What an imaginative and thought-provoking hypothesis! And _stellivore_ is such a cool word, too. For anyone interested in stellar engines, Kurzgesagt have a video on stellar engines, focussing specifically on the Shkadov and Caplan thrusters; it's giddily enjoyable viewing. 😀
Given the way some macro-scale organisms form body plans resembling their micro-scale forms, I long ago imagined a spiral-shaped root-like worm-thing, that would grow its spiral longer & longer into an arc, dipping down into the soil & back then back up, to nearly form a ring, the curving coil circling back upon itself to form a second, larger coil, orthogonal to the first. The larger coil's curve would eventually form a circle underground, layering above & below itself to create a half-buried cylindrical wall, with a hollow tube system connecting top to bottom, to promote flow as an aid to resource collection. Eventually, the towers would get too tall or their bases would hit bedrock, & they'd begin to lay over; rather than dying, they'd firm massive tubular walls that stretch across the landscape until reaching an obstruction, where they'd twist & curve, & where the walls meet, they'd climb atop & dig below each other, until a whole world is wrapped in spirals within spirals within spirals. Once a whole planet was wrapped in a massive coil, the magnetic propulsion could begin... Steering the world toward impact after impact. Always growing, consolidating to absorb uneven spots, & growing still... If they got big enough to eat giant worlds, they'd begin to encircle a star; the better to steer more material their way. The biggest ones would form long twisting filaments jetting through space on ion propulsion, sucking whole stars down the pipe. I imagined a _lot_ of different aliens, as a kid...
I think the Kardashev Type civ scale is a little flawed, maybe civs that start around red dwarf stars do their planets power first but for us the sun is just so much better. Plus I think any civ that taps their planet to hard kills itself, so best to skip the civ 1 stuff and just go straight to solar.
@@Sutairn Yeah, if humans were really motivated in doing so, we could have made a dyson swarm by 2090 or smth, by now we'd already be like 20% done if we take it since 20 years since mankind put someone on the moon, our planet to us is practically heaven, tons of resources, nearly all technological used resources in abundance it'd make sense for us to skip levels whereas another species may need to prep their foundation better.
@@Aureonw So I do agree with you on kinda this but the issue with old tech is not collecting it but how do we send it back to us without heating up the atmosphere a ton. Basically we need a moon base to send this to.
I feel like if you have the energy, materials, and ability needed to pull off moving multiple stars, you would have had to have found a more convenient method of interstellar travel. The only reasons I can think to move your entire house (star system) instead of just moving to a different home would be A. You're in an isolated part of the galaxy B. You're trying to save your system from sort of catastrophic event, like a nearby supernova Still seems like it'd be more effort than it's worth
Good point. But maybe convenient interstellar travel just isn't possible at all? I assume advanced species are out there and if they had fast interstellar travel we might have been well visited long before now.
The biggest arguments i always hear against dyson swarms or things like this is....why? They always say "if they had this level of ability why would they do THIS, wouldn't they have other better ways" .... A possible reason for this is that the gravity of the star is going to (as long as the change in momentum or direction is done gradually) it's going to keep everything around it with it. Sure interstellar travel may be easy for them, but a few things about that; ships only move a small portion of your people, if they don't have stasis then not only do those ships need fuel but the storage capabilities to bring enough resources for everyone and then what about emergency situations...this way you are able to move everyone all at once, all your resources are being brought with you.
Something just popped into my head...maybe not aliens themselves but AI or machine civilization...if they were all connected but can only get so far away from each other, the spider star could be a way they move between stars gathering specific resources.
Larry Niven and Gregory Benford wrote "A Bowl of Heaven" and its second half "Shipstar" with this theme. They consider two types of extreme megastructures and some of their implications. One such is wrangling black holes for use in interstellar communications. {^_^}
Exploring the "It's Aliens"-explanation (IA) is always worth it. Like AI, IA gives you much more attention. And who wouldn't want to be the first one to actually find some aliens?
Too funny! First, all my favorite content creators upload videos on black holes. Now a different group picks things with a spider in the storyline... 🤔 I'll take may wins with my nightmares and like it I guess!! 😆
Nice one to go with pulsars used for mapping and navigation and a type to go with pulsars with glitches from a mega structure for power and communication arrays. I guess the question would be how to tell natural vs artificial.
@@stevenmoore3480 it is not about being special, if it's something you can't understand you should simply not speak about. I was not diagnosed because I wanted to be special, I was diagnosed because I had difficylties and I don't see how you can be proud of your difficulties by representing yourself by it. I have qualities like I have difficulties, so do you and at this point we are human at the end. And if you interpret my commentary as a act of proud, note that I just wanted to make a joke and nothing more. It was not destined to you but more for the people that understand it.
Given that it is possible for an advanced civilisation to construct this type of transport system, I have one question :- How and where do they obtain the vast amount of materials necessary to construct it?
The Milky Way has trillions of planets waiting for someone to do something useful with them. We will one day grind-up some of Jupiter's & Saturn's moons to build something.
@@douglaswilkinson5700Those are mostly ice, and pretty small. It’d make way more sense to grind up mercury and Venus - not like anyone was going to be living on those anyways.
@@oberonpanopticon OK! Let's consider a DS inside the orbit of Mercury. A shell say, 4 million km in radius and only 1 km thick. That would equate to a total shell volume of 2.01E14 km^3. ASSUMING :- Constructing 10% of total shell volume. : 2.01E14 / 10 = 2.01E13 km^3. Mass of structure 10% of that volume. : 2.01E13 / 10 = 2.01E12 km^3. Total weight of steel (7.5E9 Tonnes/km^3). : 7.50E9 * 2.01E12 = 1.51E23 Tonnes. AVAILABLE MATERIALS. Total mass of Solar System minus the Sun. : 2.7E24 Tonnes. Available iron content say 3%. : (2.7E24 * 3) /100 = 8.10E22 Tonnes. CONCLUSION. The amount of available iron in the Solar System amounts to just over half that required to construct a structure capable of collecting only 10% of solar output. This is a very rough approximation of of the steel required to build the supporting structure. It does not include materials for the generation and transmission of power. Neither does it account for protection against the loss of strength in steel when reaching temperatures exceeding 550deg C.
@@oberonpanopticon You are correct. They are dead rocks. The last time I said that our solar system is our's and we can do whatever we want with it a large number people reacted negatively: "We must protect every planet; It's arrogant to assumed we own planets in out solar system; what if aliens see us doing this and wipe us out; etc.
I often wish Anton sometimes would make a side project video where he talks about or shows something about his other interests besides astronomy/astrophysics.
At first I was confused by your argument at 9:00. (I would like to point out - I also don't think it's aliens. Globular clusters have lots of "close" stars, and that's going to increase the chance of this type of thing happening naturally.) "It would be kind of difficult to explain why we actually see so many of them inside Omega Centauri. Here a lot of stars are actually really close to each other and moving from one star to another shouldn't really be that difficult especially for a type two civilization" At first I thought "Of course you would? if you're moving a star, and the way you move it is efficient, and you have an industrialized civilization set up, you're going to copy that method across all applicable places." After thinking about it, I think I get what you were saying. You were saying that it's relatively easy to move individuals and ships between such close stars, especially for K2 civilizations. Yes, that'd be true, but the difference is that making a thruster like this is for moving the entire star... no, the solar system, whatever dyson swarm you made, and anything else you have set up with you to another location. The point is, you're moving the star itself, because it holds all the infrastructure and runs all your systems for your star empire. Sure, you could move bits and pieces at a time, perhaps large percentages even, by using a dyson swarm laser propulsion array... but at that point what your doing is disassembling all the hard work you did to set up your K2 civilization, and leaving the current star(s) that are still capable of fueling it just for slightly greener pastures. Why not just continue building up the swarm/ matryoshka brain/ etc and eventually reach a new star in a few hundred/thousand years that will ADD to your K2 civilization, not just replace it.
When you think that their is Limit to Growth and no Infinite Growth, there's always a scientist to add a "well, actually". It just that the step between where we are and that is way to big to imagine. It would however make a fabulous Great Filter. But now i'm starting to wonder if there is a point where your solar system can get "to big" for your main star to capture through gravity. Wait, beyond the Type 2 might not even be a Type 3 according to the Kardashev Scale but an artificial mini galaxy ? You move it around until it's big enough to completely eat a natural galaxy, then you try to replicate that to eat nearby galaxy until the natural expansion of the universe makes it impossible for any other galaxy to be around, creating a mini local universe after hundreds of billions of years ? This would make a great sf plot, until some scientist publish a paper stating that it is indeed possible (or not).
I wonder if at the rate of consumption of the one star, will there be enough left if the system "arrives" at the "target star" and if so, then would that then make the system a three-star system? If a civilization is clever enough to be a Type II Civilization, I'm sure they can more easily deal with their own "3-body" problems. Perhaps they are simply moving a way from a more destructive force with no real destination? Also, it could be that they simply mean to pass through or by systems to "seed" potentially habitable planets (whatever that means for that particular life-form)? I could see how a "star-killer" base might be an inspiration for this kind of hypothesis, though. Fun to imagine about it!
If there are advanced civilizations, the nature of light should allow us to see this. Im hopeful we can get some confirmation along evidence of others out there.
Theories like this are always baffling to be honest, why would an advanced civilisation bother to 1: destroy their home star, rather than doing this to a nearby one 2: pilot an entire star over centuries to relocate, rather than just building ships to move about for far fewer resources Now if we're talking about flying pulsars about to eat unpopulated stars and then harvesting the energy, that makes a bit more sense
Imo the best part of Eddies is that crushing anxiety and paranoia. It really lets me focus on thing i normally ignore. Like calling my father, cleaning my room, going to the dentist, etc.
To be fair to the technological hypothesis, if stars are close together in Omega Centauri then any intelligent species would be close to each other too. If the cluster evolved intelligence a few times and they were packed in close to each other, you could envision a scenario where multiple species become aware of each other and able to talk to each other basically as soon as each figures out radio communication. That being the case their exploration of space would more likely be collaborative rather than driven by competition between individual nations. I would expect to see the best ideas in the cluster proliferate throughout the cluster.
I know. I know! There is a rock concert scheduled in that cluster, and all those civilizations are going to see it. Phfish or the Hateful Dead, probably! The trend on this planet has been to develop more efficient energy sources, that use less energy. Why would a type II civilization need such massive amounts? Why would they waste the amounts that this form of travel would require, unless their own corner of the universe was going to suffer a catastrophe so dire they needed to bolt immediately! Thank you, Anton!
I didn't think today would be the day I learn about a star eating another star as means of navigation... I knew about using a star to travel space, I always pictured it as a Dyson Sphere, not as this... Wild and honestly geniusly terrifying.
I have to disagree this video sparked the interest of alien heads but true logic not even the best super advance future robots can live around a pulsar much less any life.
Would make a hell of a "windshield". So far, we have not really been looking at the simple dangers of objects in the path of a craft. No forcefields or repulser beam tech on the horizon. Traveling across space is dangerous in so many ways.
I've tried to point this out to people here on this channel multiple times whenever someone starts romanticizing about interstellar travel, or even high speed interplanetary travel. The 800 lb. Gorilla in the room will always be the risk of collisions. Until that problem is solved, everything else is moot.
@@stargazer5784What collisions? You could fly through a thousand lightyears of interstellar space without hitting anything larger than a golf ball. Just have a thick ablative shield on the front of your ship to deal with particles and send a cloud of dust ahead to break up the larger objects.
@@oberonpanopticon - A "golfball" could destroy a ship, depending on how fast you are travelling. And, the farther the distance, the more the chances are that any number of things will cross your path. Speed increases the energy and mass of an object. There are many more variables and possibilities that Im not listing, including many I dont know about. Collisions are a topic at needs to be addressed.
It's honestly kinda crazy to think about sometimes, like impending and nothing but loneliness (from a human perspective, and considering space has a lot of empty space) doom kinda creepy.
No, because if you have the ability to move stars themselves, it means you already had the technology to get to said star in the first place , meaning you have a form of travel to get from one star to the other, meaning there’s no reason to move the star itself in the first place , and if your moving them all to one location you’d be advanced enough to relies that’s not a good idea , see Magellanic clouds , with so many stars in one location not only do you have to deal with the fact you’d need to travel further and further to bring them back , but your also creating a vast gravity field in one location that you’d eventually have to deal with .
@@osmosisjones4912 yes like instead of picking berries you sail mammoth tankers across the planet because you want your berries out of season... we came a long way with efficiency 🙄
Jevon's Paradox states that increasing energy efficiency results in MORE energy being being used in total. That is why more energy efficiency has resulted in MORE energy in total being used. Energy savings are invested in growing the economy. Plus energy efficiency will only get you just so far because you can not get more than 100% efficiency and you not even get to 100%.
Either there’s a very easy to define maximum for efficiency, or perpetual motion machines are possible. Thermodynamics; love em or hate em, they ain’t changing.
@@coweatsmanJavons paradox is rather limited to certian on our global trade dealing with humans in particular, and more particularly with what metrics weve choosen to promote. LED Light bulbs are an example that breaks Javons Paradox. Cars on smaller island countries are another. There is an somewhat historic example from the late 90's where computers where getting more efficent faster then software could handle so most prebuilt units dud not increase PSU capacity despite computers technically being capable. Also we've broken 10% efficiency on most things. Computing is almost always going to be a diffrent story as its just transforms so any use is wasted energy, leaving us with quite a ways to go there, but even Hydrogen production from water is almost to 100% of what is possible in theroy
It's probably childsplay wrangling 3D bosonic matter from a higher dimension, for the aliens that evolved into pure consciousness; or something..:::🤔🕶🌌
I wanna know if we’d be able to detect the signs of space battles. What conditions would have to be true for a spaceship exploding to be noticeable? Could a large enough fleets engines be detected?
My problem with the Type I, type II etc hypotheses: They assume advanced civilizations will be based on our own economic model of unlimited growth and consumption. As we approach our own great filter head on, it seems to me that in order to survive that long, any advanced civilization would need to develop a strong ethos of sustainability early on.
Or, I think more likely, simply fail to sustain a resource intensive civilization - which amounts to the same thing effectively. A sustainable civilization in any realistic scenario is a failed civilization.
That same logic could be applied to that idea too. My counter argument is, why sustain when there is a unfathomable about of energy out there, so much so that the easiest way to sustain ourselves is to exponentially expand.
I completely agree here ! It's seems very naive and very optimistic at the same time to imagine aliens doing that. (or even us in a far distant future) The fact is : we don't know. We are far too young to know! It's like a 5 year old boy thinking he knows how his life will be in 30 years. There is a high chance he will be way off in his predictions about himself. It's nice and all to use imagination. But we should be humble and be cautious not to be overconfident about our future.
I had a thought earlier today, and cant shake it. Ive often thought that the Universe, since its expanding it volume yet no new mass is introduced, would be slowly becoming less dense over time. But then i had a thought that, What if as the universe cools, the matter weighs more? and that eventually it could cool to the point that matter particles themselves would each be capable of producing a singularity. and the effect would sunder the entire verse. I wonder how much truth this holds, or if its already something others are discussing. Im sure i cant be the only one to have considered these notions.
It is really interesting (even if it is not aliens ;)), from the perspective of how to adjust the movement of stellar objects (which are definitely not conventional engines). Not practical at this stage, but cool ideas.
The biggest bummer is that we don't have long enough lives to find out....and technically with how far away it is, it's probably already gotten there, and if driven, possibly changed direction and already headed somewhere else.
I love it. I've had some daydreams wondering if it would be possible to drive a solar system. But would the planets really follow along? Considering the whole solar system is being pulled around the galactic nucleus, not really 'following' the star. I'd think if you're not careful, you'd lose the planets if the star becomes a spider pulsar . But then again I'm not an advanced alien, they'd figure out a solution :D
Moving an entire civilization using spaceships would be absurdly impractical, but that doesn’t bolster the K type 2 solar system moving hypothesis. Would be cool though👽
Assuming they are intelligently guided, maybe they aren't going toward something, maybe going away from something. There are a lot of dangerous places in space, they might be trying to get away from an imminent supernova, or the path of a black hole. They might just be trying to find a new, safer spot.
Sounds interesting... The issue is for something surviving that kind of environment. I don't think even artificial life (electronics, basically) would survive.
Depends on if you thinking a trinary as a three body problem or just a 2 body system. All three body problem system decay in about 1 to 10 million years so that is not enough time for a pulsar to develop in the system. if you think about a 3 star system that is a 2 body system, most of these situation end with the smaller third star being eaten by one of the other larger stars and then it take billions of years for the orbit of those two to decay enough for them to start interacting to make a pulsar. So basically no most of the time no launching or trebuchet propulsion would happen.
Why would they want to move? Is there a danger they're trying to get away from? Are they moving to a place with better resources? Are they trying to escape from the great attractor?
That’s all the universe needed. A darn civilisation that goes around the whole universe, potentially, devouring every star and every other thing like a celestial swarm of locusts…… ⚛️☮️🌏
It's such an inefficient way to go about it; all that mass is just wasted by throwing it away behind you. It's also VERY noticeable and gives anyone else a lot of time to take action against them (if the moving ones are hostile, or the watcher is simply a paranoid and violent nut, etc).
The hope for aliens has an interesting history. From hopes of civilisations on Mars and Venus being dashed thoroughly to LGMs (little green men) being a speculative possibility in the early days of pulsar discoveries to the "Wow" signal to possible "Dyson Spheres" as possible aliens all being dashed to the Fermi Paradox to the "filter" and various other explanations which keeps hope alive to SETI. It may be more fruitful to look for for techno signatures of extinct civilisations. Just as there are on earth more collapsed civilisations and more dead people than live ones.
That’s very interesting topic. I’ve always wondered, in the case of a K- 1.1 to K-2 civilization, we know they’d be able to harvest solar mass type energy balls, but what would they be using all that energy for? 🤔
Who's to say that a civilization could be advanced yet not really into technology too. Maybe they look inward or are more into their own form of spirituality (whatever that may be, could even be unrecognizable to us).
Mostly we think they will think like us, that may not be at all, we also see ET in most unexplained events in the cosmos which turn out to be something else in the theoretical world.
The beings within the star can also absorb the entire star into their bodies and can use the energy to pull against other celestial objects to bring themselves closer to other star systems using relativity. Trust me when I say it's been done before
maybe not This One, but just like an ant colony discovering that the "flat rock" outside their anthill is actually an Interstate Highway 1000 miles long, something we view as a natural feature of the Universe may turn out to be the artifacts of beings we can't even begin to comprehend. They'll fry us with their pulsar passing by, just like we would crush the anthill when we pulled over to change a flat tire.
Maybe this is how galaxies are formed. Civilizations seeking to devour all the power sources around them. Because we all know that at the bottom of a black hole singularity is a McDonalds sign.
Chicken Nuggets have subatomic particles. And I don’t know why, but when I eat them, time goes by very quickly. The middle of the Golden Arches looks like a singularity. Obviously the edge of the event horizon is once you make it past the drive thru to order.
It makes more sense than galactic empires. Civilisations using up resources and moving on is more energy efficient than policing colonies hundreds of light years apart
It would be interesting if they all seem to be moving towards destinations… It would be EXTREMELY interesting if they all seemed to be moving toward a common destination 😲 In that case… the potential would exist that they (the advanced civilization) might be moving the stars to the planned “building site” of their largest megastructure to ever be built. 1) Move a bunch of stars to preferred location. 2) Begin star lifting project materials/resources from the stars. 3) Begin building your megastructure. Entire cities have been built here on Earth, primarily to appease the ego of particular rulers… Imagine the “legacy” that a civilization could leave behind with the material lifted from 18 to 20 stars or so 😂😂😂
As cool as this idea sounds... is the proposition that life evolved in the system, survived the collapse of its main star into a pulsar, then constructed some kind of uber magnet capable of driving the pulsar... but did not use its uber magnet technology previously to, say, drive old fashioned space ships out of the system before the star collapsed?
Who said they didn't ? Maybe they're actually living in other star systems, and what they're moving is a system strictly dedicated to energy production.
Hard to imagine anything being able to live in a system with a pulsar. It's much more reasonable to assume they came about in a much more hospitable place, then either found or made another star into a pulsar. As for why - they might actually need the star for another megaproject, or even to use as a weapon.
@@Fossil_Frank An already interstellar civilization moving around pulsars for its own (doubtless sinister) purposes does feel more plausible to me than a civilization "using up" its own star and then driving it to another one. Moreover, because this civilization would be looking for pulsars with the right companion stars, the need for a remarkable coincidence is eliminated.
@@Fossil_Frank In the case where the civilization starts in the pulsar's system, not only was the system somehow appropriate for life, but there happened to be a perfect companion star for driving the pulsar when the need arose. That remarkable coincidence is not required when the civilization starts somewhere else and goes looking for pulsars.
Can an elliptical orbit explain this exhaust shape of the ejections ? ... Only when they come very close on one side of the orbit the excess heat cause ejections
Interesting video, however skepticism for the energy output of stars! Not least, isnt energy efficiency quantum size over astronomical sequestration of the total output of stars, or specialised pulsars' output for energy purposes unknown?!😮🎉
There's an old Romulan saying: "The grass is always bluer on the other side of the galaxy."
There's an old Klingon saying: "Romulans are p'takh."
@Deletirium Oh, that's cruel. Klingons are deplorable!
There's another old Romulan saying: "Klingons are veruul."
That's what they want you to think!
@@Deletirium Oh, snap!
I can't wait for the day that Anton says it is aliens.
If he still does videos in 100 years we will know it without him saying it.
Be ready to wait till he lives to be the old age of 155.
when he smiles at the cam and waves he already looks alien
No matter what mystery there is, Anton would always attest that dark matter unicorns are the leading culprit.
@@chabis Or Anton has become immortal
Aliens are like "Its never Anton"
Larry Niven describes this...twice, actually. With Gregory Benford in "Bowl of Heaven" & "Shipstar", and solo in "Ringworld's Children"
What an imaginative and thought-provoking hypothesis! And _stellivore_ is such a cool word, too. For anyone interested in stellar engines, Kurzgesagt have a video on stellar engines, focussing specifically on the Shkadov and Caplan thrusters; it's giddily enjoyable viewing. 😀
I prefer the term astrophage
I'd be hard-pressed to work a samovar, much less one o' them!
Given the way some macro-scale organisms form body plans resembling their micro-scale forms, I long ago imagined a spiral-shaped root-like worm-thing, that would grow its spiral longer & longer into an arc, dipping down into the soil & back then back up, to nearly form a ring, the curving coil circling back upon itself to form a second, larger coil, orthogonal to the first.
The larger coil's curve would eventually form a circle underground, layering above & below itself to create a half-buried cylindrical wall, with a hollow tube system connecting top to bottom, to promote flow as an aid to resource collection. Eventually, the towers would get too tall or their bases would hit bedrock, & they'd begin to lay over; rather than dying, they'd firm massive tubular walls that stretch across the landscape until reaching an obstruction, where they'd twist & curve, & where the walls meet, they'd climb atop & dig below each other, until a whole world is wrapped in spirals within spirals within spirals.
Once a whole planet was wrapped in a massive coil, the magnetic propulsion could begin... Steering the world toward impact after impact. Always growing, consolidating to absorb uneven spots, & growing still...
If they got big enough to eat giant worlds, they'd begin to encircle a star; the better to steer more material their way. The biggest ones would form long twisting filaments jetting through space on ion propulsion, sucking whole stars down the pipe.
I imagined a _lot_ of different aliens, as a kid...
Sometimes, becoming a Kardashev Type 2 civilization seems like too much work.
Great comment It got a guffaw out of me. As a 70 yo man, I could do a lot of things. But my chair in my house is very comfortable.
I think the Kardashev Type civ scale is a little flawed, maybe civs that start around red dwarf stars do their planets power first but for us the sun is just so much better. Plus I think any civ that taps their planet to hard kills itself, so best to skip the civ 1 stuff and just go straight to solar.
The Kardashians are 5 and uncivilized
@@Sutairn Yeah, if humans were really motivated in doing so, we could have made a dyson swarm by 2090 or smth, by now we'd already be like 20% done if we take it since 20 years since mankind put someone on the moon, our planet to us is practically heaven, tons of resources, nearly all technological used resources in abundance it'd make sense for us to skip levels whereas another species may need to prep their foundation better.
@@Aureonw So I do agree with you on kinda this but the issue with old tech is not collecting it but how do we send it back to us without heating up the atmosphere a ton. Basically we need a moon base to send this to.
A stellar devourer using and consuming the star in search of another star to consume
Capitalist 👽, Consume local Resources and move to the next ✨ System
the ultimate consumer culture 😂🎉
Sounds like Galactus to me
@@xxACIDVIRUSxx Or a Kardashian...
Or Unicron. They're all the same, really.
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 🫠🫡
I feel like if you have the energy, materials, and ability needed to pull off moving multiple stars, you would have had to have found a more convenient method of interstellar travel. The only reasons I can think to move your entire house (star system) instead of just moving to a different home would be
A. You're in an isolated part of the galaxy
B. You're trying to save your system from sort of catastrophic event, like a nearby supernova
Still seems like it'd be more effort than it's worth
Unless there is a religious motivation.
Might be someone throwing a star at someone else...
@@degenererad this would be more likely as neutron stars aren't renowned for their hospitality unless you like bathing in gamma rays and x rays.
Good point. But maybe convenient interstellar travel just isn't possible at all? I assume advanced species are out there and if they had fast interstellar travel we might have been well visited long before now.
@@degenererad this is what I was thinking. If tribalism and inequality is a fundamental aspect of all life, they could use stars as weapons.
The biggest arguments i always hear against dyson swarms or things like this is....why? They always say "if they had this level of ability why would they do THIS, wouldn't they have other better ways" .... A possible reason for this is that the gravity of the star is going to (as long as the change in momentum or direction is done gradually) it's going to keep everything around it with it. Sure interstellar travel may be easy for them, but a few things about that; ships only move a small portion of your people, if they don't have stasis then not only do those ships need fuel but the storage capabilities to bring enough resources for everyone and then what about emergency situations...this way you are able to move everyone all at once, all your resources are being brought with you.
Something just popped into my head...maybe not aliens themselves but AI or machine civilization...if they were all connected but can only get so far away from each other, the spider star could be a way they move between stars gathering specific resources.
Larry Niven and Gregory Benford wrote "A Bowl of Heaven" and its second half "Shipstar" with this theme. They consider two types of extreme megastructures and some of their implications. One such is wrangling black holes for use in interstellar communications.
{^_^}
Cowboing a binary star system and riding it across the Universe? Sounds badass
Whenever a video’s title asks a question, the answer is no.
Betteridge's Law of Headlines
Or the video proceeds to be a 10/15 min redundancy with a sponsor break just to make us waste a bit of life
Except in this case, the answer is also no.
😂
@@Oltoir Imma make a UA-cam video about that and title it "Is Betteridge's Law True?" and watch heads explode.
Cool,thanks Anton🕷👍❤
Exploring the "It's Aliens"-explanation (IA) is always worth it. Like AI, IA gives you much more attention. And who wouldn't want to be the first one to actually find some aliens?
Assuming that they neither want to harm us nor have the ability to do so.
@@douglaswilkinson5700 Being the one who brought them to Earth may indeed be less desirable.
Oh Anton throwing cover for the aliens again? Fox Mulder would be so disappointed.
Yeeeah.. It's all very open and obvious by now. They're here, and they've been here for quite a while.
7:50 - It's a tribute to human intellect that we have a comparison chart for stellar propulsion systems.
Does anyone else ever wave back at Anton? Hello wonderful person! (cheesy grin) WAVE! (waves back) Or is that just me?
I'm a rotten person so that would be disingenuous...
Too funny! First, all my favorite content creators upload videos on black holes. Now a different group picks things with a spider in the storyline...
🤔 I'll take may wins with my nightmares and like it I guess!! 😆
Nice one to go with pulsars used for mapping and navigation and a type to go with pulsars with glitches from a mega structure for power and communication arrays. I guess the question would be how to tell natural vs artificial.
Intriguing hypothesises!
trying to send even the most shielded robotics to try and do anything around a neutron star is near impossible to even consider much less a pulsar.
My God, it's full of stars.
Not mac n cheese
@@nudoge babies can't eat mac n cheese
David boman
"Fellas, I think it's time we go on a Space Odyssey". - John Starman, 2001
@@Sutairn my baby said "i eat mac n cheese"
I have ASD, I am already an alien on this planet. Unfortunately I don't use neutron star as engines yet...
who isn't nowadays...
@@stevenmoore3480 what do you mean?
@@pigeongris9429 I have MCD (mean comment disorder). Take it as a teachable moment... don't start a convo or thread with how special you are.
@@stevenmoore3480 it is not about being special, if it's something you can't understand you should simply not speak about. I was not diagnosed because I wanted to be special, I was diagnosed because I had difficylties and I don't see how you can be proud of your difficulties by representing yourself by it. I have qualities like I have difficulties, so do you and at this point we are human at the end. And if you interpret my commentary as a act of proud, note that I just wanted to make a joke and nothing more. It was not destined to you but more for the people that understand it.
Big homie AP! You, sir, are appreciated most greatly, sir. Most greatly...MOST! 🕺🕺🚀🎇🎆❤️🔥
Given that it is possible for an advanced civilisation to construct this type of transport system, I have one question :-
How and where do they obtain the vast amount of materials necessary to construct it?
The Milky Way has trillions of planets waiting for someone to do something useful with them. We will one day grind-up some of Jupiter's & Saturn's moons to build something.
@@douglaswilkinson5700Those are mostly ice, and pretty small. It’d make way more sense to grind up mercury and Venus - not like anyone was going to be living on those anyways.
Interstellar mining robot?
@@oberonpanopticon OK! Let's consider a DS inside the orbit of Mercury. A shell say, 4 million km in radius and only 1 km thick. That would equate to a total shell volume of 2.01E14 km^3.
ASSUMING :-
Constructing 10% of total shell volume. : 2.01E14 / 10 = 2.01E13 km^3.
Mass of structure 10% of that volume. : 2.01E13 / 10 = 2.01E12 km^3.
Total weight of steel (7.5E9 Tonnes/km^3). : 7.50E9 * 2.01E12 = 1.51E23 Tonnes.
AVAILABLE MATERIALS.
Total mass of Solar System minus the Sun. : 2.7E24 Tonnes.
Available iron content say 3%. : (2.7E24 * 3) /100 = 8.10E22 Tonnes.
CONCLUSION.
The amount of available iron in the Solar System amounts to just over half that required to construct a structure capable of collecting only 10% of solar output. This is a very rough approximation of of the steel required to build the supporting structure. It does not include materials for the generation and transmission of power. Neither does it account for protection against the loss of strength in steel when reaching temperatures exceeding 550deg C.
@@oberonpanopticon You are correct. They are dead rocks. The last time I said that our solar system is our's and we can do whatever we want with it a large number people reacted negatively: "We must protect every planet; It's arrogant to assumed we own planets in out solar system; what if aliens see us doing this and wipe us out; etc.
What an amazing proposition. Such an imaginative scientific idea.
I often wish Anton sometimes would make a side project video where he talks about or shows something about his other interests besides astronomy/astrophysics.
I'm so sorry, guys. No, it was me. Tripped on a cable last night as I came into the house and dragged the pulsars across the living room.
At time 3:40 the Earth Moon labels should not be there
At least you didn't clog up M87 again- I was at it with the plunger all night.
@@Deletirium Uh...Umm, yeah definitely not me. No sir 🙄
@@jamespatrick5930yeah, that had me scratching my head
Love this thread
At first I was confused by your argument at 9:00.
(I would like to point out - I also don't think it's aliens. Globular clusters have lots of "close" stars, and that's going to increase the chance of this type of thing happening naturally.)
"It would be kind of difficult to explain why we actually see so many of them inside Omega Centauri. Here a lot of stars are actually really close to each other and moving from one star to another shouldn't really be that difficult especially for a type two civilization"
At first I thought "Of course you would? if you're moving a star, and the way you move it is efficient, and you have an industrialized civilization set up, you're going to copy that method across all applicable places."
After thinking about it, I think I get what you were saying. You were saying that it's relatively easy to move individuals and ships between such close stars, especially for K2 civilizations. Yes, that'd be true, but the difference is that making a thruster like this is for moving the entire star... no, the solar system, whatever dyson swarm you made, and anything else you have set up with you to another location.
The point is, you're moving the star itself, because it holds all the infrastructure and runs all your systems for your star empire. Sure, you could move bits and pieces at a time, perhaps large percentages even, by using a dyson swarm laser propulsion array... but at that point what your doing is disassembling all the hard work you did to set up your K2 civilization, and leaving the current star(s) that are still capable of fueling it just for slightly greener pastures. Why not just continue building up the swarm/ matryoshka brain/ etc and eventually reach a new star in a few hundred/thousand years that will ADD to your K2 civilization, not just replace it.
When you think that their is Limit to Growth and no Infinite Growth, there's always a scientist to add a "well, actually". It just that the step between where we are and that is way to big to imagine. It would however make a fabulous Great Filter.
But now i'm starting to wonder if there is a point where your solar system can get "to big" for your main star to capture through gravity.
Wait, beyond the Type 2 might not even be a Type 3 according to the Kardashev Scale but an artificial mini galaxy ? You move it around until it's big enough to completely eat a natural galaxy, then you try to replicate that to eat nearby galaxy until the natural expansion of the universe makes it impossible for any other galaxy to be around, creating a mini local universe after hundreds of billions of years ? This would make a great sf plot, until some scientist publish a paper stating that it is indeed possible (or not).
Pulsars are actually space polices enforcing the cosmic speed limit.
9:49 It's essentially an assembly line. Whenever we as humans find an area rich in resources, we exploit it. Why would aliens be any different?
"Why did you visit our solar system?" "We want to eat your star for fuel" "OK, that really sucks, literally"
If aliens ever visit, Anton needs to introduce us, and not some government suit.
😂😅 Mars Attacks!
"Hello wonderful Aliens, this is Anton."
"Hello wonderful Anton, this is Aliens!", they all say in unison.
I wonder if at the rate of consumption of the one star, will there be enough left if the system "arrives" at the "target star" and if so, then would that then make the system a three-star system? If a civilization is clever enough to be a Type II Civilization, I'm sure they can more easily deal with their own "3-body" problems. Perhaps they are simply moving a way from a more destructive force with no real destination? Also, it could be that they simply mean to pass through or by systems to "seed" potentially habitable planets (whatever that means for that particular life-form)? I could see how a "star-killer" base might be an inspiration for this kind of hypothesis, though. Fun to imagine about it!
If there are advanced civilizations, the nature of light should allow us to see this. Im hopeful we can get some confirmation along evidence of others out there.
It's never aliens.
But the food smells good.
Theories like this are always baffling to be honest, why would an advanced civilisation bother to 1: destroy their home star, rather than doing this to a nearby one 2: pilot an entire star over centuries to relocate, rather than just building ships to move about for far fewer resources
Now if we're talking about flying pulsars about to eat unpopulated stars and then harvesting the energy, that makes a bit more sense
Knew I shouldn’t have had these gummies
Imo the best part of Eddies is that crushing anxiety and paranoia. It really lets me focus on thing i normally ignore. Like calling my father, cleaning my room, going to the dentist, etc.
@@bryophytamantodea7254 dear jesus you wanted to kill the poor man
@Sutairn i almost mentioned the best part of weed to mans.
You know, the fact that the only danger is it can accelerate psychosis in some people 😈
To be fair to the technological hypothesis, if stars are close together in Omega Centauri then any intelligent species would be close to each other too. If the cluster evolved intelligence a few times and they were packed in close to each other, you could envision a scenario where multiple species become aware of each other and able to talk to each other basically as soon as each figures out radio communication. That being the case their exploration of space would more likely be collaborative rather than driven by competition between individual nations. I would expect to see the best ideas in the cluster proliferate throughout the cluster.
I know. I know! There is a rock concert scheduled in that cluster, and all those civilizations are going to see it. Phfish or the Hateful Dead, probably!
The trend on this planet has been to develop more efficient energy sources, that use less energy. Why would a type II civilization need such massive amounts? Why would they waste the amounts that this form of travel would require, unless their own corner of the universe was going to suffer a catastrophe so dire they needed to bolt immediately!
Thank you, Anton!
The concert is to be headlined by Hotblack Desiato and Disaster Area...
I didn't think today would be the day I learn about a star eating another star as means of navigation... I knew about using a star to travel space, I always pictured it as a Dyson Sphere, not as this... Wild and honestly geniusly terrifying.
As always thought provoking
You are such an indigo starseed T, greetings from a blue ray starseed
You are correct
wow. thats exceptionally interesting.
I have to disagree this video sparked the interest of alien heads but true logic not even the best super advance future robots can live around a pulsar much less any life.
I watched your video and I feel like playing Dyson Sphere Program again !
For info, this is touched on/explored in Stephen Baxter's SF novel Galaxias.
Would make a hell of a "windshield". So far, we have not really been looking at the simple dangers of objects in the path of a craft. No forcefields or repulser beam tech on the horizon. Traveling across space is dangerous in so many ways.
I've tried to point this out to people here on this channel multiple times whenever someone starts romanticizing about interstellar travel, or even high speed interplanetary travel. The 800 lb. Gorilla in the room will always be the risk of collisions. Until that problem is solved, everything else is moot.
@@stargazer5784What collisions? You could fly through a thousand lightyears of interstellar space without hitting anything larger than a golf ball. Just have a thick ablative shield on the front of your ship to deal with particles and send a cloud of dust ahead to break up the larger objects.
@@oberonpanopticon - A "golfball" could destroy a ship, depending on how fast you are travelling. And, the farther the distance, the more the chances are that any number of things will cross your path. Speed increases the energy and mass of an object.
There are many more variables and possibilities that Im not listing, including many I dont know about. Collisions are a topic at needs to be addressed.
It's honestly kinda crazy to think about sometimes, like impending and nothing but loneliness (from a human perspective, and considering space has a lot of empty space) doom kinda creepy.
No, because if you have the ability to move stars themselves, it means you already had the technology to get to said star in the first place , meaning you have a form of travel to get from one star to the other,
meaning there’s no reason to move the star itself in the first place , and if your moving them all to one location you’d be advanced enough to relies that’s not a good idea , see Magellanic clouds , with so many stars in one location not only do you have to deal with the fact you’d need to travel further and further to bring them back , but your also creating a vast gravity field in one location that you’d eventually have to deal with .
Probably not the case but an intriguing idea 🙂
Maybe advanced civilizations get more efficient with energy use
@@osmosisjones4912 yes like instead of picking berries you sail mammoth tankers across the planet because you want your berries out of season... we came a long way with efficiency 🙄
Jevon's Paradox states that increasing energy efficiency results in MORE energy being being used in total. That is why more energy efficiency has resulted in MORE energy in total being used. Energy savings are invested in growing the economy. Plus energy efficiency will only get you just so far because you can not get more than 100% efficiency and you not even get to 100%.
we’d better hope we can or we’ll be living on a sterile rock
Either there’s a very easy to define maximum for efficiency, or perpetual motion machines are possible. Thermodynamics; love em or hate em, they ain’t changing.
@@coweatsmanJavons paradox is rather limited to certian on our global trade dealing with humans in particular, and more particularly with what metrics weve choosen to promote.
LED Light bulbs are an example that breaks Javons Paradox. Cars on smaller island countries are another. There is an somewhat historic example from the late 90's where computers where getting more efficent faster then software could handle so most prebuilt units dud not increase PSU capacity despite computers technically being capable.
Also we've broken 10% efficiency on most things. Computing is almost always going to be a diffrent story as its just transforms so any use is wasted energy, leaving us with quite a ways to go there, but even Hydrogen production from water is almost to 100% of what is possible in theroy
So... Alien thought here.
How do you stop the planet when it gets where it's going?
Rotate it at the midpoint of the journey
Obviously, you need to slow it down in time or it will shoot past your destination. Just apply the same thrust in the opposite direction.
It's probably childsplay wrangling 3D bosonic matter from a higher dimension, for the aliens that evolved into pure consciousness; or something..:::🤔🕶🌌
@@joshroolf1966 That's both cartoon logic and cartoon terms.
Researcher discovering that its going to arrive in 420 years👌😎
Holy moses batman... This is new for you sir! Uh, good work!
Maybe it's more appealing to go somewhere when you don't have such a long trip!
I wanna know if we’d be able to detect the signs of space battles. What conditions would have to be true for a spaceship exploding to be noticeable? Could a large enough fleets engines be detected?
My problem with the Type I, type II etc hypotheses: They assume advanced civilizations will be based on our own economic model of unlimited growth and consumption. As we approach our own great filter head on, it seems to me that in order to survive that long, any advanced civilization would need to develop a strong ethos of sustainability early on.
Or, I think more likely, simply fail to sustain a resource intensive civilization - which amounts to the same thing effectively. A sustainable civilization in any realistic scenario is a failed civilization.
That same logic could be applied to that idea too. My counter argument is, why sustain when there is a unfathomable about of energy out there, so much so that the easiest way to sustain ourselves is to exponentially expand.
NO SPOILER: but I think 3 Body Problem's dark forest hypothesis best explains why this likely wouldn't happen.
I completely agree here ! It's seems very naive and very optimistic at the same time to imagine aliens doing that. (or even us in a far distant future)
The fact is : we don't know. We are far too young to know!
It's like a 5 year old boy thinking he knows how his life will be in 30 years. There is a high chance he will be way off in his predictions about himself. It's nice and all to use imagination. But we should be humble and be cautious not to be overconfident about our future.
So humanity will destroy itself
I had a thought earlier today, and cant shake it. Ive often thought that the Universe, since its expanding it volume yet no new mass is introduced, would be slowly becoming less dense over time. But then i had a thought that, What if as the universe cools, the matter weighs more? and that eventually it could cool to the point that matter particles themselves would each be capable of producing a singularity. and the effect would sunder the entire verse. I wonder how much truth this holds, or if its already something others are discussing. Im sure i cant be the only one to have considered these notions.
It is really interesting (even if it is not aliens ;)), from the perspective of how to adjust the movement of stellar objects (which are definitely not conventional engines). Not practical at this stage, but cool ideas.
The biggest bummer is that we don't have long enough lives to find out....and technically with how far away it is, it's probably already gotten there, and if driven, possibly changed direction and already headed somewhere else.
I would like to imagine that cluster is just like the extraterrestrials mall galaxy like thats where they all come together amd sell eachother things
i think aliens are responsible for sore rectums
Yeah but on the other hand: pyramids!
@@Pouncer9000 oh yeahh
Maybe they assume we need re charging and thats the port ...
You had too much fun at the pride parade, let's not make silly excuses.
😂😂LMSAO (sore)
I love it. I've had some daydreams wondering if it would be possible to drive a solar system.
But would the planets really follow along? Considering the whole solar system is being pulled around the galactic nucleus, not really 'following' the star.
I'd think if you're not careful, you'd lose the planets if the star becomes a spider pulsar .
But then again I'm not an advanced alien, they'd figure out a solution :D
Moving an entire civilization using spaceships would be absurdly impractical, but that doesn’t bolster the K type 2 solar system moving hypothesis. Would be cool though👽
This is like watching stellar pool being played by the King of the Cues, Prince of the Planets.
Assuming they are intelligently guided, maybe they aren't going toward something, maybe going away from something. There are a lot of dangerous places in space, they might be trying to get away from an imminent supernova, or the path of a black hole. They might just be trying to find a new, safer spot.
Puppeteers spring to mind here! TFS, GB :)
Sounds interesting... The issue is for something surviving that kind of environment. I don't think even artificial life (electronics, basically) would survive.
@DG-iw3yw Sure, almost anything is possible. But my comment is based on what we know... Because what we don't know, well... We don't know. 😊
Could a spider pulsar be part of a trinary system and do some sorta trebuchet propulsion?
Depends on if you thinking a trinary as a three body problem or just a 2 body system. All three body problem system decay in about 1 to 10 million years so that is not enough time for a pulsar to develop in the system. if you think about a 3 star system that is a 2 body system, most of these situation end with the smaller third star being eaten by one of the other larger stars and then it take billions of years for the orbit of those two to decay enough for them to start interacting to make a pulsar. So basically no most of the time no launching or trebuchet propulsion would happen.
i love these ideas. with the number of habitable planets i have to believe we have neighbors.
neighbors always have cool toys to play with.
Dear god this is your season, I bet your favorite christmas movie is home alone.
His English is another level ❤
Why would they want to move?
Is there a danger they're trying to get away from?
Are they moving to a place with better resources?
Are they trying to escape from the great attractor?
What a time to be alive! 😯
That’s all the universe needed. A darn civilisation that goes around the whole universe, potentially, devouring every star and every other thing like a celestial swarm of locusts…… ⚛️☮️🌏
It's such an inefficient way to go about it; all that mass is just wasted by throwing it away behind you. It's also VERY noticeable and gives anyone else a lot of time to take action against them (if the moving ones are hostile, or the watcher is simply a paranoid and violent nut, etc).
Conversations around aliens are becoming less mockery and more exploratory which is where science should go back to in my opinion.
The government literally confirmed they have biologics and UAP's we're a long way from the 60s
Any idea the speed these engines could reach ?
🤔It seems alien to me hearing Anton talking about aliens.🤗
The hope for aliens has an interesting history. From hopes of civilisations on Mars and Venus being dashed thoroughly to LGMs (little green men) being a speculative possibility in the early days of pulsar discoveries to the "Wow" signal to possible "Dyson Spheres" as possible aliens all being dashed to the Fermi Paradox to the "filter" and various other explanations which keeps hope alive to SETI. It may be more fruitful to look for for techno signatures of extinct civilisations. Just as there are on earth more collapsed civilisations and more dead people than live ones.
Scary that there are spiders the size of stars! I guess something had have woven the cosmic web though so it makes sense.
If nothing else it could make a good premise for a SciFi novel.
That’s very interesting topic.
I’ve always wondered, in the case of a K- 1.1 to K-2 civilization, we know they’d be able to harvest solar mass type energy balls, but what would they be using all that energy for? 🤔
Why do we consider advanced to mean super energy consumption? There’s a problem with humans and their thought patterns.
Is that Ameca speaking?
Who's to say that a civilization could be advanced yet not really into technology too. Maybe they look inward or are more into their own form of spirituality (whatever that may be, could even be unrecognizable to us).
Mostly we think they will think like us, that may not be at all, we also see ET in most unexplained events in the cosmos which turn out to be something else in the theoretical world.
Yeah, the Kardashev scale is really just _one_ scale of technology; biotech civilizations might barely even show up on it
To be living requires energy consumption.
What a wild theory!
The beings within the star can also absorb the entire star into their bodies and can use the energy to pull against other celestial objects to bring themselves closer to other star systems using relativity. Trust me when I say it's been done before
It's hard to imagine a way for life, especially intelligent life, to evolve in such a brutal and unstable environment.
Who needs FTL Travel when you can ride a star?
For what reason would any one want to move their star to another place in a galaxy? What spot would be better than any other?
maybe not This One, but just like an ant colony discovering that the "flat rock" outside their anthill is actually an Interstate Highway 1000 miles long, something we view as a natural feature of the Universe may turn out to be the artifacts of beings we can't even begin to comprehend. They'll fry us with their pulsar passing by, just like we would crush the anthill when we pulled over to change a flat tire.
Maybe this is how galaxies are formed. Civilizations seeking to devour all the power sources around them. Because we all know that at the bottom of a black hole singularity is a McDonalds sign.
I'm picturing a McChicken black hole now 😅😂
Chicken Nuggets have subatomic particles. And I don’t know why, but when I eat them, time goes by very quickly. The middle of the Golden Arches looks like a singularity. Obviously the edge of the event horizon is once you make it past the drive thru to order.
It makes more sense than galactic empires. Civilisations using up resources and moving on is more energy efficient than policing colonies hundreds of light years apart
It would be interesting if they all seem to be moving towards destinations…
It would be EXTREMELY interesting if they all seemed to be moving toward a common destination 😲
In that case… the potential would exist that they (the advanced civilization) might be moving the stars to the planned “building site” of their largest megastructure to ever be built.
1)
Move a bunch of stars to preferred location.
2)
Begin star lifting project materials/resources from the stars.
3)
Begin building your megastructure.
Entire cities have been built here on Earth, primarily to appease the ego of particular rulers…
Imagine the “legacy” that a civilization could leave behind with the material lifted from 18 to 20 stars or so 😂😂😂
Hello, wonderful Anton. There is no way in this universe.
As cool as this idea sounds... is the proposition that life evolved in the system, survived the collapse of its main star into a pulsar, then constructed some kind of uber magnet capable of driving the pulsar... but did not use its uber magnet technology previously to, say, drive old fashioned space ships out of the system before the star collapsed?
Who said they didn't ? Maybe they're actually living in other star systems, and what they're moving is a system strictly dedicated to energy production.
Hard to imagine anything being able to live in a system with a pulsar. It's much more reasonable to assume they came about in a much more hospitable place, then either found or made another star into a pulsar. As for why - they might actually need the star for another megaproject, or even to use as a weapon.
@@Fossil_Frank An already interstellar civilization moving around pulsars for its own (doubtless sinister) purposes does feel more plausible to me than a civilization "using up" its own star and then driving it to another one.
Moreover, because this civilization would be looking for pulsars with the right companion stars, the need for a remarkable coincidence is eliminated.
@@mmelmon I don't follow - what "remarkable coincidence" are you talking about?
@@Fossil_Frank In the case where the civilization starts in the pulsar's system, not only was the system somehow appropriate for life, but there happened to be a perfect companion star for driving the pulsar when the need arose.
That remarkable coincidence is not required when the civilization starts somewhere else and goes looking for pulsars.
👋☺ hello, wonderful person
Is it April 1st already?
7:15 I am left wondering how many 'at least several' is.
It seems that no new theory is complete without the suggestion of aliens doing impossible things.
Can an elliptical orbit explain this exhaust shape of the ejections ? ... Only when they come very close on one side of the orbit the excess heat cause ejections
Interesting video, however skepticism for the energy output of stars! Not least, isnt energy efficiency quantum size over astronomical sequestration of the total output of stars, or specialised pulsars' output for energy purposes unknown?!😮🎉
And no, it's not aliens? Who replaced Anton.
Aliens
clickbait tho