Digital Electronics: Logic Gates - Integrated Circuits Part 1

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  • Опубліковано 14 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 267

  • @Friend_Fuel
    @Friend_Fuel 4 роки тому +80

    Till now, no one made this type of fully explained video indeed. Great!!

  • @augustinecpu
    @augustinecpu 11 років тому +41

    You explained the whole first half of my semester in digital logic in 14 minutes. Great video!

    • @David-wf3cc
      @David-wf3cc 4 роки тому +12

      video is only 8 mins tho

    • @reki4641
      @reki4641 Рік тому

      @@David-wf3cc they are bots

  • @omerkarar8405
    @omerkarar8405 Рік тому +3

    Easily the best "basic" video on the topic. Other videos either go into too much detail and are complicated or miss the mark of making it clear, visual, and accessible. Thank you!!!

  • @PatrickHoodDaniel
    @PatrickHoodDaniel 12 років тому +11

    The intro was perfect. It's good to get a thorough understanding of the chip coding and reminding of the packages. Thanks!!

  • @ArmiaKhairy
    @ArmiaKhairy 4 роки тому +13

    Due to COVID-19 outbreak, I have to stay at home, and your videos are god-sent to us.

    • @Catalyna.Salazar
      @Catalyna.Salazar 3 роки тому

      Exactly! I’m taking it online and this video was super helpful

  • @CreoleGuh504
    @CreoleGuh504 2 роки тому +4

    This is right where we're headed in my digital systems class. I'm trying to get a head start. Thank you

  • @marcellinoyohanes43
    @marcellinoyohanes43 2 роки тому +9

    Really interesting to see how logic gates are applied to electronics! Curious to see the hardware level operations of a computer.

  • @glyff194
    @glyff194 3 роки тому +1

    That ending was pretty funny, "why do you think the circuit is unstable?" as the button pins are popping out 🤣

  • @MiniatureMasterClass
    @MiniatureMasterClass 10 років тому +35

    Part Two with the answer is here: Experiments 2.2.1: Solution to Question in Integrated Circuits

    • @zorell7625
      @zorell7625 4 роки тому +2

      I have spent months researching into circuits and discovered a fantastic resource at Gregs Electro Blog (google it if you are interested)

    • @frederikfabrizio6649
      @frederikfabrizio6649 4 роки тому +1

      hi everyone ,if anyone else wants to learn about understanding electronics components ebook try Bablim Electronics Booster (just google it ) ? Ive heard some unbelievable things about it and my colleague got great results with it.

    • @maxonmendel5757
      @maxonmendel5757 2 роки тому

      thanks for posting this link

  • @BitsofSkin
    @BitsofSkin 5 років тому +21

    AND gates are obviously useful.
    However, i tend to buy NAND gate ICs in bulk because as you will know, you can build ANY other gate from NAND gates and when you buy them in bulk, the cost goes down.

    • @liveen
      @liveen 3 роки тому +2

      But when you buy AND gates in bulk, the cost also goes down, which makes the benefit of buying NAND gates in bulk useless, you just spend more money because you don't know what you're doing with what you're spending money on

    • @ivarnordlkken8082
      @ivarnordlkken8082 2 роки тому

      @@liveen But then you also may need to buy OR and NOT gates to make the circuit.

    • @liveen
      @liveen Рік тому

      @@ivarnordlkken8082 My dude, the comment is a year old. I dont remember anything about what I was thinking here, I can't actually respond

    • @tanner1985
      @tanner1985 Рік тому +1

      @@liveen I read and in half a second I realized the original commeter is right, and you not.

  • @alexcwagner
    @alexcwagner 11 років тому +31

    I think the problem is that when the switches are open, the voltage on the inputs to the AND gate is undefined. You need a couple of pull-down resistors to allow the voltage to drop to 0 when the switches are open.

    • @freshtakp2122
      @freshtakp2122 2 роки тому

      ua-cam.com/video/ROPw02W4bbE/v-deo.html

  • @xbiohazardx7312
    @xbiohazardx7312 2 місяці тому

    Thank you bro. Now I get it, you totally save my life.

  • @jimmy_jamesjams_a_lot4171
    @jimmy_jamesjams_a_lot4171 5 років тому +1

    Extremely pleasant voice. It sounds Irish to me! Thank you for sharing!

  • @tthtlc
    @tthtlc 11 років тому +4

    wished i had studied EE last time. thanks for the video - very educational.

  • @chuckstarwar7890
    @chuckstarwar7890 3 роки тому +1

    when you use a pair of un-insulated metallic tweezers to touch the IC chips, it's very little different from touching it by bare fingers in terms of electric shocks.

  • @acapulcowipeout3443
    @acapulcowipeout3443 8 років тому +1

    Switches may not be working properly, because it seemed that when you accidently moved the switch on slot 45 of cookie board the signal got interrupted and the output change, salutes all the way from Acapulco, good vid. Should have tried grounding one of the switches to see if the output would change.

  • @theja877
    @theja877 7 місяців тому +15

    Why doesn't it work for me ? Am I the only one ?

  • @liney118
    @liney118 10 років тому +5

    Likely you had the switches incorrectly placed and it also might be an idea to place a resistor to ground on pin 1 and 2 as i'm sure logic gates don't need full source voltage to turn on and off . half should be good :)

  • @buffyhero4098
    @buffyhero4098 3 роки тому +1

    Very inspiring helps me understand the topic a lot better

  • @nikanmahdavitabatabaei6896
    @nikanmahdavitabatabaei6896 2 роки тому +1

    Huge help, mate

  • @DupczacyBawol
    @DupczacyBawol 7 років тому +4

    Missing pull down resistors :P The gate just floats. In digital electronics you cant leave gates/transistors unconnected to positive or negative voltage. It will not work.

  • @johnfowler3830
    @johnfowler3830 8 років тому +4

    i love watching these videos, understanding some of it and other parts not understanding it at all, keep doing the great videos, im only learning electronics and only as a hobby at home, just love building different projects just love electronics over all.

    • @AverageHuman7026
      @AverageHuman7026 4 роки тому

      john fowler me too. Hope you are still building and learning. I am in 2020.

  • @xoppa09
    @xoppa09 8 років тому +10

    It would be nice to see your power supply setup

    • @KnightofArab
      @KnightofArab 3 роки тому

      Bro I'm electrical engineer and everything is fine in the video

  • @electriciandallastx9182
    @electriciandallastx9182 8 років тому +2

    Thanks for the concepts you have discussed here.

  • @roqayyahabidey932
    @roqayyahabidey932 6 років тому +2

    Brilliant video clip. Mashallah. Knowledgeable

  • @axr7943
    @axr7943 Рік тому

    Thankssss u saved my life 🥺

  • @yugohyu
    @yugohyu 2 роки тому

    Wow,, this si simply to understand,, thanks you Sir. 😊

  • @muhammadzeeshan8437
    @muhammadzeeshan8437 6 років тому

    Great demonstration and explanation for newbies

  • @ShamsJalalBsharat
    @ShamsJalalBsharat 4 роки тому

    Description
    Design the following circuit by using Multisim. The circuit has 4 inputs and 3 outputs as
    shown in the figure:
    This system is used as a digital lock for a treasury of valuables.
    To open the treasury, the user must enter a serial binary password of 6 bits. Each bit is
    entered with a manual pulse at the input CLOCK. If the entered password is correct, the
    output LOCK is logic 1 and the treasury is open (you may use a green light to indicate the
    action). The treasury will remain open if the value at input DATA is still 1, but if the user
    enters a 0 at input DATA, then the treasury will close. Don’t forget the pulse to enter the
    data!
    While if the entered password is wrong, then the output ALARM is logic 1 (informing the
    police) and LOCK is logic 0 (the treasury is not open). You may use an orange light to
    indicate the police and red light to indicate that the treasury is not open.
    The user can change the password by pressing input PR, but he/she must enter the old
    password, followed by the 6-bit new password (12 bits total). If the user enters the correct
    old password and a 6-bit new password, the output PCh will be logic 1. The user has 2
    wrong attempts to change the password, otherwise the output ALARM will become 1.
    If the output ALARM is logic 1, it would n

    • @ShamsJalalBsharat
      @ShamsJalalBsharat 4 роки тому

      Could you please send me a solution to the question

  • @TonyStark-cq4yj
    @TonyStark-cq4yj 7 років тому +1

    Wow amazing i love this,kind of presentation thank you Derek Molly hoping for more video

  • @eightofnine9
    @eightofnine9 2 роки тому +1

    I feel like this video was cut off early. Where is part 2?

  • @agstechnicalsupport
    @agstechnicalsupport 5 років тому +1

    Thank you for making this video !

  • @ErlendNagel1969
    @ErlendNagel1969 11 років тому +3

    of course it is perfectly possible to implement the AND function without any logic gates, and with just the two switches. No pull-ups or pull-downs required either :-)

  • @MrUbercool007
    @MrUbercool007 13 років тому

    where is the power supply connected in the breadboard?....
    Very helpful video.......thanks a bunch!

  • @mattdorsey2244
    @mattdorsey2244 2 роки тому

    You said the pins are spaced three tenths of an inch apart? The actual spacing is one tenth of an inch apart. Details like that are important.

  • @divyanshbalodhi5642
    @divyanshbalodhi5642 2 роки тому +1

    Very helpful sir👍

  • @teejay872
    @teejay872 4 роки тому

    You should take 74LS... HCT does need a valid input voltage.

  • @tremendousmoviecanopy7674
    @tremendousmoviecanopy7674 3 роки тому

    Like your work man

  • @BraydenBuchanan-d3c
    @BraydenBuchanan-d3c Рік тому +1

    Ok so I have a problem. So I made this circuit or my breadboard, connected the power and for some reason the led isn't lighting up. Can someone help me out on this and tell me the problem?

  • @Bualimambatripto
    @Bualimambatripto 10 років тому +6

    I have the same problem as always....
    I do everything as you told me, I'm using a 47LS08 and yeah, the LED lights when I connect the supply, yet if I unplug one of the inputs... the LED keeps lit, if I unplug both, it's still on... how comes? it's supposed to be an AND, right?

    • @DerekMolloyatDCU
      @DerekMolloyatDCU  10 років тому +7

      Just be careful - A disconnected input is *not* the same as connecting to ground (a logic low). A floating input could be received as a logic high or logic low depending on the logic family.

    • @roblefferts
      @roblefferts 10 років тому +1

      Derek Molloy This is an extremely crucial point.

    • @osmihu6345
      @osmihu6345 8 років тому

      +pene If anyone is interested in electronics the greatest results that I have ever had was with the Gregs Electro Blog (i found it on google) without a doubt the most helpful info that I've tried.

    • @devishree3319
      @devishree3319 8 років тому

      A million thanks ti Derek!!!!!! Thank you so much..............I had been in a chaos until I read this comment
      Now got it !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Again a billion thanks

  • @flopflipism
    @flopflipism 11 років тому +1

    Enjoying your videos they are great. Please could you advise on an oscilloscope budget £400 tops. Thanks

  • @cw4608
    @cw4608 4 роки тому

    The converter board reminds me of the Nazca lines in Southern Peru, the set that looks like a spider.

  • @jameskidd7906
    @jameskidd7906 Рік тому

    Adding à pull down (up) is necessary for the good behave when using switch i think

  • @jackackattackack
    @jackackattackack 7 років тому +7

    I came to this video looking to fix the problem you encountered at the end. I can't find the second video, can someone send me the link

    • @RustyTube
      @RustyTube 5 років тому

      ua-cam.com/video/KllMUO_pHxk/v-deo.html

  • @programthis3805
    @programthis3805 9 років тому +35

    I am a computer programmer trying to learn electronics...is it fair to say that IC chips are the equivalent to functions in a computer program?

    • @paul-olof
      @paul-olof 9 років тому +2

      ProgramThis! yes. look up flip-flops and registers

    • @Ezra_TheKing
      @Ezra_TheKing 9 років тому +2

      +ProgramThis! i think a NOT gate is the same as !

    • @LawrenceHortonRocksAllTheSocks
      @LawrenceHortonRocksAllTheSocks 7 років тому +1

      ICs can have functions with them like transformations but these logic gates are more like conditions.

    • @DarthChrisB
      @DarthChrisB 7 років тому +6

      If you were a real programmer you would know that ANYTHING that has a defined output for a given input behaves like a function!

    • @lanchanoinguyen2914
      @lanchanoinguyen2914 7 років тому +1

      s8an AB my exclusive nor ic 4077 work like shit when i first test it.Doesn't like other 4000 integrated circuits,this looks like isn't working when i bring voltage and touch to gates.While my homemade xnor by transistors and diodes just work well.i like ic but this one just like shit.

  • @VulcanOnWheels
    @VulcanOnWheels 10 років тому

    You indicated there would be a second part of this video, but I can't find it, although you uploaded this video some 4 years ago.

    • @MikeAguilar
      @MikeAguilar 5 років тому

      Better late than never:
      ua-cam.com/video/KllMUO_pHxk/v-deo.html

  • @Hannan_1325
    @Hannan_1325 8 років тому +1

    very helpfull for my Industrial electronics practical exam

  • @deimoss1606
    @deimoss1606 6 років тому

    Рассматриваешь ли работу советских микросхем ттл(транзистор транзисторной логики) логики и оу(операционных усилителей)?

  • @ltahoe9257
    @ltahoe9257 2 роки тому

    Quick question for anyone: Did he HAVE to connect to ground with a resistor? Was it just for the purpose of connecting to ground and could have used a small wire?

    • @thundergaming9350
      @thundergaming9350 2 роки тому

      I think led will blow due to high voltage ,if we don't use resistor.
      Also can u tell me what was last questions answer plz ??

  • @TheTowz
    @TheTowz 12 років тому

    well, the reason it didnt work was because when working with cmos logic, a pin should always be conected to vcc or gnd, a 1k resistor between each of the gate's input and ground would have worked great

  • @generalritik1568
    @generalritik1568 5 років тому

    Awesome video sir

  • @Hirvee5
    @Hirvee5 7 років тому

    Thank you so much! I remembered what I was doing wrong! I was all stuck with nothing working but now it come to me! I need pull down resistors.

    • @Hirvee5
      @Hirvee5 7 років тому

      But how do I calculate how big pull down resistors should I use?

  • @hubertrichardo2921
    @hubertrichardo2921 Рік тому

    you need to use a pull down resistor on the push button so you dont get floating values

  • @shaistaansari3429
    @shaistaansari3429 5 років тому +1

    I. Am trying this thanks

  • @jarisipilainen3875
    @jarisipilainen3875 5 років тому +2

    8:38 current is floating. need resistor pull low or hight depend how you want circuit operate

  • @maxwarfield6699
    @maxwarfield6699 4 роки тому

    Complete NOOB here. What do the F PH24AB stand for? Are only the bottom alpha-numericals important?

  • @CHARLES-ch9zg
    @CHARLES-ch9zg 2 роки тому

    Hello, what if I used 3 logic gates in one breadboard, should I use a pull down resistor on each of the gates?

  • @aerofart
    @aerofart 13 років тому

    SPOILER ALERT
    I can't believe nobody has answered your question as to why the circuit is not behaving as expected, so here goes:
    You need to add pull-down resistors - (100K resistors will work) connected to Ground and to each of the switches on the node of the switch pins that are connected to the AND gate IC.
    Do I win a prize? ;-)

  • @eddw123
    @eddw123 12 років тому

    Circuit worked fine with the cable jumpers. BUT... the problem starts when he tries to set the two switches, he didn't make sure to set them in right position. That's all the problem here.
    Cheers

  • @tomatexelon
    @tomatexelon 3 роки тому +1

    I’m looking a chip that has more than 4 AND gates in it. Do they make a chip with like 8 or more? If so - what is the part #

  • @思同
    @思同 4 роки тому

    my AND gate is acting weird on my bread board
    I connected Vcc, input 1, and input2 to 5V; needle 7 and LED(with resistor) to negative
    and the LED just keep lighting up, regardless of what input I give to the logic gate
    should I connect needle 7 and LED to the ground? If so, where should I connect negative side with?

  • @simundo555
    @simundo555 8 років тому

    You have wrong orientation regarding the set up of your tactile switch

  • @startobytes
    @startobytes 5 років тому +1

    which ic is that ?!

  • @psywiped
    @psywiped 12 років тому

    In this video we learn that buttons are hard to use.

  • @anandmadiwal6555
    @anandmadiwal6555 7 років тому

    Plz can u give information to how the build a all logic gates in a single chip or using single ic in a broad

  • @kloud..
    @kloud.. 12 років тому

    where did you get the materials for this video and how can i get them

  • @inspiration3514
    @inspiration3514 12 років тому +1

    hi! thank you for the video. i tried to give a low input to pin 2 by running a wire from vcc to a 250Kohm resistor....to the other end of the resistor i attached the wire going into pin 2 ( i was basically trying to drop the voltage and get a low input by using the high ohm resistor)...the LED still was lit even with this low input, do you know why??

  • @mohinderkaur6671
    @mohinderkaur6671 6 років тому

    Long time no see Mr TTL chip.

  • @rahmanocawni5618
    @rahmanocawni5618 Рік тому

    Hi friend request resistor of 10 k in inputs of the gate to mark a zero logic. As pull down resistor..

  • @34soxnation
    @34soxnation 10 років тому

    Question to anyone that has built this or any of these? Its all very interesting but what is some practical uses for these circuits?

    • @l2udolph
      @l2udolph 10 років тому +1

      Anything that requires logic.
      For example, the CPU in your computer.

    • @TheCyanSqueegee
      @TheCyanSqueegee 10 років тому

      Basically, you can do logical/Boolean situations and equations using actual hardware, like saying, if this and this or this, then this output should happen, like if this wire is connected to this pin on the IC Chip, or this other wire, this LED light should light up, if not, the LED light should not light up, but then you get into the true's and false's or 1's and 0's of binary and assembly language, so, like I2udolph said, your computer is basically doing these kind of equations but much more complex and many more of them to process programs and what's on the screen, I'm still a student so I don't know everything but I hope this helped you! :)

    • @fsupark
      @fsupark 10 років тому +1

      Remote control, Tickle Me Elmo, Digital Clock, Flash Light, Flesh Light, Laser Pointer, what you're using to watch this video, your A/C unit, the light in your room, your phone, pacemakers, zombie robots, etc

    • @TheCyanSqueegee
      @TheCyanSqueegee 10 років тому

      I cracked up at "tickle me elmo" lol :)

    • @n2dabloo
      @n2dabloo 10 років тому +1

      E Park I cracked up at "Flesh Light"

  • @golden4248
    @golden4248 7 років тому

    Where do you find that circuit board converter at 2:15. Can't seem to find it anywhere.

  • @rafca7408
    @rafca7408 5 років тому +26

    8:11 "DADDY?!" crank up volume to hear

    • @skyes6749
      @skyes6749 5 років тому +3

      seems like someone is eager for a quick fck

    • @ytaccount-rs6jt
      @ytaccount-rs6jt 4 роки тому +1

      King vlAd that’s a kid dude

    • @verl0000
      @verl0000 4 роки тому +4

      @@skyes6749 wtf man

    • @cronchcrunch
      @cronchcrunch 3 роки тому +2

      @@skyes6749 How tf can you think that when hearing a child's voice😶

    • @diliparekar2756
      @diliparekar2756 3 роки тому +1

      @@cronchcrunch p*rn industries have influence people to think that bs...

  • @chrisjohnn3450
    @chrisjohnn3450 3 роки тому

    what's the best explanation why IC is in Square/rectangular shape, not circle??

  • @oussematrabelsi9429
    @oussematrabelsi9429 6 років тому

    So in my class , I did 2 labs like this , the only difference is after I finish my circuit I need to connect the output of my logic function to an inverter and then connect the inverter to the led so the function works just like in theory. If I don't use the inverter , ofc I get the opposite. Can anyone explain this to me. I think it maybe because the LED we are using in this lab turns on when it's on low level and not high level.

  • @edwardholmes91
    @edwardholmes91 7 років тому

    I think it's not working with the switches as when they aren't both pressed, the input pins to the first gate a left floating i.e. neither high nor low logic level. This can cause erratic operation.

  • @kris_jnr_electrical
    @kris_jnr_electrical Рік тому

    You are the best

  • @sssmatamalas14
    @sssmatamalas14 6 років тому

    Can someone tell me the two examples of surface mounting that are shown in the video and what is it the main difference between them please?

  • @RixtronixLAB
    @RixtronixLAB 2 роки тому

    Nice, thanks for sharing :)

  • @panyidavid
    @panyidavid 13 років тому

    What power supply do you use?

  • @thomdeane
    @thomdeane 8 років тому

    what important issue is this video about? I got this question in my first electrical homework but it doesn't seem like he is talking about an issue. Can anyone help?

  • @lykenth08
    @lykenth08 12 років тому

    Hi, I have a floating remote controlled shark ( Air swimmer ) that i want to give a little AI =D. I need to make the single DC tail motor go back and forth. Avoid walls, going to use LDR`s to vary/ stop the durations of the flip flop making it turn and pitch up and down from the roof/ floor. As the shark is weight dependant could i use this or a part like it to preform those functions?

  • @MrBensella
    @MrBensella 8 років тому

    can you please help me defained the wire type you use on the matrition? (the kaind of wires a singel wire inside the coating)

  • @psgamer2904
    @psgamer2904 6 років тому

    hey is there a specific way to put the resistors or no ?

  • @Chr0nalis
    @Chr0nalis 11 років тому

    it need a pullup resistor on input or output (dunno) . It doesnt work correctly because the guts are mosfet and they have a capacitance

  • @dominikbaricak9589
    @dominikbaricak9589 Рік тому

    Why i cant open your website?

  • @16phoenixlast
    @16phoenixlast 4 роки тому

    How can I use 4011ic as dpdt switch ? Plz help me I will be very thankful to you.

  • @ikshulbethur5689
    @ikshulbethur5689 4 роки тому

    how do you search for the circuit diagram of any chip

  • @修富祥
    @修富祥 3 роки тому

    This chip have time delay?

  • @ErshadLaboratory
    @ErshadLaboratory 9 років тому

    you know what IC i can use for timer and counter application??
    thanks.

    • @partysheeep
      @partysheeep 9 років тому +1

      555 timer maybe. Check it out.

  • @Aresplaysgd
    @Aresplaysgd 4 місяці тому

    Where can i buy it?

  • @romulopartoza5598
    @romulopartoza5598 3 роки тому +1

    Led is not responding! ...what is lacking? ...from the philippines

    • @harsh9583
      @harsh9583 2 місяці тому

      Set voltage 5 volt . Check first if the led is working . If it is working . There can either be breadboard line issue or the output is zero for the circuit

  • @jimyleaks
    @jimyleaks 12 років тому

    Hey how to make OR , EX-OR & NOT gate on the Bread Board? please show up that vdeos

  • @narendran3154
    @narendran3154 10 років тому

    Can we take input signal from Vcc and ground ?

  • @OmgGaming1k
    @OmgGaming1k 7 років тому +1

    which
    resistor u use ?

  • @twistedyogert
    @twistedyogert 7 років тому

    I have a 7404 Not gate. I was playing with it and I connected it to a 9 volt battery. Did I kill it?

    • @harshsrivastav5199
      @harshsrivastav5199 6 років тому

      twistedyogert check its datasheet for power rating

    • @ivarnordlkken8082
      @ivarnordlkken8082 2 роки тому

      It¨'s designed for 5 V. Just check if it's still working.

  • @abinaslimbu3057
    @abinaslimbu3057 2 роки тому

    (cu) control unit
    (Alu) transistor

  • @0xpatrakar
    @0xpatrakar 9 років тому

    Where is the set up done

  • @johansmit4071
    @johansmit4071 6 років тому

    Isnt the switches connected in the wrong orientantion

  • @gilles212121
    @gilles212121 10 років тому

    Does this type of gate work on any voltage? for example 12V DC?

    • @tgsoon2002
      @tgsoon2002 9 років тому +1

      usually 5v. if you read the document about the ic number, you will know more about the voltage and limit!

    • @gilles212121
      @gilles212121 9 років тому

      thanks! Could anyone tell me how to use a xor gate in a car. So how I make a circuit from 12vDC to 5V to the xor gate and than again to 12V?

    • @Loundre3
      @Loundre3 9 років тому

      I think an voltage regulator would suffice for changing the voltage level to 5V or anything close.
      For the outputs, you could connect them to an power transistor or an relay.

    • @ivarnordlkken8082
      @ivarnordlkken8082 2 роки тому

      For 12 V you should use the 40xx series CMOS IC's. They work on up to 18 V.

  • @scelo.m1030
    @scelo.m1030 5 років тому

    Hi i need some help connecting this. The circuit uses a multiplexer, adder and comparator to perform the binary to BCD
    conversion. If a number is greater than 9 it will be an invalid BCD code. We therefore
    compare each 4 bit number from the switch using a comparator to determine if it is greater
    than 9. At the same time we add 6 to any value from the switch using an adder. If a number
    is greater than 9 the output of the comparator will select the binary value on the switch that
    has been added to 6. If it is not greater than 9 the binary value on the switch is directly sent
    to the seven segment decoders. This is achieved using a multiplexer.