When Light reflects/refracts with a large object, it acts as particle When light reflects/refracts with objects smaller than a certain limit, it acts as a wave
The background music, the passionate energy of this guy and the instrumentation are what I believe the keys that the video is awarded with so much views. Keep the good vibes going Veritasium!
I am a PhD Student working on Molecular Dynamics and I deal with Quantum mechanics on a day to day basis, I have attended so many lectures on Quantum physics, quantum mechanics, statistical dynamics etc. But I have to tell you this mate , you explained Heisenberg's uncertainty principle better than anyone else I have heard it from. And believe me when i say this, I have heard explanation for it from at least 20 different professors, lol. Veritasium Good job mate, Keep it up
I beg to differ. Slit experiments were supposed to show that the light has a wave nature. Here he is showing that light has a particle nature. Wth is going on?
Though you still need to have a bit of uncertainty in one of them, otherwise the product of the uncertainty of position and uncertainty of velocity would be 0 since anything multiplied with 0 would be 0.
I want you to know how timeless your videos are! This randomly came up in my feed since I have seen some of your videos before, and I was just as entertained and intrigued as any newer videos you’ve made!! Truly amazing thing not many can accomplish. GREAT work, and thank you for all you do!!!!!!!
I really have the most appreciation of this channel now than ever before. Showing these experiment and clearly explaining the principles behind the physical laws is awesome!
@@COVID--kf3tx id argue it does. Actually all languages "serve" science, since they are tools to express our thinking. We are limited by their limitations. The most useful language for science would be math. I consider math a language wich is designed for science.
imagine being a renound scientist, dedicating a huge amount of time to researching and developing a breakthrough principle, only to have a guy who cooks meth in an AMC tv series named after you who like ten years later gets memed on by the internet
Imagine a man watching that TV series and laughing at memes, then looking up who Heisenberg is, who Gödel is, getting hooked on physics, discussing physics and science with son at young age and that son now pursuing scientist career. Imagine - what if the character had a different name in the TV series…
The problem I have with this video is that it does not explain Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; it merely demenstrates it. I want a video showing WHY Heisenberg's observation is correct; what is it about the universe that makes these subatomic particles disinclined to be observed precisely in regards to position and momentum?
Very late reply but if your still curious Brian Cox explains it very well in his book. He also proves using a few equations. The book is "our quantum universe-everything that can happen does happen"
My understanding is that it is an instrumentation problem. If we use photons to observe photons they will interact with each other, changing the properties of the target photon. So use lower energy photons, but then the target becomes dimmer to observe. So use something smaller like electrons, which are even harder to see, but they still interact with photons and change their properties. Basically you cannot " observe" a target photon or electron with other photons or electrons without changing its very nature, defined in terms of where it is and how it is moving. To me this experiment illustrates simple diffraction, not the difficulty in determining a quantum particles position or momentum....
@Ivor Clark, hope you know better in the 4 years that have passed but if you do not. No, it's not. It's due to the wave nature of matter. ua-cam.com/video/MBnnXbOM5S4/v-deo.html&vl=en
On this day in 1927, Werner Heisenberg first proposed his famous uncertainty principle. Though the date of this discovery is known with precision, Heisenberg's whereabouts at the time remain a matter of speculation. ;) Check out my video on a counter-intuitive demonstration of the uncertainty principle. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle Explained
Veritasium Seems like a nice demonstration, but by looking at the equations, i got a 4pi factor hanging around suggestion Heisenberg is only responsible for less than 10% of the broadening... In deed, diffraction says the first zero happens for d*pi/lambda*sin(theta_z) = pi => theta_z = arcsin(lambda/d) But Heisenberg only suggest that d*h*sin(theta_z)>= h/(4*pi) => theta_z = arcsin(lambda/(d*4*pi)) (at the limit) given, the micronic width of the slit, we could linearize the arcsin which leaves Heisenberg width twelve times smaller than the width of the spot as predicted by diffraction... Don't mistake me though, I like your work ^^
***** With regards to knowing precise position at the same time as velocity and vice versa: It's not "unknowable" in the sense that we think we can't know it, it's "unknowable" in the sense that there's nothing to know: a precisely-bound-in-position particle has a 'blurry', ill-defined momentum (ie. wide probability distribution function in v) and a precise-momentum particle has a blurry position. I'm not a physicist, but I have heard it has to do with the fact that each of these quantities is the fourier transform of the other. Tall, precise peaks get fourier transformed into wide, imprecise hills, and vice versa.
Well that's a great question :) After all, empirical observation is the most important thing when it comes to understanding our universe. Frankly, I don't know much about this, but I'd suspect based on things like the phenomenon shown in the above video that when scientists try to restrict a particle's position, its momentum goes all over the place in a probability distribution, and similarly for restricting its momentum.
02:30 - "now photons must veer of to the left or right to ensure we don't break Heisenberg's relation" well, this is not the line of thought I like. The laws of physics are not like laws of men. The particles do not behave the way they do in order not to break some law. They do behave the way they do because and the laws and equations just describe that. Derek, kindly tell us why exactly do the particles change their momentum when going through the narrow hole.
+panda4247 The photons do not do so consciously, of course, it happens as the uncertainty cannot decrease too much due to the laws of physics in our universe.
+panda4247 well that's the issue aint it. you do all these fancy experiments to answer the question why and you get this fascinating law that says that the certainty to which one can measure both the position and momentum of something cannot exceed this limit. why? well who the hell knows >.
+panda4247 Photons are fined very large amounts of money, and are given community service if they don't follow physical laws properly. If we want them to behave differently we just need to change the laws, and they'll act according to the new laws, because they're such diligent and obedient citizens.
Amazing experience Sir . When we reach the limit where delta x decreases delta p needs to increase to be always greater or equal to h bar divided by 2 . h bar equals plank's constant divided by 2 Pi . This principle is really important . Not only it is important in physics but it expanded to many other domains .
Truth Seeker exactly. its just more 20th century mumbo jumbo. What the fk were the scientists on at this time? was einstein to good for us dod we need some wackos to turn science back to the controlling arms of the churches !
Light as an EM wave is supposed to be diffracted when the slit size reaches the wavelength of the wave. I(theta) = I(0).sinc^2[bi.d/lamda.sin(theta)] where I(theta) is the intensity of light for a given angle. It is called "single slit diffraction".
This is also known as the diffraction of light (that proves the wave caracter of light). The lenght of the spot is equal to the wavelenght multiplie by the distance between the slit and the screen divided by the size of the slit. If the slit goes narrower, the lenght of the spot goes wider ! :)
Hey Derek, love you work. Fellow aussie engineer/backyard physicist here. Wait a minute, there are some things that don't make sense here: 1) If the light is effectively bending outwards (similar to what happens in dispersion) what is going on here, what causes the light to bend and change direction? In dispersion, it is that different wavelengths have different apparent speed in the glass prism and thus refract at greater degrees, what is causing it to happen here? 2) Do the photons change direction because classically (p=mv) relativistic mass of light cannot change? only the velocity made up of c and direction can. Since everything else is constant, only the direction can change? 3) But the momentum of light according to de-broglies relation (p=h/λ) for p to increase the wavelength must be decreasing (i.e frequency increases). Is this occurring? If we were to put a detector on the other sided of the slit would we notice higher frequency photons being emitted? 4)When I created my own single and double slit experiments I always thought this was occurring due to diffraction as the light bent around the edges of the slit?
Honestly, I thought that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle had to do with not knowing if the batch was going to produce 99.98 or 99.99 percent purity....
Veritasium's videos are sometimes incomplete. Of course there is diffraction, and the smaller the slit and less photons we have coming through the more obvious the diffraction patterns appear
Yes, but if you think about it, the uncertainity principle is a natural consequence of the wave particle duality. If you tried this with electrons, you would get a similiar result because of that.
@@alextroll3400 No -- for full completeness, he would also talk about diffraction more fully and explain all the properties and understanding behind what diffraction is. Obviously, not just only merely slapping a "oh this also could've just been just...'diffraction'. Alright now this video is over!!"
Light behave like both particles and waves that is why widening of the beam is caused by both diffraction and uncertainty in momentum. Diffraction because light behaves as wave and uncertainty in momentum because light is a particle.
Isn't this just the diffraction you get when you send light through a small aperture? Also, how does changing the momentum result in the widening light projection if the light is from a laser (therefore straight)? I thought an increased uncertainty in position would result in this pattern. Please help me understand.
Basically momentum is a vector quantity = mv. Here the mass of the photons cannot change. Their speed in a medium( air) also cannot change. So the only thing that can change such that momentum changes is the direction of the vector
You're correct, it is the same diffraction you get from placing a laser beam through a small aperture. When the beam of light spreads due to diffraction, it loses coherence - it becomes less focused. The aperture would be the distance between the two slits - this distance is what influences the uncertainty of the position of the photons. The smaller the aperture, the less uncertainty we'd have in knowing the position of the photons because the light beam has to fit into a smaller slit. This is where it becomes very unintuitive. The calculation you saw in the video, (deltaX)(deltaP) >/= h/u X Pi is the uncertainty relation - it's compendiously a constant of the universe in a mathematical expression, think of it like balancing colours of paint to produce a certain colour. You may have to decrease the intensity of one colour to make another colour more apparent. Also, changing the momentum results in a wider and more diffracted light beam because the momentum is tied to the direction of the light beam photons. Momentum is a vector quantity - it has direction and magnitude. The momentum would change and in turn the direction, so as to balance Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. Don't forget that the uncertainty/focus of the momentum increases when the uncertainty of the position decreases. The shape of the light on the walls is related more to the momentum as the momentum determines the destination of the light beam, remember what I mentioned about direction.
so youre telling me that i just watched a 20 minute video and didnt understand a word, and i find this 2 minute explanation and now i completely understand the concept. veritasium is the best!
Hi, doesn't the image actually gets wider because of the diffraction ? Because we did a very similar experience in science class by calculating the wavelength of the laser using the length of the image on the wall and some formulas... But our teacher says it has nothing to do with Heisenberg uncertainty principle and only illustrates the diffraction of light. We used 160nm wide holes and green lasers with a wavelength of 532nm
So Heisenberg is driving one evening and he gets pulled over by a policeman. The policeman says 'Do you know how fast you were going?' Heisenberg says 'No, but I know where I am.'
By my guesses and partially calculated thoughts,. I believe the hiesenburg uncertainty principle can be directly related and compared to many things in life, for example, human thoughts on a given situation.. or the amount of traffic at a given junction when driving at a certain time of day, the estimated amount of fish in a river and countless other situations and circumstances.. I consider it to be a basic fact of life now.. along with the law of un-intended consequences..
Adam Wilkinson I'm sorry... Forgive me or feeling that's not good enough. Cause and Effect is a big part of science. Why should some principles get exceptions just because we can't explain them yet?
something Kind of, I'm saying that it simply is one of the fundamental things that makes the universe work, it doesn't have a cause, in the same way that magnetic forces/attractions have no real cause when you get down to it, and as well as why you can't walk through walls.
this experiment seems so perfect and easy but I'm afraid every other person on this planet would have been a physicist if physics and nature were that simple...... what I mean is...nature doesn't work the way it does to NOT break OUR laws...instead we make laws to describe nature's nature! so what you said wasn't convincing enough.... I really like your videos and expect the RIGHT explanation for this so very complicated phenomenon soon....thnx! :)
If people accepted Heisenberg uncertainty principle based on this experiment, then people were/are weird. Let me explain, before making the slit narrower, a lot of photons were going straight but a lot of them were already going to the right and left.But this was not very clear initially. Now when the slit was made narrower and narrower, the photons which were going to the right and left started bouncing of the sides of the slit and changed their momentum and started moving to the center. This increased the brightness at the center . This is why we see many more bright lines and spots appearing at the center when the slit was narrowing down. When the slit was even more narrowed down ,less number of photons passed through the slit and so the brightness decreased.Also , the photons that are now capable of passing through the slit had more chances of hitting the sides of the slit because the slits were very close enough. So now more photons were hitting the sides and changing their momentum , almost 90% of them. So they were spreading out more and so the brightness at the center decreases more and more. Of course the bouncing to such a degree that the particles bouncing from the left side are interacting with the particles bouncing from the right side and creating crest and troughs pretty far away from the center. Its particle physics ..not an uncertainty principle. Stupid for all the people who can't think in the right way and believe everything blindly.
Wow, man. You are actually really really wrong. Let me explain why: 1) The same thing happens when "sides" are sharp, and there just no place for photons to bounce. 2) The material of the slit could be black, so photons just get absorbed instead of bouncing. 3) How would you explain experiments with black disk that creates white spot behind it? You can't! 4) What do you think happens whet you reflect a laser beam from diffraction grating? Just go and check you yourself!!! 5) What pattern would monochromatic light create if it goes through a long waveguide? Make a prediction and see for yourself what happens in OUR world! Do you really think your primitive hypothesizes haven't been checked and disproved already??? You'd better checked yourself before calling someone stupid! Current physics theory not only explains everything ordinary human can encounter, it is also so simple and easy that even you can understand it if you want to. P.S. I as a physicist have rechecked every single thing while was studying, trust me, the current theory we have IS the most logical, simple and intuitive explanation! There were so much different experiments with different quantities, materials, shapes, details, so I am pretty sure I can name an experiment that can prove you wrong in any way, if your theory is simpler that quantum mechanics. Did you heard about tunneling effect? How would you think reflectionless surfaces work? With this primitive concept of bouncing photon particles so many things in this world shouldn't work, so I can't even imagine how in this universe you could come up with such an absurd idea...
Nick Pershyn 1) No matter how sharp the sides are , photon are just too small and for them the sides will mostly remain big enough. 2) Who says that all the photons are absorbed by black color. Light can only be absorbed completely in a black hole, not in a black sheet , or anything which is painted black or any material which is black. 3) Same reason as above. 4)I will check and come back 5) I will check and come back. And yes I am talking about OUR world.....where all black colors are not black holes.
Nick Pershyn Try this experiment.Take a glass of water and keep a board on the floor with a narrow slit in it.Then slowly throw the water towards the slit. The water will come out from the other side and spread itself. It will not move in a narrow straight line after coming out from the other side. Also, if the same experiment is done with a tunnel the same result will be seen... and water is seriously a group of particle , not wave... light behaves in the same way.
The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle says we can't know both the position and the momentum of a quantum particle. My question is this, if you know that a photon is going the speed of light, the momentum, then does that mean you can never know the position of the photon?
Strange, so when it comes to photons, we don't know anything about direction - even in the two slit experiment. How do we know they are going through the slit instead of around it or coming from behind?
Tom Hendricks We know they are going through the slit because we can see it and because there would be no reason for them to just suddenly go in another direction, until they passed the slit.
But they are outside of time, so they have forever to get back there. That seems logical, and mine seems silly, but they both fit the facts. And when you see, you change the outcome too don't you?
MAN i really can't stop thinking about how great you're being to the people on earth!! congratulations you are making an amazing job! you are making us THINK, something very needed these days! A huge thank you from all of us at Brazil.
When you stop down your apature on your DSLR (f.ex) to something like f/22, you'll get less sharp images because of "diffraction" (as photography-tutorials always say). But is this also because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?
Increasing the f value doesn't increase "sharpness", it increases depth of field, which means a larger portion of the photo is in focus. But what +overTIMe is talking about is something different. When you stop down really far you start to get diffraction which can reduce the sharpness of your image somewhat. The effect is fairly minor though, and even at extreme crops it can be difficult to notice.
hey Dr. Muller, I'm working on a project o Quantum Physics? i have one question. How can we find the width of slit (uncertainty in x) when uncertainty in momentum increses?
Not really an 'explanation', an explanation would be telling us why this is the case, you've only told us that this is the case with reference to an equation which is the result of observing this phenomenon.
Consider this experiment as pushing a baloon under water and observe how both the part above and under water grow when the other gets smaller and vice-versa. There's no magic going on neither you think of asking why it happens, because the question wouldn't make sense.
Heisenberg's relation is not empirical: it can be derived without too much difficulty once you know some Fourier analysis, but that would require a much longer video :) I think the point was to explain what it is, rather than why it is.
Dan Rowe the equation is predictive... it works before you set up any test... and no math is a result of observation... but I'd be amazed if you could show us how to make that work... it'd save a lot if time.
In no way does the uncertainty principle cause diffraction. Diffraction is a wave behaviour. Uncertainty is just uncertainty and in quantum mechanics it is about the failure of operator to commute; or more precisely about the fact that no quantum mechanical state can have shared eigenstates (of definite value for some operator) for two operators which do not commute. So the lower limit of the uncertainty is proportional to the expectation value of the commutator.
Why do universe need maximum cosmic speed limit (speed of light/causality)? Why it has to be finite speed? Why is that mass and energy related to each other? Why matter is not infinitely divisible? 🤔
I was thinking about this same analogy. But then, how can it relate to the uncertainty principle in which the h value is very small 1 divided by 1 followed by 34 zeros?
Hey Derek love physics, but this is the simplest and concise best explanation of the uncertainity principle so far , I have watched a lot of your videos love 'em, i am a big fan and will always be, I especially liked the recent one the car which goes faster than the wind.
Because it IS diffraction. This happens because particles have a wave-particle duality. When the slit becomes smaller than the particle's wavelength, you decrease the uncertainity in position, but the uncertainity in momentum goes up.
Actually the decomposition of white light into colors is due to refraction being different for the different colors, something completely different from diffraction. Diffraction is very closely related to Heinsenberg's uncertainty principle, but it also adds the concept of interference.
Aldurnamiyanrandvora that's a pretty good analogy... and if we looked on probability as a property of the universe, a thing, then its valid... but is probability a property of the universe?... or would it work in all conceivable universes everywhere... ? how would you determine this? nit knocking your analogy... just asking.
No idea. It was more me trying to wrap my head around it. I'm an English major and so this is a very foreign field for me. If I were to try and defend my analogy, I would guess that probability is a very fundamental part of this universe. I don't have the knowledge to think about other universes though.
Thank you for this video, it is really pedagogical and illustrative. This uncertainty principle is hard to explain but you did well. Thank you once more.
shashank raghunath It's more than just light. Any particle small enough to be noticeably influenced by this will be. We see this same effect when firing alpha particles as well. So I guess this means all small particles travel in waves?
+Steven Wang that's the conclusion debroigle reached: what if all particles have a wavelegth, because symmetry. it's a really beautiful conclusion in my opinion
+shashank raghunath The is *no* change in medium (eg: air to glass prism) to cause refraction. Also refraction moves the refracted frequency in one direction. The result here was in *both* directions.
+shashank raghunath The diffraction of light is a special case of the uncertainty principle. You can explain the effect purely classical, but it's a good example where we see that the HUP isn't violated. It's the same as if I'd make a video how milk diffuses in coffee and say it's a demonstration of the second law of thermodynamics, and you'd comment "you are merely showing random motion of molecules in liquid ... what has entropy got to do with it?"
Try one experiment. close one eye and look at your laptop screen with the other eye. Now slowly close this eye as well.. What do you observe... when are eyes are quenched , the light coming from the laptop screen expands in the top and bottom direction. Do this in a dark room...I guess Heisenberg works here as well
yeah it was an excellent explanation but wait.... photons are not conscious , it seems like they saw the decreasing slit width and they discussed among themselves that yes now its time to split....
Yaman Sanghavi that's where the wave nature of light comes into play sir. A strong suggestion from my side would be to watch a good video regarding single slit diffraction. You'll enjoy this video much more. Cheers!
I hate Veritasium. His videos are usually pompous and uninformative. I feel like he just wants to show off because I never get anything, really, out of his videos. I know, unpopular opinion, but that's how I feel.
I see your point. Quantum mechanic is a difficult subject. I will not pretend that I understand it beyond the most basic of basics. In general though if you are trying to learn a concept you are better off reading it from a well known published paper or some sort of academic text like a journal or textbook. The information is more likely to be accurate and less likely to include unnecessary metaphors and oversimplifications.
Soon I'm gonna receive a video where Derek hasn't started walking. As time goes, I receive his videos in my recommended views further and further away from today: it started with 1, 2 yrs ago. This is 6 yrs old. It's all right with me. Except for the irritating "ain't I great?" coolness factor, those are amazingly well -prepared shows.
I'm a visual learner, so I liked the video graphics you have, much better way for me to learn. Dr. Dorian Canelas at Duke Univ has a link to you from the Intro to Chem course on Coursera. Glad she gave us student this link!
![Lp. Сердце Вселенной #60 РОЖДЕНИЕ ЛОЛОЛОШКИ [Финал] • Майнкрафт](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoR0pAV9FVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
Are you a particle or a wave?
Photon: *yes*
I am a particle and travel in wavy direction
It's a candlestick, like in the stockmarket.
Lookup Leonard Troland.
imgur.com/a/xQbuukM
archive.is/0I6Rp
Same for human😁
Yes but no.
When Light reflects/refracts with a large object, it acts as particle
When light reflects/refracts with objects smaller than a certain limit, it acts as a wave
This was the moment when Walter White truly became a photon.
waltuh waltuh
Bravo Vince, he did it again
Photonberg
Done and dusted
The background music, the passionate energy of this guy and the instrumentation are what I believe the keys that the video is awarded with so much views. Keep the good vibes going Veritasium!
It’s because of Breaking Bad!
I am a PhD Student working on Molecular Dynamics and I deal with Quantum mechanics on a day to day basis, I have attended so many lectures on Quantum physics, quantum mechanics, statistical dynamics etc. But I have to tell you this mate , you explained Heisenberg's uncertainty principle better than anyone else I have heard it from. And believe me when i say this, I have heard explanation for it from at least 20 different professors, lol.
Veritasium Good job mate, Keep it up
How did your PhD go? Also what UK uni were you at?
@@SteveLPDNB It's been 7 years
@@tanmaykarde oooof
You doc yet? ;/
I beg to differ. Slit experiments were supposed to show that the light has a wave nature. Here he is showing that light has a particle nature. Wth is going on?
A physicist went for a drive and got stopped by a traffic cop.
- "Do you know how fast you were going?"
- "No, but I know where I am."
xD
***** Watch the video again.
***** You can either determine the speed of an electron or its position, but not both.
Though you still need to have a bit of uncertainty in one of them, otherwise the product of the uncertainty of position and uncertainty of velocity would be 0 since anything multiplied with 0 would be 0.
+elmohead It's not speed its momentum. The symbol for speed is v but the equation uses p wich stands for momentum.
it's a joke that you didn't get, kevka.
I want you to know how timeless your videos are! This randomly came up in my feed since I have seen some of your videos before, and I was just as entertained and intrigued as any newer videos you’ve made!! Truly amazing thing not many can accomplish. GREAT work, and thank you for all you do!!!!!!!
I tried defying Heisenberg's principles once.
...I ended up in a barrel buried in a New Mexican desert.
Zach Gilbert well lucky that was in the past.. if it were a few years from now you'd need to also climb a wall to get back into the US.
You are really lucky you didn't end up on the Moon or something.
@Mickelodian Surname, He said *new mexican* as in the state "new mexico".
Ha, rookie mistake.
You have only yourself to blame for your position and lack of momentum.
For any one of you who didn't understand what the op meant : It was a reference to breaking bad show .
this explains why people who wear tighter and tighter pants tend to look fatter
Verirektium
+Hugh Jass good answer , hugh jASS
+Hugh Jass genius!
Brilliant! 😂
hahahaa
I really have the most appreciation of this channel now than ever before. Showing these experiment and clearly explaining the principles behind the physical laws is awesome!
jesse we have to cook
ok
@Dinesh Pandey valar morghulis
jesse were is the cocainer
OP... . Only breaking bad fans can get this....!! 🤣🤣🤣🤣🔥🔥🔥🔥
Methamphetamine
It's a shame the video isn't translated to more languages. I made a translation into Russian to spread your word wider =) Thanks for your work!
Everyone should learn English
@@jpmorgan187 but don't count on it
@@jpmorgan187 nope
@@jpmorgan187 They really shouldn't. Science has no language
@@COVID--kf3tx id argue it does. Actually all languages "serve" science, since they are tools to express our thinking. We are limited by their limitations. The most useful language for science would be math. I consider math a language wich is designed for science.
imagine being a renound scientist, dedicating a huge amount of time to researching and developing a breakthrough principle, only to have a guy who cooks meth in an AMC tv series named after you who like ten years later gets memed on by the internet
Imagine a man watching that TV series and laughing at memes, then looking up who Heisenberg is, who Gödel is, getting hooked on physics, discussing physics and science with son at young age and that son now pursuing scientist career. Imagine - what if the character had a different name in the TV series…
@@MK-rn1mg
if someone is not inspired to look into how reality works until they watch breaking bad, something is already wrong there
The problem I have with this video is that it does not explain Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; it merely demenstrates it. I want a video showing WHY Heisenberg's observation is correct; what is it about the universe that makes these subatomic particles disinclined to be observed precisely in regards to position and momentum?
God dammit, *demonstrate.
Very late reply but if your still curious Brian Cox explains it very well in his book. He also proves using a few equations. The book is "our quantum universe-everything that can happen does happen"
My understanding is that it is an instrumentation problem. If we use photons to observe photons they will interact with each other, changing the properties of the target photon. So use lower energy photons, but then the target becomes dimmer to observe. So use something smaller like electrons, which are even harder to see, but they still interact with photons and change their properties. Basically you cannot " observe" a target photon or electron with other photons or electrons without changing its very nature, defined in terms of where it is and how it is moving. To me this experiment illustrates simple diffraction, not the difficulty in determining a quantum particles position or momentum....
@jpheitman Very very late but here you go: ua-cam.com/video/MBnnXbOM5S4/v-deo.html&vl=en
@Ivor Clark, hope you know better in the 4 years that have passed but if you do not. No, it's not. It's due to the wave nature of matter. ua-cam.com/video/MBnnXbOM5S4/v-deo.html&vl=en
On this day in 1927, Werner Heisenberg first proposed his famous uncertainty principle. Though the date of this discovery is known with precision, Heisenberg's whereabouts at the time remain a matter of speculation. ;) Check out my video on a counter-intuitive demonstration of the uncertainty principle.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle Explained
***** The short answer is that physicists don't currently know why they follow these rules. They just know that that's how the world operates.
Veritasium Seems like a nice demonstration, but by looking at the equations, i got a 4pi factor hanging around suggestion Heisenberg is only responsible for less than 10% of the broadening...
In deed, diffraction says the first zero happens for d*pi/lambda*sin(theta_z) = pi
=> theta_z = arcsin(lambda/d)
But Heisenberg only suggest that d*h*sin(theta_z)>= h/(4*pi)
=> theta_z = arcsin(lambda/(d*4*pi)) (at the limit)
given, the micronic width of the slit, we could linearize the arcsin which leaves Heisenberg width twelve times smaller than the width of the spot as predicted by diffraction...
Don't mistake me though, I like your work ^^
***** It's an intrinsic attribute, not a flaw in our ability to measure. Look into quantum mechanics.
***** With regards to knowing precise position at the same time as velocity and vice versa: It's not "unknowable" in the sense that we think we can't know it, it's "unknowable" in the sense that there's nothing to know: a precisely-bound-in-position particle has a 'blurry', ill-defined momentum (ie. wide probability distribution function in v) and a precise-momentum particle has a blurry position. I'm not a physicist, but I have heard it has to do with the fact that each of these quantities is the fourier transform of the other. Tall, precise peaks get fourier transformed into wide, imprecise hills, and vice versa.
Well that's a great question :) After all, empirical observation is the most important thing when it comes to understanding our universe. Frankly, I don't know much about this, but I'd suspect based on things like the phenomenon shown in the above video that when scientists try to restrict a particle's position, its momentum goes all over the place in a probability distribution, and similarly for restricting its momentum.
Great stuff! I spent all evening looking for some good resources to show students on this, and this is by far and away the best thing I have found.
02:30 - "now photons must veer of to the left or right to ensure we don't break Heisenberg's relation"
well, this is not the line of thought I like. The laws of physics are not like laws of men. The particles do not behave the way they do in order not to break some law. They do behave the way they do because and the laws and equations just describe that.
Derek, kindly tell us why exactly do the particles change their momentum when going through the narrow hole.
+panda4247 The photons do not do so consciously, of course, it happens as the uncertainty cannot decrease too much due to the laws of physics in our universe.
+panda4247 well that's the issue aint it. you do all these fancy experiments to answer the question why and you get this fascinating law that says that the certainty to which one can measure both the position and momentum of something cannot exceed this limit. why? well who the hell knows >.
EXACTLY
I really missed that in this video
+panda4247
Photons are fined very large amounts of money, and are given community service if they don't follow physical laws properly. If we want them to behave differently we just need to change the laws, and they'll act according to the new laws, because they're such diligent and obedient citizens.
+panda4247 Well we don't really know that
Say my uncertainty principle.
You're goddamned right.
I cant believe 11 years are over since this video was published, time just flew
Amazing experience Sir .
When we reach the limit where delta x decreases delta p needs to increase to be always greater or equal to h bar divided by 2 .
h bar equals plank's constant divided by 2 Pi .
This principle is really important . Not only it is important in physics but it expanded to many other domains .
ua-cam.com/video/x4Z4CfA59mE/v-deo.html
Say my name...
"You're Heisenberg..."
YOU'RE GODDAMNED RIGHT.
HANDS DOWN THIS IS THE BEST EXPLANATION VIDEO FROM VERITASIUM SO FAR! BRAVO!
Fascinating that with a simple mechanical device one can alter quantum probabilities...I would not expect that! Thanks for showing it!
I have always struggled with the uncertainty principle, and this is the most awesome thing I've ever seen.
if you do it mathematically, you'd find it's not about uncertainty, it really is diffraction.
Truth Seeker exactly. its just more 20th century mumbo jumbo. What the fk were the scientists on at this time? was einstein to good for us dod we need some wackos to turn science back to the controlling arms of the churches !
Light as an EM wave is supposed to be diffracted when the slit size reaches the wavelength of the wave.
I(theta) = I(0).sinc^2[bi.d/lamda.sin(theta)]
where I(theta) is the intensity of light for a given angle.
It is called "single slit diffraction".
He mentions that at the very end of the video (3:24)
oh yeah, thanks for the hint.. I didn't watch the end of the video
Vinay N.K did you model light as a wave ?
This is also known as the diffraction of light (that proves the wave caracter of light). The lenght of the spot is equal to the wavelenght multiplie by the distance between the slit and the screen divided by the size of the slit. If the slit goes narrower, the lenght of the spot goes wider ! :)
Wow! I'm studying quantum mechanics at the moment, and this video made Heisenberg's uncertainty principle a lot more understandable.
Hey Derek, love you work. Fellow aussie engineer/backyard physicist here.
Wait a minute, there are some things that don't make sense here:
1) If the light is effectively bending outwards (similar to what happens in dispersion) what is going on here, what causes the light to bend and change direction? In dispersion, it is that different wavelengths have different apparent speed in the glass prism and thus refract at greater degrees, what is causing it to happen here?
2) Do the photons change direction because classically (p=mv) relativistic mass of light cannot change? only the velocity made up of c and direction can. Since everything else is constant, only the direction can change?
3) But the momentum of light according to de-broglies relation (p=h/λ) for p to increase the wavelength must be decreasing (i.e frequency increases). Is this occurring? If we were to put a detector on the other sided of the slit would we notice higher frequency photons being emitted?
4)When I created my own single and double slit experiments I always thought this was occurring due to diffraction as the light bent around the edges of the slit?
Honestly, I thought that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle had to do with not knowing if the batch was going to produce 99.98 or 99.99 percent purity....
I thought it was about the speed and position of a fly
shut up, SHUT UP SHUT UP SHUT UP SHUT UP
"I've gotta say a big thank you to professor Walter...White"
Isn't this just an example of single slit diffraction ??
Veritasium's videos are sometimes incomplete. Of course there is diffraction, and the smaller the slit and less photons we have coming through the more obvious the diffraction patterns appear
Yes, but if you think about it, the uncertainity principle is a natural consequence of the wave particle duality. If you tried this with electrons, you would get a similiar result because of that.
It absolutely is. Somebody need a principle, that's all.
@@MikeSmith-vb8ul It‘s not incomplete. He explains at the end of the video that this phenomena was caused by diffraction.
@@alextroll3400 No -- for full completeness, he would also talk about diffraction more fully and explain all the properties and understanding behind what diffraction is. Obviously, not just only merely slapping a "oh this also could've just been just...'diffraction'. Alright now this video is over!!"
I thought we were going to see how to cook meth.
that's quite the same thing to physicians !
David Lecaille You mean physicists, but should have said chemists
why.
Makai Mesa Heisenberg is the alias of a character on a popular tv show about methamphetamine production
butterflycaught900 And he was teaching chemistry.
Cop: "Sir, I pulled you over for speeding. Do you know how fast you were going?"
Citizen: "No officer, but I do know exactly where I am."
Walks in front of cop car with hands together like a monk and walks on by... ..
You stole this from top comment lol
rentacow this joke makes no sense
Or maybe I don’t obtain the knowledge to Find the humor in this puzzle
@@AmmoBops same, lmk when you get this joke
spock still don’t get the joke 😂 it’s all good tho
0:50 That's just the light rejecting the oppression, while the song "We're Not Gonna Take It" silently plays.
I came here to find breaking bad jokes and was not disappointed
Light behave like both particles and waves that is why widening of the beam is caused by both diffraction and uncertainty in momentum. Diffraction because light behaves as wave and uncertainty in momentum because light is a particle.
Yes exactly, they are just two different perspectives which result in the same conclusion.
Answering your question on the demonstration, that is incredible bro!🙌
"It's the way the world works" Best line ever.
I love the way how u represent light quanta as packets of grouped waves.Like in 2:04.Its actually how they are.
U just made the concept clear. Salute to you
Where are the Breaking Bad jokes?
terrysarmy2695 but i am watching this as a infotainment :p
terrysarmy2695 ahh... its 5 months later now... so did you get a pass?
Good video!
I love how excited he is!
I am so glad i clicked on the video , i never thought of diffraction in this manner
Isn't this just the diffraction you get when you send light through a small aperture? Also, how does changing the momentum result in the widening light projection if the light is from a laser (therefore straight)? I thought an increased uncertainty in position would result in this pattern. Please help me understand.
Basically momentum is a vector quantity = mv. Here the mass of the photons cannot change. Their speed in a medium( air) also cannot change. So the only thing that can change such that momentum changes is the direction of the vector
You're correct, it is the same diffraction you get from placing a laser beam through a small aperture. When the beam of light spreads due to diffraction, it loses coherence - it becomes less focused. The aperture would be the distance between the two slits - this distance is what influences the uncertainty of the position of the photons. The smaller the aperture, the less uncertainty we'd have in knowing the position of the photons because the light beam has to fit into a smaller slit. This is where it becomes very unintuitive. The calculation you saw in the video, (deltaX)(deltaP) >/= h/u X Pi is the uncertainty relation - it's compendiously a constant of the universe in a mathematical expression, think of it like balancing colours of paint to produce a certain colour. You may have to decrease the intensity of one colour to make another colour more apparent. Also, changing the momentum results in a wider and more diffracted light beam because the momentum is tied to the direction of the light beam photons. Momentum is a vector quantity - it has direction and magnitude. The momentum would change and in turn the direction, so as to balance Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. Don't forget that the uncertainty/focus of the momentum increases when the uncertainty of the position decreases. The shape of the light on the walls is related more to the momentum as the momentum determines the destination of the light beam, remember what I mentioned about direction.
so youre telling me that i just watched a 20 minute video and didnt understand a word, and i find this 2 minute explanation and now i completely understand the concept. veritasium is the best!
Hi, doesn't the image actually gets wider because of the diffraction ? Because we did a very similar experience in science class by calculating the wavelength of the laser using the length of the image on the wall and some formulas... But our teacher says it has nothing to do with Heisenberg uncertainty principle and only illustrates the diffraction of light. We used 160nm wide holes and green lasers with a wavelength of 532nm
So Heisenberg is driving one evening and he gets pulled over by a
policeman. The policeman says 'Do you know how fast you were going?'
Heisenberg says 'No, but I know where I am.'
So Heisenberg was driving a vehicle...,
Yeah, Yeah I know the joke.
I really enjoyed the polite discourse at the end! Well done and well presented throughout. Cheers
By my guesses and partially calculated thoughts,. I believe the hiesenburg uncertainty principle can be directly related and compared to many things in life, for example, human thoughts on a given situation.. or the amount of traffic at a given junction when driving at a certain time of day, the estimated amount of fish in a river and countless other situations and circumstances..
I consider it to be a basic fact of life now.. along with the law of un-intended consequences..
Macro objects don't work that way.
What's the *cause* of the principle, though? That's something I really wanna know...
There is no cause. It's simply how the world works, in the same way that gravity pulls you down, and electrons are negatively charged
Adam Wilkinson I'm sorry... Forgive me or feeling that's not good enough. Cause and Effect is a big part of science. Why should some principles get exceptions just because we can't explain them yet?
something Because the Uncertainty principle IS the cause
the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is the cause of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Is that what you're saying?
something Kind of, I'm saying that it simply is one of the fundamental things that makes the universe work, it doesn't have a cause, in the same way that magnetic forces/attractions have no real cause when you get down to it, and as well as why you can't walk through walls.
An Awesome explanation.... Thanks for the video....
You're Goddamn Right!
this experiment seems so perfect and easy but I'm afraid every other person on this planet would have been a physicist if physics and nature were that simple......
what I mean is...nature doesn't work the way it does to NOT break OUR laws...instead we make laws to describe nature's nature! so what you said wasn't convincing enough....
I really like your videos and expect the RIGHT explanation for this so very complicated phenomenon soon....thnx! :)
this is by far the most practical way to convey the concept
It's a single slit experiment much like youngs double slit experiment. All you need is a coherent beam of light which is Laser.
If people accepted Heisenberg uncertainty principle based on this experiment, then people were/are weird.
Let me explain, before making the slit narrower, a lot of photons were going straight but a lot of them were already going to the right and left.But this was not very clear initially. Now when the slit was made narrower and narrower, the photons which were going to the right and left started bouncing of the sides of the slit and changed their momentum and started moving to the center. This increased the brightness at the center . This is why we see many more bright lines and spots appearing at the center when the slit was narrowing down. When the slit was even more narrowed down ,less number of photons passed through the slit and so the brightness decreased.Also , the photons that are now capable of passing through the slit had more chances of hitting the sides of the slit because the slits were very close enough. So now more photons were hitting the sides and changing their momentum , almost 90% of them. So they were spreading out more and so the brightness at the center decreases more and more. Of course the bouncing to such a degree that the particles bouncing from the left side are interacting with the particles bouncing from the right side and creating crest and troughs pretty far away from the center.
Its particle physics ..not an uncertainty principle. Stupid for all the people who can't think in the right way and believe everything blindly.
Wow, man. You are actually really really wrong. Let me explain why:
1) The same thing happens when "sides" are sharp, and there just no place for photons to bounce.
2) The material of the slit could be black, so photons just get absorbed instead of bouncing.
3) How would you explain experiments with black disk that creates white spot behind it? You can't!
4) What do you think happens whet you reflect a laser beam from diffraction grating? Just go and check you yourself!!!
5) What pattern would monochromatic light create if it goes through a long waveguide? Make a prediction and see for yourself what happens in OUR world!
Do you really think your primitive hypothesizes haven't been checked and disproved already???
You'd better checked yourself before calling someone stupid!
Current physics theory not only explains everything ordinary human can encounter, it is also so simple and easy that even you can understand it if you want to.
P.S. I as a physicist have rechecked every single thing while was studying, trust me, the current theory we have IS the most logical, simple and intuitive explanation! There were so much different experiments with different quantities, materials, shapes, details, so I am pretty sure I can name an experiment that can prove you wrong in any way, if your theory is simpler that quantum mechanics. Did you heard about tunneling effect? How would you think reflectionless surfaces work? With this primitive concept of bouncing photon particles so many things in this world shouldn't work, so I can't even imagine how in this universe you could come up with such an absurd idea...
Nick Pershyn 1) No matter how sharp the sides are , photon are just too small and for them the sides will mostly remain big enough.
2) Who says that all the photons are absorbed by black color. Light can only be absorbed completely in a black hole, not in a black sheet , or anything which is painted black or any material which is black.
3) Same reason as above.
4)I will check and come back
5) I will check and come back. And yes I am talking about OUR world.....where all black colors are not black holes.
Nick Pershyn Try this experiment.Take a glass of water and keep a board on the floor with a narrow slit in it.Then slowly throw the water towards the slit. The water will come out from the other side and spread itself. It will not move in a narrow straight line after coming out from the other side. Also, if the same experiment is done with a tunnel the same result will be seen... and water is seriously a group of particle , not wave... light behaves in the same way.
yash kesari water is not the same as electromagnetic waves.
Heisenberg's uncertainty Principle is applicable to both particles and waves.
I wondered how you could explain uncertainty in about 4 minutes....so, I clicked.
Yes, but..., how do i make meth?
The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle says we can't know both the position and the momentum of a quantum particle.
My question is this, if you know that a photon is going the speed of light, the momentum, then does that mean you can never know the position of the photon?
No, you can't know what direction a particle is going, you can know the momentum.
Strange, so when it comes to photons, we don't know anything about direction - even in the two slit experiment. How do we know they are going through the slit instead of around it or coming from behind?
Tom Hendricks We know they are going through the slit because we can see it and because there would be no reason for them to just suddenly go in another direction, until they passed the slit.
But they are outside of time, so they have forever to get back there. That seems logical, and mine seems silly, but they both fit the facts. And when you see, you change the outcome too don't you?
Tom Hendricks wut?
MAN i really can't stop thinking about how great you're being to the people on earth!! congratulations you are making an amazing job! you are making us THINK, something very needed these days!
A huge thank you from all of us at Brazil.
When you stop down your apature on your DSLR (f.ex) to something like f/22, you'll get less sharp images because of "diffraction" (as photography-tutorials always say).
But is this also because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?
No, it isnot. increasing the f value rather increses the sharpness.
Increasing the f value doesn't increase "sharpness", it increases depth of field, which means a larger portion of the photo is in focus.
But what +overTIMe is talking about is something different. When you stop down really far you start to get diffraction which can reduce the sharpness of your image somewhat. The effect is fairly minor though, and even at extreme crops it can be difficult to notice.
Scientist: Do you understand?
Me: Well yes, but actually no
The great Walter Lewin . You're not alone. I also have gratitude to this incredible man.
hey Dr. Muller, I'm working on a project o Quantum Physics? i have one question.
How can we find the width of slit (uncertainty in x) when uncertainty in momentum increses?
Not really an 'explanation', an explanation would be telling us why this is the case, you've only told us that this is the case with reference to an equation which is the result of observing this phenomenon.
+Dan Rowe That is the state of physics as we know it. Many members of QM have even said that they do not fully understand it...no explanations why.
Consider this experiment as pushing a baloon under water and observe how both the part above and under water grow when the other gets smaller and vice-versa.
There's no magic going on neither you think of asking why it happens, because the question wouldn't make sense.
*narrowing the slit is li ke pushing the baloon down
Heisenberg's relation is not empirical: it can be derived without too much difficulty once you know some Fourier analysis, but that would require a much longer video :) I think the point was to explain what it is, rather than why it is.
Dan Rowe the equation is predictive... it works before you set up any test... and no math is a result of observation... but I'd be amazed if you could show us how to make that work... it'd save a lot if time.
Love your energy when explaining this concept in your video.
hi what is the difference between this and diffraction. are they both the same?
the uncertainty principle causes diffraction, it also applies to other things tho
SkizzlePiano oh i see thank you
In no way does the uncertainty principle cause diffraction. Diffraction is a wave behaviour. Uncertainty is just uncertainty and in quantum mechanics it is about the failure of operator to commute; or more precisely about the fact that no quantum mechanical state can have shared eigenstates (of definite value for some operator) for two operators which do not commute. So the lower limit of the uncertainty is proportional to the expectation value of the commutator.
Mikael Jensen, No it's that particles have wave behavior. And it's simply due to Fourier transforming a matter wave.
this dude does not explain the reason
Why do universe need maximum cosmic speed limit (speed of light/causality)?
Why it has to be finite speed?
Why is that mass and energy related to each other?
Why matter is not infinitely divisible?
🤔
@@Д.Түвшинбаяр Regarding instantaneous speed..... check out quantum entanglement and quantum eraser topics
Yeah he don't, Imma look another video for that, cool explanation though
It's because we can't explain reason....
👏 thank you
Awesome!! You made this so easy to understand. I've always hated working with formulas. You've ignited my interest again!
So basically it's like water through a hose the smaller the hole the more it's sprays/mists because it's being forced through a smaller space.
J Lann exactly.
Nothing like that :p
I was thinking about this same analogy. But then, how can it relate to the uncertainty principle in which the h value is very small 1 divided by 1 followed by 34 zeros?
This didn't explain why the uncertainties exist.
Uncertainty exists,becuz everything in our universe have properties of both wave,and particle.
Simplest explanation.
Hey Derek love physics, but this is the simplest and concise best explanation of the uncertainity principle so far , I have watched a lot of your videos love 'em, i am a big fan and will always be, I especially liked the recent one the car which goes faster than the wind.
this may be explained through diffraction also
??
Yeah
Because it IS diffraction. This happens because particles have a wave-particle duality. When the slit becomes smaller than the particle's wavelength, you decrease the uncertainity in position, but the uncertainity in momentum goes up.
Isnt this just diffraction?
No, diffraction decomposes white light into Its components.
Actually the decomposition of white light into colors is due to refraction being different for the different colors, something completely different from diffraction.
Diffraction is very closely related to Heinsenberg's uncertainty principle, but it also adds the concept of interference.
Again: very good explanation. Makes deeper sense!
it's like a conservation of probability...
Aldurnamiyanrandvora that's a pretty good analogy... and if we looked on probability as a property of the universe, a thing, then its valid... but is probability a property of the universe?... or would it work in all conceivable universes everywhere... ?
how would you determine this?
nit knocking your analogy... just asking.
No idea. It was more me trying to wrap my head around it. I'm an English major and so this is a very foreign field for me. If I were to try and defend my analogy, I would guess that probability is a very fundamental part of this universe. I don't have the knowledge to think about other universes though.
i came here to learn to cook blue meth damn it
Thank you for this video, it is really pedagogical and illustrative. This uncertainty principle is hard to explain but you did well. Thank you once more.
Anyone from Arjuna ?
you are merely showing diffraction of light.. what has uncertainty principle got to do with it?
shashank raghunath It's more than just light. Any particle small enough to be noticeably influenced by this will be. We see this same effect when firing alpha particles as well.
So I guess this means all small particles travel in waves?
+Steven Wang that's the conclusion debroigle reached: what if all particles have a wavelegth, because symmetry. it's a really beautiful conclusion in my opinion
+shashank raghunath The is *no* change in medium (eg: air to glass prism) to cause refraction. Also refraction moves the refracted frequency in one direction. The result here was in *both* directions.
+shashank raghunath The diffraction of light is a special case of the uncertainty principle. You can explain the effect purely classical, but it's a good example where we see that the HUP isn't violated.
It's the same as if I'd make a video how milk diffuses in coffee and say it's a demonstration of the second law of thermodynamics, and you'd comment "you are merely showing random motion of molecules in liquid ... what has entropy got to do with it?"
What an enthusiasm is teaching! well done
BREAKING BAD REFRENCE IN UA-camR
I came here hoping to find out how to make meth and all I get is a physics video!
Wrong example. Nothing to do with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. All we see is the wave function coming into being. No momentum uncertainty..
Thank you so much for making an accurate description of the effect, i hate it when well known channels confuse it with the observer effect
Heizenberg's uncertainy principle is stupid and wrong. If i almost close my eyes I don't have a wider plane of vision.
(just kidding)
i think u have a point
Try one experiment. close one eye and look at your laptop screen with the other eye. Now slowly close this eye as well.. What do you observe... when are eyes are quenched , the light coming from the laptop screen expands in the top and bottom direction. Do this in a dark room...I guess Heisenberg works here as well
Say my name
What a good promotion for Breaking Bad😍😍😍 it doesn't even feel like a comercial
yeah it was an excellent explanation but wait.... photons are not conscious , it seems like they saw the decreasing slit width and they discussed among themselves that yes now its time to split....
Yaman Sanghavi that's where the wave nature of light comes into play sir. A strong suggestion from my side would be to watch a good video regarding single slit diffraction. You'll enjoy this video much more. Cheers!
Wait, is this a breaking bad reference?
Love you Walter Lewin sir 🤩🤩
WATCH THE WHOLE DAMN VIDEO BEFORE YOU COMMENT THAT IT IS DIFFRACTION.
I hate Veritasium. His videos are usually pompous and uninformative. I feel like he just wants to show off because I never get anything, really, out of his videos.
I know, unpopular opinion, but that's how I feel.
Heisenberg *"you're goddamn right"*, especially if you are looking for the essence of the problem
@@ozymandias3617 Are you agreeing with me? Is this some kind of a joke? I don't get it, sorry...
@@ivelsoup Fully agree with you
I see your point. Quantum mechanic is a difficult subject. I will not pretend that I understand it beyond the most basic of basics. In general though if you are trying to learn a concept you are better off reading it from a well known published paper or some sort of academic text like a journal or textbook. The information is more likely to be accurate and less likely to include unnecessary metaphors and oversimplifications.
Ottomicron is the Heidelberg principle too because I me even more principle to a constant
sorry but i wouldnt call that an explanation...
(that doesnt mean i dont like the video)
Wendover?
lol yep
yes still didnt get it
Bro made rules for light to follow "i mustn't let his theory fail"
i only clicked because of breaking bad lol
Well now you know the premise of quantum physics. Nerd.
ok?
It was a light hearted joke ;)
Wonderfully explained! Keep up the great work!
Soon I'm gonna receive a video where Derek hasn't started walking. As time goes, I receive his videos in my recommended views further and further away from today: it started with 1, 2 yrs ago. This is 6 yrs old. It's all right with me. Except for the irritating "ain't I great?" coolness factor, those are amazingly well -prepared shows.
I'm a visual learner, so I liked the video graphics you have, much better way for me to learn. Dr. Dorian Canelas at Duke Univ has a link to you from the Intro to Chem course on Coursera. Glad she gave us student this link!