Transformers for beginners | What are they and how do they work

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  • Опубліковано 15 тра 2024
  • This week we’re looking into transformers. Transformers were introduced a couple of years ago with the paper Attention is All You Need by Google Researchers. Since its introduction transformers has been widely adopted in the industry.
    Get your Free Token for AssemblyAI Speech-To-Text API 👇
    www.assemblyai.com/?...
    Models like BERT, GPT-3 made groundbreaking improvements in the world of NLP using transformers. Since then model libraries like hugging face made it possible for everyone to use transformer based models in their projects. But what are transformers and how do they work? How are they different from other deep learning models like RNNs, LSTMs? Why are they better?
    In this video, we learn about it all!
    Some of my favorite resources on Transformers:
    The original paper - arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762.pdf
    If you’re interested in following the original paper with the code - nlp.seas.harvard.edu/2018/04/0...
    The Illustrated Transformer - jalammar.github.io/illustrate...
    Blog about positional encodings - kazemnejad.com/blog/transform...
    About attention - Visualizing A Neural Machine Translation Model - jalammar.github.io/visualizin...
    Layer normalization - arxiv.org/abs/1607.06450
    Some images used in this video are from:
    colah.github.io/posts/2015-08...
    jalammar.github.io/visualizin...
    / how-to-easily-build-a-...
    / elegant-intuitions-beh...

КОМЕНТАРІ • 141

  • @pierluigiurru962
    @pierluigiurru962 6 місяців тому +16

    This is clearest explanation of transformers I’ve found so far, and I personally have seen many trying to wrap my head around them. No skimming over details. Very well done!

  • @ashermai2962
    @ashermai2962 2 роки тому +36

    This channel deserves more views and likes

  • @testing3562
    @testing3562 5 місяців тому +14

    I am a programmer, I have created many tools that were actually very useful. I even claim that I have 10+ years experience. But I feel very bad to realize that I am so dumb that I did not understand anything after the first 10 minutes of the video.

    • @sebastianmata9603
      @sebastianmata9603 Місяць тому

      They explain it with apples and pears but is actually a very mathematical and elaborated process, if you're not the kind of person that can remember easily how work the sine and cosine functions and do matrix multiplication for fun, is just a little bit harder to get it

    • @moonlight-td8ed
      @moonlight-td8ed 25 днів тому

      BRUH JUST REWATCH IT AGAIN... THE VIDEO IS A 10/10

  • @andybrice2711
    @andybrice2711 Місяць тому +2

    Positional encodings are not that weird when you think of them as being similar to the hands on a clock: It's a way of representing arbitrarily long periods of time, within a confined space, with smooth continuous movement and no sudden jumps.
    Picture the tips of clock hands. Their vertical position follows a sine wave, their horizontal position follows a cosine wave. And we add precision with more hands moving at different speeds.

  • @stevemassicotte4068
    @stevemassicotte4068 Рік тому +13

    @16:14,, the binary table is wrong, there are two sevens.
    The second column should start with 8 and not a second 7.
    Attention is all you need ;)
    Thanks for the video !

    • @BCSEbadulIslam
      @BCSEbadulIslam 3 місяці тому

      Came here to comment the same 👍

  • @dooseobkim2100
    @dooseobkim2100 10 місяців тому +3

    You are my savior for being actually able to get ready to read all of those AI related papers which I’m completely unaware of. I was stuck at the part of my thesis which I have to provide theoretical background of ChatGPT. As a business student I’m super grateful to learn these knowledges in computer science through your short lecture👍👍

  • @anandanv2361
    @anandanv2361 Рік тому

    The way you explained the concept was awesome. It is very easy to follow.👍

  • @yourshanky
    @yourshanky 11 місяців тому

    Excellent explanation !! Sharp and clear. Thanks for sharing this.

  • @bdoriandasilva
    @bdoriandasilva Рік тому

    Great video with a clear explanation. thank you!

  • @moeal5110
    @moeal5110 8 місяців тому

    This is most clear and resourceful video I've seen. Thank you for your hard work and for sharing these resources

  • @nikhilshrestha4711
    @nikhilshrestha4711 Рік тому +4

    really love how you described the model. easier to understand 🙌

  • @mohamadhasanzeinali3674
    @mohamadhasanzeinali3674 Рік тому +4

    I saw numerous videos about Transformers architecture. In my opinion, your video is the best among them. Appreciate that.

    • @AssemblyAI
      @AssemblyAI  Рік тому +1

      Thank you, that is great to hear. :)

  • @reshamgaire4188
    @reshamgaire4188 7 місяців тому +2

    Finally found a perfect video that cleared all my confusions. Thank you so much ma'am, may god bless you 🙏

  • @Yaddu143
    @Yaddu143 Рік тому +2

    I really want you talk about attention. Thank you, shinning in this video.

  • @sivad2895
    @sivad2895 8 місяців тому

    The best video on transformer architecture with great explanations and charming presentation.

  • @moonlight-td8ed
    @moonlight-td8ed 25 днів тому

    cleanest and most informative video ever.. covered whole attention is all you need paper in 19 mins.. damn.. thank you MISRA TURP and assembly ai

  • @nikhil182
    @nikhil182 Рік тому

    Thank you so much!💓this has to be the best introduction video to Transformers. We are planning to use Transformers for our Video Processing project.

  • @imagnihton2
    @imagnihton2 Рік тому +11

    This made the concept sound incredibly simple compared to some other sources... Amazing!

  • @abinav92
    @abinav92 Рік тому

    Best video on intro to transformers!!!

  • @dannown
    @dannown Рік тому

    This is a really lovely video -- very specific and detailed, but also followable. Thanks!

  • @otsogileonalepelo9610
    @otsogileonalepelo9610 Рік тому +3

    Just WOW! You broke down these concepts nicely. Thank you. Live long and prosper 🖖🖖

  • @PeterKoman
    @PeterKoman Рік тому +3

    Finally a transformer video that actually explains the theory in understandable way. Many thanks.

  • @mudasserqayyom9947
    @mudasserqayyom9947 26 днів тому

    I'm watching lot of videos of Transformers, But that is exactly I want. Thank You So Much Ma'am. And also AssemblyAl.

  • @kalyandey5195
    @kalyandey5195 3 місяці тому

    Awesome!! crystal clear explanation!!!

  • @pyaephyo3633
    @pyaephyo3633 10 місяців тому

    i love it.
    Your explanation is easy to understand.

  • @GeorgeZoto
    @GeorgeZoto 8 місяців тому

    Great and both low and high level descprition of transformers, thank you for creating this useful resource :)

  • @donevo1
    @donevo1 Рік тому +1

    very nice presentation! in 12:18 you say that attention is on 8 words. from reading the paper I think that attention is on ALL the words, and 8 is the number of heads: each word vector (D=512) is split to 8, i.e vector dimention in each head is 64.

  • @sanketdeshmukh491
    @sanketdeshmukh491 Рік тому

    Thank You for in depth explanation. Kudos!!!

  • @Zulu369
    @Zulu369 Рік тому +8

    This video is the best technical explanation I have seen in years. Although Transformers are a breakthrough in the field in NLP, I am convinced that they do not describe completely and satisfactorily, the way humans process language.
    For all civilizations, spoken language predates written language in communications. Those who do not read and write, still communicate clearly with others. This means humans do not represent natural language in their brains in terms of words, syntax and position of tokens but rather in terms of symbols, images and multimedia shows that make up stories we relate to.
    Written language comes only later as an extra layer of communication to express transparently these internal representations that we carry within ourselves. If AI is able to access and decode these internal representations, then the written language, the extra layer, becomes a lot easier to understand, organize, and put on paper with simple techniques rather than using these intricate Transformers that I consider as temporary and unnatural ways of describing natural languages.

    • @rokljhui864
      @rokljhui864 11 місяців тому

      Your idea is represented above , in words, existing separately from your mind. Surely most intelligence is contained within written language, mathematical expression and images.

    • @Zulu369
      @Zulu369 11 місяців тому

      @@rokljhui864 As I explained above, written words make up THE extra layer that is actually not necessary once you learn more persuasive communications techniques.

    • @evetsnilrac9689
      @evetsnilrac9689 6 місяців тому +1

      ​@@rokljhui864 "Surely" is not how you start an intelligent hypothesis.
      You must explain the rationale for your belief since it is not at all readily apparent that the intelligence to process written language was not already in our brains so that we could conceive of and learn written language.

    • @evetsnilrac9689
      @evetsnilrac9689 6 місяців тому +1

      This is a crucial point to understand for all of us interested in fully harnessing what we perceive to be the true potential of this technology.
      I would start with the Adamic symbol-based language.

  • @goelnikhils
    @goelnikhils Рік тому

    Amazing Explanation. Vow. Thanks a lot

  • @geekyprogrammer4831
    @geekyprogrammer4831 Рік тому +1

    This high quality video deserves a lot more views!

  • @maryammoradbeigi6690
    @maryammoradbeigi6690 Рік тому

    Incredible explanation on the transformer... Amazing video. Thanks a lot

  • @carlosroquesuarezgurruchag8681

    Thx for the time. Very clear the explanation

  • @bysedova
    @bysedova 8 місяців тому

    Please make a detailed video about self-attantion! Thank you for your explanation! I like you haven't used difficult math terms and you have tried to explain for understanding with easy material supply.

  • @shubham-pp4cw
    @shubham-pp4cw 2 роки тому +1

    clear explanation of quiet complex topic and explained easily in shorted period time

    • @AssemblyAI
      @AssemblyAI  2 роки тому

      Glad to hear you liked it!

  • @vivekpetrolhead
    @vivekpetrolhead 5 місяців тому

    Best explanation for beginners I've seen besides statquest

  • @hussainsalih3520
    @hussainsalih3520 Рік тому

    amazing keep doing this amazing tutorials :)

  • @amitsingh7684
    @amitsingh7684 17 днів тому

    very nicely explained with clear details

  • @wasifrock687
    @wasifrock687 Рік тому

    very well explained. thank you!

  • @_joshwalter_
    @_joshwalter_ 10 місяців тому

    This is phenomenal!

  • @amigospot
    @amigospot 2 роки тому

    Nice video for a fairly complex architecture!

  • @jayanthkothapalli9.2
    @jayanthkothapalli9.2 10 місяців тому

    Great work mam. You made it simple to understand.

  • @AddisuSeteye
    @AddisuSeteye Рік тому +1

    Amazing explanation. I can't wait to watch your explanation on another AI related topic.

  • @archowdhury007
    @archowdhury007 10 місяців тому +1

    Beautifully explained. Loved it. First time I understood the transformer model so easily. Great work. Please keep creating more such content. Thanks.

  • @krishnakumarik208
    @krishnakumarik208 6 місяців тому

    VERY GOOD EXPLANATION.

  • @VaibhavPatil-rx7pc
    @VaibhavPatil-rx7pc 10 місяців тому

    smile and learn and clean explaniation!!!

  • @rufus9322
    @rufus9322 Рік тому

    Thank you for your video 🤗
    How to understanding more details about word embedding method in Transformer model?

  • @user-fp5sx2vr4z
    @user-fp5sx2vr4z 11 місяців тому

    Thank you for the presentation, it has been so insightful. I wish you made a video about the word embeddings of the transformers. Thanks

  • @juliennoel3061
    @juliennoel3061 2 місяці тому

    hi! oh yeah please a specific video on 'attention' 🙂 - And also : 'great job you are doing! Congrats! Thumbs !!'

  • @devraj241
    @devraj241 11 місяців тому

    great video, well explained!

    • @near_.
      @near_. 10 місяців тому

      What's the purpose of output embedding?? What are we feeding in that???

  • @thebiggerpicture__
    @thebiggerpicture__ Рік тому

    Great video. Thanks!

  • @rodi4850
    @rodi4850 Рік тому

    best explanation!

  • @kartikgadad9285
    @kartikgadad9285 6 місяців тому

    Thanks for explaining Transformers, can we have a video on Embeddings, seems super interesting. The Positional Encoding part was difficult to understand, as it has been just taken from abstract level, can we find better video on positional encoding?

  • @JayTheMachine
    @JayTheMachine 8 місяців тому

    thank you soo much, damn, love your explainations

  • @MrTheyosyos
    @MrTheyosyos Рік тому +1

    "attentions for beginners" will be great :)

  • @wenshufan
    @wenshufan 11 місяців тому

    Thank you for explaining the transformer in detail. However, I still don't get how do you train the Q,K,V matrix. The attention mechanism is calculated by from them. What type of feedback/truth can one use to train those matrix values then?

  • @0Tyr
    @0Tyr 2 роки тому

    Very informative channel, and well presented..

  • @keithwins
    @keithwins 4 місяці тому

    Thank you that was excellent

  • @abrahamowos
    @abrahamowos Рік тому

    A question @ 11:30 : if for instance the values v are really large and you multiple them by the results from the softmax layer. Won't the resulting weighted be too high after adding them together?

    • @JackoMcW
      @JackoMcW Рік тому +1

      I'm not sure I understand your question or what you mean by "too high," but consider that all of those softmax values will be

  • @lexflow2319
    @lexflow2319 Рік тому +2

    I don't understand why there are 6 decoders and encoders. The diagram shows 1 each. Also, what is the output as input to the decoder. Is that the last output from final softmax

  • @talktovipin1
    @talktovipin1 3 місяці тому

    Very nice explanation. Incorporating animations into the images while explaining would enhance comprehension and make it even more beneficial.

  • @6001navi
    @6001navi 10 місяців тому

    awesome explanation

  • @salamander7715
    @salamander7715 8 місяців тому

    Seeing all the comments of people saying that this video made things simple just makes me feel stupid ahah! This video is amazing and the explanations are great, but i can't say i've understood more then 35% of the concepts. I'll have to watch this several times for sure

  • @rokljhui864
    @rokljhui864 11 місяців тому

    Interesting. Sounds like a Fourier transform; Obtaining a frequency distribution from a time-series, reveals the underlying frequency components and amplitudes. Are you essentially distilling the 'word cycles' from the sentences to obtain meaning from the word patterns across different word combination lengths (from single word to many thousand) And, optimising the predictability of the next word automatically optimises for the appropriate word combination lengths, that align with actual meaning. i.e Understanding 'peaks' are optimised similar to the fundamental frequencies in a Fourier transform. ?

  • @actorjohanmatsfredkarlsson2293

    Great video. I’m missing how the attation layers: queries, keys and values and the output weights are trainee? Also what was the values matrix for?

    • @MrAmgadHasan
      @MrAmgadHasan 11 місяців тому

      They are trained just like any neural network: we have a loss function that compares the model's output with the desired output, and then this loss is propagated backwards to the weights and biases and we use gradient descent to update the weights.
      Lookup "back propagation" for more info or just look up"how neural networks are trained"

  • @niyatisrivastava4-yearb.te820
    @niyatisrivastava4-yearb.te820 5 місяців тому

    best explanation

  • @user-tt6tg3eb7n
    @user-tt6tg3eb7n 7 місяців тому

    I overall liked the video a lot. I just do not thing is enough to understand the whole concept. Especially masked multi head attention layer was missing and how the actually outcome of the model is created (translation etc)

  • @ankit9401
    @ankit9401 2 роки тому +2

    You are awesome and I appreciate your efforts. After watching your video, I can say now I understand the transformer architecture.
    I have a query. According to original BERT paper, two objectives used during training: Masked Language Model and Next Sentence Prediction. Are these training objectives present in original or all transformer models or they are specifically used for BERT ?
    I hope you make video to explain attention and BERT model in future 😊

    • @AssemblyAI
      @AssemblyAI  2 роки тому +1

      Great to hear the video was helpful Ankit! These are not the tasks that were in the original transformer model. But I think they are not specific to BERT. Other architectures also use same/similar tasks to train their models. We have a BERT video in the channel by the way. Here it is: ua-cam.com/video/6ahxPTLZxU8/v-deo.html
      - Mısra

    • @strongsyedaa7378
      @strongsyedaa7378 Рік тому

      @@AssemblyAI
      So instead of using RNN & LSTM we directly use Transformers?

  • @kellenswain2049
    @kellenswain2049 11 місяців тому

    11:06 from reading the paper, 64 is not the square root of the length of QKV vectors, it looks like it is d_model/h where h is the number of heads used in multihead attention. And so then I assume d_model is the length of the QKV vectors?

  • @mbrochh82
    @mbrochh82 Рік тому

    I wish someone would explain how exactly the backpropagation works and what values exactly get nudged and tweaked during learning (and by which means)

  • @nogur9
    @nogur9 10 місяців тому

    Thanks :)

  • @user-ft2jx8io9g
    @user-ft2jx8io9g 8 місяців тому

    geart work, may allah bless you and guide you 🥰🥰😍😍

  • @andersonsystem2
    @andersonsystem2 2 роки тому +3

    Good video

  • @amparoconsuelo9451
    @amparoconsuelo9451 8 місяців тому

    I have read books and watched videos on Transformers. I still don't understand Transformers. I want to order from Amazon an assembly Transformer kit, work on it and have a Transformer I understand the way I undestand how Lotus 123 and Wordstar were created.

  • @near_.
    @near_. 10 місяців тому

    What's the purpose of output embedding?? What are we feeding in that???

  • @manjz7hm
    @manjz7hm 4 місяці тому

    You explained well , but my brain not digesting it 😂

  • @wp1300
    @wp1300 11 місяців тому

    13:35 Positional encoding

    • @near_.
      @near_. 10 місяців тому

      What's the purpose of output embedding?? What are we feeding in that???

  • @guimaraesalysson
    @guimaraesalysson Рік тому +1

    Theres any video about attention mechanism ?

    • @AssemblyAI
      @AssemblyAI  Рік тому +2

      Not yet but it's a good idea!

  • @RAZZKIRAN
    @RAZZKIRAN Рік тому

    thank u

  • @EmanueleOlivetti
    @EmanueleOlivetti 5 місяців тому

    Around 16:00 the binary representation repeats twice 7 so the right part of the binary encoded numbers is incorrect

  • @titusfx
    @titusfx 11 місяців тому

    I'm still concern how all these papers don't have any mathematical rigour, there isn't one theorem, there is nothing. And it works....🤯 I can't imagine when the rigourosity start coming in, what would be the results. I'm starting to believe that deep learning is Physics for knowledge 😅

  • @user-bu3ds4dc6d
    @user-bu3ds4dc6d 7 місяців тому

    easiest explanation.

  • @nirmesh44
    @nirmesh44 3 місяці тому

    make attention video

  • @M7mdal7aj
    @M7mdal7aj 8 місяців тому

    thanks but the explanation is not detailed enough. but nice explanation for the positional embedding. thanks

  • @NielsSwimberghe
    @NielsSwimberghe 3 місяці тому

    "You might need to watch this multiple times".
    You don't say. 😅

  • @denwo1982
    @denwo1982 2 місяці тому

    Chatgpt “explain this video to me as if I was an 8 year old”

  • @marcfruchtman9473
    @marcfruchtman9473 Рік тому

    Very interesting and informative. Thank you for providing a very detailed explanation of Transformers.
    One note: The word "Query" is pronounced like Qw-eerie (USA English). The beginning sounds sort of like the sound of "Quarry", or "Quack" but rhyming with dearie.

  • @roshanverma1123
    @roshanverma1123 10 місяців тому

    Great simplified content! Thanks! Btw, you look beautiful!

  • @robl39
    @robl39 Рік тому +1

    What is disappointing about this video is that you have to know about or understand 50 other concepts first

  • @JaredEdwardsPM
    @JaredEdwardsPM Рік тому

    I feel like you just described how a ouija board works…

  • @prdeshnaser5297
    @prdeshnaser5297 3 місяці тому

    needs pauses in speech, after 15min all i hear is a vector of blblblahs. a good video and human illustration of how text gets generated by machines, but that is not the point.

  • @frizzsupertramp6434
    @frizzsupertramp6434 Рік тому +1

    At 16:44 the binary representations on the right side are wrong (number 7 comes twice, should start with 8 on the right side).
    (Sorry for being anal 😀)

    • @AssemblyAI
      @AssemblyAI  Рік тому

      Thanks for the heads up! Video editing gets tedious sometimes :)

  • @homeboundrecords6955
    @homeboundrecords6955 Рік тому

    knowledgable but not exactly 'beginner' level lol

    • @AssemblyAI
      @AssemblyAI  Рік тому

      To some it sounds too simple and to some too complex. 🤷‍♀️ Problem with AI topics these days. :D

  • @strongsyedaa7378
    @strongsyedaa7378 Рік тому

    Why YOU divided by 8?

  • @open_source
    @open_source Рік тому

    The presentation is nice but are you really trying to compress video time by talking faster? Had to stop the video multiple times to Focus on each concept

  • @sevovo
    @sevovo 10 місяців тому

    Why is the first think I thought is that she must be Turkish? :D

  • @verystablegenius4720
    @verystablegenius4720 8 місяців тому +1

    bad ... just bad. you need to put 100X the time if you want to do this right. No real understanding here.

  • @PrabhatKumar-fn4vy
    @PrabhatKumar-fn4vy Рік тому +2

    You are beautiful

  • @dlbattle100
    @dlbattle100 Рік тому

    Carry, kiw, and matresses.

  • @berkk1993
    @berkk1993 11 місяців тому

    Idk who she is but I am sure she is Turkish.