Battle of Trafalgar scene from the film A Bequest to the Nation.
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- Опубліковано 26 гру 2022
- The Battle of Trafalgar as depicted in this dramatic scene from the 1973 British historical drama film, Bequest to the Nation, brought to you courtesy of Hal Wallis Productions and Universal Pictures.
Released as The Nelson Affair in the United States, the film was Directed by James Cellan Jones and starred Glenda Jackson as Lady Hamilton, Peter Finch as Admiral Lord Nelson, Michael Jayston as Captain Hardy and Margaret Leighton as Lady Nelson.
All rights owned by Universal Pictures.
@45 years ago, when I was in the USN, my ship visited Portsmouth, UK and I toured the Victory. Man!! what a ship... remains one of my life's favorite moments :)
I live in the UK and for me as well it's the best museum visit in the country. A real sense of history walking around this ship.
@@AndysEastCoastAdventuresSixty plus years since I last visited her.
What an amazing time capsule ..
But the lower decks so cramp like and height wise so small.
She’ll still stand when we are all gone..
Nelson became immortal the day he fell.
Stay safe..
My great great great grandfather was Admiral Marlow of the Red Fleet. The journals he kept are just magical. Will donate them to Greenwich
Digitize them. I'd love to read them.
Don’t lie
No God At The Time Of Battle
@@mailenelumayas9371 what dose god have to do with this
Fair play….i bet you’re really proud, I totally would be…..👍🏾
A little bit of trivia. Whenever ever the English cricket team or individual player reaches a score of 111 it is called the Nelson. One eye One arm One life for England
Excellent bit of trivia.
@@ceciljohnrhodes4987
One eye, one arm - won Trafalgar.
. . .
England?? Why not Britain?? What about the Scots, Welsh and Irish who fought for the King and Country?
@@lg7631 whine.
@@lg7631 I am fairly sure they do not qualify to play in the English test team. And none of those countries have test cricket status anyway
What was behind Nelson’s success was those high quality guns. Britain’s early start in the Industrial Revolution resulted in cast iron guns that seldom exploded in use. This confidence in quality cast iron enabled the gunners to load with two or three shots at a time. When fired at close range this was devastating. One of best makers was the Walker company of Rotherham. Still today you can see their logo cast onto the end of the left trunnion on the guns lined up on the dockside next to HMS Victory. Also those British guns were cast to accommodate flintlock firing. This resulted in an almost instantaneous firing. The French were still using the old method of a piece of burning match on the end of a pole. This resulted in a few seconds delay, very important when firing from a ship rocking up and down. One moment pointing at the sky and then down at the water.
Nice to see someone do their homework.
Guns are useless without the men they would follow him to hell an back, of all the armed forces back then you were better off in the navy you got rum you got more meat rations per sailor plus bread an everything else less chance of dying from disease as Nelson ran a tight ship no loosie goosy, ships were kept spotless it was Nelson that brought in the regime of scrubbing the decks every day to stamp out disease. The guns were quality as were the ships to takes some real carpentry skills to make ships like that and a lot of good quality timber to.
It also helps when the men firing those cannon were constantly at sea and practicing their gunnery. The Spanish and French were brave and often valiant opponents but their ships were holed up and blockaded in port.
They never had the chance to drill their weapons with the supreme efficiency of the Royal Navy.
There is a reason the service, despite its small size now, is still the model in discipline and conduct for all others.
@@neilhayz1555 There was one exception to the lack of training and that was the French "Redoutable" whose captain had conducted a prolonged training program (although in port the cannon firing was 'dry runs' without actually firing but training the crew to work together as a team just as the Royal Navy did. He also gave his sharpshooters the opportunity to fire at targets at the range of enemy crews alongside which meant of all the ships in the combined fleet, his was the only one with a motivated and skilled crew including snipers. And which ship did Nelson's Victory end up alongside? The bloody Redoutable - that was fate!
Excellent Intel, John Willets & Very important too know those Type's of Technically better Innovations in Gunnery. Thank You. JOHN W.
One other Factor I Read was that?
English & French Ship's of the Line at that Time. We're 54 Gun's or more, & they were Three Decker's usually.
The HMS Victory Carried 105 plus Gun's in Total at that Time. Wowsers.
This actually a pretty good piece of production. No CGI was harmed in the making of this great film.
Hehehehe!
Good one, dude!
Before CGI.............. performers HAD TO ACT ! Directors HAD TO DIRECT and convince people that events, on the screen, did happen. There was a time when you went to the movies and HAD A GOOD TIME with family and friends. I have not taken my children to the movies in years: the outrageous costs and ......... "The message". We had to cancel Disney +! Why, because while watching Willow with my three children , there was a scene with two teenage girls kissing in bed.
@@gathasofpersia6432 You silly person. If the girls were kissing elsewhere would you have minded? Reactionary fool
"Sink me a model ship!"
Lord Nelson
Nelson was my Harry Potter when I was 9 years old and I first saw his bloodstained uniform in the National Maritime museum at Greenwich. 71 years later I still have his bust on my desk as I type this. What a wonderful man.
A great character and a great man!
30 years your junior and all the way over Australia he was a boyhood hero to me too!
One of history's great characters
What is often overlooked is the quality of seamanship and weather knowledge by captains and crews not only on the approach to battle, but also - and more importantly - once engaged. The skill needed to fight a ship of the line in manoeuvring, gunnery and bringing targets to bear without becoming one yourself, was incredible. It’s no wonder the senior service was better fed and looked after than the Army of the time.
Incidentally: I live ten miles from Lord Nelson’s birthplace. My gggggrandfather was baptised by Nelson’s father.
and the sailing ships of the time were the state of the art.
Nelson invented a tactic which permitted the British expertise at maneuvering and gunnery to outclass their opponents' numerical advantages.
That's grrrrrrreat! - Tony the Tiger.
The navy was a significantly more meritocratic institution than the aristocratic elitist army at the time, in the army one could purchase a commission or be a noble and become an officer immediately though later this was changed so purchased commissions and noble cadets had to go through the army academies like all others. But the army wasn't really important for Britain so this was excusable however the Royal Navy was a matter of national life or death and it needed the best. Commissions could be purchased but that would only get you to midshipman and it was required to serve in a position for a minimum length of time and serve well to be considered to be sent to academy for the next rank up incentivizing talented of any origin even commoner to rise which was impossible in the army. A combination of efficient command and particularly exceptional gallantry was the only real way to advance so it wasn't just years under the belt so war really helped careers move along and England would be in a hell of alot of those in the age of sail producing the nation's greatest renowned heroes
Yeah I sailed in small vessels. But during competitions one thing was clear.
I have the rudder.
I got no time to look at maps, check the sails.
I must be fully aware of my surroundings.
Now that was with a crew of 5.
Imagine with a crew of 105 in combat on the seas.
If I were captain then, I would give the rudder to some random guy and only give orders like they do in the movie
The drummer boy crying got to me.💔
The "star and crescent" decoration on Nelson's jacket was awarded to him by the Ottoman sultan Selim III for his victory against France at the Battle of Nile. Its "The Imperial Order of the Crescent" . It was the highest chivalric order of the Ottoman Empire in 18th c. The order had two degrees, Knight First Class and Knight Second Class. Apart from Nelson, 11 more Europeans were awarded with this order. Nelson was so proud of his award that he appended it to his name in the Articles of Capitulation with Denmark after the Battle of Copenhagen on 9 April 1801.
Very interesting
Also shown was Nelson's Turkish 'chelengk' worn on his cocked hat, awarded by the Ottoman sultan. The chelengk was a spray of diamonds rising from a circular clockwork mechanism, also studded with diamonds. When set going the circular section revolved and set the spray vibrating, producing a scintillating display.
YES NELSON HERO OF OTTOMANS AGAİNST POOR FRENCH NAPEOLON ARMİES 😆.
About 20 years ago, I visited the VICTORY in Portsmouth. Something I had wanted to see since I was a little kid. I was on the middle gun deck where the 24 pounders were located. I was on the port side, leaning on one of the guns, chatting with a retired Royal Navy CPO who was there. We were talking about the British and US Navies (I had served four years in the early to mid-eighties) and I told him I knew all of VICTORY's guns except one had been jettisoned after Trafalgar. The ones on the ship now are fiberglass replicas. I asked the Chief what had happened to the one gun left from the battle. He snickered a little and said "Yer leanin' on it, mate!" I thumped it, and sure enough, it was iron. I said that it would look great in my living room. Cool memory!
I don't think any of the guns present at the battle remained with victory.
@@lutzderlurch7877 One 24 pounder, about the middle of the port side.
The reason why most of the guns aren’t real is because a wooden ship of the line isn’t structurally strong enough to support them when it’s out of the water.
@@jeremypnet Not just because it is out of the water. Even when in the water, they combined weight put such a huge strain on everything, that ships that were paid off, i.e. taken out of active service, or even just temporarily mothballed during winter were stripped of their guns.
This happened to pretty much all ships multiple times during their carreers and guns were not individually tracked in inventory.
So the chances of one of the guns from trafalgar being on a certain ship again after it was paid off and reentered service once were slim, let alone after several rounds of that.
And there is no knowing which guns were at trafalgar, either.
@@davidstevens6117 I'd like to see their provenance for that being a gun onboard Victory during trafalgar
I thought the action pretty good.
The actors were great to watch.
The comments & replies are going to be very entertaining.
Thank you to the people that bring out little bits of True Historic information and share them. I am 71 years old and can not tell you how much pure pleasure it gives me to find the "truth" about how things really were and the meaning behind certain traditions. I started reading books at the age of 10.
I'd sit in libraries everywhere and spend hours & days looking through books.
When Star Trek came out in the early 60s,
I Wanted use a Tricorder & I wanted to be able to talk to that Computer!!!
Now, I can lay here in bed and surf through history at my finger tips.
I can get feedback & information on everything from other humans across the entire planet. What a miracle.
My GOD you are just watching this now? I saw the movie many times .. thought I might revisit . New Years Eve syndrome?
we have learned to be in many places at once, have we not, My Friend?
What action? It looks like they're doing some stuff on a theater stage.
That Was a hell of a lot of movie in 12 minutes.
the war room, the anatomy of a Warship and a full on naval battle, and a assination.
The death of someone in the course of a battle is NOT an "assassination." High-ranking officers DO get shot occasionally during an exchange of fire. You might as well call the arrow in King Harold's eye (if the story is true) at the Battle of Hastings an assassination.
That look of glee on the Master Gunner's face when Captain Hardy orders him: "Sink me a ship Master Gunner!" That would be me...
Well the British had been under constant fire for an hour before they were able to bring their own guns to bare, so you can imagine him excitement at being able to give the French some of their own medicine lol
That’s an almost-quote from Tennyson’s ‘Revenge’ “Sink me the ship master gunner! Sink her - Split her in twain! Fall into the hands of God and not into the hands of Spain.”
I have never before seen this clip but by
god what a scene, three cheers for Lord Nelson from your cousin from across the pond
thought you treacherous colonials would be cheering on the French in this :)
He was a murderer.
This and Waterloo are 2 of My Favorite Historical Movies of All Time!
2 outrageous movies !
There was a time before our time, It will not come again, When the best ships still were wooden ships. But the men were iron men.
"England expects that every man will do his duty"
Admiral Horatio Nelson
That master gunnery officer is cool 6:03
I remember watching a documentary on Nelson, whose only complaint about the fully awake amputation of his right arm was how cold the instruments felt as they cut. He ordered all instruments be pre-warmed before operations.
That Battle of Trafalgar must've been terrifying! I'm just glad no one got hurt.
Couldn't fight like that today. Nobody was wearing hi-vis jackets or safety hats. Did anybody do a risk assessment?
See…you don’t need expensive computer graphics to produce a great battle scene. Thank you.
The decorative jewel that Nelson is wearing in his hat is called a Chelengk, it was presented to Nelson by the Sultan Selim III of Turkey after the Battle of the Nile in 1798, the jewel was stolen from the National Maritime Museum in 1951 and has never been seen since.
Sad.
I guess that is where Patrick O'Brian got the idea for the Chelengk that was awarded to Jack Aubrey in one of his Aubrey/Maturin novels and that was subsequently stolen by an enemy spy in Aubrey's employ.
@@sandormccann2546 but surely, when the spy was eaten by a shark, they found the jewel in the spy's quarters...
@@netowl3922 That's correct. Still the name of the jewellery and its theft shows some similarity. Mr. O'Brian gathered most of his inspiration for his stories from real life, adapting true incidents to fit into his narratives. He was a tremendous researcher as you probably know.
Also The "star and crescent" decoration on Nelson's jacket was awarded to him by the Ottoman sultan Selim III for his victory against France at the Battle of Nile. Its "The Imperial Order of the Crescent" . It was the highest chivalric order of the Ottoman Empire in 18th c. The order had two degrees, Knight First Class and Knight Second Class. Apart from Nelson, 11 more Europeans were awarded with this order. Nelson was so proud of his award that he appended it to his name in the Articles of Capitulation with Denmark after the Battle of Copenhagen on 9 April 1801.
I like the addition of the Royal Marines Band. This film looks pretty good 👍
No mere entertainment. This was part of Military discipline in those days to inspire, provide moral support
@Stuart Peacock of course, I wouldn't have thought that in the heat of one of the most celebrated naval battles in history, the band of the Royal Marines was there to entertain but keep up moral besides it's a fife and drum corps.
Lord Nelson drilled and worked up his ships for weeks outside of Cadiz. The enemy however trained in the taverns and brothels of Cadiz.
The result was a two to one shot rate and greater seamanship.
well not suprising considering the fact that the french navy didn't have any competant officer after the revolution, they all either fled france or were killed in the terror
More like three to one, and for some of the British ships five to one. And that at the beginning of the action, both sides would’ve fallen off but the French and Spanish would’ve fallen off much more dramatically.
God save Royal Navy. Greetings from Brazil.
You've forgotten the king. 😉
😂
My very first model ship was HMS Victory. I so badly wanted to be in the Royal Navy, but my poor eyes let me down. Never mind, I collected so much stuff, notably 1000 years of Naval history from the Vikings to present day.
I've only just seen this and I've got Royal Navy family history and straight away some brilliant comments!
Peter Finch is portraying Nelson and unlike what is shown, Nelson never wore an eyepatch. He did have an eyeshade sewn into the front of his hat to try and protect his one good eye from the sun’s glare off of the water. Finch later went on to win an Academy Award for his role in ‘Network’ which was awarded posthumously.
Turn back the clock and if Nelson wasn't such a cool character, Peter Finch could have shouted to the crew, "I'm mad as hell and I'm not going to take it anymore!" and it would have been iconically attributed to this film.
Brace. Did you see the Olivier portrayal of Nelson? He wore a patch as Nelson in "That Hamilton Woman."
It's a beautiful film.
@Terminus Est I certainly agree, although there can be no question of Finch’s acting talent he was too old for the part of a 47 year old Nelson. Around 1980, Keith Colley portrayed the admiral in the 4 part series “I Remember Nelson.” In my opinion he was superb. I believe it’s available on UA-cam and I recommend it to you. I’ve watched it several times.
@@TheSaltydog07 I’ve seen “That Hamilton Woman” several times over the years. Again, Nelson is portrayed as wearing an eye patch which he never did. Although his eye was sightless it nevertheless looked normal and there was absolutely no need to wear any covering over it. Nelson sat for many portraits during his lifetime and never is he shown wearing an eyepatch. I really have never determined why this bit of fiction ever got started.
@Terminus Est Dynamic is a perfect way of describing his lordship. He was revered by officers and crew alike. His death at the moment of his greatest victory was one of tragedies of history. His final words before he died “Thank God I have done my duty.” His body, preserved in a cask of spirits was brought back to England and in January of 1806 he was given a hero’s state funeral. His body lies today in an ornate sarcophagus crowned by a coronet in the crypt beneath the great dome of St. Paul’s cathedral. I have visited it several times. His noble spirit and love of country never forgotten.
Really enjoyed the accuracy in this. From the dismantling of the admirals cabin to make room for the guns, nelson requesting that they hide his uniform to stop morale falling, powder monkeys running around and seeing midshipmen in their early teens.
As a bit of a film buff I cannot believe I’ve never seen this film and Peter Finch plays Nelson! Ordering online the DVD pronto!
Full version is on UA-cam fyi mate
You’re in for a surprise, cheapest I saw it was $AUD40 to $AUD 87 plus postage, I checked both Amazon and ebay
You can watch the whole film here: fmovies.llc/movie/bequest-to-the-nation-fmovies-87226
Back in the day when men were men I was in the United States Marine Corps and for every USMC birthday celebration mess night we would all call to order "Shed a tear for Lord Nelson Sir!" which meant we would pause festivities and all honor the late and great Admiral Horatio by all of us taking a pee in the head... It was a long pee too because we drank and partied hard in those old days. Bless you sweet sweet prince... Now back to drinking chasing women and singing songs!
The uniform shown here for Lord Viscount Nelson is very much accurate to that shown in the actual uniform on display at Greenwich. Except of course for the bullet hole...
"No captain can do very wrong if he places his ship alongside that of the enemy". Horatio Nelson.
This is a great production, the one small nit pick is the fact that the French marksman who shot Nelson wasn’t in the rigging he was in the fighting top platform which is halfway up the mast.
Kien carajo sabe donde estaba. Cientos de hombres disparando. Trozos de madera callendo. Humo. Ni se sabe kien fue. El resto fantasi
I've yet to see a sea movie that looks like it is filmed at sea. That deck is as level as a billiard table.
If I remember correctly, the French marines at Trafalgar (one of whom shot Nelson) were later incorporated into the French 2nd Light Infantry Regiment (2e Regiment d'Infanterie Legere) which ten years later fought at Waterloo, being involved in the attack on the Chateau of Hougoumont.
I'd never even heard of this movie before. These scenes are very good
I'm pretty sure the guy at 1:04 is Benny Hill preparing one of his own famous jokes.
This is one of the best sea battle scenes I've watched and I've seen plenty. Forget the impressive cast, I can't believe this picture was made by an American production company and distributed by an American studio. The details! The bits of "business" incorporated in each role! The accuracy! THE KIDS!
It made me wonder if the history of the US Navy includes but omits references to boy sailors/drummers.
Ye Olde Gunner, grateful for your bringing this underrated, underappreciated picture in the USA to my attention.
This explains the major mistake of having Nelson wearing an eye patch.
@@Pumpherstonsmith Aye, matey!
It may be accurate in some aspects, but not in the form of Nelson. they picked a bloke built like a brick shit house, when Nelson was quite small and very slight.
Finch said later: We all say we're going to quit occasionally. I'd like to have been more adventurous in my career. But it's a fascinating and not ignoble profession. No one lives more lives than the actor. Movie making is like geometry and I hated maths. But this kind of jigsaw I relish. When I played Lord Nelson I worked the poop deck in his uniform. I got extraordinary shivers. Sometimes I felt like I was staring at my own coffin. I touched that character. There lies the madness. You can't fake it.
You were at Trefalgar, sir?
Yes.
And what was your position, gunner's mate, Royal Marine?
I played the piccolo. My station was right next to the seven-year-old playing drums.
As an historian I must say I am quite pleased to say that was quite accurate, costuming, sets and everything.
Well Spanish are missing on that video but ok
The cannon, known as carronades , were produced in Carron Iron works near Falkirk.
It's hard to believe that anyone could live through one of these engagements
Hope one day they make more movies of this battle , there so much few media about this era.
The bravery and steadfastness of men on both sides in the service of their countries. The folly of war and the unquestioning adherence to flawed political leaders. Great production for its day.
the approach took so long as there was very little wind. the whole french/spanish fleet was in line and firing broadsides at the 2 slowly approaching british columns let by nelson and collingwood. getting shot up, but unable to return fire ( ships of the line have no forward facing cannons ). HMS Victory finally cut through the enemy line between Villeneuve's flagship Bucentaure and Redoutable giving nelson the ability to simultaneously fire every cannon on her left side into one ship and every cannon on her right into the second. devastating ! she came close to Bucentaure, firing a raking broadside through Bucentaure's stern which killed and wounded many on her gundecks.
Actually the two huge 68pdr carronades on Victory had dual positions so they could fire forward if required. I don't think they were employed during the approach though as the raking shot was far more effective as you said, I think the first 68pdr through Bucentaure's stern killed over fifty of her crew in one go!
The maneuver was called "crossing the t" and the rest of the fleet followed after, shooting up the French and Spanish fleets that had no counter-maneuver for this brilliant stroke of genius.
@@plymouth5714
Carronades were virtually useless at anything over point blank range.
Raked
@@markrhodes1717 Part of "The Nelson touch" was the decision to sail divisions to "cut the line" (of the enemy), not parallel to it. The French were actually crossing the T's of the British, but Nelson and Collingwood accepted the initial disadvantage in order to bring on a pell mell battle that would lead to a result. Nelson knew his crews were better and his ships could hit harder and accepted the risk. The two divisions ganged up on the back end of the French-Spanish fleet then overwhelmed other portions before the storm. It was a smashing victory.
There's a great book on Trafalgar by Roy Adkins, it reads like a thriller. it gives a real sense of the excitement of the British fleet that after many boring, difficult months at sea blockading the French fleet, finally the chase was culminating, with the prospect of the bounty of prize money. The opposite for the combined French Spanish fleet, they went into the battle with a sense of dread. A truly horrendous experience for both sides.
I read they were at sea for neqrly three years blockading trafalgar.
Duriinh thay time Nelson went ashore once
@@huepix Why would they blockade Trafalgar, as it is not a port? The Franco-Spanish fleet was in Cadiz. Also Nelson returned to England in early August 1805, and sailed for Cadiz on September 14th. The battle was fought on October 21st, so Nelson had been continuously at see for only 37 days.
I agree, Adkins' book is excellent, I recommend it.
@@stvdagger8074 blockading the French fleet would be more accurate. Even so, at one point, the French escaped from Toulon and sailed for the Caribbean where they were to rendezvous with another force. That force was then meant to sail back to break the blockade of Brest but it was engaged by a British force under Calder and that spooked the French admiral who ultimately fled for Cadiz. At was at this time, Nelson went home after being at sea for nearly two years.
In hindsight, Calder’s action (the Royal Navy thought it was so pathetic they didn’t even call it a battle, and Calder got much criticism for his command) was decisive because when Villeneuve’s fleet failed to arrive in Brest, Napoleon gave up his immediate plans to invade Britain and deployed the invasion force elsewhere.
Thanks for the reading suggestion. I love to read about this era of history.
I was able to see the Victory in Portsmouth wow what a massive ship !
We need a updated movie of the battle of Trafalgar!!
Amazing people could lipread so well back then.
A ship of the line of that era must have been the most awesome engine of destruction imaginable to the people of that time. Pretty impressive still.
Indeed. Did you know that one ship could have more cannons on board then Wellington had at Waterloo?
Victory was not a new ship at Trafalgar but she and her ilk were the then-tech equivalent of the Space Shuttle in our day.
He sacrificed his own ship, and life and was rewarder with an overwhelming and crushing victory, please make a novie about this legend of a man
What was behind Nelson's victory was good old anglo-saxon grit,
Never seen this film before. It looks great.
You can see the film here: fmovies.llc/movie/bequest-to-the-nation-fmovies-87226
@@yeoldegunner785 Happy New Year + 50th Anniversary (1973-2023)
Plenty of accurate detail and authentic dialogue, with an excellent cast; it captures the sights and sounds above and below deck very well even if somewhat sanitised and contrived here and there for effect. Just a pity it was concentrated within the confines of the ship, rather than mixing it with some panoramic wide angle distance shots of the ships as they manoeuvred and engaged each other, which would have made more sense of what was happening on board. The order of battle was a perfect blend of naval warfare genius and pure courage by Nelson, leading from the front at the head of one of the two columns to break up the enemy fleet while presenting only his bow to the enemy but still taking the brunt of the fire, then turning amongst them to deliver the broadside. A perfect display of experience, imagination, discipline and courage that won the day. The Victory inevitably suffered huge damage and was rescued by the Fighting Temeraire as the battle passed its climax. They wrapped Nelson’s body and placed it in a butt of brandy wine to preserve it for the homeward trip. The coat he wore is on display at the Royal Museum Greenwich, and on a sobering note, a bullet hole can be seen under the left epaulette where the bullet entered through his shoulder and traversed through his body into his spine. It must have passed through his lungs because he is reported to have complained of the blood rising in his chest while he was dying. The projectile was also preserved and is on display mounted in a gold case. It is described as a lead shot or musket ball which is very unfortunate for Nelson as the smoothbore musket was notoriously inaccurate.
The Victory was sailing through the French/Spanish at right angles (a tactic devised by Admiral Hood) so it was firing doing the length of the ships, not broadsides, until later on. One amusing incident was when one of the British ships assumed the French had struck their colours. The British boarded and found out it was a mistake, apologised and returned to their ship.
The brilliance of "Nelson's touch" strategy was to spilt the Franco-Spanish fleet in three and engage and overwhelm the windward Centre and Rear squadrons, he anticipated that the opposing Van squadron on the lee would fail to come about in time to affect the outcome of the centre battle. He was right and by the time the Combined fleet Van realized that they should have come about earlier, the battle in the centre was lost to them.
Sobre todo cuando luchas contra campesinos. Pastores. Y borrachos de las calles de Cádiz. Que no habían subido a un barco en su vida. Reclutados a la fuerza. Nelson lo sabía.los marineros ingleses podían hacer girar el barco en 12m.los Franco españoles necesitaban 25m.hobligados a subir a los palos a golpes por los contramaestres. Sólo a un francés se le ocurre tal locura. Antes del combate los barcos Franco españoles davan asco de tanto vómito 🤮.
Nelson was also only 5’4”, Hardy was 6’4”. I’ve also wondered about the dopey Marine with a loaded musket allowing a kid to just grab his musket and despatch the dastardly French assassin with such deadly accuracy at such a range. I’ve always been amazed that no studio has ever really attempted a serious well funded epic about Trafalgar. Most movies close to the subject, Trafalgar is just an aside to what is happening (ie Damn the Defiant, That Hamilton Woman)
Apparently it was a Midshipman John Pollard that brought down the offending sharp-shooter. I was not aware that midshipmen were armed with muskets, so perhaps he borrowed one from a Marine. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pollard_(Royal_Navy_officer)
Many "kids" back then were midshipmen training to be officers. Rich parents paid for them to have the privilege. The kid probably had the authority to take the weapon.
@@yeoldegunner785 I checked out your link. What a a load of crap this cancel culture, woke B.S.is.
Pollard was 18 - slightly old for a midshipman, certainly for one with talent but, maybe, he had no influential patrons. Not a 'kid' in an age when midshipmen could start at age 12 or 13, like Nelson did. It was a non-commissioned position; a heavy-duty apprenticeship training for officers. Nelson became lieutenant age 18 (he was brilliant and he had very helpful patrons). My father, like milllions of others, was in officer training for WW2 at 19 and it would have been 18 if war declared earlier.
On Nelson supporting slavery. Not a good call. The abolitionist movement had been going for some time by then in Britain so it was not just a case of accepting the status quo. However, the entire British Navy depended on the press gang to kidnap people to be sailors with death penalty or severe flogging for the slightest step out of line. In effect, almost all sailors were enslaved. Like Winston Churchill in WW2, despite his loathsome attitudes to India, Welsh miners, etc, Nelson was a great man at a particular time. But very great men also often have deep flaws that make them pretty nasty and downright wrong in other aspects of life.
Any shot from mast to mast would have required luck, given the movement of the platform and target and lack of accuracy of the weapon. Almost all films are wrong about accuracy of guns in action
It would be massively expensive and wouldnt appeal to an American audience (half the sodding box office).
A not too bad depiction of a naval battle from the age of sail shot on a sound stage, with the usual errors and license typical of Hollywood. Broadsides were not fired by all guns simultaneously as it put too much strain on the hull. The guns were fired sequentially from one end of the ship to the other. It took 2-4 minutes to reload, so guns were not fired as rapidly as depicted in films. Naval battles took hours, Trafalgar more than five. Nelson was killed by a musketeer already stationed in the rigging. It was the practice of the captain of the Redoubtable to station musketeers in the rigging before battle. I recall reading somewhere that he had them trained to try and pick off the officers on the ships he engaged. On the plus side, they accurately show here how many young boys served on naval vessels. It was very common. Nelson himself, was a few months short of thirteen when he began naval service. The powder monkeys depicted typically started out at around age 12. They were not actually seamen, but civilians. They moved powder from the magazines to the guns, and this job was given to young boys because they could work and move fast in very confined spaces. I have seen Nelson's uniform in the National Maritime Museum in London. Seeing it in person impresses one with what a diminutive person he was (only 5' 4"). The bullet hole is plainly visible in the coat.
Well put, incidentally it was called a "fighting top" and it was common practice to place musketeers up there, often even a small swivel gun or two.
@@yeoldegunner785 but not without risk. The muskets would sometimes set the rigging on fire.
The blood you can see on Nelson’s coat is not his his own. While the Victory was still approaching the French fleet, Nelson’s secretary was cut in half by a cannon ball and when Nelson was shot he fell into the secretary’s blood.
@@jeremypnet Can you imagine how gruesome that must've been.
Good old times!
Trafalgar vs. Waterloo. Waterloo was the last nail in Napolean's coffin but Trafalgar further cemented Britian's grip on the seas for another century.
La armada de los 1000 años... el sueño de todo imperio...
@@raccx2614 hombre, mil lo que se dice mil....
@@guyweisz7811 ya que has contado los años... cuantos son... eso es lo que a mi me habían enseñado.. pero tu sabes que quien cuenta la hostoria se exalta a si mismo...
Peter Finch was too large to play Nelson. He was a tiny man but incredibly dynamic and a tremendous leader. Grudging respect from a Scotsman.
Why would you have grudging respect as a Scotsman?
If you knew your own history, you would know that many Scots served in the Royal Navy and fought at Trafalgar, and you would be familiar with the exploits of Admiral Thomas Cochrane from Culross in Fife who was such a daring captain that Napoleon called him the Sea Wolf.
Shawn Bean is scrawny enough to play Nelson, although a bit too tall. Yes, Pete Finch is TOO big. Yes, he should be a little man with a big ego and big personality. Bean was not big enough, of course, to play Sharpe, but no one seemed to care much.
@@willyspinney1959 Grudging respect because, as a Scotsman, I understand that Scotland is a subjugated colony of England, as was recently proven by the supreme court decision that Scotland does not have a democratic means of determining if it can leave the union and that Nelson was therefore a servant of the union and an enemy of Scotland.
I am well aware of Thomas Cochrane, I have his biography on my bookshelf and he is the basis for the character of Lucky Jack Aubrey in the canon of books known as the Aubrey/Maturin novels by Patrick O'Brian.
Those Scots who were part of the British forces of the last three hundred years were often given no choice but to take the king's, (or queen's), shilling and do service to earn a crust. Of course, we have had three hundred years of pro-union propaganda and anti Scotland brainwashing to convince us that we are an equal, voluntary partner in a fair and equal union. That fiction is now rapidly unravelling as the subjugation and robbing of Scotland is becoming more and more apparent to the majority of Scots with every passing day.
Saor Alba gu brath!
@@sandormccann2546 Speaking as a complete outsider, but descended from English sires, I disagree with your assessment of Scotland. Your flag (yes, yours) is the "Union Jack", which boasts both the cross of St. George and St. Andrew; you are united, not subjugated. You are a brother of England, not its slave, in the same family. Without England, both of you would be weaker and less respected, more like Belgium (or even Luxembourg) then the United Kingdom. Did not Scotland recently vote on independence, and they turned it down?
@@davidfinch7407 Sorry, with all due respect, that is utter bollocks. No, we did not vote recently on independence, that was EIGHT YEARS AGO and a great deal has changed in the interim.
That no vote was secured by lying politicians who threatened and frightened elderly Scots into voting 'no' by telling them that they would lose their pensions and that they would be forced out of the EU if they voted for independence. They made a series of promises , NOT ONE OF WHICH HAS BEEN HONOURED! Project fear worked perfectly to secure the continuation of the union.
Now that the majority of Scots see the damage that Wastemonster rule has caused and is still causing to the UK economy, they want out of the 'voluntary' union ASAP before our nation is reduced to penury.
The British Establishment has rigged matters to such a degree that there is now no legal and democratic means for the Scots to obtain independence. Self determination for a nation state is a fundamental part of the UN charter. Thus the British Establishment has denied the Scots a human right and we will obtain our freedom despite the worst efforts of the British Nationalists to stop us.
PS. The union was formed AGAINST the express wishes of the Scottish people, who rioted and protested vehemently the length and breadth of the nation when we were sold down the river by our greedy, bankrupt aristocrats who were bought and sold for English gold.
www.poetryverse.com/robert-burns-poems/such-parcel-rogues-nation
This movie clip was good old fashion quality without modern computer enhancements.
Films like this should be passed on to today's generation.
No CGI... amazing!
Amazed I've never managed to see this film. Excellent production choice to feature accurately portrayed detail over spectacle (not sure about the snotty grabbing the musket, though, but it makes for good cinema).
I worked with Mike Jayston in the early 80s, and sank a few pints with him, too. A really smashing bloke, and a nicer one, you'd struggle to find.
I'll never forget explaining this battle to my wife IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE.
Nelson established the strategy that remains at the heart of both Royal and US Navies: 'The job of a naval commander is to seek out the enemy and destroy him. ' Both Navies have shown that woe betide the enemy who forgets that.
_the strategy that remains at the heart of both Royal and US Navies: 'The job of a naval commander is to seek out the enemy and destroy him. '_
Just out of curiousity, what is the job of a naval commander in other navies? (maybe "dodge the enemy and try to keep it safe and alive if you barge into it"?) :)
@@krips22 no idea.
The clearing for action was well-shown, here. A 3-deck, 100-gun Ship-of-the-Line could take up to half-an-hour to clear for action.
Every obstruction to working the guns had to be struck and stowed.
RE: Boys on-board a combat vessel. The greatest number of ship's boys were "powder monkeys." Their sole job was to supply the gun with powder cartridges, running between the magazine and the gun decks. Midshipmen (distinguishable by the white patches on their collar) were rated as Warrant Officers, and considered as Officers-in-training, and Yes they started young! There were other boys on board, serving as officers' staff, cooks' mates and so on, learning to be seamen.
"Seventeen!?! You must start at twelve if you wish to be a seaman!" Chapter 1, Mister Midshipman Hornblower.
In one account I’ve read of Trafalgar, when prepare for action was called, clearing the decks included dismantling the Admirals and the Captains cabins of furniture and personal effects, which would be put into a boat towed behind the ship. It also included throwing anything considered unnecessary overboard, including livestock! On one ship there is a story of a dog dropped over the side that somehow landed on a ledge on the side of the ship and stayed there throughout the battle. It apparently survived the battle, a bit shaken but uninjured. Yes, it sounds a bit dodgy but a nice story if true. Another thing that astounded me when I toured the Victory, the deeper you go in the ship, the less headroom. I’m 6’6”. By the time I got to the deck where Nelson actually died, I was just about bent in half and it was quite dark, it must have been hell on earth down there.
@@marklivingstone3710 Yes, Clear for Action meant EVERYthing!
The Dog Story -- hadn't heard that one.
The surgeon would set up his sick-bay on a deck below the water-line, so to protect the wounded...and Him, as he worked. Little light, and NO ventilation - yeah, it was Hellish.
Check out onLine--I saw a deck-plan for VICTORY a few weeks ago; it'll confirm what you felt.
Nelson was blind in one eye, but did not wear an eyepatch - a bit of attention to historical details are needed. It's a cruel world.
One needs to consider just how that would be portrayed comfortably for the actor and so that the audience recognized and understood. Film cannot always portray every detail with microscopic accuracy. Would such detail enhance the film?
@@walfredswanson well normally i suppose not.however nelson was famous for his unpatched eye.he would when it suited him put his telescope to his blind eye and say i see no ships etc when ordering a risky attack.his lack of patch added a saying turning a blind eye to the english language so he was famous for not wearing one.rooster cogburn suffered no harm through three movies and a tv film by wearing an eyepatch even though in the novel he hasnt got one.
One of the best and most intense sea battle scenes Ihave seen on film.
Never seen or knowingly heard of this film, will be checking it out definitely!
Those guys (the sailors represented I the movie) really had balls of iron! They put their vessels in the very line of danger and death and fought to the death. Each man knew his station (and those around him) and served as if his very life depended on it (which it most certainly did.) The only question I have is .... how did the Royal Marines keep their uniforms so clean and crisp? I mean their white trousers were spotless and clean. Wow!
Es una peli
Si verdaderamente todos conocían su puesto. No así en las otras 2armadas.. Que el 75%nunca piso un barco y ni sabían que hacer.
They were royal marines nuff said !! (:0)
As the song says, "Heart of oak are our ships, jolly tars are our men..."
I remember seeing this as a kid and laughing out loud at the corniness of the kid shooting Nelson's assassin. Oh brother.
The sharpshooter was, in fact, shot by a midshipman, one John Pollard, though he was 18 at the time, so not as young as he was portrayed in the film.
BEQUEST TO THE NATION WHAT A GREAT NAVY FILM 🎥 IN HISTORY AND TIME WOW!!!! GREAT ACTION AND GREAT ACTORS TOO !!! LOVED IT ❤️❤️❤️❤️💯💯💯💯 !!
Well done! Trafalgar spelled the doom of the combined French and Spanish navies. It was said after Trafalgar that a single British frigate could defeat any warship from any navy, no matter how many guns. That legend was ended when the Royal Navy took on the tiny U.S. navy with all of 6 super sized frigates and took out 3 British frigates in good order in 1814. As H.M.S. Victory remains alive, so too does the U.S.S. Constitution, one of those frigates. Still the British "tars" were tough as nails.
Though it would have been incredible difficult to film, and especially at the time when CGI just wasn't available like in its modern day proportions, Victory actually headed perpendicular to the Spanish and French line and cut straight through it. That is what I assume Nelson in this film meant by 'some time before we can open fire, shall we continue our walk?' to Captain Hardy. The Spanish and French line had been able to fire on the British lines without any retaliation, as the British could not fire from the front (unless using bow chasers which would have been very useless at this range). The British fleet was split up into two lines of action, the northerly one led by Nelson in HMS Victory, and the Southerly one led by Vice-Admiral Collingwood in HMS Royal Sovereign. Victory made first contact by sailing straight behind Le Bucentaure, the French flagship under Captain Jean-Jacques Magendie and Admiral Villeneuve. Victory fired a devastating broadside into the stern of Bucentaure, the area of the ship with the least protection, sending cannonballs flying through the length of the ship, destroying and killing all in their paths. 197 were killed in the first broadside including the Captain, but not the admiral. The Film shows a good representation of naval gunnery of the period, the chaos, the destruction...
I am currently writing by University dissertation on the subject of Trafalgar and Nelson's death, and its lovely to see a film that keeps the script relatively accurate to real life. The absolute horror to have seen your own admiral, someone these sailors absolutely admired, being shot dead in front of you would have been awful. Nelson was immediately quite pessimistic/realistic about his death, saying 'No, my back is shot through'. It is true, they covered Nelson's body before they took him off the Quarter-deck of Victory to hide who was killed from the sailors to not risk a reduction in morale for the remainder of the battle. Nelson in fact took three hours to die once he was brought down below, and asked for Captain Hardy on several occasions. Though he was an admired figure amongst the Entirety of Great Britain and even abroad, he was happy to die, some saying he even knew he would die before the battle. He lived to serve his country, and in securing the victory of this battle, that is exactly what he did. British naval dominance was not really challenged to an extent for the next century and any possibility for Napoleon to invade Britain was now entirely crushed. Nelson was content with his death and his duty had been fulfilled.
Well said, and all the best with your dissertation.
How do they come to the figure of 197 killed in first broadside. My be primary source reference of the time, but who counted in that chaos? Was only 1 broadside fired so all casualties attributed to this? Or did it just make a good story for either side after the Battle?
@@nellyprice An exact figure is obviously conjecture, personally I have never seen any exact numbers given before. What I have seen is the suggestion that the Bucentaure suffered 50% casualties (killed and wounded) in that first raking broadside from the Victory. Again, this is certainly speculation and impossible to gauge especially considering that the Bucentaure was raked by the next three British ships in Nelson's column. Even though she was the first ship to strike her colours, its actually a wonder that she lasted so long.
@@yeoldegunner785 yes it's become a pet hate how historical battles are commented on. Adds interest certainly, but is inaccurate, invented, or at worst deliberately misleading. Most anecdotes when under the slightest scrutiny become dubious in their authenticity, battle total chaos with tunnel vision focussing of attention. Why commentators have obsession for the number of kills in single blast volley etc is not good. Still guess working for Harry too
@@nellyprice As Yeold says, it is impossible to identify the exact number of those killed or wounded, especially in the first broadside, unless French reports have themselves identified this in medical records of the battle. This is just a figure I read from a scholarly article a few months prior to writing this (so do forgive me for being so unspecific) - I think exact numbers must come from a various mix of primary accounts written by sailors from the French side. Though I am sure the figure I referenced is highly unlikely to be the 100% accurate figure, it cannot have appeared out of thin air as a guess! All scholars will make their references to reliable historical material, otherwise it simply cannot be published... I think completely ignoring these (though most probably estimates) figures from texts does damage though, Nelly. Though I understand and share your annoyance. I suppose we do equally have to remember how much damage a first rate ship of the line could inflict in a single broadside... I think all the comments and questions here in this thread though have provided a fab insight and are of great contextual importance!
Admirál Nelson skvělí stratég, námořník a legenda Britského královského námořnictva! Čest jeho památce!
Very authistic movie scene. Super.
This movie is Nonsensical - Nelson's squadron charged the French line, receiving cannon on approach but one he crossed the T the HMS Victory opened fire at French before turning to line up with the French on the other side - so their initial action was NOT trading broadsides, as depicted here, but receiving heavy fire, before shooting at the Front and Rear of two French Ships.
This Nelson is about 2 feet taller than the real one, also when he was shot he collapsed immediately due to a broken spine not the prolonged dramatic fall to the deck pictured here. Apart from that, pretty damn good.
According to Capt. Hardy who observed Nelson almost immediately after he was shot, the admiral fell but supported himself briefly using the fingers of his left hand before finally collapsing to the deck and into the blood of his secretary who had been hit by a round shot earlier and practically cut in two before being thrown overboard. "They have done for me at last Hardy." "Oh sir, I hope not". "Yes, by backbone has been shot through."
@@Brace67 Lots of us knowledgeable nerds her. Very pleasing to read the comments.
Is that supposed to be Nelson and Hardy walking together at the start of the clip?
You're right, there should be a 24 inch difference!
At which point somebody with greater knowledge will tell me, "No, the difference was only 21 inches" or whatever.
An ancestor of mine served under nelson, he escaped from french captivity in Genoa after being taken prisoner there while his ship was in port during the peace of 1812. He escaped on a Danish merchant ship after the terms of his parole had lapsed and rejoined with Nelson, debriefing him on the Victory with information he had learned whilst in Genoa on the movement of French shipments of gunpowder. Nelson granted him his first command, a captured French 12-gun Schooner names Renard which was renamed as HMS Crafty.
Very cool, thanks for sharing
At first I thought wow, they didn't shy away from showing blood in the 1950s. Turns out this film is from 1973.
The way it is shot, I could have sworn it was much older.
A fact not mentioned here: There were Americans on board Nelson's ships, thanks to the British practice of impressment. The Royal Navy had the practice of stopping American merchant vessels at sea and basically kidnapping crew members to fill manpower shortages, an issue which led to the War of 1812.
and the crewmen they impressed were British seamen. As for the War of 1812: Madison was looking for an excuse to try and conquer Canada (or British North America as it was know at the time). ""I believe that in four weeks from the time a declaration of war is heard on our frontier, the whole of Upper Canada and a part of Lower Canada will be in our power."" Well he was wrong wasn't he! I wonder how much the white paint to cover over the burn marks on the Presidential Mansion (now the White House) cost?
@@geoffboxell9301 Good thing he didn't succeed. We'd all be drinking that polar bear piss they call beer and ending our sentences with "eh."
@@michaelwalter3399 You mean Canadian beer is worse than American beer? Surely not: never tried it myself, but the American stuff I have had was dier.
“I’m mad as hell and I’m not going to take it anymore!”
“Now let’s go blow up some enemy ships!”
Haven't seen this for years...cheers!
I didn't know this film even existed. Be interesting to try to find it and finally watch it for the first time.
You can watch it here: fmovies.llc/watch-movie/bequest-to-the-nation-fmovies-87226.8919322
Thanks for the link 'Ye Olde Gunner' that's much appreciated 😊
@@iaindouglasmcwilliam8684 You are more than welcome.
@@iaindouglasmcwilliam8684 You can watch the 1941 film "That Hamilton Woman" here: ua-cam.com/video/wLVyY4Q882I/v-deo.html&ab_channel=DKClassics I prefer the portrayal of Lady Hamilton by Vivien Leigh.
A very young Rodney (Nicholas Lyndhurst) at 4:52 if i'm not mistaken, Delboy would be proud.
Yes indeed, well spotted. His profile credits him as a "Shot/Cabin Boy". He is shown as a Powder Monkey.
You're both wrong the crews of the British ships (both sailors and marines) that actually won it. Without them doing all the hard work and the fighting all would've been lost.
@@robertshields2066 Me thinks you're replying to the wrong comment.
Uncle Albert was extremely proud
@@silvertain1978 If Uncle Albert had been on the ship it would have been sunk!
Nice glimpse of a (very) young Nicholas Lyndhurst at 4.52.
Last words ,, thank God I did my duty .
By the time of the Battle of Trafalgar the British Crews were so well trained that the didn’t need to be told what to do or when to do it. Once they were Beat to Quarters they went about their business with complete confidence and absolute silence. No one had to shout orders at them. The Screens were taken down, powder was brought up from the magazines and cannonballs from the shot lockers, the guns were unleashed, loaded and run out, the sails were trimmed, the galley fires were doused or tipped overboard, medical instruments were readied and sand was thrown on the decks and spread out without a word being said. It was so quiet on the British Ships that the officers held their conversations in a low tone of voice. All the while they could hear the shouting and yelling going on in the Franco - Spanish Fleet. It must have been eerie serving on a French Ship-of-the-Line hearing orders being screamed, watching the frantic bustling and confusion as your ship is “Clearing-for-Action” and all the while the Battle Ready Ships of the Royal Navy is bearing down you in utter silence…
This video has some of the best, most-knowledgeable comments I've ever seen What a delight!
The crews also had an extra ration of rum, to boost their confidence.
A jolly good show,what!
The Royal Navy is known as the Senior Service because when it was formed the Crown had no standing army. The Navy came first. The commitment to a permanent, funded Navy was foresightful.
4:53 into the scene, after Nelson had said "...shall we continue our walk", the small boy on the left with the grey head gear looks suspiciously like Nicholas - 'you plonker Rodney' - Lyndhurst.
Yup it's him.
The majority of the wounds were from flying wood debris, splintered into razor-sharp pointed needles and hacking knives.
they also tried to adjust the amount of gunpowder so the cannon ball had enough energy to enter the hull, but not enough to blast straight through the other side, the intent was the the cannon ball would ricochet around inside the hull causing even more casualties.
I had a book from the library called Eyewitness Accounts from the Battle of Trafalgar, they told of oak splinters, 6ft long!
@@philldavies7940 There were also the chain shots and angels that whirled around and killed and maimed many soldiers or sailors in one go. This was for hitting soldiers on the deck and for wrecking sails
Funny how things do not change. Same at Battle of the Buldge. Trees were being hit and splinters and logs doing the last of the killing. But we still have to give credit to the cannons. I am sure Victory was not just expanding on her own.
According to some live fire tests, splinters often were not that big and did not have enough velocity to cause major wounds. There were even described issues when unskilled surgeons had great difficulty to distinguish gangrene from extensive bruises caused by blunt impacts. Yeas, there were cases when big portion of the ships crew (few hundreds) were either wounded or killed - but it was after long fight with many exchanged salvos taking even few hours of shooting, repairs, shooting. Thus ship took probably few hundreds of heavy iron balls to cause such a havoc.
So probably the greatest risk was when you were either in the path of the ball, or it hit and ripped major part of the ships structure and caused truly big splinter or threw some heavy piece of equipment upon impact (metal tools etc.)
I recognize most of those combat scenes and the beat to quarters scenes as well. They're from Captain Horatio Hornblower (Warner Bros, 1951). Very disappointing that the producers would re-use the footage like that.
It's old tale of budgetary matters. Just look at many films, including another Universal film called Raid on Rommel. Most of the war footage was from Universal's other War film Tobruk. Hollywood has a habit of cutting corners.
Ah, so that is why the movie looks like it was shot in the 1950s, when the acting parts are from 1973.
@@dr.impossibleofcounterpunc1984 same goes with midway, some of the scenes were from tora tora lmao
@@Jupiter.141 Yep, and the film was average at best.
Dem me, I love knowing what’s going on from reading Hornblower.
Hornblower; Damn the Defiant...but good
Why is the sound on UA-cam so shockingly low lately
I've noticed that too
Not bad, however there was a British mini-series done around 1980 or so called "I Remember Nelson" starring Kenneth Colley as the admiral. Colley's Nelson is a LOT more charismatic than Peter Finch's, Finch comes of as a bit cold and distant where Nelson was reputed to be anything but.
The Trafalgar segment from "I Remember Nelson" got around budgetary problems by showing the battle only from the point of view from one of Victory's gun decks, and it's absolutely brilliant.
I believe "I Remember Nelson" is on UA-cam, look for it and you'll like what you see. "Trafalgar" is the last of (if I remember right) four episodes.