There's an actual Pleistocene Park located in Russia. Its purpose is to introduced lots of large animals into an area and recreate the ancient mammoth steppe ecosystem.
Anirudh Shanbhag not really, the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park are not real dinosaurs. They are mixed with modern animal DNA. Dr. Wu even says real dinosaurs would look differently in Jurassic World.
Most Jurassic Park animals were actually from the Cretaceous. I guess in the same way, many Miocene Park attractions would actually be from the Pliocene ;-)
It took me a couple of weeks, but finally I caught up to the channel! I'm up to date with the videos and it was way worth it. This is without question, the best UA-cam channel ever!
Don't forget though, that each individual cell contains DNA in it's nucleus & a single organism (such as your preserved Dino-weevil) may have tens of millions (or billions in a larger specimen) of cells available for scientists to extract DNA from. To use your analogy: Though a single copy of the genomic book of an organisms DNA may be fragmented into short paragraphs, sentences & even words, you will have thousands of viable copies of that book to sift through, and significantly each book's DNA sequences may be fragmented in a slightly different way, allowing for comparison between copies of books. While it's still a profoundly difficult process, that may be out of out reach for the time being, we can be certain it won't be impossible forever. (With newer AI technologies on the horizon, perhaps not even more than a few decades!) ~ ~ ~ Though having resurrected dinosaurs (T-Rex!) would be bloody awesome, I'm personally waiting for the revivification of that wonderfully unique Aussie creature, the Tassie Tiger (or Thylacine). A classic example of convergent evolution, it resembled both Northern hemisphere Canids, the fox (Vulpes) & the wolf (Lupo), but was in actuality a marsupial, pouch & all. Nicknamed the Tassie Tiger from it's last known wild habitat (the island of Tasmania) & the distinctive pattern of dark stripes across it's lower back & tail, it officially became extinct back in 1934 (after settlers misguided efforts to eradicate them became successful). For the past 20 years a concerted effort to bring the Thylacine back to life, using genetic material extracted from museum specimens (located all 'round the globe), has made massive strides & may actually show results within the next few years.
What about DNA blown out into space? It has happened before and who knows there might even be some chunks of dinosaurs floating around out there, but there's definitely got to be bacteria out there. How long would stuff like that last? This is one of the best videos to date, great stuff!
I mean I'm not saying its outside of realm of possibility. But given the only event capable of shooting terrestrial rocks in to space is metor impacts, and they would have to be incredibly large. I would say its unlikely we would ever find any intact bacteria or DNA in space. Just too unlikely to any of it to make it up there let alone survive direct radiation from the sun
I was thinking mostly of the asteroid that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. It had to blast tons of dinosaur flesh into space. I'm wondering if any of it could be anything interesting after 65 million years in space.
What about a video that describes the larger extinct portions of the Tree of Life? Entire orders or even classes that just don’t exist anymore. Just a way to show how few types still exist when compared to the rest of time.
Background extinction rate is around 1-5 a year. So multiply that by every year there ever was and then add mass extinctions where up to 96% of all species died and it really is a tiny fraction. Like Dawkins said, there are a lot more ways to be dead, than there are to be alive.(referring to DNA)
the evolution of carnivorous plants would be fascinating. I know a bit how they exist now and the modern benefit to their ecosystems but what happened for plants to evolve digestive enzymes and, for some, trapping mechanisms? What do we know about the ancestor plants? Talk about any, nepenthes, drosera, sarracenia, fly traps, and others please
Reverse engineering is the key. By switching on and off genes in chicken embryos, scientists have grown tails and teeth in early stages. So... a Chicken Rex would be pretty cool
The evolution of that whole order hymenoptera would be fascinating non parasitic descendants of parasitic insects tied up to the evolution of pollination. As for Eusocial behavior interestingly it seems to have evolved many time within hymenoptera somewhere between 8 and 11 times
Science Marches On. I still love the Jurassic Park novel though. You can tell the author did his research. As mentioned it was state of the art for the time,but as mentioned Science marches on. One of the things I liked about is how it pointed how little you can about behavior from fossils. We try to make our best guess based on bones and, footprints and so on but it's so little compared to a living animal. I thin that's why extinct animals fascinate us so much because there's so much we don't know. Like wise when he took liberties on the animals behavior and biology I like how most of it was based on parts that don't easily fossilize. So on one hand obviously there was no evidence for it, and it was OBVIOUS artistic license but he also took care not to contradict the existing evidence at the time as well when he made stuff up. I found that an interesting way to do things.
I just wish we got to see the River Boat on screen. I know they based the one scene in JPIII off it, but in the novel, the riverboat scene was absolute terror. Not to mention the Waterfall scene. Chills all night from those scenes...
That would be fantastic!!!!!!!! I think it gets really interesting in the Devonian when you have a whole bunch of proto-spider ancestors and spider-like relatives like trigonotarbids.
Don't forget the DNA obtained from subfossils of glyptodonts, which proved they were actually nestled within the armadillo group, and various south american hooved mammals, which proved that not only were they monophyletic but also that they were closely related to the odd-toed ungulates.
@@heanstone1327 Basically, we found remains of some extinct south american animals that still had enough genetic information for basic molecular testing. Glyptodonts were large herbivorous animals with giant shells, like an armadillo's but inflexible. They were previously believed to only be related to the armadillos, but the tests proved that they actually were armadillos themselves. South America once had a large and diverse assortment of hooved mammals, from the rhino-like mixotoxodon to the rabbit-like pachyrukhos. However, most of them went extinct 3 million years ago when the isthmus of Panama formed, connecting the Americas and introducing other animals that out-competed most of them. The remaining ones, mainly larger forms like toxodon, went extinct 10,000 years ago when humans entered the scene and hunted them to extinction. Because we never had any actual DNA to work with, figuring out which groups they're related to and even how they're related to eachother has been extremely difficult. There were even doubts that they were closely related to eachother at all. We knew for sure that they were placental mammals, but that's about all we were sure of. Until we found several remains of mixotoxodon and the camel-like macrauchenia buried in caves previously inhabited by humans. The testing showed us that they were closely related to eachother and finally solved where they belong on the family tree: next to Perissodactyls/odd-toed ungulates (modern-day horses, rhinos, and tapirs).
would you ever do a video covering the evolution of certain soft tissues, such as ears or cheeks, lips, even tongues? I was wondering a few days ago about which dinosaurs had cheeks, and how we know. I have seen some recreations of T-rex with lips covering its sharp teeth and I wonder how accurate that is.Thanks!
@@shersockholmes6261 There are reptiles with both cheeks and lips, but regardless consider that birds are the most closely related living animal to dinosaurs and they don't even have teeth. You wouldn't conclude from that that dinosaurs didn't have teeth
Her: *explaining how powerful and amazing PCR is* Me, a geneticist : *cries looking at my failed PCR for no reason * Scientists everywhere, looking at their PCR machine: *heavy sigh* " here goes nothing..." PCR is a b*tch, but one you can't live without
Omg can’t believe I only now found this channel! I’m a second year geology and paleontology student so all these video’s are right up my street :D nice work! My professor told me briefly things about decaying dna and the readable limit already, but this goes way more detailed, thanks. Earned a sub!
Hi Eons! Great vid! There is some older DNA that has been sequenced though. Partial DNA has been sequenced from Magnolia and Persea from the Miocene of Idaho (Kim et al. 2004).
"bone DNA better preserved in permafrost than previously thought, possibly storing readable pieces for up to a million years" another reason to stop global warming All this information really definitely helps people who wants to become paleontologists, keep up the good work
Global temperature increase melts the ice , and makes such fossils much easier to access. I would argue in many if not 90% of cases, such fossils would never be discovered if it wasnt for the ice melting and exhuming such fossils
Given that you mentioned one of PCR's biggest draw back - ease of contamination. The implications of that can create some issues in how we conduct forensics. And requires a great deal of care - when using it. More reason to build cases around multiple, different kinds of evidence rather than banking on just one element in the investigation. (Which also applies to how we research paleontology/archeology, too!)
I'm confused about the process of preservation I guess. I thought that fossilization was the process of replacing every organic molecule with an inorganic molecule, i.e. mineral, turning the organism to stone. So I don't see how we could ever have "fossilized DNA". Seems like it may be possible in a case of partial fossilization but would only be possible in most cases for other types of preservation, mummification, freezing, sealing in amber, etc. Has actual organic DNA been found inside mineralized bones? Can anyone clarify?
Yes I think you're right on all counts. That lack of specificity is what makes it confusing. Though no one would be looking for DNA from trace fossils. I wish the Eontologists here would clarify.
Makes me wonder, with Moore's Law in mind, if we might one day be able to reverse engineer ancient DNA from a sufficiently large sample of the proteins it was coded to create.
Moore's law has already failed, at least for now. And... I don't know, it seems to me that that would create DNA of limited usefullness. It wouldn't have any junk DNA to do molecular archaeology on, and... I don't know how it could ever be complete.
Now I haven't done nay research in the article but I read a article they said that scientists plan to have dinosaurs brought back to life between right this second and 2025 again, IDK how accurate/true this is but it's definitely something that would be really cool if it happened Edit: Now I'm not going against you guys I love the channel, but, didn't we make a sort of dinosaur chicken hybrid that died not to long after birth? That might be wrong too XD
This channel is EVERYTHING I ever wanted. I love anything to do with prehistoric life, but especially pre-Triassic and it’s rather hard to find engaging material for it. Anyway, I’d LOVE an episode on anomalocaridids and/or lobopods, or something perhaps on the Snowball Earth hypothesis. Thanks for the amazing content!
this channel is perfect! quality and interesting content, great format and watchability, and flawless information. thanks for making this a thing, i loved this video!
In this episode there is one of the things I love about this series and the narrators: a reasonable open-mindedness that allows for a scientifically appropriate balanced skepticism not found so often in science minded folks; the type I call "science dogmatists" who arrogantly believe that currently accepted science is set in stone and cannot be questioned, which ironically demonstrates a lack of understanding of how science works in the first place. Thank you to the Eons team for great content and interesting delivery that often leaves you thinking about what the future will bring. Keep up the great work!
Wow, I did a report on something like this for my Molecular Biology class, and every method you mentioned was something I had thought to include in my paper! It’s super cool to see something from my college classroom in a video like this!
there are a few errors in the illustrations here. half the animation for the pcr is the wrong way around. dna polymerase only works in one direction and the two strands are antiparallel. also there's an agarose gel in the picture of uv light. in this context the uv light is used to detect dna, not to destroy it.
I’m sure you’re correct but I don’t think many of the people watching this video could recognise the difference or care anyway. It’s not like this is research material. Most people are here for the basic explanation.
Not to mention the "velociraptor" they showed, which is a fantasy depiction of an animal that didn't exist cuz real velociraptors looked like this: vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/dinosaurs/images/e/ee/Fred_Wierum_Velociraptor.png/revision/latest?cb=20180128015855
Dear Mr. / Ms. ZEI .. Please don't patronise those who may not have had access to doctorate-level education, but, nevertheless, have the IQ to understand it when presented to them. I therefore thank 'tru7hhimself' for his adjunct to this most interesting presentation, and would advise that that, surely, is what 'UA-cam' is about; it is interactive, so those who might wish to know more, in more detail, can, whilst those patronising individuals, such as, it would seem, yourself, who chose to carelessly insult them, (with comments such as ..'most people are here for the basic explanation ..'), might consider exercising a little more courtesy; I'm English .. you aren't American, by any chance, are you ? .. Regards Chris Swann, Bovey Tracey, Devon, South-West England.
Thanks! DNA decay is one of the reasons you cant simply put people into long-term hibernation for space travel. You'd actually have to wake them up periodically, to literally let their bodies repair & rejuvenate before putting them back to sleep. Rikki Tikki.
Great stuff as always! Could you talk about how old hive insects like ants, bees, and termites are? How did they evolve? Did there ever exist any super weird ones that we wouldn't recognize today?
That's a big and unlikely maybe. She said the oldest partial dna we have been able to sequence was a little over 6 million years old. Last non avian dinosaur died out a little over 60 million years ago! We'd have a better chance changing chicken hip, leg bones and extending their tail to resemble extinct theropods.
Best science channel on UA-cam. Always great videos. Presenters are always great and enthusiastic about what they're doing. I've learned more about our past from this channel, then I ever did in school.
Depurination means that its impossible to reconstruct a living dinosaur from the Jurassic Period with DNA preserved in amber like in the movie Jurassic Park...at least with 1990s technology. ...the genetic engineering technology in Jurassic Park is kind of like Jeff Goldblum creating teleporters turned gene splicers with 1980s technology in the 1986 film, The Fly...he would have needed much better computers and knowledge of quantum mechanics then they had back then. Both of these films explore interesting and cutting edge technologies but should have realistically taken place 50-100 years later so that humans would the prerequisite knowledge and computational power necessary to realistically accomplish such things. Jurassic Park is almost like Jules Verne imagining a cannon that would launch people to the moon in the 1800s...then again, that is kind of what a mass driver does... ...advances in computer gene sequencing may make something like Jurassic Park a real possibility by the mid to late 21st century.
As much as I'd love it, one shouldn't be too optimistic, because this isn't entirely up to the state of technology. Even with a perfect statistical analysis / probabilistic modeling, you can only reconstruct so much. Imagine the DNA was degraded to the point of only single or double nulceotides, the relevant sequence information would be entirely lost. I.e., if you were to do a probabilistic model of all possible sequences, they'd be uniformly distributed. If the pieces are a bit longer, that just slowly changes to have some clusters of sequences slightly more likely than others. Now, I don't know how far degraded it actually is. Better probabilistic modeling in the future can get us a sharper picture of dinosaur genomes than we have right now, but there is a limit to this, some amount of noise in the picture that we cannot eliminate regardless how hard we try to resharpen. Some information is irretrievably out of reach.
So is Dino Dna not too far out there or is it too far cuz life always finds a way and I have a mosasaurus tooth and uh it’s still in the rock and well part of the jaw is there
Sadly, it's largely a mystery since bat skeletons are fairly frail and rarely fossilize. There is also some controversy in bat phylogeny, so really it's all a big mess. Although they are really cool.
@@somedude140 All the more reason to do a video on it. The competing theories, evidence for and against each, etc. They've do it with other controversial/uncertain things on this channel.
Welcome...
...to the Miocene Park.
There's an actual Pleistocene Park located in Russia. Its purpose is to introduced lots of large animals into an area and recreate the ancient mammoth steppe ecosystem.
_Mammoth trumpets majesticly_
@nihil1 That would be just Miocene Park. Not the Miocene Park.
Anirudh Shanbhag not really, the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park are not real dinosaurs. They are mixed with modern animal DNA. Dr. Wu even says real dinosaurs would look differently in Jurassic World.
Most Jurassic Park animals were actually from the Cretaceous. I guess in the same way, many Miocene Park attractions would actually be from the Pliocene ;-)
It took me a couple of weeks, but finally I caught up to the channel! I'm up to date with the videos and it was way worth it. This is without question, the best UA-cam channel ever!
I LOVE this episode. This was my undergrad dissertation! (10 years ago, and I was technically studying foresnsics but yup, this was it) Good times 😊
Nonono you put that DNA back where you got it from! Have you seen ANY Jurassic Park movies?!
Thanks for the info lady, all of these are great!
what have you been thinking about, there are many insects found in my country Indonesia.
This is better than school
Don't forget though, that each individual cell contains DNA in it's nucleus & a single organism (such as your preserved Dino-weevil) may have tens of millions (or billions in a larger specimen) of cells available for scientists to extract DNA from.
To use your analogy: Though a single copy of the genomic book of an organisms DNA may be fragmented into short paragraphs, sentences & even words, you will have thousands of viable copies of that book to sift through, and significantly each book's DNA sequences may be fragmented in a slightly different way, allowing for comparison between copies of books. While it's still a profoundly difficult process, that may be out of out reach for the time being, we can be certain it won't be impossible forever. (With newer AI technologies on the horizon, perhaps not even more than a few decades!)
~ ~ ~
Though having resurrected dinosaurs (T-Rex!) would be bloody awesome, I'm personally waiting for the revivification of that wonderfully unique Aussie creature, the Tassie Tiger (or Thylacine). A classic example of convergent evolution, it resembled both Northern hemisphere Canids, the fox (Vulpes) & the wolf (Lupo), but was in actuality a marsupial, pouch & all.
Nicknamed the Tassie Tiger from it's last known wild habitat (the island of Tasmania) & the distinctive pattern of dark stripes across it's lower back & tail, it officially became extinct back in 1934 (after settlers misguided efforts to eradicate them became successful).
For the past 20 years a concerted effort to bring the Thylacine back to life, using genetic material extracted from museum specimens (located all 'round the globe), has made massive strides & may actually show results within the next few years.
Can't wait for creation designers to be regulated and become an biology discipline.
What about DNA blown out into space?
It has happened before and who knows there might even be some chunks of dinosaurs floating around out there, but there's definitely got to be bacteria out there. How long would stuff like that last?
This is one of the best videos to date, great stuff!
I mean I'm not saying its outside of realm of possibility. But given the only event capable of shooting terrestrial rocks in to space is metor impacts, and they would have to be incredibly large. I would say its unlikely we would ever find any intact bacteria or DNA in space. Just too unlikely to any of it to make it up there let alone survive direct radiation from the sun
I was thinking mostly of the asteroid that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. It had to blast tons of dinosaur flesh into space. I'm wondering if any of it could be anything interesting after 65 million years in space.
We need to find a dinosaur caught in amber
Woah! There are so many cryptozoology videos about the mumufied moa claw. Haha. Funny.
A elephant bird, a kiwi, and a weevil walk into a bar ..
Please make a giant triceratops
This channel reminds me why I wanted to be a paleontologist as a child, thanks for indulging this long lost love of mine!
But get a man to narrate it. A woman just won't cut it.
@@seanleith5312 oh really? Could you explain why?
@@lemon-vy3mj it’s sexism innit
@@seanleith5312 That's funny because I enjoy her narration more than the other guy. She sounds like the teacher you wish you have in school imo
@@seanleith5312 theres a bit of text in your sexism
"Hm, this weevil seems to have blue eyes, be half Scandinavian, unable to smell asparagus pee, and have unattached earlobes."
Lol
Janis Cortese
You could just have said scandinavian, the rest is redundant
Lol this killed me
It's also more likely to consume more caffeine than most weevils and has "sprinter-type" actin in its muscle fibers.
Hah! I... don't get it
the music made me suspect that there was a submarine in my room.
LOOOOOL hahahahahahahahaha
That was me. It was my time machine, apologies for the intrusion.
hmm... you know something, it did the same thing to me.
Lol
Ha that chord or whatever it was reminded me of Complicated by Avril Lavigne. I was waiting for the "uh huh, life's like that"
What about a video that describes the larger extinct portions of the Tree of Life? Entire orders or even classes that just don’t exist anymore. Just a way to show how few types still exist when compared to the rest of time.
Background extinction rate is around 1-5 a year. So multiply that by every year there ever was and then add mass extinctions where up to 96% of all species died and it really is a tiny fraction. Like Dawkins said, there are a lot more ways to be dead, than there are to be alive.(referring to DNA)
I think SciShow already made a video on Tree of Life or maybe It was about Top 6 lone species in their genome.
Life finds a way...
Probably with the aid of quantum computing, once we successfully develop that technology. ;)
And wen we do im going to make my screte project
I just saw Jurrasic Park in Theatres Sep 26, 2020!! 10:57 PM
Jurassic park
You forgot the uh
the evolution of carnivorous plants would be fascinating. I know a bit how they exist now and the modern benefit to their ecosystems but what happened for plants to evolve digestive enzymes and, for some, trapping mechanisms? What do we know about the ancestor plants? Talk about any, nepenthes, drosera, sarracenia, fly traps, and others please
+
It happened many times independently.
Excellent idea
Jurassic Garden?
It would also be interesting to know how some orchids evolved pollen traps.
So no dinosaurs? I'm going to cry.
*throws phone*
*curb stomps skate board *
...yet
Reverse engineering is the key. By switching on and off genes in chicken embryos, scientists have grown tails and teeth in early stages.
So... a Chicken Rex would be pretty cool
but we already have dinosaurs at home
i mean, birds
They could've been only walking skeletons
Your endless enthusiasm to the topics covered in this channel is contagious
The evolution of ants from wasps would be awesome! Showing when and where social constructs started to take place
The evolution of that whole order hymenoptera would be fascinating non parasitic descendants of parasitic insects tied up to the evolution of pollination. As for Eusocial behavior interestingly it seems to have evolved many time within hymenoptera somewhere between 8 and 11 times
@@Dragrath1 and i mean sociality is kinda throughout the entirety of hymnoptera. So where would that have started and maybe why
Species is a social construct. Get with the times.
Ants are was- You know what, okay.
ants arent real, they are just a social construct
I love how towards the end she gives consolation “Don’t be sad, maybe we can do Jurassic Park in the future.”
Pseudo science 🤷🏻♂️
@@Aiel-Necromancer
What are you talking about ?
Science Marches On. I still love the Jurassic Park novel though. You can tell the author did his research. As mentioned it was state of the art for the time,but as mentioned Science marches on. One of the things I liked about is how it pointed how little you can about behavior from fossils. We try to make our best guess based on bones and, footprints and so on but it's so little compared to a living animal. I thin that's why extinct animals fascinate us so much because there's so much we don't know. Like wise when he took liberties on the animals behavior and biology I like how most of it was based on parts that don't easily fossilize. So on one hand obviously there was no evidence for it, and it was OBVIOUS artistic license but he also took care not to contradict the existing evidence at the time as well when he made stuff up. I found that an interesting way to do things.
So true! Could you imagine an elephant's trunk, or a human gymnast or contortionist? There is so much out there!
_Jurassic Park_ is the only book to give me nightmares.
I just wish we got to see the River Boat on screen. I know they based the one scene in JPIII off it, but in the novel, the riverboat scene was absolute terror. Not to mention the Waterfall scene. Chills all night from those scenes...
She did her research ?
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
"....and Steve."
Gets me every time!
😂 (IDK I find it funny, how you hosts say his name)
Steeeev
His name is gorak
Also known as "the last"
That dumb minor he plays Minecraft a lot
Sauce
A video about the evolution of spiders please.
Jose C. Would be perfect for Halloween
Jose C. The devil lol
Jose C. How about generalizing to Arthropoda? Or a separate video on insects and non-insect Arthropoda?
All my yes!
That would be fantastic!!!!!!!! I think it gets really interesting in the Devonian when you have a whole bunch of proto-spider ancestors and spider-like relatives like trigonotarbids.
PBS Eons may well be one of the best channels on youtube. Thank you.
I’ve been binge watching all of these short episodes and I’m in love
Don't forget the DNA obtained from subfossils of glyptodonts, which proved they were actually nestled within the armadillo group, and various south american hooved mammals, which proved that not only were they monophyletic but also that they were closely related to the odd-toed ungulates.
Christian Schiller whut
@@heanstone1327 Basically, we found remains of some extinct south american animals that still had enough genetic information for basic molecular testing.
Glyptodonts were large herbivorous animals with giant shells, like an armadillo's but inflexible. They were previously believed to only be related to the armadillos, but the tests proved that they actually were armadillos themselves.
South America once had a large and diverse assortment of hooved mammals, from the rhino-like mixotoxodon to the rabbit-like pachyrukhos. However, most of them went extinct 3 million years ago when the isthmus of Panama formed, connecting the Americas and introducing other animals that out-competed most of them. The remaining ones, mainly larger forms like toxodon, went extinct 10,000 years ago when humans entered the scene and hunted them to extinction.
Because we never had any actual DNA to work with, figuring out which groups they're related to and even how they're related to eachother has been extremely difficult. There were even doubts that they were closely related to eachother at all. We knew for sure that they were placental mammals, but that's about all we were sure of. Until we found several remains of mixotoxodon and the camel-like macrauchenia buried in caves previously inhabited by humans. The testing showed us that they were closely related to eachother and finally solved where they belong on the family tree: next to Perissodactyls/odd-toed ungulates (modern-day horses, rhinos, and tapirs).
Seems to me to be all variations of the same kind.
would you ever do a video covering the evolution of certain soft tissues, such as ears or cheeks, lips, even tongues? I was wondering a few days ago about which dinosaurs had cheeks, and how we know. I have seen some recreations of T-rex with lips covering its sharp teeth and I wonder how accurate that is.Thanks!
They were reptiles tho , just like reptiles now don't have cheeks or lips , I doubt they did either. Cheeks and lips can be found in primates tho.
@@shersockholmes6261 There are reptiles with both cheeks and lips, but regardless consider that birds are the most closely related living animal to dinosaurs and they don't even have teeth. You wouldn't conclude from that that dinosaurs didn't have teeth
Her: *explaining how powerful and amazing PCR is*
Me, a geneticist : *cries looking at my failed PCR for no reason *
Scientists everywhere, looking at their PCR machine: *heavy sigh* " here goes nothing..."
PCR is a b*tch, but one you can't live without
mr dna lied
Omg can’t believe I only now found this channel!
I’m a second year geology and paleontology student so all these video’s are right up my street :D nice work!
My professor told me briefly things about decaying dna and the readable limit already, but this goes way more detailed, thanks. Earned a sub!
Half life huh ? Grab your crowbar everybody
🔨⛏️i only have this 😅
Half life 3 confirmed
Rise and shine, Mister Freeman... rise... and shine.
Whach for those HEAD CRABS
I miss that game
She's my favorite. Lovely voice
Mine too.😊
same!
mine is physicist :)
Not to mention lovely thighs..😁
I knew if I looked, I would find comments on this young lady's physical looks... Not that I'm complaining mind you.
Woah, that Moa claw (2:09) reminds me of a Deathclaw from Fallout.
And so it began
Nerd
Great video, great information, great presentation, great presenter, everything top-notch.
Critical Point agreed!!!
Yes, EONS is awesome!
(Top-notch = Great ×4)
This channel is the best ever. I’m so addicted to it
Hi Eons! Great vid! There is some older DNA that has been sequenced though. Partial DNA has been sequenced from Magnolia and Persea from the Miocene of Idaho (Kim et al. 2004).
"bone DNA better preserved in permafrost than previously thought, possibly storing readable pieces for up to a million years"
another reason to stop global warming
All this information really definitely helps people who wants to become paleontologists, keep up the good work
Global temperature increase melts the ice , and makes such fossils much easier to access. I would argue in many if not 90% of cases, such fossils would never be discovered if it wasnt for the ice melting and exhuming such fossils
Love me some socialized TV. Best thing on UA-cam right now. Can't believe I didn't know about these.
remember the guy that wanted a vid about evolution of blood?
Contamination is a huge problem.
Yes but No.
Nope but Hell yah.
That how science answer your question!
Given that you mentioned one of PCR's biggest draw back - ease of contamination. The implications of that can create some issues in how we conduct forensics. And requires a great deal of care - when using it.
More reason to build cases around multiple, different kinds of evidence rather than banking on just one element in the investigation.
(Which also applies to how we research paleontology/archeology, too!)
They’re already bringing extinct animals back to life in 2020 they’ll be bringing mammoths 🐘 back👍🏻
Credits should go to the script writer on this one, well done.
What I learned: thanks to my dna, i will continue to degrade for millions of years after i die
Can you please talk about dating of rocks for example how old sediment is.
I wouldn't recommend dating a rock. I got nothing but a stone-faced look all night the last time I tried.
This video is really cool keep up the awesome videos
I'm confused about the process of preservation I guess. I thought that fossilization was the process of replacing every organic molecule with an inorganic molecule, i.e. mineral, turning the organism to stone. So I don't see how we could ever have "fossilized DNA". Seems like it may be possible in a case of partial fossilization but would only be possible in most cases for other types of preservation, mummification, freezing, sealing in amber, etc. Has actual organic DNA been found inside mineralized bones? Can anyone clarify?
Yes I think you're right on all counts. That lack of specificity is what makes it confusing. Though no one would be looking for DNA from trace fossils. I wish the Eontologists here would clarify.
Makes me wonder, with Moore's Law in mind, if we might one day be able to reverse engineer ancient DNA from a sufficiently large sample of the proteins it was coded to create.
Moore's law has already failed, at least for now. And... I don't know, it seems to me that that would create DNA of limited usefullness. It wouldn't have any junk DNA to do molecular archaeology on, and... I don't know how it could ever be complete.
Well be in the end-times at that point.
waiting the day i get to see a live mammoth
Wonder how many times she said "DNA" (I'm too lazy to count, guess you could say it's in my DNA:). Great video and narration btw
Imagine finding a dinosaur stuck in amber.😁
great video. love the intersection of fossils and genetics. i would love to see a vid about indricotheres.
Now I haven't done nay research in the article but I read a article they said that scientists plan to have dinosaurs brought back to life between right this second and 2025 again, IDK how accurate/true this is but it's definitely something that would be really cool if it happened
Edit: Now I'm not going against you guys I love the channel, but, didn't we make a sort of dinosaur chicken hybrid that died not to long after birth? That might be wrong too XD
Love it! Video request: can we get something on convergent evolution (and maybe some surprising examples of cool features that evolved independently)?
This channel is EVERYTHING I ever wanted. I love anything to do with prehistoric life, but especially pre-Triassic and it’s rather hard to find engaging material for it. Anyway, I’d LOVE an episode on anomalocaridids and/or lobopods, or something perhaps on the Snowball Earth hypothesis. Thanks for the amazing content!
I'm happy to know more about DNA survivability! Next best thing to a time machine!
this channel is perfect! quality and interesting content, great format and watchability, and flawless information. thanks for making this a thing, i loved this video!
Please make a video on fossils found in antartica, did we found pre cambrian fossils from there? please do a full episode on life on Antarctica.
Anybody here after the news of the hypacrosaur chromosomes found in cartilage cells?
In this episode there is one of the things I love about this series and the narrators: a reasonable open-mindedness that allows for a scientifically appropriate balanced skepticism not found so often in science minded folks; the type I call "science dogmatists" who arrogantly believe that currently accepted science is set in stone and cannot be questioned, which ironically demonstrates a lack of understanding of how science works in the first place. Thank you to the Eons team for great content and interesting delivery that often leaves you thinking about what the future will bring. Keep up the great work!
You guys need to clone a Tasmanian Thylacine! It only went extinct like 100 years ago! Now get to it!
Bonus points for cloned gryphons!
Wow, I did a report on something like this for my Molecular Biology class, and every method you mentioned was something I had thought to include in my paper! It’s super cool to see something from my college classroom in a video like this!
Great show, awesome hosts!
You rock, Kallie!!
there are a few errors in the illustrations here. half the animation for the pcr is the wrong way around. dna polymerase only works in one direction and the two strands are antiparallel. also there's an agarose gel in the picture of uv light. in this context the uv light is used to detect dna, not to destroy it.
I’m sure you’re correct but I don’t think many of the people watching this video could recognise the difference or care anyway. It’s not like this is research material.
Most people are here for the basic explanation.
Not to mention the "velociraptor" they showed, which is a fantasy depiction of an animal that didn't exist cuz real velociraptors looked like this: vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/dinosaurs/images/e/ee/Fred_Wierum_Velociraptor.png/revision/latest?cb=20180128015855
Dear Mr. / Ms. ZEI .. Please don't patronise those who may not have had access to doctorate-level education, but, nevertheless, have the IQ to understand it when presented to them. I therefore thank 'tru7hhimself' for his adjunct to this most interesting presentation, and would advise that that, surely, is what 'UA-cam' is about; it is interactive, so those who might wish to know more, in more detail, can, whilst those patronising individuals, such as, it would seem, yourself, who chose to carelessly insult them, (with comments such as ..'most people are here for the basic explanation ..'), might consider exercising a little more courtesy; I'm English .. you aren't American, by any chance, are you ? .. Regards Chris Swann, Bovey Tracey, Devon, South-West England.
@@Tinyflower1 the unfeathered him and broke his wrists, poor creature lol
This channel makes me happy
This is the best youtube channel I've ever found in over a decade.
For the book analogy at the end, I would like to add, that we have many many identical books chopped up in different pieces, not just one book
Thanks! DNA decay is one of the reasons you cant simply put people into long-term hibernation for space travel. You'd actually have to wake them up periodically, to literally let their bodies repair & rejuvenate before putting them back to sleep. Rikki Tikki.
Great, do all the next steps necessary and bring back all the extinct animals, soon please
very well presented. I always enjoy her videos.
One of the most compact and informative lectures I have ever watched!
I dk how I feel about being so early to a PBS video....
it's kind of weird
i said the same thing about cumming in my girlfriend heheh
The trend is to comment "First!" unless you want to be different. I see you chose to be different
Feel sexually aroused.
This is fascinating - as always. Thanks!
I, for one, approve with genetically recreating ancient animals, YESIVESEENTHEMOVIES, I think we can accept the risks
To this channel, got loyalty inside my DNA.
Great stuff as always! Could you talk about how old hive insects like ants, bees, and termites are? How did they evolve? Did there ever exist any super weird ones that we wouldn't recognize today?
Just found your channel. I ABSOLUTELY LOVE IT!!! :-)
Dinosaurs died 66 million years ago.
Scientists: okay forget that.
Megalodon died 2 million years ago.
Scientists: Hello my friend.
Oh Eons. I adore these videos!
I love this channel so much ♥️
I know quite a bit about carnivorous plants, they are always trying to eat me because I keep bugging them.
One day we might have some non- avian dinosaur DNA... Awesome. Then we could compare how much bird DNA has changed from Dinosaur DNA.
That's a big and unlikely maybe. She said the oldest partial dna we have been able to sequence was a little over 6 million years old.
Last non avian dinosaur died out a little over 60 million years ago! We'd have a better chance changing chicken hip, leg bones and extending their tail to resemble extinct theropods.
❤️ ❤️ ❤️
Best science channel on UA-cam. Always great videos. Presenters are always great and enthusiastic about what they're doing. I've learned more about our past from this channel, then I ever did in school.
The velociraptor @ 10:35 has broken his wrists :(
The word quagga is pronounced with a guttural Dutch G. Not and English hard G.
Depurination means that its impossible to reconstruct a living dinosaur from the Jurassic Period with DNA preserved in amber like in the movie Jurassic Park...at least with 1990s technology.
...the genetic engineering technology in Jurassic Park is kind of like Jeff Goldblum creating teleporters turned gene splicers with 1980s technology in the 1986 film, The Fly...he would have needed much better computers and knowledge of quantum mechanics then they had back then.
Both of these films explore interesting and cutting edge technologies but should have realistically taken place 50-100 years later so that humans would the prerequisite knowledge and computational power necessary to realistically accomplish such things.
Jurassic Park is almost like Jules Verne imagining a cannon that would launch people to the moon in the 1800s...then again, that is kind of what a mass driver does...
...advances in computer gene sequencing may make something like Jurassic Park a real possibility by the mid to late 21st century.
As much as I'd love it, one shouldn't be too optimistic, because this isn't entirely up to the state of technology. Even with a perfect statistical analysis / probabilistic modeling, you can only reconstruct so much. Imagine the DNA was degraded to the point of only single or double nulceotides, the relevant sequence information would be entirely lost. I.e., if you were to do a probabilistic model of all possible sequences, they'd be uniformly distributed. If the pieces are a bit longer, that just slowly changes to have some clusters of sequences slightly more likely than others. Now, I don't know how far degraded it actually is. Better probabilistic modeling in the future can get us a sharper picture of dinosaur genomes than we have right now, but there is a limit to this, some amount of noise in the picture that we cannot eliminate regardless how hard we try to resharpen. Some information is irretrievably out of reach.
...at least for now
So is Dino Dna not too far out there or is it too far cuz life always finds a way and I have a mosasaurus tooth and uh it’s still in the rock and well part of the jaw is there
Interesting stuff, thanks for presenting it.
Good stuff. As an ecologist I have a great amount of interest on the subject but limited knowledge :)
I love pbs
11:00 if oil is fossils , should there be dna in it , mixed yeah but still distinguishable , can you get dna out of a decomposed human body
You want Kaiju? Because this is how you get kaiju.
Amazing video, learned alot. No hope for Jurassic park 😢
Bats! We'r on Spooky Month, we need BAT EVOLUTION!
Sadly, it's largely a mystery since bat skeletons are fairly frail and rarely fossilize. There is also some controversy in bat phylogeny, so really it's all a big mess. Although they are really cool.
@@somedude140 All the more reason to do a video on it. The competing theories, evidence for and against each, etc. They've do it with other controversial/uncertain things on this channel.
Yeah, and they do it pretty well