What is the Bohr model of the atom?
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- Опубліковано 12 чер 2024
- This video looks at the pioneering work of Niels Bohr who proposed a novel model of the atom in 1913 which would lay the foundations for a quantum mechanical treatment ten years later. After discussing the limitations of Thomson's Plum Pudding model and Rutherford's Nuclear model, Bohr's quantum model is discussed as a union between classical ideas of electrostatics and angular momentum quantisation. The radii and energies of the allowed electron orbits for the Hydrogen atom are calculated, along with the visible emission spectrum. The video ends with a brief discussion of Bohr's influence on the development of quantum physics.
References:
Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei and particles - Eisberg and Resnick
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics - Griffiths and Schroeter
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics - Phillips
The Quantum Story - Jim Baggot
Quantum Physics for Dummies - Steven Holzner
Thirty Years that Shook Physics - Gamow
Inward Bound - Abraham Pais
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![Bohr Model: A Delightful History [CC]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/8IIg4Qt_qv4/mqdefault.jpg)
![Bohr Model: A Delightful History [CC]](/img/tr.png)
I am calling it right now. You are the 3Blue1Brown of Physics! This channel is going to get big. I am loving going through your videos to get a a better understanding of physics in this universe. This is fantastic source material of the future when I do decided to start studying physics seriously. Getting to conceptually understand the struggles that past scientists had to deal with when confronted observational data is turly eye-opening. We are standing on the shoulders of giants, and most individuals in our species are unware of their existance. Our modern society exists because of them, and their contributions to the field of phyiscs.
KEEP UP THE GREAT WORK!
Although 3B1B has some beautiful animatons and sourceful content, this channel is way better in terms of quality and approach to viewers, at least for now. Hoping to see much more from this amazing guy. :-)
@@oumuamua12 Agreed.
@@oumuamua12 I've got a feeling that your opinion on this may change when this channel gets older. Stuff is going to ramp up in complexity, and some people will get lost along the way. Zach Star (formerly 3Blue1Brown) is doing an _incredible_ job with the stuff he is dealing with at this point.
If Physics Explained can match him when he gets as far into things, everyone is in for a treat. This video is definitely fantastic but there's still a long way to go until all of physics is covered. I just hope that he keeps the level of detail as high as this one throughout. Equations is what I''m missing more of on UA-cam - there is plenty of the handwavy stuff.
@Physics Explained: Thanks for sharing, I really appreciate your work. 👍
@ I have some understanding of linear algebra, calculus and integrals from university + using it on many projects. Plus having taken physics in highshcool and once in unviersity. I don't feel like I am completely lost. However, I see what you mean about when the completexity ramps up. It certainly could become off putting for some.
@ That being said, you should definetly check out Michel van Beizen's channel.
Dude you're pumping out quality stuff
100% agree
Yes. 100%
InstaBlaster...
I am very engrossed in the minimalist style that you present these concepts. The quotes from the scientists are well appreciated. I want to see this channel to grow in to something great.
That is not how things work, sadly
from one physicist to another, amazing work! this is so very useful to both the laymen and professional scientists themselves!
please do keep up the good work
Thank you very much for the kind words, very much appreciated
At high school I never learnt the derivation of the Bohr model. Physics curriculum should be less about exercise and worksheet, more about derivation and a little bit of history.
Couldn't agree more. The history makes it real.
In the UK at A level physics, your school chooses a module for you, and by far the best one to choose is Turning Points in Physics, as it gives a nice overview of the differences and similarities between theories before and after some great discovery (obviously not in as much detail as this video - high school physics isn't really like proper physics, as it needs to be accessible to someone who isn't doing A level maths)
I just wish theyd have like a problem solving lab in a derivation based class like they do for expirimental labs
@@stpirate89 I'm a wee bit confused. Is it true that A level physics doesn't rely on knowing A level maths? Asking for an American friend.🤔
@BeachesRuS that is true yes. Its one of the reasons I hated teaching A level physics. It ruins the physics syllabus because of it, and realistically, nearly all students take A level maths anyway if they're going to take physics. In my 6th form, we had a lot of people take physics in year 12, around 60 to 70 people, and only 3 of them didn't also do maths. I don't think any of them carried physics on to year 13 either.
From content to presentation this was an absolutely outstanding production. Very well done!
Much appreciated!
Outstanding video and very well narrated.
First time I encountered this was 14 years back in school and today is when I can say I kind of have a grasp of it,thanks to you .
I am an art director at a small agency but people like you online keep feeding my thirst for curiosity. Thank you for doing what you do.
i really enjoy the way you go into the nuts and bolts of how the concepts you explain actually work. i've seen this subject matter addressed on various other channels, but the actual math is often glossed over or said to be "too hard", etc. i'm glad that you're willing to go into detail, and the clear, concise way in which you go through the details step-by-step make them easy to follow. please keep doing what you do! it's really great!
Thanks for the detailed feedback. My philosophy is to try and convey the thought process behind the ideas, so I am glad you have picked up on this and find it helpful
Amazing how you’re able to breakdown the monumental achievements of Niels Bohr in such an eloquent yet easy to understand manner. I’ve always loved physics since learning about it in high school, but I never understood why it bewildered so many of my peers. I guess it all depends on the way you view and breakdown information and I was blessed with an exceptional teacher whom guided me through tackling everything that is elementary physics. It would be wonderful if all teachers had the language to make learning fun instead of what they are for the most part information dumps that tend to overwhelm most students.
Thank you for the very kind feedback, much appreciated
I love UA-cam science videos, but they usually either remind me of things I already knew, or leave me somewhat baffled. This time I learned something new and understood what I was learning - nice one.
Glad to hear it, thanks for the feedback
I’m very glad I found your channel when I did. I’m a physics major in university and just started taking modern physics. Watching your videos in Compton scattering, the ultraviolet catastrophe, and now the Bohr model have helped me immensely. I’m so glad you don’t skip the deep and thorough math either, it only serves to drive home the conceptual explanation you put together.
Anyway, just wanted to thanks very much, keep doing what you’re doing!
Is this my new favorite science channel? I think it is
same
As a young aspiring Physicist, I must say, finding your channel is amazing! Watching these videos and then trying to work them out on my own again later and trying my own stuff is always helpful. Thanks for this!
Glad you are enjoying the videos, keep up the hard work!
thats amazing little buddy
The best explanation of the Bohr model I've ever seen, thank you
Thanks for the kind words, much appreciated
a well-made explanation
P.S: 13:16 I think you made a typo in the expression of the speed. We must replace pi by the planck constant
Man this is an awsome video! I was always baffeled on why we can see what stars and planets are made off so many lightyears away because of the spectral lines. I never knew how the spectral lines worked for each kind of atom, but now I do. Thanks for this amazingly simple explanation!
I am at a very local university in kenya but i am learning physics like as if i am in world class university because of this youtube channel. Thank you so much❤❤❤🇰🇪🇰🇪😘
This is really great content, it is clean, well explained and very usefull.
I hope you keep work on this type of video
First of all, Thank you very very much for these videos. This type of videos are the reasons for me to get motivated to understand the majestic beauty of nature/physics rather than running behind marks/degree.
At 9:50 I think angular momentum vector would be equal to m(r vector crossed with v), not the other way around.
The most clear, concise, and joined up explanation of this topic I have encountered. This is the first time I have understood this clearly, and I have a Physics degree.
Glad to hear it! Thanks for the feedback
Thank you again for a clear account of the Bohr model. You also made it clear to me that higher energy level electrons gain more potential energy than they lose kinetic energy. I never thought of higher energy electrons moving more slowly. Also that the radius of an orbital increases as the square of n suggests that higher orbitals should be more further apart.
I'm glad to hear that you learnt something, thanks for the comment
I really, really enjoy your videos. I am a post-doctoral researcher in atomic and molecular physics. I work with quantum mechanics, molecular simulations and all sorts of things related to the atomic structure of materials and stuff. These things that you have been teaching are the bedrock upon which my entire field of research rests (apart from that one where you compute the distance between the Sun and the Moon) and you still managed to make me look at those things with fresh eyes. You have a good educational method, keep up the good work, we need communicators like you.
I really appreciate your feedback. Thanks for taking the time to leave such a positive and encouraging message. Best of luck with your post doc!
@@PhysicsExplainedVideos Thanks a lot. I mean it. It is hard making things sound as clear and easy as you do. The work you put on making everything obvious shows, I bet that takes A LOT of research and banging your head on the wall. I found myself binging the videos as if my life depended on it. Not only they have good, clear content, they are also a treat to watch. I agree with "The One" on this one, you have the potential to become the 3Blue1Brown of physics. I really want to see that happening.
Subscribed. Beautifully articulated and factually correct. Rare in a world dominated by disinformation. Bravo.
I really love these videos because you don't explain the topic and call it a day, but also you do it just like the physicists form then developed their theories. This way it's so much more logical and understandable to arrive at those concepts and formulas. Thanks!
I am really glad you like the approach taken in these videos. When I was a student, I used to like understanding the historical context of the ideas.
These really are some of the best physics videos out there. Love how you don't shy away from the math. You can't fully understand physics without the math!
I SO admire your regard for the young students who thought about these things a hundred years ago. Yes they were students, unknowns. They spent decades cogitating. And we are spoon fed this stuff in minutes. And back then, to engage in this endeavor had no promise of economic success. No VCs, no patreon, no kickstarter. No promise of applicability or consideration of market. I wonder what motivated people like Maxwell, Bohr, Thomson, Rutherford,etc.. Your presentation is so engaging. Someday, perhaps an AI will weave these you tube videos into threads and tapestries so we can understand the human dimension as well as the abstract. But until then we only have a few people like you.
Thanks for the kind words, much appreciated
I believe I lucked out big time when your video on the ultraviolet catastrophe showed up on my homepage. Your presentations are very well -polished and have a great balance of not shying away from the math but also not getting too crazy with it. The history lessons remind me of Feynman's lectures - nobody else has really pulled off the "explain the history, stopping for a few minutes in each era to explain the minimal amount of information you'll need to understand the whole story, and make it captivating" sort of thing as far as I've been able to find. I'm hoping you keep it up!
Thanks for your detailed feedback and kind words. I absolutely loved reading (and listening to) the Feynman lectures, and they certainly have had a big influence over my approach to teaching. My hope is to produce a whole range of videos that combine the historical narrative with the ideas.
Wow , I subbed after watching the first five mins of the vid , you are clear, concise and you articulate well, i can’t wait to catch up on your previous vids and learn something.
Thanks for the upload . R .
Splendid work as always! Hoping for a video on Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle soon
I will definitely be making a video on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, watch this space
I have been waiting for this clear explanation so long.
Glad it was helpful!
I love how are you going smoothly into quantum mechanics
Yes, that is the aim! Glad you are enjoying the videos
I must say this is the best explanation I have seen on UA-cam or for that matter any other documentary/educational service of the atomic model as conceived by Bohr. Outstanding and kudos to you, Keep up the awesome work.
Thank you for this (and your other) masterpieces. The contributions and vision of these earliest quantum pioneers cannot be overemphasized (or overappreciated!)
Thanks for the comment, I really appreciate it
I'm really pleased to watch great content in this channel. Keep recording videos about the beauty of physics.
This is amazing, please make more of these in depth explanations on these interesting topics!
I'm just becoming a fan of your simplistic explanation. You are doing a great job carry on.....wanna see more videos asap
Thanks for the feedback
Just discovered your channel. I am loving it. Just wow! Really good stuff, man! Congratulations!
Excellent video. The straightforward calculations and succinct explanations are much appreciated. Keep up the good work.
Thanks for the feedback!
Thanks Dr. Rod for making us watch this, very cool!
I can't stop saying myself: this blows my mind and so beautiful indeed.
Excellent pronunciation, pace quick enough to remain stimulating, while not jumping or skipping. Graphics are simple and clear. Length of lesson per video appropriate. Worth repeated viewing. About the only suggestion I can imagine is a reference to some book with solved examples and homework assignment. I wish I had you as an undergraduate professor in EE.
Thanks for the feedback and suggestion. I think putting in some links to questions is an excellent idea. I will see what I can do
These physics videos are among the best I've seen. I admit the maths gets a bit beyond me, but I remember enough High School maths to at least understand what is going on. It is the explanatory diagrams and the helpful narration that I like; I feel I understand and gain insights into the big questions being asked. Thank You!
Excellent video. Well done!
Your enthusiasm and passion for physics are clearly seen in these videos of yours. Thanks for reigniting the spark in an otherwise disengaged undergrad.
My pleasure, it really makes me happy to think that this helped reignite the spark. Don't give up! The hard work will pay off when you begin to see the world differently through the eyes of a physicist
I always wanted to learn more physics, then they teach you at high school. But it is a dry an intimidating read alone, i'm so glad that you take your time to explain it! Keep up the good work!
Glad to hear that you enjoyed the video, thanks for the comment
Bravo! I wish this were available 50 years ago when I took physical chemistry. I never quite grasped the interplay of the various early theories/models/equations and how Bohr synthesized them. I just subscribed. Count me in!
Glad you enjoyed it!
This is great stuff - both from a technical and historical point of view. Very entertaining too - I often remember Bohr as "that guy who was always arguing with Einstein" but forget the brilliant early work that catapulted him to fame...
Thanks, I've read about Electron Volts for decades, now I understand them!
Glad I could help!
this is lowkey my favorite physics channel now
Keep them coming! Another incredible video. Great work.
I am learning all over again! This channel is going to be big. Make more videos and keep us awestruck!😀😀🤘
I love your videos SOOO MUCH! You are a great explainer, and tbh I've never before seen someone explain the struggles that past physicists had to go through for us to be able to stand on their shoulders. Your explanations of how certain equations were derived are some of the best I've ever seen, only topped by some derivations of purely mathematical stuff (for example 3blue1brown, but he's extremely hard to top lmao). I feel that your channel is gonna blow up soon, and I can't wait for your next videos!
This channel is amazing. The concepts are explained very well. Thanks for making these videos.
Schrödinger's model next?
Definitely on the horizon
@Dog Ma Actually I was under the impression, that the Cat thought experiment was to demonstrate that something about the superposition of states was wrong? Can't remember where I came across that.
@Dog Ma the thing is that QM doesn't actually deal with cats. Sure, the thought experiment is imperfect, but a perfect example is just the real thing. Superposition is what the example is actually about, and the example makes more sense in that context.
The cat is dead.
@@carlosoliveira-rc2xt not in my worlds
Like the other people said, I hope this channel never loses its quality in the subject of the videos and its production. This channel is a rarity in so many ways that I really hope you continue this. Its really good. Outstanding, I would say.
You've been having a massive high-quality output this month. Keep up the great work!
Thanks, will do!
Well done! Well written! Wonderful seeing the photos. Thank you.
I always wanted to be a physicist.. did my masters too.. but couldn’t pursue it further. Your videos exactly explaining not only the results and the flashy headlines but also the mathematics of how to get there make me relive my love for physics. Thank you so much for making them. Please keep making them.
I honestly can't wait for the next one.
I need more.
Awesome work. Simplistic, but not simplifying. Marvellous.
Thanks for the encouragement, I really appreciate it. Hopefully should have another video in the next few weeks
One thing I particularly like about these videos is they tie the reasonably-detailed algebra to experimental results. In this case, including the photograph of the spectral emission lines from hydrogen really brings home that all the maths leading up to that point is describing a real, testable phenomenon.
Great video, a little complicated for me, but great video
Dude, your videos are awesome! You made me understand with them some concepts i was struggling for quite some time. Please, make more videos! And I totally agree with The One: you have the same gift to expain hard stuff as the guys over 3B1B have. Thanks a lot!
Dude, I wanna cry with joy. I feel like a child on Christmas Day whenever I watch one of your videos.
Yes. You are the 3Blue1Brown of Physics! Thank you both
Your work has been a stepping stone forward in my life literally. Thank you++.What seemed intimidating to my thinking you have made it all logical and rational with background to the problems and their eventual path to solutions.Each piece in the work made sense and the explanations were timely. Just wish you had more videos.
I really love your explanations! You don’t skip Important parts!
Glad you enjoyed it, thanks for the comment
This channel is excellent thank you! Cannot wait to see more!
Excellent video! I really appreciate your work. Can't wait for the next one!
Thanks for the feedback, hopefully should have another in the next couple of weeks
1, Do not stop doing this.
2. Your handwriting is beautiful as well, apart from the pictures used I believe it would take less time to produce videos with handwriting.
3. You may not do this a full-time job, but what you are doing is valuable and if you can mass produce these videos I am sure people will notice soon.
4. I don't know your education level, but if you can touch more advanced subjects it would be really nice.
Keep up the good work.
Thanks for your feedback. You are right, videos with hand-writing are far less time consuming. I will probably produce a mixture of videos in the future. I have a PhD in theoretical physics and have considered doing a series of videos on quantum field theory and string theory, but first I am going to cover the basics of quantum mechanics and special relativity
@@PhysicsExplainedVideos I could tell you know a lot on the subject, now I know it. You could do series like DrPhysicsA, which are basically a summary of Susskind's Theoretical Minimum. You have really nice dots as well, on your 'Estimating the number of atoms in the observable universe' video your dots are making me feel comfortable. So touching some Boltzmann subjects would be eye candy (with a lot of dots involved obviously!!!).
Also, your video titles are really nice; everybody is into well-delivered clickbait videos. Like 3b1b's hardest question on the hardest test, or most of the quantum mechanic videos.
I would say there are not that many string theory videos that are visually satisfying, given the complexity and math required to understand the topic (and it always feels like string theory is built upon the idea of unreasonable efficacy of mathematics, which is why its probably very promising theory as well.)
I feel like expanding this channel (which you should be doing given you are one of few physicists with good handwriting and deep knowledge on the subject) relies on well-delivered quantum mechanics videos. Not so surprisingly quantum videos are getting millions of views (probably due to magical interpretation of the subject by popular science), a well-delivered video explaining everything that led the development and implications of the subject will be well appreciated by the public.
Clearly getting clicks is not the main purpose of making educational videos. Learning more about the subject while delivering, teaching and ego-boosting are probably the main reasons behind it; but at the end of the day, we are animals that love positive feedback and social acceptance. So getting more views will ensure you will deliver more videos with higher quality.
Please use more handwriting and never shy away from diving deep into mathematics. Teach the rules and apply them to problems like how can you calculate gravitational constant, what really is an electron, infinite slit experiment or whatever comes to your mind. Keep it clickbaity, equation filled and comprehensive. Good luck!
Excellent presentation
The best I've seen until now
Glad you liked it!
What an awesome video man. Sincerely thank you.
This is one of the most beautiful videos I've ever had the fortune to watch. Thank you.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Great video! Keep up the good work! I suspect, in a couple of month this channel is going to blow up. I'm going to subscribe now, before this becomes a major channel.
Thanks for the encouragement, much appreciated
One of your best yet!!! Thank you.
Thanks!
Best presentation on this subject on youtube so far
After 20+ years I finally understand how spectral analysis works. Thank you!
thank you - such an informative and entertaining at the same time upload. Much appreciated.
This is perfection. I will be watching this many times.
Thank you so much for making this
Love your series. The histories are fascinating.
Absolutely brilliant explanation! Thanks for the video :) Reminds me of my high school physics teacher, who used to explain things so neatly, I still remember it :)
Glad you liked it, thanks for leaving a comment!
Brilliant video! I only got a brief intro in school, and this explains much more. Very interesting.
I wish you'd have a separate video on the story of the electron and Thomson's experiments. It rarely gets a lot of attention, if any, but sometimes it feels like it is what actually triggered the quantum revolution. In any case, thank you so much for such clear and detailed explanations, with maths included!
How do you get the 'trigger' out of that? Historically, it is pretty clear that it was Planck's bold quantum hypothesis for the Planck Radiation Law that triggered it. And he was considering a blackbody, no atomic hypothesis required at all. It is only late commentators who claimed the quantum oscillators where atoms. Planck did not actually need this hypothesis to explain the oscillators and their quantization.
Really well explained and understandable. Better than some of the actual physics classes I've had.
Brilliant for its clarity. So lucidly explained .
We need more videos like this. Please continue to. make! Big thanks for your efforts.
Outstanding, awesome vídeo, bravo!! I suggest anothers ones in the same fashion regarding the Sommerfeld, De Boglie, Dirac and Schrodinger models and thesis. Thank you for your Work and please, go ahead, you bet...
Oh please please make more videos like this! Would be amazing to see your explanation of photoelectric effect, with historical progression and context as you so very well put it in your other videos!
or perhaps moving into quantum mechanics or optics would be amazing!
Love the channel! Keep up the good work man.
Thanks for the encouragement, much appreciated
Absolutely fantastic content. For a layperson like myself, it's great to see the equations because it gives an real insight into the elegant beauty of the mathmatics behind the universe.
Very, very helpful information for anyone going through college-level physics or even chemistry and biology in some cases. BRAVO. This is WONDERFUL information and it's so easy to understand. You have no idea how much I appreciate this content! THANK YOUUUU!!!!!
Glad it was helpful!
I gotta say Something, you are so awesome.
Explaining physics so good and mit leaving out the math!
This is definitely the best new science series on youtube!
Wow, thanks!
This was such a throwback to my school days, I absolutely loved it. Are you going to make a video on the cloud model as well?
That last minute lierally gave me chills! Wow I cant be more thankful to you, I thought I would never understand this concepts but now i can say I do. You are a true educator. Thanks again!
I’m impressed by the fact that when a question pops up in our mind by watching your vid, a bit of a second later the answer appears magically. It is as if you could predict our thoughts 💭😝.
A very good and complete work that make us realize a part of the beauty behind those subject and the answers given by the passing time and those who follow it. 🖤📐
I watched this film and immediately subscribed to the channel. Brilliantly explained!
Excellent, explains things that Ive always wondered about.
This content is so easy to understand. Thank you!
I can't believe I have to pay roughly £10,000 a year for university when content like this is free.