In Swedish Hydrogen and Oxygen are called "Väte" and "Syre" respectively, which are also translations of the Greek terms since rendered in English they'd be something like "Wetter" and "Sourer" i.e. "that which wets" and "that which sours."
I'm an engineer and it would be delightful if you would do a full version of this and discuss each element in order on a separate video for people who aren't bored easily. This is kind of like a spreadsheet with holes in it.
@@SongOfStorms411 I wasn't referencing that somebody hasn't discussed every element on the periodic table to death three times already. I wanted to see this view or viewpoint or angle on the periodic table complete and filled out with every element where the name came from a little history.
I bloody love this channel! Found you a few days ago and have been bingeing since. I noticed you mentioned you went to York Uni. Any chance you studied linguistics there? (If so, snap!!)
Hi Jay! No, I didn't do linguistics, I did English, but we were there at the same time. I interviewed you a couple of times for the student radio station. I was (and remain) a fan! "Calypso, Calypso, filled with sugar and E163"
I cannot believe this, you both went to the same uni, wowo!!!! You are both amazing, I too just discovered RobWords and am a Jay Foreman fan - best part of UA-cam by far! Just starting my upcoming RobWords binge, never knew how much I needed these etymology videos 😄
14:55 honestly the best part about tungsten is that while it is a Swedish word, the Swedish word for the element is Wolfram, while in almost every other country it’s Tungsten. Kinda funny how despite it being a Swedish word, it’s not the Swedish word for the element
@@doommarauder3532 Well, I've also lived in Sweden all my life and have never heard this element called anything but volfram. If you look up "tungsten" in Swedish Wikipedia, you'll find it desribed as "an earlier name of an element - see volfram". The entry for volfram in Swedish Wikipedia starts with the description "volfram is a metallic element discovered in 1783 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele".
I feel it necessary to submit that I love your channel. Your video style has the perfect mix of informative and entertaining. Your dry wit and cheesy puns warm my heart and make learning fun and easy. Don't never stop stopping, Rob.
Actually, the element Tungsten is not called Wolfrahm in German, but Wolfram. And -ram in this case has nothing to do with white fluffy cream, the word rām is Middle High German meaning grime, soot or dirt because the easy to grate mineral resembles grime.
@@LeSetteMelediEva No, I mean the black carbon powder after you burned something... not a native English speaker so I don't know how it's translated best.
Sodium/Natrium is something that many of us non-native speakers of English need to remember, simply because you wouldn't expect English to use a different name that's also Latin-looking.
Indeed, most non-Romance languages use a variant of "Kalium" for "potassium" and a variant of "Natrium" for "sodium". That's the case in German, for example.
@@TheRavenir true, but oddly enough potassium carbonate ("Kaliumcarbonat") is also named "Pottasche" in German. The sound being similar to "potassium" is no coincidence.
I am lab operator. I often wondered where the names of the elements come from. Why we use in science not everywhere the same words ? It would make the chemical wolrd easier. Why Potassium in English and Kalium in German? The K is the Symbol for Kalium. Natrim Symbol Na - Sodium? Confusing.
I actually live in Ytterby and I could see my house on Google in your video. Everyone on the island of Resarö is well aware of the significance of the mine and the elements that was discovered here.
the etymology of potassium is very interesting. potassium was known early on to alchemists for making soap, and was isolated by using wood ash aka pot ash (hence the name potassium pronounced pot-ash-ium). Kalium, the Latin name, comes from the word alkali, which comes from the Arabic scholars who worked with the element, who called it al-qalyah, which means plant ash. so the name and symbol for potassium comes from it's early use in soap making by deriving it from ashes.
Potash is/was also used in glass making. Historically, huge amounts of hardwood trees were burnt to ash for the glass industry, including in North America and the Black Forest in Germany.
wow, I was taught at school that the name derived from Kali, the hindu goddess of fire, which made it my favourite. Still, the Arabic origin is equally interesting.
I have a seven year old daughter who taught herself to read by the time she was three - with, quite literally, zero help from me, as she had decided that only she would be the one to read herself stories. Her love of words hasn't diminished one bit as she's grown older. So I just wanted to say, thank you Rob, for this channel and answering the plethora of "word questions" that she has. She loves these videos so much.
@@rosemorris7912 very likely a little autistic too - though incredibly fascinating 😉 Interestingly she doesn't spell her words in writing as well as she can read them. As far as reading goes, there's not a word that's stumped her so far!
My Dad told me when I was very, very young to become besties w/ words, and to know their duality as well, and I've been asking questions about them ever since 🌸🍓❣️😁
Another reason behind the name of tantalum is that it's very resistant to being dissolved in acids. Just like Tantalus was in water but couldn't interact with it, tantalum can be in acid and not interact with it.
I designed some acid tanks for a plating company and having worked my way through college as a welder I tig welded the tantalum tanks using sheared strips of the metal as filler rod.
3:50 in Polish (my mother tongue) "aluminium" is a word for technically clean, extracted aluminum, with 99.95 - 99.955% of the chemical element. and the chemical element itself, in Polish is called "glin" (pronounced "gleen"). so "glin" is the theoretical term for the element, and "aluminium" is a practical term for the closest substance you can get to the chemical element.
you both are right, I was actually using Wikipedia as my reference for the technical meaning of the word "aluminium", but in everyday life they can be synonyms. and in Polish schools, I can tell, they rather call the chemical element "glin" than "aluminium".
@@yura2424 nah... Aluminium is mainly made out of bauxite, the main aluminium ore. It is more like a hard rock. There may be a lot of clay-minerals which contain aluminum but not every clay is aluminum enriched. Trust me. I'm geologist.
Here's an obligatory Polish comment to thank you for pointing out that Maria Skłodowska-Curie was not, in fact, French. She was essentially a refugee who fled Poland in times of Russian occupation to seek education. She was deeply patriotic (as we can see by the element she has named) and very distraught she had to leave the country. It's quite sad that now most of the world think she's french, because she married a French man and Polish names look too scary to pronounce for most foreigners :P To my best knowledge she insisted to keep her Polish maiden name and underlined herself that she's Polish, not French. There's a very interesting article about her relationship with her homeland : "Polonium, Radioactivity & Elephants: How Poland Shaped Maria Skłodowska-Curie (& How She Shaped Poland)". And also as far as Polish names go, this one is not that hard to pronounce! It's often just the spelling that looks hard - it's pronounced: Skwo-dov-ska.
Here's an interesting fact about Cobalt: The miners who mined it thought that the cobalt was cursed by, well, kobolds. However, kobolds weren't completely malevolent creatures, either. It is said that, if you left them offerings, they would actually protect you by knocking on the walls of the mineshafts from the other side if the shaft was about to collapse. The origin of this superstition is thought to be the fact that certain types of rock, when under enough strain (such as they might experience during an impending cave in), would give off a distinctive knocking sound, which the miners learned to recognize as a sign of danger.
I really think you should've mentioned Oganesson especially, notable for being the only element named after someone still alive today. Also it, along with Seaborgium, is the only element that was named after someone who was still alive at time of naming.
Arguably Gallium was named after its discoverer, though in a roundabout way. It was discovered by a guy named lecoq which is french for "the chicken" and gallium could come from gallus (latin for chicken) rather than gaul.
Both worked in the teams that discovered the most recent elements. The places where they have been discovered are also immortalized as elements (one lab in California and one near moscow iirc)
@@TomFromMars Well, the Lawrencium Berkelium and Lawrencium Livermorium National Laboratories in Californium, United States of Americium are involved in the names of multiple elements. Dubnium is named after the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna which is, as you say, near Moscow.
@@beeble2003 Glenn T. Seaborg could be contacted using an address consisting entirely of elements: Seaborgium, Lawrencium, Berkelium, Californium, Americium
@DestinyCodeMatrix Ruth from Bibel??? Rus was named Ruthenia in Latin or Pωσία in Greek as transliteration. Australia ≠ Austria, Slovakia ≠ Slovenia, Switzerland ≠ Swaziland!
The amount of work that obviously goes into writing RobWords episodes is impressive. All the rhymes, puns, alliteration, references, and connections you make between words, idioms, and other expressions is just - Wow! That you can pack so much word play into one relatively short video is mind-boggling. Keep up the great work! ❤😊👍
When I learned chemistry in middle school and had to remember the symbols for the elements, I looked into how they are called in latin to help me remember why it's Ag, Au, Fe or Cu. Also, in Polish, the oxygen has an interesting name of "tlen". It comes from the word "tlić" (smolder), because it is needed to burn. Before the mid 19-th century thogh, it was called "kwasoród", which is a direct translation from latin.
My high school chemistry teacher says that the way you remember the symbol for silver and gold is to think that if you get your silver stolen, you say "aww gee" (AG) and if you get your gold stolen, you chase after the person and say "Hey you!" (AU).
(Non-English) fun fact: While in Hungarian we use more elements based on their Latin origin than English, hence making learning their symbols easier, we have an interesting coincidence too. Mercury, aka Hg, is based on hydrargyrum. There was no Hungarian name for it in the 19th century, when it was a tendency to create/invent new Hungarian words to cover gaps. The name they came up was related to the Hungarian word signifying something fluid/watery/thin. The base word became híg, resulting in higany. Which coincidentally fits well the element Hg. There was another idea to name it after Wednesday, which in Italic languages is based on Mercury (the deity), and in Hungarian it's szerda, which itself if based on the Slavic word (middle of the week) for Wednesday. And that's how a Roman god and a Norse god are both related to being fluid in the middle of the week.
Wow! You’ve touched a nerve. You have over 1,000 comments! I don’t know if you’ll see this comment, but I just wanted to say that I’ve really enjoyed this video. GREAT JOB!!! This is something I’ve always wanted to learn more about and never understood. You have made it interesting and fun. I can tell that you put a lot of work into this video. I was thinking this throughout the video. I was thinking that you have a new style to this video. I do hope you’ll do more on this subject, as others have mentioned. Great job Rob, thank you. You took a boring subject and made it fascinating. I’m going to save this one and watch it again later. So that I can take more in, I need to hear and see it more than once to wrap my head around what was said. Makes me wonder if you’re a teacher, any student would be blessed to have you as a teacher. Making learning interesting and fun. Thanks again, this is definitely one of my favorite videos. Greetings to you and your wife.
5:56 Argentina (and the masculine form argentino) can actually be used as adjectives in Spanish to refer to something made of silver! Something similar happens with aurum, we have áureo and áurea
De aurum proviene directamente oro, áureo es una palabra tomada. En español antiguo también existió "ariento", heredada del latín argentum. De hecho, en el reino de Castilla hubo una moneda llamada arienzo < ARGENTEUM, literalmente "la de plata".
@@nnirr1 Huh....I kinda tracked it back a bit. Aura is derived from the greek αὔρα which means a breeze, cool air in motion. Whereas aurum derrives from the earlier latin form ausum. And that came from the also latin word audeo meaning "I dare". And that came from the proto-Italic awidēō meaning "wanting much" or greed. There is also the latin word avidus. So no, no relation I guess. The one is a small breeze, the other one greed.
Silver as an element got its current name from the Indo-European root "arg-u-ro" (= shiny metal) and is related to the Sanskrit word arj-una (= light, luminous). In addition to άργυρος (árgiros) in Greek, this same Indo-European root also passed into Latin, the word argentum, which in turn passed down to the rest of the Latin languages (argent in French meaning both silver and money, and argento in Italian). Similarly to Argentina having received its name from the Latin argentum, Arizona also got its name from the Aztec ariziuma, also meaning silver.
With each new video, I'm becoming more and more of a fan. Great work. 🤗 I have the feeling, that one element, although appearing in a list at 14:06, should have gotten a mention of its own. Mendelevium is named after the guy, who came up with the periodic table in the 1st place.
During my high school days I didn't have a clue about the periodic table's use. After watching your short video I gained more knowledge about it than ever before. Keep up the good work by educating me and others.
@@Mercure250 Yes, the Silurian and Ordovician periods got their names from Celtic tribes, the Silures, and Ordovices, respectively. I’m a Welshman myself.
@@weshard1 Yeah, I remember looking these up and I was surprised that so many of them were straight up named after random places around the world, and I had some "Oh of course!" moments with some of them (notably, Devonian, Jurassic, and Permian)
I find Rob’s videos both informative and entertaining and I’m glad to have found this channel. I’ve appreciated the study of etymology for a number of years as a hobby not academically.
Lawrentium and Brekelium are both named after the guy (Ernest Lawrence) that founded the 2 laboratories that discovered them. So they both technically count in my book.
in Polish, we have very weird names for elements, and not all of them are translations of Greek or Roman names. Oxygen is Tlen, from 'tlić' - slowly burning, same as Fire Air. On the other hand, Węgiel is a translation of Carbon, which means charcoal and Azot (Nitrogenium) is a borrowing of Azotikos - the thing that does not support life. Apparently, the crucial role of Nitrogen in life processes was not yet understood well. Hydrogene is Wodór, literal translation of the term. Mercury is known here as Rtęć, from Old Slavonic Rtut, but nobody knows what it means. Hydragyros is sometimes translated as "żywe srebro (quicksilver)", and is also used metaphorically to describe a person, usually a young girl, full of life, wit, and vigour. Aluminium is Glin ("Clay") and Silicone is Krzem - literally "spark bringer"
I'm a chemist and this is a fascinating topic. It's interesting to think that if things had gone a little differently, we could be talking about aquaform and muriatine instead of hydrogen and chlorine.
I’ve browsed the Royal Institute of Chemistry’s Periodic Table so I knew a bunch of these, but this video was fantastic! Love the classic British humor, would love to see all of the Table covered!
As a Greek, I can truly say that all information related to the Greek language is 100% accurate. Thank you for respecting our (ancestors') language. I Love your channel!
Regarding 1:07 the Hydra was the multi-headed snake monster that lurked in Lake Lerna in Greece and was ultimately killed by Heracles. Regarding 5:22, Aurum the Latin name for gold referred to Shining Dawn who was the Roman goddess Aurora. Regarding 5:33, the Latin word Argentum referred to the shiny white metal which was silver.
Again very interesting! I read that Wolfram derives from "ram" which means "soot" because the mineral easily breaks into a black powder. This mineral was a problem in tin extraction because it "ate" the ore like a wolf eats sheep. The latin word is lupi spuma = wolf's foam.
This was a great one! I knew lots of these, since they're fairly obvious, but that has always made me wonder about those that were not so obvious. Having you fill in lots of gaps in the fun way you always do was a treat.
Another chemical 'gen' word is halogen ('salt maker') which refers to the Group 7 elements of the periodic table: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine.
11:51 - Miners thought that earth spirits were in the mines which would spoil the iron, but what they were really getting was another metal mixed in with the iron. That other metal was cobalt, named after the kobolds who were believed to have put it there. Cobalt is now more valuable than iron because of its use in electronics like computers. In 1997, a D&D computer game called Baldur’s Gate came out, and one of the first adventures you embark on was to investigate why the iron in some mines has become brittle. As it turned out, small creatures called kobolds had been alchemically corrupting the iron ore which came from the mine. I’m not sure if the game developers meant to make the kobolds & bad iron connection or if it was a coincidence which turned out to be more appropriate than they knew. I do have a habit of digging into obscure meanings in creative works, and sometimes I find connections which weren’t conscious choices of the authors.
Quick silver meaning liquid silver is fine. It does mean that. But in older forms of English, quick had more of an sense of living, which also applied to Murcury. When at room tempts, Murcury is liquid and silvery looking, but it will pool up and move at the slightest vibration while stil trying to stay in that pooling. It looks alive in that state.
Correct. Same in German btw, where the name of the element is "Quecksilber". The word "queck" or "quick" no longer exists in modern German, but there does exist the adjective "quicklebendig". "lebendig" means "alive" and "quicklebendig" is basically the same, only with greater emphasis. Of course, we also have the old meaning of "quick" = "alive" in German "erquicken" and English "quicken" (as in religious talk like "he quickens my soul".)
Rob, mate you are bloody brilliant. More of this please. As I have lived in Athens Greece and have found Greek being a most fascinating language and for an English speaker was challenging to get a handle on. Greek words or roots of this wonderfully rich language is everywhere in other languages. Most of not all medical terms are Greek I believe.
Great video! I wouldn't mind a part 2 of this, where you explain the names of iron, tin, and lead, and not just their chemical symbols. Same for Arsenic and Sulfur, which you mentioned but did not actually talk about. Other elements I don't recall seeing are Phosphor, Silicon, and Calcium, which I think would all be interesting. Also why do the nobel gasses tend to end in -on instead of -um? So many questions still. Love the fact that Gold just means Yellow though
"on" is common for non-metals other than halogens: also Carbon, Boron and Silicon. Ramsey, who named them, used Greek words to name the noble gases, which is where the "on" came from. Helium is an exception since nobody knew it was a gas when it was discovered via the Sun's spectrum. Bismuth, arsenic and antimony were named before the convention, and nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen by another system by Lavoisier.
You missed the opportunity to include Arabic etymologies. I believe the K of potassium comes from the Arabic word potash: kali. Which is also from where we get alkali. Also boron comes from Arabic and the old word for nitrogen azote (still used in some languages like French).
@@VolkerBrueggemann Vielen Dank! I was going to ask if DW was Deutsche Welle, but I assumed in your comment it must have referred to something else that was more related to languages or etymology. I love DW! Thanks again for the link. Will definitely watch!
@@shangobunni5 I stumbled upon that Rob is an anchor at Deutsche Welle's news. That explains why he mostly records from Germany. You can follow the DW channel here on UA-cam and with luck, you'll see him.
@@danielterrazas Thanks, in fact I do already follow DW (they have the best documentaries), but I had never seen Rob anchoring before. It was a treat - I’m a big fan of Ron’s work. 😊
10:12: Selenium get its name from the moon, and Tellurium, which is just under Selenium in the Periodic Table, from the earth. And Cerium is named after Ceres.
A different twist for a great channel! As a science teacher, I want to acknowledge how awesome is the research you put into this video!! No small task to be sure.
Bromine would have been worth touching on. It is the only liquid element apart from Mercury, and has several Greek and Latin naming elements. It takes its name either from a Latin name for Bacchus (Greek Dionysus) for its red-brown wine color, and/or from the Greek for "stench", similar to Osmium. The Greek word may even refer to the specific kind of stench emitted by a male goat. This was an incredibly informative & interesting video though, really appreciated the incredible amount of work that must have gone into it to make so many complex and disparate concepts so accessible!
represents the rounded form of /i/ (which is often written "ee" in english) in most scandanavian languages. And also in the International Phonetic Alphabet, which is how I remember it. Basically just say "ee" as in "green", but round your lips like you're making an /u/ sound, like the "oo" in "goose". If you're familiar with french, /y/ is also the "u" in "tu".
I like it that Tungsten is etymologically Swedish but we generally use wolfram still. Also the main incandescent lightbulb brand was Osram (for Osmium + Wolfram I think) with knock-off brand Tungsram going all-wolfram. I mean tungsten.
Arsenic, like nitrogen, forms aromatic 5 membered rings. For nitrogen these are called az-oles , think az from azole as per the French for Nitrogen. The Arsenic analogues take the ars- root, with the -ole suffix...
As I continue going through your back catalog of videos, I keep saying " this one is my favorite! " However, this one has to be one of my favorites just because it covers two of my favorite things, words and science.
Rob! you're amazing! You find the most fascinating topics!!! Dephlogisticated air probably comes from the phlogiston theory which was a substance that competed with oxygen and was used to explain combustion and transfer of heat. Materials which were rich in phlogisten would release it into the air when burned. Phlogisten was essentially cold so for example an ice cube was rich in phlogisten (and therefore couldn't burn). The theory took an awkward turn when it was decide that plants absorbed phlogisten while growing. This experimental flaw eventually collapsed the theory in favour of the oxygen as an element theory. Rob, in the (British) science industry to my understanding is that "Aluminium" is the metal whereas the salts such as aluminum oxides are.. well aluminum. Our American friends have helped us out here by reducing the words. Care to talk about the pronunciation of antimony? ANTimony or anTIMony. Again, I thoroughly enjoy your videos!!!!
My first language is English but I was educated in French. Many of the "weird" symbols make perfect sense in French due to it's relationship to Latin! It wasn't until I was much older I noticed the incongruity. 😁
Thank you, as always, for the video! Little correction on Wolfram though, the rām has more of the meaning of soot or crud, because it can easily be ground and was blackish, like coal soot. The first name it got was indeed wolf cream, lupi spuma.
There was a joke during the 1950s that one particular research facility was creating so many new elements that they would appear as follows in the Periodic Table: Universitium, Ofium, Californium, Berkelium
I studied the periodic table for a year, but I never learned as much or had as much fun as I have with Rob's lesson... and not an abominable mispronunciation anywhere.
In Russian, Hydrogen and Oxygen are "Vodorod" and "Kislorod", respectively. The suffix "-rod" means "that which gives birth", "Vodo-" comes from "Voda", water. "Kislo-" comes from "Kislota" (acid), which literally means "that which is sour." So translated literally, Hydrogen in Russian is "that which gives birth to water" and Oxygen is "that which gives birth to acid (or sourness)."
Рік тому+21
The topic has bothered me for years. In German, sodium and potassium are called "Natrium" and "Kalium" like in the original Latin words and not like the English counterpart. That's why the symbols Na and K happen to fit with German names. That's why I thought the two elements had German origins at school. The element bismuth is also called "Wismut" in German. Wismut is a former East German mining company that mined uranium for the USSR. So it has nothing to do with the element "bismuth". At school I also always thought that the company was mining bismuth.
There is no original Latin name. Potassium was first extracted by Humphrey Davy in 1807 and he named it Potassium. However, ten years earlier Martin Heinrich Klaproth had found that there is some new element and he suggested "kali" as a name for it from "alkali" which is Arabic origin. However, they both come from ash. Potassium from pot ashes (potash) and alkali from plant ashes. From Wikipedia: "Kalium (lateinisch, aus arabisch القلية, DMG al-qalya ‚Pflanzenasche‘) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol K (früher vereinzelt auch Ka) und der Ordnungszahl 19. "
@@okaro6595 Yep! Al-qali means the ashes you get from burning saltwort, a common weed in Mediterranean beaches. This ash contains a lot of sodium and potassium carbonate and was cooked with oil to make soap. Two species of saltwort have the scientific names _Salsola soda_ and Salsola kali, names linked to "sodium" and "kalium"
We use Natrium and Kalium as well in Dutch. Though there do exist outdated names Potas and Soda,as in 'dubbel koolzure soda', that is baking soda, sodium-bicarbonaat.
In the medical field, -ium is translated as "stuff". 'pericardium' : stuff around heart. Latin is just simple words that sound exotic when put together. :P
Actual translation from Greek: "peri" (anc. Greek=surrounding) + "card" (kardia/cardia=heart) + ium suffix. Altogether pericardium = tissue/layer surrounding the heart. Same goes for epicardium from anc. Greek. "epi" meaning on top of/nearby, myocardium from anc. Greek "mys"/"myo" referring to muscle and finally endocardium again from anc. Greek, "endo" (innermost/inside).
8:35 Ytterby is not even a small town. It’s a tiny part of a tiny island called Resarö in the archipelago of Stockholm, not bigger than a couple of blocks. I live on another tiny island in the archipelago of Stockholm, but still larger than Resarö.
One of my favorite elements is “Bromine” which gets its name from the Latin word “bromos” meaning stench. Hydrogenated vegetable oil (or partially hydrogenated) is when you add hydrogen to vegetable oil to make a liquid oil solid and spreadable. Mountain Dew use to add “Brominated vegetable oil” in their drink (so did other citrus based drinks, many off brands still use it). Which is when you add bromine to vegetable oil. Mountain Dew stopped using it in 2020.
Knowing Russian helped a lot with the elements with "strange" symbols. In Russian many names are still kept close to Latin like Kaliy (K) and Natriy (Na)
Vanadis is the main epithet for Freya (actually Freya itself is an epithet, meaning "Lady"). A Dis is a lesser female divinity of some sort, like the ruling spirit (Rå) of a particular forest or landform, and both the Norns and the Valkyries are Disir. The title Vanadis presumably harkens back to a time when Freya and Odins wife Frigg was the same character (Frigg just means "Love," its the same "fri" as in friend, since a friend is someone who has a loving disposition towards you), and so as the lady and housekeeper of Valhalla she would be the leader of the Valkyries, hence she is the Vane who is also a Dis.
I’m french and since my mother tongue is is so close to latin, i never even wondered about a lot of these! Good examples would be silver (Ag/*A*r*g*ent) and Lead (Pb/*P*lom*b*). Awesome video nonetheless, a lot of elements’ name origins are fascinating to learn about!
I'd also like to add for the 10:22 list Cerium, named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after a Roman goddess of the same name, the goddess of agriculture), and Nihonium, named after Nihon, the endonym for Japan. I was curious about Bismuth and looked it up as it was one of the few that didn't end in -um, -gen, -on, or -ine, apparently it's just a new latin translation of German weiße Masse or wismuth meaning white mass.
While that um/ium in English (and other modern languages) does just mean 'element', my understanding is that it comes from the number of elements whose original common name was '(metal/stone/substance) from (place)', where (place) was the town or city that was the most well known source of the substance at the time. This was then rendered in Latin (that being the 'common tongue' of the scientific community), if it wasn't Latin already, resulting in a rather massive portion of the elements on the periodic table having that ending, and thus it being used by analogy for most newly discovered elements, even when they Weren't named for places.
Partially correct. Now the convention is -um suffix is for metals like Titanium, Kalium, Ferrum, and Semi metals like Germanium etc. Yes, Helium is not a metal but we didn't know at the time. -ine suffix is for Halogens - Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine etc. -on suffix is for Noble gases - Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon, and Oganesson. Also used in nonmetal solids like Boron, Carbon, and Silicon.
In which we find out that the names of elements really aren't always elementary, and that tungsten's symbol has maybe the most bizarre origin of the lot. It was a delight to enjoy this hopscotch journey through the table periodic!
I have definitely heard of Ytterby. I am also a Nuclear Medicine Technologist and have been helping to put 90Y Silicate in joints that needed it for over 30 years.
Helium ends with "um" because the discoverers expected it to be a metal like most elements are (they didn't have a physical sample of the stuff since they discovered it by analysing sunlight). Note that all the other noble gas names end with "on".
Correct. Specifically, they analyzed the solar spectrum with a spectroscope and found spectral lines that did not match any known element so determined there was a new previously unknown element. It was some years before trace amounts of a gas with the same spectral lines were found emanating from a sample of a uranium ore, formed from radioactive decay.
Rob : You are amazing with your videos: I love them all because I love linguistics , languages , and etymology . You truly put in a lot of work preparing for each video. Perhaps you can put all what you did in a book What do you think ? I’ll be the first to buy it
The UA-cam algorithm introduced your content to me several times and it usually knows what I might be interested in so I gave it a go. I am delighted to have found a kindred curious spirit who has the knowledge and history of how languages and phrases came to be. Excellent presentations!
Funny you mentioned Boron at the end. Watching Chernobyl series, one of the main elements used to slow down the runaway reaction was boron poured over the top of the open reactor!
Interestingly, while you English speakers go around calling it a heavy stone in Swedish, we Swedes do not call it Tungsten, but instead Volfram. As a side note, Boron is, in spite of its name, actually a quite interesting element.
@@HalfEye79 I am not sure that the authors of "The Core" know or even care about the different between an element and a compound, seeing how utterly illogical the whole movie is from start to finish and all.
I've always told myself that words and names carry a powerful meaning. At a young age I've got a fascination in the names and origins and meanings of the names of the elements and man do I love naming things using the origins. Such as Aurum meaning Lustrous, so someone named Aurelius means "Golden One" or "The Lustrous One" Another is Argentum meaning "White/Pure metal" which naming something "The Argent Sword of the King" can mean "The Silver/Pure sword of the King" and could be why accursed creatures such as Vampires and Werewolves fear Silver as it's said to be Pure, as well as how it could help preserve drinks as barrels were lined with silver to slow rot like salt.
This was such a good video! I watched it myself and then we watched it again as a family. I knew some of these but it’s so fun how you can always learn new things hiding in language. Always love seeing a new video pop up from this channel
You mentioned Hydrogen = Wasserstoff but German has three more of the early elements with names like that: Oxygen = Sauerstoff = sour stuff which relates to acids (sauer is the ajdective to Säure, the german word for acid) Carbon = Kohlenstoff = coal stuff Nitrogen = Stickstoff = choking stuff (because it chokes out fires I guess).
Since you already mentioned "Wasserstoff" for Hydrogen: Oxygen is called "Sauerstoff" in German, sauer translates to sour, or... acid/acidic. An acid is called "Säure" and belongs to the same word family as sauer. /edit: Wolfram is not quite correct. The "Wolf" part comes from the fact that when the element was discovered in the 16th century, it "ate tin like a wolf". The "ram" part comes from middle high German "rām". This word is the origin for the modern word "Rahm", but it also means "ruß" or soot. Why is this important? Well, because if you take Wolframit [(Fe,Mn)WO4] you can very easily grind it into black powder. So Tungsten is an element that eats tin and looks like your chimney after you put in damp wood. P.S. On that note: Tungsten didn't actually describe the element back when English, French and Italian introduced that word and took it from Swedish (as described in the video), the element they were referring to was calcium tungstate and the swedes called the same element "volfram".
@@Teri_Berk "Stick" comes from "ersticken", which translates to "suffocate", but the meaning is rather "doesn't support life" or "suffocates life". That's why the earliest French name was "azôte", an almost direct translation of "ersticken". The English Name Nitrogen is loaned from the French "nitrogène", taken from Latin "nitrogenium", which in turn comes from Greek "nítron", which describes a brine and was chosen after it was discovered that saltpetre/nitre and nitric acid are nitrogen compounds (which is also the reason why early names for nitrogen were "Salpeterbildner" or "saltpetre maker")
@@Ruhrpottpatriot I wouldn't really guess that "Stick" would have something to do with suffocation. The word azôte sounds like something which could be deadly. If you only change the z with t and it becomes atôte and that suddenly looks like töten which means to kill in German.
I would guess that "ersticken" has the root "stecken" which can mean "tuck in" but also "stick" and is also used as "plug in" in "einstecken". I think they might have the same origin?
I am a chemist and it was Humphrey Davy (A British fellow) who coined the name Aluminum. Americans dutifully accepted this spelling. Later it was brought into line with other -ium elements by IUPAC systematic nomenclature and became Aluminium. The Americans were used to the old spelling and pronunciation and it stuck with them.
![Lp. Сердце Вселенной #60 РОЖДЕНИЕ ЛОЛОЛОШКИ [Финал] • Майнкрафт](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoR0pAV9FVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
In Swedish Hydrogen and Oxygen are called "Väte" and "Syre" respectively, which are also translations of the Greek terms since rendered in English they'd be something like "Wetter" and "Sourer" i.e. "that which wets" and "that which sours."
I think you mean "sourer". Oxygen is "Sauerstoff" (sour stuff) in German, too.
Then there is Nitrogen: Kväve, from kväva = suffocate.
Coolt! 🙂
@@UCKY5 In Dutch, 'stof' has multiple meanings. In element names, it means 'material', not 'stuff' or 'dust'. ;)
@@UCKY5 Dont forget 'koolstof' (carbon): coal stuff.
I'm an engineer and it would be delightful if you would do a full version of this and discuss each element in order on a separate video for people who aren't bored easily. This is kind of like a spreadsheet with holes in it.
Agreed
I would love to watch a video like this 😃
@@SongOfStorms411 I wasn't referencing that somebody hasn't discussed every element on the periodic table to death three times already. I wanted to see this view or viewpoint or angle on the periodic table complete and filled out with every element where the name came from a little history.
I second this!
@@markmcgoveran6811 I think that goes beyond his scope, he's a words guy, not a chemistry guy
I bloody love this channel! Found you a few days ago and have been bingeing since. I noticed you mentioned you went to York Uni. Any chance you studied linguistics there? (If so, snap!!)
Hi Jay! No, I didn't do linguistics, I did English, but we were there at the same time. I interviewed you a couple of times for the student radio station. I was (and remain) a fan! "Calypso, Calypso, filled with sugar and E163"
I cannot believe this, you both went to the same uni, wowo!!!! You are both amazing, I too just discovered RobWords and am a Jay Foreman fan - best part of UA-cam by far! Just starting my upcoming RobWords binge, never knew how much I needed these etymology videos 😄
@@RobWords I *KNEW* you looked familiar!! How embarrassing! 😮 In my defence, it’s been nearly 20 years. Hope all’s well with you!
I noticed this channel pop up in my recommendeds the other day as well. Good stuff!
You're entirely forgiven. Lovely to hear from you now!
14:55 honestly the best part about tungsten is that while it is a Swedish word, the Swedish word for the element is Wolfram, while in almost every other country it’s Tungsten. Kinda funny how despite it being a Swedish word, it’s not the Swedish word for the element
Uh.. no? At no point have I heard Tungsten been called wolfram in sweden. I've only lived here my entire life. Its tungsten.
It's Volfram (Вольфрам) in Russian
@@doommarauder3532 check the Swedish periodic table you numbskull
@@doommarauder3532 Well, I've also lived in Sweden all my life and have never heard this element called anything but volfram. If you look up "tungsten" in Swedish Wikipedia, you'll find it desribed as "an earlier name of an element - see volfram". The entry for volfram in Swedish Wikipedia starts with the description "volfram is a metallic element discovered in 1783 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele".
@@radixverum1940 They don't mean it was used as the Swedish name. They mean the name derives from Swedish.
LOVE the humour. Wish he started with Mendelevium as the discoverer of the table, and mentioned the latin names for Sn, K, Fe
I feel it necessary to submit that I love your channel. Your video style has the perfect mix of informative and entertaining. Your dry wit and cheesy puns warm my heart and make learning fun and easy. Don't never stop stopping, Rob.
That's lovely to hear, thank you
I've spent the last few days just binging through them all. Satisfying videos and oddly addictive.
I absolutely agree.
That quadruple negative makes my brain hurt. Otherwise, very wholesome
Well said and for me the channel is nice to watch as it's delivered in a calm way...easy to watch
Actually, the element Tungsten is not called Wolfrahm in German, but Wolfram. And -ram in this case has nothing to do with white fluffy cream, the word rām is Middle High German meaning grime, soot or dirt because the easy to grate mineral resembles grime.
came here to write this, thankful you posted it already
I always thought it was funny that it's called tungsten in English, a Swedish word, but in Swedish we say wolfram, like in German 😅
Are you saying Wolfram is not "wolf's cream" but "wolf's poo"? That's even more hilarious XD
@@LeSetteMelediEva No, I mean the black carbon powder after you burned something... not a native English speaker so I don't know how it's translated best.
@@gordonbrinkmann I'm not native english either, I was trying to toss a very bad pun XD XD XD XD
Sodium/Natrium is something that many of us non-native speakers of English need to remember, simply because you wouldn't expect English to use a different name that's also Latin-looking.
Indeed, most non-Romance languages use a variant of "Kalium" for "potassium" and a variant of "Natrium" for "sodium". That's the case in German, for example.
@@TheRavenir true, but oddly enough potassium carbonate ("Kaliumcarbonat") is also named "Pottasche" in German. The sound being similar to "potassium" is no coincidence.
@@arthur_p_dent Potassium carbonate was originally extracted from ashes. Pot Ash
Pot-Ash-ium
@@yura2424 I know. Just didn't care to dive into the details here. "potash" is also an old English word, describing the same circumstance.
I am lab operator. I often wondered where the names of the elements come from. Why we use in science not everywhere the same words ? It would make the chemical wolrd easier. Why Potassium in English and Kalium in German? The K is the Symbol for Kalium. Natrim Symbol Na - Sodium? Confusing.
I actually live in Ytterby and I could see my house on Google in your video. Everyone on the island of Resarö is well aware of the significance of the mine and the elements that was discovered here.
It's actually quite cool that little Sweden has so many elements discovered here.
the etymology of potassium is very interesting. potassium was known early on to alchemists for making soap, and was isolated by using wood ash aka pot ash (hence the name potassium pronounced pot-ash-ium). Kalium, the Latin name, comes from the word alkali, which comes from the Arabic scholars who worked with the element, who called it al-qalyah, which means plant ash. so the name and symbol for potassium comes from it's early use in soap making by deriving it from ashes.
ooh, interesting
Potash is/was also used in glass making. Historically, huge amounts of hardwood trees were burnt to ash for the glass industry, including in North America and the Black Forest in Germany.
I love alchemy in all of its forms 💭🌌❣️
wow, I was taught at school that the name derived from Kali, the hindu goddess of fire, which made it my favourite. Still, the Arabic origin is equally interesting.
Same with Calcium... the symbol for Calcium should be K or Ka... ??? but it got the updated symbol to go with the updated name.
I have a seven year old daughter who taught herself to read by the time she was three - with, quite literally, zero help from me, as she had decided that only she would be the one to read herself stories. Her love of words hasn't diminished one bit as she's grown older. So I just wanted to say, thank you Rob, for this channel and answering the plethora of "word questions" that she has. She loves these videos so much.
She must be getting help from somewhere. Otherwise, how would she know which sounds go with which letters?
@@greywolf7577 she put subtitles on everything and used to fall asleep listening to anything that taught phonics.
She is what neuorscientists and psychologists call neurotypical hyperlexic. Congratulations on having such a talented daughter!
@@rosemorris7912 very likely a little autistic too - though incredibly fascinating 😉
Interestingly she doesn't spell her words in writing as well as she can read them. As far as reading goes, there's not a word that's stumped her so far!
My Dad told me when I was very, very young to become besties w/ words, and to know their duality as well, and I've been asking questions about them ever since 🌸🍓❣️😁
Another reason behind the name of tantalum is that it's very resistant to being dissolved in acids. Just like Tantalus was in water but couldn't interact with it, tantalum can be in acid and not interact with it.
I designed some acid tanks for a plating company and having worked my way through college as a welder I tig welded the tantalum tanks using sheared strips of the metal as filler rod.
I missed this and much prefer this explanation. Thank you.
interesting
@shalomshalom8715 Australia=australis=south.
3:50 in Polish (my mother tongue) "aluminium" is a word for technically clean, extracted aluminum, with 99.95 - 99.955% of the chemical element. and the chemical element itself, in Polish is called "glin" (pronounced "gleen"). so "glin" is the theoretical term for the element, and "aluminium" is a practical term for the closest substance you can get to the chemical element.
"Glin" sounds like it came from the word "Glina" = "clay"
Aluminum is made from clay. Pure clay is Al2O3
you both are right, I was actually using Wikipedia as my reference for the technical meaning of the word "aluminium", but in everyday life they can be synonyms. and in Polish schools, I can tell, they rather call the chemical element "glin" than "aluminium".
Bauxite
@@yura2424ancient Greek, άργυρος (árgiros) = silver, άργυλος (argylos) = clay. Can't be a coincidence
@@yura2424 nah... Aluminium is mainly made out of bauxite, the main aluminium ore. It is more like a hard rock. There may be a lot of clay-minerals which contain aluminum but not every clay is aluminum enriched. Trust me. I'm geologist.
Here's an obligatory Polish comment to thank you for pointing out that Maria Skłodowska-Curie was not, in fact, French. She was essentially a refugee who fled Poland in times of Russian occupation to seek education. She was deeply patriotic (as we can see by the element she has named) and very distraught she had to leave the country.
It's quite sad that now most of the world think she's french, because she married a French man and Polish names look too scary to pronounce for most foreigners :P To my best knowledge she insisted to keep her Polish maiden name and underlined herself that she's Polish, not French.
There's a very interesting article about her relationship with her homeland : "Polonium, Radioactivity & Elephants:
How Poland Shaped Maria Skłodowska-Curie
(& How She Shaped Poland)".
And also as far as Polish names go, this one is not that hard to pronounce! It's often just the spelling that looks hard - it's pronounced: Skwo-dov-ska.
She was french, just deal with it.... Like Chopin.
@@calahan59 Like Chopin, who had his heart preserved and taken back to Poland! Yours is a very confusing comment. :)
@@calahan59 Nonsense. Chopin was at least a son of a Frenchman, but MSC was a Polish expat in France. You don't acquire your ethnicity from a spouse.
I knew she was Polish. But you are right that most people think she's French.
Here's an interesting fact about Cobalt:
The miners who mined it thought that the cobalt was cursed by, well, kobolds. However, kobolds weren't completely malevolent creatures, either. It is said that, if you left them offerings, they would actually protect you by knocking on the walls of the mineshafts from the other side if the shaft was about to collapse. The origin of this superstition is thought to be the fact that certain types of rock, when under enough strain (such as they might experience during an impending cave in), would give off a distinctive knocking sound, which the miners learned to recognize as a sign of danger.
I really think you should've mentioned Oganesson especially, notable for being the only element named after someone still alive today.
Also it, along with Seaborgium, is the only element that was named after someone who was still alive at time of naming.
Arguably Gallium was named after its discoverer, though in a roundabout way. It was discovered by a guy named lecoq which is french for "the chicken" and gallium could come from gallus (latin for chicken) rather than gaul.
Both worked in the teams that discovered the most recent elements. The places where they have been discovered are also immortalized as elements (one lab in California and one near moscow iirc)
@@TomFromMars Well, the Lawrencium Berkelium and Lawrencium Livermorium National Laboratories in Californium, United States of Americium are involved in the names of multiple elements. Dubnium is named after the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna which is, as you say, near Moscow.
@@beeble2003 thank you, i remembered californium and moscovium but the rest eluded me.
@@beeble2003 Glenn T. Seaborg could be contacted using an address consisting entirely of elements: Seaborgium, Lawrencium, Berkelium, Californium, Americium
10:25 Nihonium is also named after Japan! Nihon (or Nippon) is the actual Japanese name for the country
and he forgot as well another old country en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia
Let's not forget Livermorium either, named after Livermore, California
@DestinyCodeMatrix Ruth from Bibel???
Rus was named Ruthenia in Latin or Pωσία in Greek as transliteration.
Australia ≠ Austria, Slovakia ≠ Slovenia, Switzerland ≠ Swaziland!
The amount of work that obviously goes into writing RobWords episodes is impressive. All the rhymes, puns, alliteration, references, and connections you make between words, idioms, and other expressions is just - Wow! That you can pack so much word play into one relatively short video is mind-boggling. Keep up the great work! ❤😊👍
8:55 Ah! Ytterby jumpscare in the middle of taking about Tantalum
The song 4:48 into the video is "Gold" by Spandau Ballet
I can't think of many other channels that consistently deliver such a high [information/time] ratio. Thank you!
When I learned chemistry in middle school and had to remember the symbols for the elements, I looked into how they are called in latin to help me remember why it's Ag, Au, Fe or Cu.
Also, in Polish, the oxygen has an interesting name of "tlen". It comes from the word "tlić" (smolder), because it is needed to burn. Before the mid 19-th century thogh, it was called "kwasoród", which is a direct translation from latin.
In Czech, oxygen is called "kyslík (compare with the Polish word "kiszony," meaning "pickled" or "sour").
100% agree, Poland has the most polish(ed) language. English should follow suit and call oxygen "burnium."
My high school chemistry teacher says that the way you remember the symbol for silver and gold is to think that if you get your silver stolen, you say "aww gee" (AG) and if you get your gold stolen, you chase after the person and say "Hey you!" (AU).
Beryllium is named after the mineral Beryll which was used for optical lenses. The German word "Brille" is related to that.
Superb! Thanks for that.
Hmm. Does that share any etymology with the word "Braille"?
Interesting
@@SteelJM1 I think it comes from the name of the guy who invented it (L. Braille)
@@Holy_flipflops_of_Moses Dang. Just a coincidence then.
(Non-English) fun fact: While in Hungarian we use more elements based on their Latin origin than English, hence making learning their symbols easier, we have an interesting coincidence too. Mercury, aka Hg, is based on hydrargyrum. There was no Hungarian name for it in the 19th century, when it was a tendency to create/invent new Hungarian words to cover gaps. The name they came up was related to the Hungarian word signifying something fluid/watery/thin. The base word became híg, resulting in higany. Which coincidentally fits well the element Hg.
There was another idea to name it after Wednesday, which in Italic languages is based on Mercury (the deity), and in Hungarian it's szerda, which itself if based on the Slavic word (middle of the week) for Wednesday. And that's how a Roman god and a Norse god are both related to being fluid in the middle of the week.
Wow! You’ve touched a nerve. You have over 1,000 comments! I don’t know if you’ll see this comment, but I just wanted to say that I’ve really enjoyed this video.
GREAT JOB!!! This is something I’ve always wanted to learn more about and never understood. You have made it interesting and fun. I can tell that you put a lot of work into this video. I was thinking this throughout the video. I was thinking that you have a new style to this video. I do hope you’ll do more on this subject, as others have mentioned. Great job Rob, thank you. You took a boring subject and made it fascinating. I’m going to save this one and watch it again later. So that I can take more in, I need to hear and see it more than once to wrap my head around what was said. Makes me wonder if you’re a teacher, any student would be blessed to have you as a teacher. Making learning interesting and fun.
Thanks again, this is definitely one of my favorite videos. Greetings to you and your wife.
5:56 Argentina (and the masculine form argentino) can actually be used as adjectives in Spanish to refer to something made of silver! Something similar happens with aurum, we have áureo and áurea
De aurum proviene directamente oro, áureo es una palabra tomada. En español antiguo también existió "ariento", heredada del latín argentum. De hecho, en el reino de Castilla hubo una moneda llamada arienzo < ARGENTEUM, literalmente "la de plata".
For example, "the golden ratio" is "la proporción áurea".
Is Aurum related to the word Aura?
@@nnirr1 Huh....I kinda tracked it back a bit. Aura is derived from the greek αὔρα which means a breeze, cool air in motion.
Whereas aurum derrives from the earlier latin form ausum. And that came from the also latin word audeo meaning "I dare". And that came from the proto-Italic awidēō meaning "wanting much" or greed. There is also the latin word avidus.
So no, no relation I guess. The one is a small breeze, the other one greed.
huh i thought argentino was an adjective to refer to a man with a large nose ;)
Silver as an element got its current name from the Indo-European root "arg-u-ro" (= shiny metal) and is related to the Sanskrit word arj-una (= light, luminous). In addition to άργυρος (árgiros) in Greek, this same Indo-European root also passed into Latin, the word argentum, which in turn passed down to the rest of the Latin languages (argent in French meaning both silver and money, and argento in Italian).
Similarly to Argentina having received its name from the Latin argentum, Arizona also got its name from the Aztec ariziuma, also meaning silver.
With each new video, I'm becoming more and more of a fan. Great work. 🤗
I have the feeling, that one element, although appearing in a list at 14:06, should have gotten a mention of its own.
Mendelevium is named after the guy, who came up with the periodic table in the 1st place.
During my high school days I didn't have a clue about the periodic table's use. After watching your short video I gained more knowledge about it than ever before. Keep up the good work by educating me and others.
Rob Deine Videos sind wirklich eine perfekte Mischung aus unterhaltsam und lehrreich, und die Produktionsqualität ist auch noch top notch.
Do an episode on the origin of the names of the eons, eras, periods, and epochs of the geological timescale. Many are interesting.
Interestingly, a lot of them come from places in Wales, iirc
@@Mercure250 Yes, the Silurian and Ordovician periods got their names from Celtic tribes, the Silures, and Ordovices, respectively.
I’m a Welshman myself.
@@Mercure250 And, of course, the Cambrian period, after the Cambrian mountains of Mid Wales.
@@weshard1 Yeah, I remember looking these up and I was surprised that so many of them were straight up named after random places around the world, and I had some "Oh of course!" moments with some of them (notably, Devonian, Jurassic, and Permian)
@@Mercure250they really just wanted to represent Wales there 😂
I love how I didn't connect the dots when I was Learning about Welsh kingdoms 🤣😭
This was informative and I quite enjoyed it. Keep up the good work 👏
Thank you so much, Rowinder!
I find Rob’s videos both informative and entertaining and I’m glad to have found this channel. I’ve appreciated the study of etymology for a number of years as a hobby not academically.
10:24 You forgot nihonium. That name comes from Japan literally meaning Japan (nihon, 日本)
He also forgot Rhenium :((((
Lawrentium and Brekelium are both named after the guy (Ernest Lawrence) that founded the 2 laboratories that discovered them. So they both technically count in my book.
in Polish, we have very weird names for elements, and not all of them are translations of Greek or Roman names. Oxygen is Tlen, from 'tlić' - slowly burning, same as Fire Air. On the other hand, Węgiel is a translation of Carbon, which means charcoal and Azot (Nitrogenium) is a borrowing of Azotikos - the thing that does not support life. Apparently, the crucial role of Nitrogen in life processes was not yet understood well. Hydrogene is Wodór, literal translation of the term. Mercury is known here as Rtęć, from Old Slavonic Rtut, but nobody knows what it means. Hydragyros is sometimes translated as "żywe srebro (quicksilver)", and is also used metaphorically to describe a person, usually a young girl, full of life, wit, and vigour.
Aluminium is Glin ("Clay") and Silicone is Krzem - literally "spark bringer"
I'm a chemist and this is a fascinating topic. It's interesting to think that if things had gone a little differently, we could be talking about aquaform and muriatine instead of hydrogen and chlorine.
I’ve browsed the Royal Institute of Chemistry’s Periodic Table so I knew a bunch of these, but this video was fantastic!
Love the classic British humor, would love to see all of the Table covered!
As a Greek, I can truly say that all information related to the Greek language is 100% accurate. Thank you for respecting our (ancestors') language. I Love your channel!
Every word comes from the original Greek! (My Big Fat Greek Wedding) lol
Was Michael Flanders correct about _xenos_ being the word for guest as well as stranger?
These are some of the most consistently enjoyable and professional vids on any subject on UA-cam, Rob: thanks!
Regarding 1:07 the Hydra was the multi-headed snake monster that lurked in Lake Lerna in Greece and was ultimately killed by Heracles. Regarding 5:22, Aurum the Latin name for gold referred to Shining Dawn who was the Roman goddess Aurora. Regarding 5:33, the Latin word Argentum referred to the shiny white metal which was silver.
Again very interesting! I read that Wolfram derives from "ram" which means "soot" because the mineral easily breaks into a black powder. This mineral was a problem in tin extraction because it "ate" the ore like a wolf eats sheep. The latin word is lupi spuma = wolf's foam.
This was a great one! I knew lots of these, since they're fairly obvious, but that has always made me wonder about those that were not so obvious. Having you fill in lots of gaps in the fun way you always do was a treat.
Another chemical 'gen' word is halogen ('salt maker') which refers to the Group 7 elements of the periodic table: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine.
Aren't those all names for girls in the southern states of the USA
its group 17th, also halogens are the most electronegative elements, that's why their salts are very stable
11:51 - Miners thought that earth spirits were in the mines which would spoil the iron, but what they were really getting was another metal mixed in with the iron. That other metal was cobalt, named after the kobolds who were believed to have put it there. Cobalt is now more valuable than iron because of its use in electronics like computers. In 1997, a D&D computer game called Baldur’s Gate came out, and one of the first adventures you embark on was to investigate why the iron in some mines has become brittle. As it turned out, small creatures called kobolds had been alchemically corrupting the iron ore which came from the mine.
I’m not sure if the game developers meant to make the kobolds & bad iron connection or if it was a coincidence which turned out to be more appropriate than they knew. I do have a habit of digging into obscure meanings in creative works, and sometimes I find connections which weren’t conscious choices of the authors.
Happy to see you mentioned Argentina when talking about Silver. Thanks!
There is a lot of basalt rock in our area and it's called trap rock because of the difficulty of extracting the copper.
Quick silver meaning liquid silver is fine. It does mean that. But in older forms of English, quick had more of an sense of living, which also applied to Murcury. When at room tempts, Murcury is liquid and silvery looking, but it will pool up and move at the slightest vibration while stil trying to stay in that pooling. It looks alive in that state.
Correct.
Same in German btw, where the name of the element is "Quecksilber". The word "queck" or "quick" no longer exists in modern German, but there does exist the adjective "quicklebendig". "lebendig" means "alive" and "quicklebendig" is basically the same, only with greater emphasis.
Of course, we also have the old meaning of "quick" = "alive" in German "erquicken" and English "quicken" (as in religious talk like "he quickens my soul".)
True, hence the word “quickening” and the quick of the nail.
@@ferretyluv and also quicklime and the movie 'The Quick and the Dead'
In Finnish it is "elohopea" (living sliver). In Estonian it is "elavhõbe"
@@paulmay396 The phrase "the quick and the dead" dates back to Tyndale's English translation of the Bible in the 1500s...
Rob, mate you are bloody brilliant. More of this please. As I have lived in Athens Greece and have found Greek being a most fascinating language and for an English speaker was challenging to get a handle on. Greek words or roots of this wonderfully rich language is everywhere in other languages. Most of not all medical terms are Greek I believe.
Great video! I wouldn't mind a part 2 of this, where you explain the names of iron, tin, and lead, and not just their chemical symbols. Same for Arsenic and Sulfur, which you mentioned but did not actually talk about. Other elements I don't recall seeing are Phosphor, Silicon, and Calcium, which I think would all be interesting. Also why do the nobel gasses tend to end in -on instead of -um? So many questions still. Love the fact that Gold just means Yellow though
"on" is common for non-metals other than halogens: also Carbon, Boron and Silicon. Ramsey, who named them, used Greek words to name the noble gases, which is where the "on" came from. Helium is an exception since nobody knew it was a gas when it was discovered via the Sun's spectrum. Bismuth, arsenic and antimony were named before the convention, and nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen by another system by Lavoisier.
I just love how you switch between the elements so seamlessly
You missed the opportunity to include Arabic etymologies. I believe the K of potassium comes from the Arabic word potash: kali. Which is also from where we get alkali. Also boron comes from Arabic and the old word for nitrogen azote (still used in some languages like French).
As a chemistry student and a linguistics enthusiast, this is the perfect video. Please do all elements!
As a fellow linguistics enthusiast and chemistry student, yes we need all the elements
yes
Being a follower for a while now, seeing you as a presenter at DW was a pleasant surprise. I love all your content Rob.
A presenter at DW? Would you mind sharing more about that? I’d like to see if I can look it up.
@@shangobunni5 Example: ua-cam.com/video/a5qt5fFOJl0/v-deo.html
@@VolkerBrueggemann Vielen Dank! I was going to ask if DW was Deutsche Welle, but I assumed in your comment it must have referred to something else that was more related to languages or etymology. I love DW! Thanks again for the link. Will definitely watch!
@@shangobunni5 I stumbled upon that Rob is an anchor at Deutsche Welle's news. That explains why he mostly records from Germany. You can follow the DW channel here on UA-cam and with luck, you'll see him.
@@danielterrazas Thanks, in fact I do already follow DW (they have the best documentaries), but I had never seen Rob anchoring before. It was a treat - I’m a big fan of Ron’s work. 😊
You are the most organized and lucid moderator/educator that I have come across - Ta
10:12: Selenium get its name from the moon, and Tellurium, which is just under Selenium in the Periodic Table, from the earth. And Cerium is named after Ceres.
A different twist for a great channel! As a science teacher, I want to acknowledge how awesome is the research you put into this video!! No small task to be sure.
Fascinating! I have a background in Chemistry, but I didn't know all their etymologies. Great video!
I appreciate every minute of work you put into these videos you make. Thank you for making them and sharing the knowledge 😊
Bromine would have been worth touching on. It is the only liquid element apart from Mercury, and has several Greek and Latin naming elements. It takes its name either from a Latin name for Bacchus (Greek Dionysus) for its red-brown wine color, and/or from the Greek for "stench", similar to Osmium. The Greek word may even refer to the specific kind of stench emitted by a male goat. This was an incredibly informative & interesting video though, really appreciated the incredible amount of work that must have gone into it to make so many complex and disparate concepts so accessible!
represents the rounded form of /i/ (which is often written "ee" in english) in most scandanavian languages. And also in the International Phonetic Alphabet, which is how I remember it.
Basically just say "ee" as in "green", but round your lips like you're making an /u/ sound, like the "oo" in "goose".
If you're familiar with french, /y/ is also the "u" in "tu".
You always look so fresh in your videos, wow. Thanks for all of the great content, keep it up!
I like it that Tungsten is etymologically Swedish but we generally use wolfram still.
Also the main incandescent lightbulb brand was Osram (for Osmium + Wolfram I think) with knock-off brand Tungsram going all-wolfram. I mean tungsten.
Beryllium (Be) and Erbium (Er), when combined, create the chemical compound "Beer."
Arsenic, like nitrogen, forms aromatic 5 membered rings. For nitrogen these are called az-oles , think az from azole as per the French for Nitrogen. The Arsenic analogues take the ars- root, with the -ole suffix...
As I continue going through your back catalog of videos, I keep saying " this one is my favorite! " However, this one has to be one of my favorites just because it covers two of my favorite things, words and science.
Rob! you're amazing! You find the most fascinating topics!!!
Dephlogisticated air probably comes from the phlogiston theory which was a substance that competed with oxygen and was used to explain combustion and transfer of heat. Materials which were rich in phlogisten would release it into the air when burned. Phlogisten was essentially cold so for example an ice cube was rich in phlogisten (and therefore couldn't burn). The theory took an awkward turn when it was decide that plants absorbed phlogisten while growing. This experimental flaw eventually collapsed the theory in favour of the oxygen as an element theory.
Rob, in the (British) science industry to my understanding is that "Aluminium" is the metal whereas the salts such as aluminum oxides are.. well aluminum. Our American friends have helped us out here by reducing the words. Care to talk about the pronunciation of antimony? ANTimony or anTIMony.
Again, I thoroughly enjoy your videos!!!!
My first language is English but I was educated in French. Many of the "weird" symbols make perfect sense in French due to it's relationship to Latin! It wasn't until I was much older I noticed the incongruity. 😁
Thank you, as always, for the video!
Little correction on Wolfram though, the rām has more of the meaning of soot or crud, because it can easily be ground and was blackish, like coal soot.
The first name it got was indeed wolf cream, lupi spuma.
There was a joke during the 1950s that one particular research facility was creating so many new elements that they would appear as follows in the Periodic Table: Universitium, Ofium, Californium, Berkelium
Big up Kit Chapman.
I studied the periodic table for a year, but I never learned as much or had as much fun as I have with Rob's lesson... and not an abominable mispronunciation anywhere.
In Russian, Hydrogen and Oxygen are "Vodorod" and "Kislorod", respectively. The suffix "-rod" means "that which gives birth", "Vodo-" comes from "Voda", water. "Kislo-" comes from "Kislota" (acid), which literally means "that which is sour." So translated literally, Hydrogen in Russian is "that which gives birth to water" and Oxygen is "that which gives birth to acid (or sourness)."
The topic has bothered me for years. In German, sodium and potassium are called "Natrium" and "Kalium" like in the original Latin words and not like the English counterpart. That's why the symbols Na and K happen to fit with German names. That's why I thought the two elements had German origins at school. The element bismuth is also called "Wismut" in German. Wismut is a former East German mining company that mined uranium for the USSR. So it has nothing to do with the element "bismuth". At school I also always thought that the company was mining bismuth.
There is no original Latin name. Potassium was first extracted by Humphrey Davy in 1807 and he named it Potassium. However, ten years earlier Martin Heinrich Klaproth had found that there is some new element and he suggested "kali" as a name for it from "alkali" which is Arabic origin. However, they both come from ash. Potassium from pot ashes (potash) and alkali from plant ashes.
From Wikipedia: "Kalium (lateinisch, aus arabisch القلية, DMG al-qalya ‚Pflanzenasche‘) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol K (früher vereinzelt auch Ka) und der Ordnungszahl 19. "
@@okaro6595 Yes, something as reactive as sodium or potassium could never have been known in Roman times.
@@okaro6595 Yep! Al-qali means the ashes you get from burning saltwort, a common weed in Mediterranean beaches. This ash contains a lot of sodium and potassium carbonate and was cooked with oil to make soap. Two species of saltwort have the scientific names _Salsola soda_ and Salsola kali, names linked to "sodium" and "kalium"
We use Natrium and Kalium as well in Dutch. Though there do exist outdated names Potas and Soda,as in 'dubbel koolzure soda', that is baking soda, sodium-bicarbonaat.
Potassium actually comes from *potash* itself from old Dutch / Germanic *potaschen* which was used back in the day to extract Kalium containing salts.
Finishing with Wolf's Cream and a cream coloured dog is actually a pretty good bit of serendipity.
In the medical field, -ium is translated as "stuff". 'pericardium' : stuff around heart. Latin is just simple words that sound exotic when put together. :P
Actual translation from Greek: "peri" (anc. Greek=surrounding) + "card" (kardia/cardia=heart) + ium suffix.
Altogether pericardium = tissue/layer surrounding the heart.
Same goes for epicardium from anc. Greek. "epi" meaning on top of/nearby, myocardium from anc. Greek "mys"/"myo" referring to muscle and finally endocardium again from anc. Greek, "endo" (innermost/inside).
8:35 Ytterby is not even a small town. It’s a tiny part of a tiny island called Resarö in the archipelago of Stockholm, not bigger than a couple of blocks. I live on another tiny island in the archipelago of Stockholm, but still larger than Resarö.
Hmm... As a Physicist (Chemist) I need to admit that I learned "more" about the periodic table than ever before :) Thanks! Brilliantly done!!
One of my favorite elements is “Bromine” which gets its name from the Latin word “bromos” meaning stench.
Hydrogenated vegetable oil (or partially hydrogenated) is when you add hydrogen to vegetable oil to make a liquid oil solid and spreadable.
Mountain Dew use to add “Brominated vegetable oil” in their drink (so did other citrus based drinks, many off brands still use it). Which is when you add bromine to vegetable oil. Mountain Dew stopped using it in 2020.
Knowing Russian helped a lot with the elements with "strange" symbols. In Russian many names are still kept close to Latin like Kaliy (K) and Natriy (Na)
Note that kalium and natrium aren't Latin names -- potassium and sodium are far too reactive to have been discovered in Roman times.
@beeble2003 thanks for pointing that out. Na does come from Latin, but K comes from German/Arabic
Vanadium is actually named after Freya’s clan of gods, the Vanir.
Vanadis is the main epithet for Freya (actually Freya itself is an epithet, meaning "Lady"). A Dis is a lesser female divinity of some sort, like the ruling spirit (Rå) of a particular forest or landform, and both the Norns and the Valkyries are Disir. The title Vanadis presumably harkens back to a time when Freya and Odins wife Frigg was the same character (Frigg just means "Love," its the same "fri" as in friend, since a friend is someone who has a loving disposition towards you), and so as the lady and housekeeper of Valhalla she would be the leader of the Valkyries, hence she is the Vane who is also a Dis.
@@vde1846 Awesome! Thank you!
Brilliant! In fact all your videos are of the highest quality, educational and always highly entertaining. Love your application to your craft!
I’m french and since my mother tongue is is so close to latin, i never even wondered about a lot of these! Good examples would be silver (Ag/*A*r*g*ent) and Lead (Pb/*P*lom*b*). Awesome video nonetheless, a lot of elements’ name origins are fascinating to learn about!
I'd also like to add for the 10:22 list Cerium, named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after a Roman goddess of the same name, the goddess of agriculture), and Nihonium, named after Nihon, the endonym for Japan. I was curious about Bismuth and looked it up as it was one of the few that didn't end in -um, -gen, -on, or -ine, apparently it's just a new latin translation of German weiße Masse or wismuth meaning white mass.
While that um/ium in English (and other modern languages) does just mean 'element', my understanding is that it comes from the number of elements whose original common name was '(metal/stone/substance) from (place)', where (place) was the town or city that was the most well known source of the substance at the time. This was then rendered in Latin (that being the 'common tongue' of the scientific community), if it wasn't Latin already, resulting in a rather massive portion of the elements on the periodic table having that ending, and thus it being used by analogy for most newly discovered elements, even when they Weren't named for places.
Partially correct.
Now the convention is
-um suffix is for metals like Titanium, Kalium, Ferrum, and Semi metals like Germanium etc.
Yes, Helium is not a metal but we didn't know at the time.
-ine suffix is for Halogens - Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine etc.
-on suffix is for Noble gases - Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon, and Oganesson.
Also used in nonmetal solids like Boron, Carbon, and Silicon.
In which we find out that the names of elements really aren't always elementary, and that tungsten's symbol has maybe the most bizarre origin of the lot. It was a delight to enjoy this hopscotch journey through the table periodic!
As an English and chemistry teacher (as well as linguistics freak) I have to admit that I finally found the best video on UA-cam!
I have definitely heard of Ytterby. I am also a Nuclear Medicine Technologist and have been helping to put 90Y Silicate in joints that needed it for over 30 years.
Helium ends with "um" because the discoverers expected it to be a metal like most elements are (they didn't have a physical sample of the stuff since they discovered it by analysing sunlight). Note that all the other noble gas names end with "on".
Correct. Specifically, they analyzed the solar spectrum with a spectroscope and found spectral lines that did not match any known element so determined there was a new previously unknown element. It was some years before trace amounts of a gas with the same spectral lines were found emanating from a sample of a uranium ore, formed from radioactive decay.
Rob : You are amazing with your videos: I love them all because I love linguistics , languages , and etymology . You truly put in a lot of work preparing for each video. Perhaps you can put all what you did in a book What do you think ? I’ll be the first to buy it
I love this guy's channel. He does a great job, and he has that British style dry humor but it's very witty, it's fantastic.
The UA-cam algorithm introduced your content to me several times and it usually knows what I might be interested in so I gave it a go. I am delighted to have found a kindred curious spirit who has the knowledge and history of how languages and phrases came to be. Excellent presentations!
Funny you mentioned Boron at the end. Watching Chernobyl series, one of the main elements used to slow down the runaway reaction was boron poured over the top of the open reactor!
let's leave nuclear physics out of the Periodic Table, which is the domain of atomic physicists and, ug, chemists.
Interestingly, while you English speakers go around calling it a heavy stone in Swedish, we Swedes do not call it Tungsten, but instead Volfram.
As a side note, Boron is, in spite of its name, actually a quite interesting element.
Boron is Borium in Latin. It is easy to confuse it with Bohrium.
12:53 on the note of "hard to get", some SciFi stories and movies have invented an element with superiour qualities they called "Unobtainium".
Sometimes it isn't an element but a compound (i.e. in "The Core").
@@HalfEye79 I am not sure that the authors of "The Core" know or even care about the different between an element and a compound, seeing how utterly illogical the whole movie is from start to finish and all.
That's a trope name for a reason, in the case of Avatar it's the reason for destroying the Hometree, so it's literally a plot element.
I've always told myself that words and names carry a powerful meaning. At a young age I've got a fascination in the names and origins and meanings of the names of the elements and man do I love naming things using the origins.
Such as Aurum meaning Lustrous, so someone named Aurelius means "Golden One" or "The Lustrous One"
Another is Argentum meaning "White/Pure metal" which naming something "The Argent Sword of the King" can mean "The Silver/Pure sword of the King" and could be why accursed creatures such as Vampires and Werewolves fear Silver as it's said to be Pure, as well as how it could help preserve drinks as barrels were lined with silver to slow rot like salt.
This was such a good video! I watched it myself and then we watched it again as a family. I knew some of these but it’s so fun how you can always learn new things hiding in language. Always love seeing a new video pop up from this channel
You mentioned Hydrogen = Wasserstoff but German has three more of the early elements with names like that:
Oxygen = Sauerstoff = sour stuff which relates to acids (sauer is the ajdective to Säure, the german word for acid)
Carbon = Kohlenstoff = coal stuff
Nitrogen = Stickstoff = choking stuff (because it chokes out fires I guess).
Since you already mentioned "Wasserstoff" for Hydrogen: Oxygen is called "Sauerstoff" in German, sauer translates to sour, or... acid/acidic. An acid is called "Säure" and belongs to the same word family as sauer.
/edit: Wolfram is not quite correct. The "Wolf" part comes from the fact that when the element was discovered in the 16th century, it "ate tin like a wolf". The "ram" part comes from middle high German "rām". This word is the origin for the modern word "Rahm", but it also means "ruß" or soot. Why is this important? Well, because if you take Wolframit [(Fe,Mn)WO4] you can very easily grind it into black powder. So Tungsten is an element that eats tin and looks like your chimney after you put in damp wood.
P.S. On that note: Tungsten didn't actually describe the element back when English, French and Italian introduced that word and took it from Swedish (as described in the video), the element they were referring to was calcium tungstate and the swedes called the same element "volfram".
The 3rd element with that ending "stoff" is the Stickstoff in German. Though I can't figure out what "Stick" stands for.
@@Teri_Berk "Stick" comes from "ersticken", which translates to "suffocate", but the meaning is rather "doesn't support life" or "suffocates life".
That's why the earliest French name was "azôte", an almost direct translation of "ersticken".
The English Name Nitrogen is loaned from the French "nitrogène", taken from Latin "nitrogenium", which in turn comes from Greek "nítron", which describes a brine and was chosen after it was discovered that saltpetre/nitre and nitric acid are nitrogen compounds (which is also the reason why early names for nitrogen were "Salpeterbildner" or "saltpetre maker")
@@Ruhrpottpatriot I wouldn't really guess that "Stick" would have something to do with suffocation. The word azôte sounds like something which could be deadly. If you only change the z with t and it becomes atôte and that suddenly looks like töten which means to kill in German.
I would guess that "ersticken" has the root "stecken" which can mean "tuck in" but also "stick" and is also used as "plug in" in "einstecken". I think they might have the same origin?
@@ScheissPunk Ersticken comes from old high German irsticken, while stecken comes from old high german stecken (yes, it didn't change).
Really love your videos - thanks so much.
:) absolutely. It's nice to find others who geek out over this stuff
I am a chemist and it was Humphrey Davy (A British fellow) who coined the name Aluminum. Americans dutifully accepted this spelling. Later it was brought into line with other -ium elements by IUPAC systematic nomenclature and became Aluminium. The Americans were used to the old spelling and pronunciation and it stuck with them.
Some of these puns😂 seriously, this is up there with Hank and John as the best content on the tube. Thank you 🙏
7:40 Dude literally does a stitch impression and that made me laugh so hard