UKRAINIAN vs. russian LANGUAGES: similarities and differences between these two Slavic languages
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- Опубліковано 30 тра 2024
- How different Ukrainian and russian actually are? Is Ukrainian a language? How different are Ukrainian and russian words? In this video, we will look at some of the basic similarities and differences between Ukrainian and russian languages among three dimensions: vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. This quick video is full of opportunities to practice your Ukrainian so feel free to watch it over and stop whenever you need to. Remember that the more you practice, the better you become, so make sure to come back to this video to hone your skills.
Stay tuned till the end for BLOOPERS ^_^
Are you learning Ukrainian? I would love to hear from you and learn how can I help. Let me know below!
Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, join me to learn how to speak Ukrainian with native Ukrainian pronunciation one word at a time. We start small and focus on really nailing the pronunciation of each word and, at the same time, building the vocabulary of common Ukrainian words.
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Since this video got flooded with negative comments from trolls about misleading information, here are some of the academic resources I used to create this video:
-Flier, Michael S. 2017-2018. Ukrainian-Russian: Poles Apart? Harvard Ukrainian Studies 35(1/4). 31-42. www.jstor.org/stable/44983533 (4 April, 2022).
-K. Tyshchenko (1999), Metatheory of Linguistics.
-Sussex, Roland & Paul V. Cubberley. 2006. The Slavic languages (Cambridge Language Surveys). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
THINK FOR YOURSELF!
There are some mistakes in examples here.
1) 5:01 Both Russian and Ukrainian have the words "воля" (volya) and "свобода" (svoboda) with the same meanings.
2) 9:29 It is not true. In Russian, you can say "я имею" (ya imeyu), which will be the same as in Ukrainian "я маю" (ya mayu). But still in Russian "я имею" (ya imeyu) is used less often than "у меня есть" (u menya est').
3) 10:30 In general, this can be considered a nitpick, but in some regions of Russia, for example in the north, people say "o" in the same place where it is written.
Thanks for your notes however you are also not entirely correct.
1) “Volya” in russian is not used to mean freedom. It means “the will” as in “to have will to accomplish something”.
2) sure you can translate “I have” that way in russian but to be honest in my 20+ years of speaking russian as native language,I would probably never use it. Same goes for literature. Please provide an example if I’m mistaking.
@@mariyaukrainian
1) Okay, maybe I'm wrong here. As I understand it, the main difference is that the word "volya" is a complete synonym for the word "svoboda" in Ukrainian, which is not entirely true in Russian. But still, in Russian these words are quite close in meaning, therefore, if you change the word "svoboda" to the word "volya" all the time, a Russian-speaking person will understand everything. Maybe this is a bad argument, but if you open Wikipedia, the article "svoboda" will be called the same in Ukrainian and Russian. The same can be said about the articles "volya" in the field of psychology or philosophy.
2) Yes, in Russian, "ya imeyu" is rarely used in the meaning of a direct translation. However, there are cases where "ya imeyu" sounds natural, such as "Я имею право" (I have the right)
P.S. Just in case, I'm not trying to prove that Ukrainian is a dialect of Russian or something like that. Ukrainian and Russian are two different languages, even if they are somewhat similar. I just want to point out mistakes in this video.
@@egorga8366 I think what makes it even more complicated is that, in my experience, in Eastern parts of Ukraine, the language is closer to russian - perhaps areas where you will hear "svoboda" more than "volya". There might be other more intricate differences that I am not qualified for :D after all I am not a teacher of Ukrainian language. I am just sharing what I know as native Ukrainian and what I learn as I continue speaking Ukrainian
As a native of Russia, I can say that you are right!
@@mariyaukrainian oh one of the comments is auto deleted again... thank you U S A democracy
As Bulgarian I would say Russian is much more similar to Bulgarian compared to Ukrainian. But pronunciation wise Ukrainian is more similar to Bulgarian. Like for example E is the same as the Ukrainian E, and not like pronounced like the Ukrainian Є how Russian and Belarusian do it.
1. For example freedom in Bulgarian is also ''свобода'' but it's pronounced how you see it, with same stress as Russian on second 0, while in Russian is pronounced as ''свабода'' because of the rule of unstressed A becoming A or schwa sound in Russian.
And we have ''воля'' too which means ''will'' but it is also a synonym of ''свобода'' so I will understand you nevertheless.
2. For person we say ''човек'' while ''людина'' sounds really archaic to us. We have ''люде/люди'' for people but these are rarely used nowadays and we use most often ''хора'' for people.
3. Surprisingly this time Ukrainian is more similar than Russian this time. For red we say ''червен'' and the plural form is ''червени'' which is more similar to the Ukrainian ''червоний.''
While ''красен'' in Bulgarian means ''красив'' but more poetic form and the plural form ''красни'' is more similar to the Russian ''красный'' as cognate.
4. Russian is more similar this time. We say ''цвете'' for flower. ''Квiтка'' sounds like ''квит'' which means ''to team-up'' or ''something that has ended.''
5. Both of the words used in Ukrainian and Russian are considered pretty archaic in Bulgarian even though we have ''мати'' as word that is pronounced this time more similar to Russian. Usually nowadays we use ''майка'' for mother, which may sound a bit funny in Russian. 😅
6. Nose is exactly as Russian - ''нос'', while ''нiс'' reminds me of ''низ'' which means ''necklace'' in Bulgarian.
7. These words are almost the same and ''чай'' in almost every Slavic languages is pronounced the same, except for Russian when it's pronounced a bit more softer compared to the rest because as far as I know ''Ч'' is always soften in Russian, while Ж, Ш, Ц are never soften just like Bulgarian - Ж, Ш, Ч, except Ц can be soften.
''Паспорт'' is the same too, despite we sometimes when we joke about the Macedonians we use the Serbian word for passport - ''пасош'' which they have both words - ''паспорт'' and ''пасош'' But we usually say ''паспорт.''
And ''computer'' is pretty much the same except in small differences in writting like ''компьютер, комп'ютер, компютър.''
8. ''Час'' in Bulgarian, depending of the context it can mean both hour and time. We use it bit more like Russian but to understand it here are some example:
''Часът наближава'' - The time is coming.
''След час трябва да съм пристигнал за София'' - After an hour I have to arrive for Sofia.
9. Same thing ''неделя'' can mean Sunday or week, depending of the context. Here are some example:
''До неделя ще съм го завършил това'' - Till Sunday I will have finished this.
''До другата неделя ще отида на почивка'' - Till the next week I will go on holiday.
We usually use ''седмица'' as week too with the stress on ''сЕдмица'' while ''седмИца'' means ''the number 7 in a row''
10. It's the same thing as Russian ''лук'' is onion in Bulgarian, while ''бял лук'' is garlic, even though we say ''чесън.'' And bow is not much different from the Ukrainian one. In Bulgarian it's ''лък'' - pronounced the same as the English word ''luck.''
11. Milk in Bulgarian is pronounced ''мляко'' while in Western dialects it is ''млеко'' with the stress on O, while in Standard is on ''Я'' but however the plural form changes ''Я'' to ''E'' due to the so called ''Changeable Я'' Here examples:
мляко - млека
промяна - промени
голям - големи
бял - бели
And so on.
12. To kiss in Bulgarian is ''да се целувам'' But if we use the form ''целуват се'' (they kiss) it's even more similar. And ''се'' is an auxillary verb that is always written seperately because it can be put either like ''се целувам'' or ''целувам се'' depending of the context
13. Usually for he, she, it we say ''той, тя, то'' but we have more old-fashioned one which are more similar to Ukrainian ''он, она, оно'' like Russian.
14. I have in Bulgarian can be said as ''аз имам'' or just ''имам'' Bulgarian is a pro-drop language so pronouns most of the time are skipped because of the endings you can just them for whom is said. And Ukrainian is more similar this time:
аз имаМ
ти имаШ
той/тя/то има
ние/ний имаМЕ
вие/вий имаТЕ
те/оне/они имаТ
And Bulgarian's alphabet is nearly the same as Russian one except it doesn't have Ё, Ы, Э. As I said ''E'' in Bulgarian is pronounced the same as all South Slavic languages just like Ukrainian and the rest of Slavic languages, except for Belarusian and Russian.
Щ - is pronounced like ''ШТ'' and it's the only language that does it. Only few dialects change it to ''ШЧ'' but in Standard form it's ''ШТ''
''Ъ'' is pronounced like a schwa just like the word ''rubber'' and in fact Interslavic and Bulgarian are the only languages that has this letter as a sound, while in the rest USSR countries it's silent.
Bulgarian has only 1 case like Macedonian - the vocative case, but we don't always use it because some people might find it really rude. And we have some leftovers from instrumental, accusative and dative like for example:
Dative cases
нему
неи/ней
нам
вам
тям
кому
никому
някому - некому (Macedonian)
всекиму
всякому - секому (Macedonian)
Accusative
кого
никого
някого - некого (Macedonian)
всекиго -
всякого - секого (Macedonian)
Instrumental
ходом
родом
And also Bulgarian and Macedonian have 9 verb tenses unlike other Slavic languages. Let me spell them to see what I'm talking about with the word ''да работя:''
BG - MK
аз работя - jас работам - сегашно време
аз работих - jас работив - минало свършено време
аз работех - jас работев - минало несвършено време
аз съм работил - jас сум работел - минало неопределено време
аз бях работил - jас бев работел - минало предварително време
аз ще работя - jас ќе работам - бъдеще време
аз ще съм работил - jас ќе сум работел - бъдеще предватително време
аз щях да работя - jас ќе работев - бъдеще време в миналото
And this is about it. Hopefully you learnt something new and I would like you to do Ukrainian with Belarusian.
Wow thanks for taking the time to give these examples! I definitely learned plenty of new! To make this video, I relied on linguistic research conducted in late 90s--unfortunately I do not speak Belarusian or Bulgarian myself to make any judgments on their similarities or differences.
First and foremost, ruSSian is deriving from Bulgarian, going back to the middle ages. Historically, Bulgaria and Ukraine are blood brothers, which is NOT the same with the moskovits.
Very interesting video, thank you. Our Ukrainian guest has told us that, like you said, many bilingual Ukrainians are turning away from Russian and absorbing themselves more in Ukrainian language and culture, both here in the UK and back home. I hope this kind of informative content generates more interest in your channel, along with the language tips.
Thank you, John! I really appreciate your support and thank you for your hospitality to my fellow Ukrainian:)
But both languages are mutually intelligible? I speak Russian myself, and never experienced any difficulties when had a conversation with someone who spoke Ukrainian, some words are different, but you can get the meaning by the context. Oh, and the word Luk "Лук" has two meanings: an onion and a bow.
It depends. Knowing Russian you may be able to understand some Ukrainian vocabulary perfectly but not other. Most of Russian speakers will understand the overall idea but may get lost in details if any word is different.
PS you are right about Лук in Russian. The point was that onion in Ukrainian is not Лук:)
@@mariyaukrainian We don't have any researches about the real understandability percent of the spoken Ukrainian by Russians (and even about exact understanding of the written Ukrainian by the Russians from the Russian Federation).
There are in the Internet some Estonian researches (authors - Anna Branets, Daria Bahtina and the others) probably just about the understanding of the written Ukrainian texts from the magazines and newspapers by Estonians who were at least with the intermediate(B1) and upper-intermediate (B2) level of the knowledge of Russian. So, the average their level of the Ukrainian texts general meaning understanding was from 29 to 35 %. For example, Swedish may understand 78 -85% of the written Danish.
So, this is very low level. And probably it was caused not just the lexical differences like "неділя"- "неделя" but also by the orthographic distances as it is "нос - ніс" (there is 33 % of orthographic distance, which is enough big distance).
But neither the orthographic nor the lexical distances procent of the texts as the level the common vocabulary confusability and the other factors (all "technic characteristics of texts") were not calculated as the "intelligibility predictors" in these researches..
So, we cannot say how easy or how hard were this texts and what caused such so low level of understandability in Estonians.
@@mariyaukrainian ну да, есть цибуля от Zwiebel.
Дзякуй за працу. У вас атрымаўся змястоўны адукацыйны ролік з добрымі прыкладамі🌻
Conncerning 6:03. The interlingual homonyms, which realy came from one common root, are often called the "different vocabulary" ( probably they are the part of this 38 % lexical distance, and not of the 62% lexical similarity). So, Ukr. "неділя" and today's Standard Russian неделя "неделя", are practically always "different vocabulary" according to many Western (and not only Western) historical and comparative linguists. But it is possible for this meaning of a word which is in the different from the meaning of its Russian counterpart. In this case they are like different words inside a language despite the common root. So, the UA word "багато" ("багато 1") is thep "common" vocabulary to the RU word "богато" in the meaning "richely" but the word "багато 2" is the "different vocabulary" in the meaning "many".
If there is no common root but just "occasinal" homonimity (as it was called by the Western linguists P. Chamoso Velasquez "chance (not semantic) false friends of translator") they are not always "different vocabulary". So, because RU "лук 1" (onion) has different root concerning UA "лук 2" (bowl) as well as the different meaning, both they are different vocabulary.
But the Russian "лук 2" (bowl) cannot be "different vocabulary" to the Ukrainian "лук 2" because they have both same root and meaning. Often the homonyms with the different roots are always different vocabulary like Russian "кроватка" and Ukrainian "краватка".
Дякую!
Felice, будь ласка!
Amazing vídeo Marya 👏👏👏👏❤️
Thank you, Wilson :)
Nice to see Ukrainian language being de-colonized
As an American who has studied slavic languages and cultures (very recreationally), I explain it to people like this: "English and Spanish have many common features, but are very much their own languages. Maybe you comprehend this, but you might no comprendes esto".
Hats off to you Mariya, I sincerely do not understand English grammatical terms - much less know how to apply them to multiple other languages.
Speaking of "looking like Zelensky", I bough the 5.11 Ukrainian shield T-shirt after I saw him wearing it some 11 months ago - it's my favorite.
4:27 - *схожесть между языками всего 40%, но не думаю, что это прям на столько мало (без подтекста)*
Я украинский не учил, но понимаю его на 80%
Там автор видео говорила о 62 % лексической схожести. Но на самом деле надо точно знать какие виды слов входят в "схожесть" или раоборот "несхожесть". Да и эти "схожесть" и "несхожесть" обозначают в лингвистике другие вещи чем повседневной речи.
А я думаю, что там и в тех 62% схожести будет много "не так уж схожих", а в тех 38 % "несхожести" немало "не так уж несхожих". Таким образом проонозирование реального возможного процента понимаемости можно делать не столько исходя из этих лексических "похожести" расстояния сколько при помощи уже существующей, более сложной методики.
Дякую за відео! Помітила ще одну помилку, окрім згаданих іншими коментаторами - "Максим" у Кличному відмінку звучатиме "Максиме!"
Where did russian language come from
I like how you told a clear story. It is quite obvious that you have a political agenda, which makes me sad. It feels as if this video is more meant for some pro war type of person claiming that Ukraine should be a part of Russia because it's not different from Russia, which is not how I feel at all. But I guess you do everything you can and it was still informative and nice! I pray for your people 🙏
Thank you for your support. My objective in this video was to compare Ukrainian and russian languages-question on which I get asked pretty often.
@@mariyaukrainian u write ukrainian with capital letter and russian with a small, lol so ukrainian right now
"Ukrainian is not a language, it's merely a dialect of Russian" -- it's just an old rough narrative or the Russian's propaganda, widely used by propaganda way before 2014. Obviously languages are quire different. There are questions about "what Surgick is", but not about Ukrainian vs Russian.
All Slavic languages are close each other, much closer than the Romanian languages, for example. It term of grammar/syntax, noun cases, adjective cases, tenses, and so on. But Bulgarian stays aside from the others Slavic languages. May be Russian and Bulgarian share more common words, then Ukrainian and Russian, but they are quite different in terms of grammar, syntax and so on.
The Ukrainian's "imperfect syntax future" is a specific feature of the Ukrainian language. Polish, Czech and other languages don't have it. Something like that exists in the Serbian language, but in a simpler form. Other tenses are similar to each other in many Slavic languages.
Thank you for sharing these additional details 🙌
My parents moved to Kherson in 1998, and my mom actually died there in 2013. The whole time they were there, they only spoke russian and everyone was fine with that. My dad returned to Ukraine all the way up until March 2022, when he and my step-mom evacuated from Lviv. Again, they only spoke russian and everyone was fine with that. But try speaking even a word of Ukrainian anywhere inside ruzzia, and you'll instantly find out who the real nazis are.
Thank you for sharing this! I am sorry to hear about your mom!
But similarly to your parents I spoke ruzzian my entire life and never experienced any adverse reactions in Ukraine. Meanwhile some people refuse to study the language of the country they stay in..
❤ love your language and learning more about Ukrainian culture here in the U.K. many thanks . Heroyam Slava 🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦
The case of bow and onion is a bit tricky. In Russian words for bow and onion are same: лук [luk], whereas in Ukrainian word for bow is same as in Russian, bow word for onion is цибуля [tsi:bul'a].
By the way, thanks for the video!
The bottom line is that they are all Slavic languages that make them the same people. Because of the war, people want to create all short of different understandable.
Вже 9 років війни, рік після широкомасштабного вторгнення, а ви продовжуєте щось аналізувати про "московську" мову?
Вам не здається, що це, м'яко кажучи, недоречно?
i find Ukrainian as a dialect , well , mm to my thinking, it is something happens between Castilian and galician
All slavic lang are dialects of same lang,notvmuch difference,u need minor adaptation to speak another one.
There is no need to make differences where they don't exist. These languages are very similar, but still not similar enough to say they are the same. They are like Slovenian and Serbian.
Hi Aleksandar, not sure what you mean about "differences that to don exist". I tried to highlight both similarities and differences in languages, so both exist, of course
@@mariyaukrainian Ukranian is a language, being related to another Slavic language does not mean it does not exists as a language on its own , i can say with my language and two mentioned above is the similar situation, while some people will say Croatian does not exists and it is same as Serbian, it's not even problem that they are extremely close, especialy official languages and we know that but still they are languages on their own, similar but different, on the other hand dialect from Zagreb is closer to Slovenian than to any Serbian dialects and dialects on the coast are very influenced by Italian and Latin and are also mostly Ikavian (Lipo, Bilo, Nedilja ) while those other both Croatian, Slovenian and Serbian are Ijekavian and Ekavian (Bijelo, Lijepo or Belo and Lepo)
So being similar is not being same, so Ukranian and Russian are close but not same, problem is when people put things in one basket withouth knowing the whole story!
@@stipe3124 exactly what my argument is. We are on the same page.
@@mariyaukrainian Yes!
Btw I kind of lost myself typing and i praise you for understanding what i wanted to say!
Btw With slavic languages is sometimes more about how people say things than actuall difference between words, it is like with me and Polish, i don't understand nothing when they talk normaly but when they slow down, in an instant it starts to make sense, also there is crazy variants for same meaning, let me just show words for "Here" in my area (Šibenik in Croatia): Ovdje, Ode, Vode, Tu, Tute, Tote) and yes "Vode" can mean both Water and Here at this place, and i would have no idea how Ukranians or Russian's say "Here" if i didn't listen to Zelensky when he told the public that he is still there "Tut" which sounds alot like Tute/Tote in some Croatian dialects, withouth context because of prononciation i would not know what he wants to say, it really is about how people say it.
@@stipe3124 No worries at all! I think it is easier to understand another non-native English speaker, when you are one yourself :)
You are absolutely right! Context helps a lot, and I too would probably understood what Tote/Tute if I listened to Croatian carefully and for some time. After all, a lot of Slavic languages take origins in Slavic language (or Indo-European if you take earlier), so it is natural that some words share roots.
Я из России и понимаю украинский 80%. Я не против того, чтобы говорила на украинском. Но знай, что русский язык не пренадлежит путину и оркам также, как и немецкий не пренадлежит нацистам, а арабский террористам
Я конечно очень рад, что Украина решила погрузиться в свою культуру больше, чем в русскую (мягко говоря), но конечно хотелось, что б это произошло само собой, а не без того самого известного удара под дых российских войск 24 февраля 😞. После чего и началась культура отмены.
А это всегда только так и происходит. Еще неизвестно, насколько хватит запала. Процесс вполне обратим, глобализацию никто не отменял.
You are completely wrong about soft constants in Russian and Ukrainian, please study linguistics before spreading wrong information.
Лук in Russian also means a bow, this is an homonym to the word onion.
Maria please do better research for your content.
😁I am Korean (Northeast Asia). The heartless Soviet Union had done terrible damage to Koreans decades ago. I Pray for peace in Ukraine.
(History: Vladivostok is Korean territory in ancient times.
Decades ago, they killed so many Koreans.
)
Welcome:) and thank you for your support!
Oh I didn’t know that! Soviet Union has done a lot of terrible things to a lot of nation’s unfortunately :(
🤣🤣🤣
@@egro_chaplia Чапля ??????????????
@@mathamour The same thing happened in Ukraine as in Korea. (proxy war)
It is ridiculous that you did not mention the United States and the UN. In the DPRK 동주, and in the Republic of Korea 재벌. 🤢