters voted for reunification
28:39 - Video Summary
References
Alkire, W. H. (1984). The Carolinians of Saipan and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Pacific Affairs, 57(2), 270-283.
Camacho, K. L. (2011). Cultures of commemoration: The politics of war, memory, and history in the Mariana Islands. University of Hawaii Press.
Clyde, P. H. (1935). Japan's Pacific Mandate. New York: Macmillan.
Farrell, D. A. (1994). The partition of the Marianas: a diplomatic history, 1898-1919. ISLA: a journal of Micronesian Studies, 2(2), 273-301.
Farrell, D. A. (2019). History of Efforts to Reunify the Mariana Islands. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from
www.guampedia.com/history-of-...
Petersen, G. (2009). Traditional Micronesian societies: Adaptation, integration, and political organization. University of Hawaii Press.
Gellner, E. (2008). Nations and nationalism. Cornell University Press.
Goetzfridt, D. J. (2019). Carolinians on Guam. Retrieved
September 10, 2020, from
www.guampedia.com/carolinians...
Hanlon, D. L. (1998). Remaking Micronesia: Discourses over development in a Pacific territory, 1944-1982. University of Hawaii Press.
Hara, K. (2006). Cold War frontiers in the Asia-Pacific: divided territories in the San Francisco system. Routledge.
Hezel, F. X. (2003). Strangers in their own land: A century of colonial rule in the Caroline and Marshall Islands (Vol. 13). University of Hawaii Press.
Patrick, K. (2000). On the road of the winds: An archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact. University of California press.
Louis, W. R. (1966). Australia and the German Colonies in the Pacific, 1914-1919. The Journal of Modern History, 38(4), 407-421.
Richard, D. E. (1957). United States Naval Administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Vol. 2). US Office of Chief of Naval Operations.
Schencking, J. C. (1998). Bureaucratic politics, military budgets and Japan's southern advance: The imperial navy's seizure of German micronesia in the first world war. War in History, 5(3), 308-326.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior, & Insular Affairs. (1953). Report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. US Government Printing Office.
UN Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific (1951). United Nations Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific: report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, together with the relevant resolution of the Trusteeship Council (Report No. T/897). New York, NY: United Nations.
Id. (1953). " " (Report No. T/1077). New York, NY: United Nations.
Id. (1956). United Nations Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific: report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, together with the relevant resolution of the Trusteeship Council (Report No. T/1278). New York, NY: United Nations.
Id. (1959). United Nations Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific: report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, together with the relevant resolution of the Trusteeship Council (Report No. T/1484). New York, NY: United Nations.
Id. (1961). United Nations Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific: report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, together with the relevant resolution of the Trusteeship Council (Report No. T/1582). New York, NY: United Nations.
Id. (1964). United Nations Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific: report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, together with the relevant resolution of the Trusteeship Council (Report No. T/1628). New York, NY: United Nations.
Willens, H. P., & Siemer, D. C. (2002). An Honorable Accord: The Covenant between the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States (Vol. 18). University of Hawaii Press.
Timestamp
0:00 - Introduction
0:52 - Historically, Marianas lacked political unity
2:55 - The Spanish politically united the Marianas
4:10 - The origins of the current political divide in the Marianas
5:30 - The NMI becomes part of the Japanese mandate
6:59 - Marianas reunited under Japan
8:13 - The NMI becomes part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific [TTPI]
9:36 - Why the TTPI was the major obstacle at achieving Marianas reunification or any political status decision
11:50 - NMI attempts at political status decisions from 1950 to 1953
14:28 - NMI and Guam attempts at reuniting the Marianas from 1957 to 1966
22:09 - The final serious attempt at Marianas reunification
23:48 - Possible reasons why Guam voters rejected reunification
26:05 - Why reunification was no guarantee, even if Guam voters voted for reunification
28:39 - Video Summary
I was stationed in Guam in the early 90s.. I understood some of this history, but I was missing the part that tore the islands & the culture up early on... it’s actually heartbreaking... such a rich culture destroyed by outsiders as usual...
I’m sure if they held a vote for the reunification of Guam and the NMI the people would vote for it. I’m a Chamorro born and raised and never heard about this from any of my family, I guess it never really came up in any conversation. But I would love to see a reunified Mariana Islands and I hope to see it in my lifetime. I would also love to see the Marianas to become a state or to become independent.
So what can we do to fix these mistakes made by our elders? We must all bear in mind that those Chamorros at the time were not given the opportunity afforded to us today and they were easily taken advantage of by those in power. I understand why the Chamorros in Guam were resentful toward the CNMI Chamorros due to the atrocities committed during the Japanese occupation, but upon joining the military, I learned about psychological warfare and believed this was employed by the Japanese on our people during WWII. Regardless, I think the current or future generation can make a difference and achieve reunification of the Chamorro people. After all, the only thing separating our people is water. Geographically, the distance between Guam, Rota, Tinian and Saipan have never changed, but we can close the gap by reuniting and standing together as “UN MARIANAS”!
This was an insanely well done and informative video. Thanks for making it.
Si Yu'os ma'ase'! I truly appreciate it!
My friend, your work here introduced me to a history I was ignorant of. The US Navy introduced me to Guam many years ago. Thank you for that.
Number 1. Because I learn with a lot more visuals, I'm going to have to watch this a few more times to get all this information mapped out in my mind. Number 2. I don't know where you are headed in the future and I don't think I agree with all your views, however because of how you speak.. how articulate you are, how invested in Chamoru culture you are... I would not be surprised if I hear and/or see you and your name being spoken about in politics of the islands or have a political position in any of that, if you don't already. Actually, I think you would be great!
Wow si Yu’os ma’åse’ for your awesome comment; it’s so encouraging! I haven’t given much thought about entering into politics as I still have much to learn. But if I ever do; i’ll remember your comment. Hu gof agradesi håfa ilek-mu.
he's definitely right @PulanSpeaks. Sym brother!
Just recently I had someone explain to me why their family still harbored divison for Chamorros on CMNI for their part in WWII, while we were driving down the highway in his Toyota. Simply breathtaking! Sigh...
It's a very informative video that succinctly covered a huge topic. Good job!
Glad you liked it
Found myself nodding along literally the entire time. Great job! We're researching this too for an upcoming episode, but ours is more CNMI-centric regarding Article XII and Land Laws. The resources we both are using must be similar (pulling from 3-4 books at this point). Great video component though! Biba Pulan! Dinanche' este!
Si Yu'os ma'ase' for your mas geftao sinangan! Been listening to your podcast on Spotify and can't wait for the upcoming episode!
Wow this is an eye opener please provide more intel your are doing an awesome job.I’m Honored to have listen to your research..
Ive understood more of our history, thank you for this.
Buen prubechu!
Love your vids btw 🙏🏾💪🏾
Si Yu'os ma'se' che'lu!
Thanks for the amazing video. For years I have wondered why was there a divide between Guam and the nmi and why I felt the existence of a somewhat disdain between the two which I was dumbfounded because we share identical history and culture. Your video has really provided me with the information that has long evaded me and for this I thank you immensely. Cheers to the 2021 New Year ahead. take care chelu
Dangkolo si Yu'os ma'ase che'lu! hu gof agradesi! It makes my day whenever I'm told that my video helped them in some way! I too had the same exact thoughts as you and wondered why where was a divide between Guam and the CNMI! Which was one of my motivations in making this video! I hope you have a wonderful 2021!
Thanks for sharing your in-depth knowledge of Guam and the Trust Territories of the Pacific. In the mid-1960s I served on one of two US Navy patrol ships with our homeport at Apra Harbor, Guam. We routinely patrolled the Northern Marianas and Bonin Islands to the north as well as the Eastern and Western Caroline Islands. These included Pohnpei, Truk (now Chuuk) and Koror, Palau to the west. There were numerous other islands and atolls scattered within Caroline Islands.
Great job 👍 Thank you
This is a great history lesson .. with great references in the description... you could teach some channels.. the references are very important when sharing such important information...
Thank you for noticing that detail. I take great pride in making sure I'm not pulling my information out of thin air like a magician.
Thank you for educating me on this important history...I hope to visit one day and will seek out local experts like yourself to continue to be educated.
Guam and CNMI should move on and be unite since both are US territory..we need to be one nation or state...chamoro republic or marianas state/republic
Free marianas island ✊🇲🇵🇬🇺
@@efrans2627unfortunately like Puerto Rico, the Marianas will never be allowed to be an independent country due to their important location.
@@nunyabiznes33 You also don't want to be free due to economics. They are small in terms of resources and economy. The place would lose all economic trade benefits from being a territory of the US. It also opens themselves up to civil unrest and war when differing opinions come up between islands.
Not here to spread hate bcoz I still love our Guamanian brothers and sisters however although what the Japanese did in Guam during the war was terrible and I acknowledge the fact that us Saipanese also played a small role in that, we should recognize the Guam Chamorros did the same thing in the past(not all but a good number). It was Guam Chamorros who largely helped the Spanish subjugate us on Saipan. If anything one would say we are “even” however the past is the past. We can only move on and attempt to reunify our islands. Much love ❤️ 🇲🇵🇬🇺
Japan ruins everything. Taiwan, Korea, and now the entirety of the Pacific Ocean? SAD
Awesome video bro! I’m reading Destiny’s Landfall right now & this goes well with it. Thanks bro 🤙🏽
Good informative video Now I understand why the left turn lanes in Guam are cut so sharp part Spanish ,Guam Japanese., American the older Curbs must have been build by the Japanese since they drive on the right side .The roads curve around the Island like in Spain.
There's much to contemplate about the explicit reasons our Chamoru people, in the, at the time, Saipan district, stated reasons for favoring reunification. It could be argued that stating economics and nationalism are not the the sole reasons to push for reunification. During the time of TTPI, and GU's territorial status, families of the Saipan district could travel to GU, gain citizenship to ablige themselves of benefits, yet could not return to their families in the Saipan district without first denouncing US citizenship.
Because of that, you can argue that, the Chamorus of the Saipan district had a forced hand, and HAD TO, explicitly declare advocacy for nationalism in order to have a liklier chance of the reunification being approved by the UN.
You've made some good text book points about the foreign acupation of the Marianas Islands. I see that you've done your homework, but that's all it is homework.
Have you ever sat down with the elders in CNMI that Indored the suffering of the Japanese acupation. I think you are too young to even understand what actually happened and I sure hope you can speak the Chamorru language.
I'm 55 years old now and as a young man visiting my parents island home of Luta. My elders would at times tell me sad and horrible stories about what they experienced during Japanese acupation. How much they face execution or even worst, the execution of family members. If they don't do what they've been told to do. Buddy go visit the CNMI and please sit down with some of our elders and listen to their stories. The stories I've heard from my desist Uncle made me teared.
They are still some around that may educate you about their experiences that is not found in any text books. Peace ✌🏾.
your input is interesting. when leaving txas in 83 with my son and his mom i first went to pohnpei looking for surf but my eyes were blinded, i looked in kosrae as well and guam before settling for a while in hawaii. so my take is that his historical rendition is correct. as an caucasian american with a son married to a nihon living there as well and as his mom having married one and staying in hawaii, and knowing many in hawaii, have respect for their culture. i ofc was taught in school some if what you mention. i no longer live in the usa due to the cost and have escaped to turkiye. however due to my memories of micrnesia and hawaii am consistently interested in their history. thanks for your views.
I'm originally from Guam (USian father) but most of my mother's side of my family is from Saipan, and I spent more time living in the latter than the former. I'd like to see reunification occur, but with several caveats. The CNMI has more political autonomy from US federal rule than Guam. It's less "Americanized", less "lingually replaced", less militarized, and generally less expensive for various reasons. Because of Article XII it has indigenous land alienation protections that the Chamoru people of Guam don't. So many things about US culture have been unbeneficial if not toxic for its indigenous citizens, from the Pacific to the mainland to the Atlantic, for centuries. I think the CNMI, if not the entire archipelago, would do well to keep the US at arm's length as much as possible, but reunification will instead draw the rest of the Marianas closer to it. Which is also why I think statehood for a unified Marianas would be less desirable than independence, although independence too could potentially have significant drawbacks. I also fear that statehood could result in what has happened to the native Hawaiians - not to mention pretty much every other indigenous ethnic group ruled by the US - happening to us. Loss of majority/plurality as a voting bloc inevitably results in loss of self-determination. (Although not being part of the US doesn't guarantee their preservation; I also worry that "the wrong" Chamoru politicians could lead us towards a situation similar to what Fiji ended up in. To a degree this has already happened in the CNMI. Political efforts among the Filipino plurality successfully resulted in the US usurping the CNMI's control over its own immigration, and indigenous autonomy was further eroded, although that didn't end up benefiting the activists in the way they had hoped. That isn't to say that the way the local government was handling immigration or other matters has been prudent either, which has also not instilled confidence in me regarding the prospect of independence.)
Guam seems to think it's where the Marianas begins and ends in all regards. In a re-unified Marianas, Guam would take for granted that it would be our cultural capital, our economic capital, and our governmental capital. But in my opinion, if Guam and the CNMI are to reunify, it should be Guam that adopts the CNMI's more autonomous political situation, not the CNMI giving up more autonomy for the "privilege" of joining Guam. Many on Guam already consider it to be the be-all and end-all of our existence as a people, as if the rest of the archipelago barely registers as an afterthought. And I think this has rubbed off on others from elsewhere. I've talked to people here in Hawaii who have actually been to Guam and were surprised when I explained to them that it's just one island in an entire archipelago with one shared indigenous culture. (This comes up because when someone asks where I'm from, my first answer is always "The Marianas" rather than a particular island.) If reunification were to occur, I feel a significant gesture of compromise would need to be made: e.g. establishment of its new capital as a united archipelago on Luta.
One Marianas soon ... like hawaii
Very well done, Pulan, and your diction is perfect. But, who is your barber? 😊
haha I haven't seen a barber since the Lockdown began
If you listen to FDR's Day of Infamy speech, he mentions that the Empire of Japan also invaded Guam (as well as Hong Kong, Malaya, the Philippines, and others). Sadly most Americans don't know this, even though it is technically our history.
To clarify, did the Spanish kill off the natives in the other islands or forced or coerced them to one island to make it easier to govern them?
The latter: they coerced the majority of the native inhabitants in the Northern Marianas to move to Guam in order to have easier time governing and controlling them.
@@pulanspeaks How crazy. I grew up on the island from K to 12 took multiple Cmamoru classes and even Guam history in high school. Especially in high school we learned about Melanasia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, outrigger boats, taotaomona, myths and legends, and even the existence of the CNMI islands. But it was never taught that those neighboring islands were once populated by other Chamoru. When was this taught islandwide. I always thought Saipan, Tinian, etc., were foreign cultures.
@@rollindeesfeb2372 Thanks for sharing your experiences! Growing up on the island, I also didn't know about the Northern Marianas, despite all of us sharing a common cultural heritage. So I totally relate with you che'lu; it's wild thinking about it.
@@pulanspeaks Where you the first to discover what happened to the other islanders being collected and put on Guam? If so, how did you find it?
@@pulanspeaks That’s wild. I went to school on Guam, Rota, and Saipan. They teach you more on Saipan about the history of the Chamorros. At least my teachers did. The political culture divide is deep but the ones working through it have family and blood throughout the Marianas. Nice!
SYM ✌🏾✊🏾
Hafadai from Mariana Islands..Jah live, Jehovah God blesses:|~~~
Guam And The Northern Mariana Islands For New USA 🇺🇸 Federal States !!!
I believe that Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands should become U.S. states. Both will have more financial benefits if they become states.
Let Saipan be the Capital and you get your land back
One flag one governor one malalmangga
Don’t let Saipan be the Capital they have a lot of corruption if they joined all together it needs to be Guam leading the way they are not corrupt like Saipan is!!So Guam would be the capital
I'll tell you the great divide, it's because although Saipan is a US Territory now, she never shys away from her Micronesian neritage and roots. Guam on the other hand, is predominantly of Filipinos and wannabe Americans so bad, ignoring the Micronesian region.
To be fair bro a lot of us Chamorros on Saipan and the NMI myself included are also of Filipino/Asian heritage. In fact Filipinos are the majority ethnic group on Saipan but we all get along.
@@jasonsan6708 that's fine and I have nothing against your Asian background, I stated something we have noticed in this region especially in Guam. It's odd that when we celebrate pacific island month in May while in the mainland, those claiming Guamanians somehow can't find it fitting for them to socialise with Pohnpeians, Samoans and Palauans due to cultural differences. Now, those boys from Saipan, they fit in and can relate due to our similarities.
@@strickrichardo2497 facts bro at the end of the day although Chamorros may have absorbed foreign influence culturally and to some extent genetically, at the end of the day we are still Pacific Islanders just like Samoans and Fijians. In fact on Saipan right now we are getting ready to host the pacific mini games. Lots of different island nations like NZ and the Tongan kingdom are going to participate.
Sounds like Guams just way too cool for school. Id rather identify with the Capital island of the Northern Marianas…
Marianas as 51st state ☝️
@sisirena715....I also hope that someday in the future Guam and The CNMI will re-unite and become America's New State "The Mariana's State",because I believe our islands are much better remaining with The United States,because I have seen the advantages/benefits it has given us remaining as U.S Territories and remaining U.S Citizens,and achieving Statehood is what will give The residents of The Mariana Island's greater representation in Washington.
The Mariana Island's may be small and the population is not very large,and the island's are far away from the U.S Mainland,but that doesn't mean Statehood is impossible to achieve,but rather it will be more difficult to achieve.
Si Yu'us Ma'ase and Biba Todu Islas Mariana's !!!
can you speak in chamorro
hunggan!
Who are these people to divide the Chamorros and lmpose their will upon us
I served at NAS Agana.In the late 80's Guam was awesome not because of American presence but in spite of it. The way I see it you could be the conquered people of Imperial Japan or Free people of the Federated States of Micronesia. Whats the problem.? You have representation just like Puerto Rico in the US house of representatives. So what gives?
Oh wow that's very cool. Did you manage to travel around the island? Also I'm not sure where your getting at with your last question. This video was explaining why the Marianas is politically separated and did not commentate nor give a view on the relationship between Guam and the US political relationship.
Pulan, I always love and appreciate your content but how about that last minute effort to educate the public a month prior to deadline 😂 sounds like Chamorros to me hahaha
Has the proper pronunciation of "short-lived" completely disappeared?
So it was the American Governments fault Guam didnt want them? Gimme a break, man. It was not the 1800s. They had media to educate them. I can't believe I watched this whole thing. Much better speakers for this area than you!
Responses that are outright disrespectful deserve the same energy returned. Tim, if all you got from the whole video was “So it was the American Governments fault Guam didnt want them? Gimme a break, man” you either are a liar, ignorant, a little kid, or all three. I clearly said in the video, Guam voter’s voted against the petition to send to the UN for unification with NMI for several reasons including possible animosity for WW2, economic concerns, lack of political education because it was RUSHED, and local politics leading up to the election. This is separate from the FACT, the UN and US were always against Unification of the marianas because the NMI was part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific so unification was not an option because AS I SAID REPEATEDLY In the video, it was UN and US policy to keep the TTPI as one territorial unit for political status change. This is EVERYTHING to do with international law. Despite this, Guam and NMI leaders tried to work for unification via petitioning the UN that led to the Guam vote but it would have failed even if the Guam voters approved because it was an approval for a petition, which previous petitions asking for unification were rejected by the UN and US. Do you now see how incredibly foolish and snarky you look now? Why couldn’t you have asked a question of clarification or made a comment without being a jerk? And I would have been more than happy to answer. I’m not personally mad at you, I’m just frustrated at the cult of ignorance and lack of civility that is manifested online. So next time, just be courtesy.