Accidental upload was accidental. But I also wanted to mention that I'll be away for 2 weeks and will post a video about it in the next day or so - there will be prerecorded videos of stuff that might not be to everyone's liking, but I'll be back soon to start the usual videos! Thank you for being wonderful. Also the video that was uploaded at the same time is here in case you missed: ua-cam.com/video/02gxQLlC1qc/v-deo.html
What are u talking about? Its a great topic. Existence of an stable atmosphere is one of the prerequisite of having life on the surface of the planet.Its also one of astronomy's long unsolved enigma. How can such a topic be "not everyone's liking"? However the editing is poor though.
Venus's atmosphere is only 3.5% nitrogen; however, because the atmosphere is so much more dense than Earth's, Venus's atmosphere actually has more nitrogen than our own by quite a bit.
@@@gfarrell80 An 'atmosphere' has NOTHING to do with how much nitrogen it contains. Wow, it sounds like you are looking at this from such an anthropological stance. Duh!!
@@sunnyjim1355 *anthrocentric . Also, nitrogen is an inert gas. Meaning mostly that you could mix a little of anything with it and it would still carry it as atmosphere. e.g. neon/nitrogen, hydrogen/nitrogen, even Venus, with acid gaseous in its atmosphere, has a large proportion of nitrogen.
@@sunnyjim1355 huh? Only reason I'm talking about nitrogen is because Anton is talking about it in the video. Of course atmospheres have nothing to do with any specific composition of gases, just gases any kind bound to a body by gravity.
_why titan has atmo_ When you are talking and someone interrumpts you EDIT: since the title was edited, this joke is about the old title, which was "why titan has atmo"
@JAffacakeSON BLAHA Indeed, i dont get it either!(maybe somebody can explain, or is it simply BS?) (But glad to know i was not the only one who dont know what he is talking about.)
@@mzbfdhokrq A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA
He has the best voice to beat insomnia. I learn so much during my bed time. Too bad I jump everytime an ad starts. Still the best 10 mins of sleep all night.
Wow! That's a really really good point man. We know that Venus has a negligible magnetic field. And there are very small amount of atmospheric Nitrogen as well! Venus is also much closer to Sun than Earth. Still Venus holds an atmosphere which is ~100 times heavier and spans 4 times higher upward than earth! You know I'm going to make this a comment.
@@FrankyPi Yes. But Anton is saying that Nitrogen is the main cause of stable atmosphere. But Venus has one stable atmosphere without N2. But in my opinion the cause is same. Like Nitrogen, CO2 too doens't dissociate in Sun's UV.
Venus has four times the nitrogen as Earth, it just has so much more CO2 than it dwarfs the N2 content. Venus has the gravity to hold on to it's atmosphere versus Mars, which is ten times less massive than Earth and Venus. I think Mars has less N2 because N2, a molecule with two atoms with 7 protons each (14) , is lighter than CO2, a molecule with 6, 8, and 8 protons (22). Thus the solar wind is more likely to remove N2 from the Martian atmosphere than CO2, which needs more force to get to escape velocity. As for Jupiter's moons, I think N2 reaches escape velocity at the temps near Jupiter, but not at the colder temps near Saturn. The N2 originally came from ammonia (NH3) molecules that got busted up by UV rays and lost their hydrogen and the remaining N molecules merged with other ones. The whole bit about collisions he talked about, was unnecessary for the situation we observe today. Ammonia was likely quite equally dispersed all over the nebula that formed us and is it the temp zones within the orbits and the planetary sizes that determined what actually happened to the nitrogen.
Actually, the ground state of Oxygen is a triplet (a diradical) and is paramagnetic. It has only a single bond and the excited state has a double bond. You can determine that using ab initio calculations and see it in organic photochemistry. Furthermore, if you run liquid oxygen through a strong magnetic field it will "bend" under the influence of the magnetic field whereas nitrogen will flow unaffected by any magnetic fields.
Was viewing the moon thru a cheap pair of binoculars this evening, it still makes me curious about the space we occupy, it makes me humble, yet Glad to be here, thank you Anton for your insights and I hope you continue to share your knowledge with us!
The video relates to bodies with stable atmospheres. I also wondered why Venus wasn't mentioned, so I Googled it. Apparently the atmosphere of Venus isn't stable (unlike Earth & Titan), even though it is still pretty darn thick. It is losing atmosphere at a similar rate to Mars, it's just that it was even thicker in the past. The Venusian atmosphere is mainly CO2, so without a strong magnetosphere, the sun is gradually eroding it.
However Venus still has at least as much nitrogen as Earth nominally. But if the atmosphere was much thicker in the past, there were monstrous pressures :S
@@passthebutterrobot2600 Ah good point on a related note part of why Venus has an atmosphere still in addition to mass may be to do with how recently it lost its magnetosphere. This is indirect speculation given the lack of Venusian rock samples but given its similar mass to the Earth and the recent work suggesting the Earth's magnetosphere nearly collapsed during the Ediacaran and was only saved due to the beginning of the formation of a solid inner core. Given similarities in gravity it seems plausible to suggest Venus may have lost its magnetosphere around the same time and the current lack of a magnetosphere could be due to a failure for solid core formation to kick in and reinvigorate its magnetic field. Interestingly it seems Venus was once quite a bit more Earth like we have evidence that until around a billion years ago it likely had a liquid water ocean before the increasing brightness of the sun moved the habitable zone outside of Venus's orbit. I recently learned that there appears to be localized subduction in one hemisphere with trough like structures on the surface so I wonder if part of the major difference between how the Earth and Venus turned out so different. Some work studying subduction produced rocks on Earth suggests that full global plate tectonics may have only took hold during the Neoprotozoic. Since plate tectonics as we know it requires the presence of water perhaps the reason Earth and Venus turned out so different has to do with the loss of the ocean. It might even have influenced why Inner core precipitation didn't kick in on Venus as the lack of plate tectonics means the planet better traps heat and thus might still be too hot inside for core precipitation to have kicked in. At this point this is mostly speculation as we lack good data on Venus due to significant neglect of missions to Venus but what we do know suggests the current Venus hellscape is a quite recent phenomenon. Perhaps we might even be able to reverse it in the future to get a second viable home planet (though that would require the ability to move Venus outward which given the Earth is nearing that inner edge of the habitable zone (i.e. the oceans will boil off in under a billion years if we remain at our current distance from the sun) is probably a technology we will want for Earth too. That is assuming we can overcome our current challenges....
O2 is also very reactive gas where Nitrogen gas is relatively inert except for certain elements like Molybdenum. Lightning and certain life forms can break the bonds in Nitrogen gas in addition to solar radiation as well
I think there used to be a lot of nitrogen in the inner Solar System which is why Venus and Earth have so much of it. Mars probably had a similar atmosphere to Earth rn but lost it because maybe the solar energy caused nitrogen to heat up and escape. Saturn and Jupiter, as in another theory, were probably made in the inner solar system and maybe Jupiter's moon accreted after the Nitrogen and other gases had been blown away by the Solar wind but Titan formed in time with enough mass to capture and maintain an atmosphere
...the more I learn about the universe/ natural laws...the more I realise we are living in an unique place. Earth a "safe" island in the local quadrant of this side of the galaxy.....Thank you for your videos...Wonderful Anton!!!
It is really hard to imagine the amalgamation of such an awesome magnitude where two planet-sized bodies merge into one sphere. Since they are already spherical that means it took them a long time to attain their form and thus structure (core, mantle, etc.). In case of a collision, their whole architecture would have to change by merging so violently that it would alter their chemistry in unimaginable ways. The cosmic kitchen is Magic!
I think it's life -- specifically bacteria -- which causes nitrogen fixation in the ground layer, which naturally diffuses and interchanges with the atmosphere. That is, those two bodies are infested with some special bacteria.
Hi Anton. How about some Ganymede love? It's bigger (and better) than Titan in my opinion. I would like to see what you have to say about it. An entire series on the Saturnian and Jovian moons would be million view videos. Count on it!
Titan is my absolute favorite moon in our solar system. I enjoy watching the videos about the Huygens/Cassini Mission. That was a monumental mission that has revealed so much about the moon. I hope that NASA approves the Titan Mars Explorer (TIME) mission of sending a submarine to explore the methane/ethane lakes. Can you imagine how awesome the video footage would be of under the lake! Would they discover some exotic creatures or microbial life. That is my #1 mission wish list, even over exploring Enceladus!
strange right anton....Ganymede is bigger than titan but don't have atmosphere but odd its only moon has magnetic field like ours while titan has no magnetic field and smaller than ganyemede ..should ganyemede have both atmosphere and field to protect it or maybe titan comes expiration date on its atmosphere due to decaying methane exchange cause it might goes away when sun become red giant and possible Ganymede gets exchange for atmosphere requires hotter sun thus would make warmer oceanic world
I was also wondering about that at first but (at least towards the end of the video) he strictly talks about "nitrogen atmosphere" and the atmosphere of Venus is 96.5% CO2 (still contains 4 times as much nitrogen as Earth's atmosphere, though, so still not really a valid point).
A couple of questions: 1. Doesn't Venus have a stable atmosphere? 3.2 Atms of N2 (and 88 of C02...) 2. Isn't Solar Wind still a factor, rather than just sensitivity to UV?
I've never even put two and two together until when you mentioned the amount of iron oxide on Mars. I guess that meant there was a one point a LOT of oxygen. Pretty cool.
Hi, Anton! I've been really enjoying watching your videos. Are you a PhD/post doc candidate? I'm impressed by how well you explain things. Sounds like you might do interesting lectures!
We have found icy bolides and bodies with ammonia, hydrazine & ammonium salts on the surface along with other ices (like methane and such). They are, however, mostly in the Kuiper belt at this point. A geological survey of Europa and Ceres is needed in my opinion.
I have an idea as to why nitrogen is on Titan. The nitrogen came from ammonia molecules that were later broken up and formed N2. I believe that Jupiter's moons were too warm to maintain an ammonia atmosphere, thus it reached escape velocity and left those moons. But Titan, being the only large moon in the Saturnian system, has a range where it holds onto the ammonia and it breaks down into N2 and makes atmospheres while methane behaves like water at this temp range, and water ice behaves like rock. I am willing to bet if other Saturnian large moons existed, they'd also be similar. Jupiter's moons would be all similar, except tidal forces really change up Io and Europa. Mars lost it's much of it's atmosphere due to no magnetosphere and N2 is a lighter gas than CO2, hence why it has held on to more CO2. Venus, actually has four times the nitrogen of Earth, it's just that it has so much more CO2 and so much more atmosphere than Earth, that it eclipses Nitrogen in the charts.
how about the possibility that Titan is more likely to have it's own magnetosphere because the gravitational pull of saturn keeps the core from solidifying. mars only has 2 small asteroids for moons so nothing could prevent the core from dieing. then you have venus which spins too slowly to have a magnetic field.
The real question is why Titan has a thick atmosphere and the similarly-sized Ganymede has no atmosphere at all. Ganymede is closer to the sun, but its surface temperature is still very low, so that shouldn't make too much of a difference. Also, oxygen is very unstable, it usually reacts to other elements, so for it to be present in an atmosphere, it has to be replenished all the time. On earth, we have plants, but we're the exception. Also, the source for Mars's red color is... water. High in the atmosphere water vapor gets split into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen escapes and the oxygen reacts with the soil, slowly turning its color into red.
Could it be that Titan formed somewhere closer to Earth (and got the Nitrogen from the same source, whatever it may be) and then got kicked out only to be captured by Saturn? It is an odd-ball of the Saturnian system, way larger than any other satelite and also has an inclined orbit. Just a thought.
Interesting video Sir. Very helpful and to a degree, more validation for a few theories I have put forward. Chemistry is a magnetic process that is sensitive to changes in available potential. A new field I am pondering is plasma chemistry, any element as plasma is vastly more magnetic at near range than it is when at lower states. Like any generator of the effect we call electricity, the solar system does the same. Note that the Sun keeps planets in specific induction zones to limit such but take comets, they operate well out of the stable induction zone of the Sun. Think ionized dust oxygen rich tails meeting hydrogen rich space. Anyway, Electric Universe Theory is interesting but I had to go to the next level for clarity. Come up with Magnetic Universe Theory, for lack of better term. Most current terms used to speak of such things, are full of misnomers and it takes me more time defining terms than speaking directly about a topic these days. Fluid dynamics, not quantum weirdness. Magnetic funny actions cover most effects that have names that carry misnomers. Cascading infinite ocean of potential as prime mover, not mysterious dark energy. Time and speed of light slowing over time, radiological half lives getting longer. All wave energy must have something to propagate across, ripples on water flatten as they propagate. Photons do not travel across the medium, they expand like growing bubbles, each bubble a wave making an onion of sorts. I could go for hours and not find a contradicting anomaly to the Magnetic Universe Theory. Simple is more likely and stable. No chaos exists, it is all cause and effect. The universe is much more simple than most could ever fathom. Complexity can only exist and remain stable if built upon a very simple stable foundation. Before anything, the infinite absolute void could only be filled with one thing, infinite potential. It was still void until actions within the ocean of potential started and cause reactions which in turn induced things that can be calculated. The universe as we see it is nothing more than actions, reactions and or induced effects upon an infinite ocean of cascading potential. Sweetest thing, no negative anomalies or fantasy energy or matter needed to make theory work.
isn't earth oxygen came exclusively from plants and fitoplancton breaking h2o molecules? because there's a lot of hydrogen and iron in space and o2 molecule wont exist in free form for a long time
If man lives long enough, perhaps we could make huge transport ships taking Titans nitrogen and compressing it down, transporting it and releasing it into Mars atmosphere ?
Does the sun emits light mostly in the visible spectrum? or did we evolve to sense and absorb light in the spectrum that the sun is effective at emitting?
the sun emits radiation at all wavelengths but peaks in the visible, which we have evolved to be able to see. also here on the surface we are almost entirely shielded from certain specific wavelengths which are filtered by the atmosphere. other stars have different spectra, the hottest blue stars peak in the UV, cool red dwarves peak in the near IR
Great explanation. Is Tiatn considered geologically active and therefore still adding to its atmosphere (replacing what it loses)? Venus has a thick atmosphere but no magnetosphere!
Technically Venus has lots of nitrogen too, comparable to Earth. The proportion that it makes up of it's atmosphere however is quite a bit smaller though, since it's atmosphere layer is so much thicker.
I thought the UV rays were breaking up the oxygen but if very little to no UV is hitting titan what is making the Oxygen bonds break ? A lack of gravity?
The role of a magnetosphere, in maintaining a atmosphere is highly controversial as newer research suggests, that earths magnetosphere is little to no net advantage in that aspect(with the exception of ozone ), it seems to come down to the composition, position in the solar system, atmospheric layering, local gravity and especially the replenishing rate(also the main reason earth maintains free oxygen).
Wow, thanks to Anton for also sparking an idea for me. Has anyone included creating an artificial magnetosphere as part of the formula for terraforming Mars? Perhaps we should build a massive power generator at each pole and use some of our DARPA technology to extend a magnetosphere around Mars.
I would expect the distance from the sun and the solar wind wouldn't effect it as much plus Saturn might act as a wind break to lessen the effects of losing atmosphere due to solar wind. As you mentioned the make up is very important to since Nitrogen is more stable than Oxygen. It would be curious how further in the future when the Sun goes into its red giant phase how it might effect Titian and the outer planets.
Hi, beside Earth and Titan, Venus has a thick atmosphere too. Venus' atmosphere is at least 25 times ticker than earth. It rises to ~250 Kilometers, nearly ~4 times as Earth! Still Venus neither have a magnetic field, nor any significant amount of atmospheric Nitrogen. And it is exposed to Sun's radiation much more than Earth. Isn't this an strong exception to what said in the video?
Accidental upload was accidental. But I also wanted to mention that I'll be away for 2 weeks and will post a video about it in the next day or so - there will be prerecorded videos of stuff that might not be to everyone's liking, but I'll be back soon to start the usual videos! Thank you for being wonderful. Also the video that was uploaded at the same time is here in case you missed: ua-cam.com/video/02gxQLlC1qc/v-deo.html
"One of two objects with stable atmosphere". *cough* Venus...
Brilliant video thank you
What are u talking about? Its a great topic. Existence of an stable atmosphere is one of the prerequisite of having life on the surface of the planet.Its also one of astronomy's long unsolved enigma. How can such a topic be "not everyone's liking"?
However the editing is poor though.
@@mancubwwa Like Nitrogen, CO2 doesn't break in Sun's UV. Probably that' s the secret of stable Venusian atmosphere.
Hey, I love your videos, also I found one of your simulations in Universe Sandbox.
Great video Anton, I hope you have a wonde
Hopefully you as well have a wonde
rful day
He finished it
Well, Venus has a pretty good atmosphere too. And technically all the gas giants have an atmosphere.
Venus's atmosphere is only 3.5% nitrogen; however, because the atmosphere is so much more dense than Earth's, Venus's atmosphere actually has more nitrogen than our own by quite a bit.
@@@gfarrell80 An 'atmosphere' has NOTHING to do with how much nitrogen it contains. Wow, it sounds like you are looking at this from such an anthropological stance. Duh!!
@@sunnyjim1355 *anthrocentric . Also, nitrogen is an inert gas. Meaning mostly that you could mix a little of anything with it and it would still carry it as atmosphere. e.g. neon/nitrogen, hydrogen/nitrogen, even Venus, with acid gaseous in its atmosphere, has a large proportion of nitrogen.
@@sunnyjim1355 huh? Only reason I'm talking about nitrogen is because Anton is talking about it in the video. Of course atmospheres have nothing to do with any specific composition of gases, just gases any kind bound to a body by gravity.
You could say that Venus' atmosphere is... T H I C C
Humans: Hey look! Titan has a stable atmosphere!
Titan: Oh shit
_why titan has atmo_
When you are talking and someone interrumpts you
EDIT: since the title was edited, this joke is about the old title, which was "why titan has atmo"
@JAffacakeSON BLAHA
Indeed, i dont get it either!(maybe somebody can explain, or is it simply BS?)
(But glad to know i was not the only one who dont know what he is talking about.)
Yeah it was an accidental upload and originally it said “why titan has atmo” but now he fixed the title.
Team atmo
It was edited but still has a comical error, lol.
"This is why Saturn moon's Titan"
Lol, Planetary Buttcheeks...
***"Saturn's moon Titan"
sorry to interrumpt, but thats not a joke.
Titan has spent all that time with Saturn and still doesn't have a ring. Always a bridesmaid, never a bride.
🤣🤣👍
Well saturn is currently in the divorce proceedings
@@nightruler666 They always tell you that just to keep you hanging on.
Think Saturn was a sun 100s of millions of years ago?
@@MrKerr808 100 million years ago, Saturn was too busy "grooming" a much younger Titan.
I guess he uploaded this by accident so probably no video tomorrow..
He would have deleted it
Heya
“How come none of the planets except Earth and none of the other Moons have anything remotely similar”
**Venus crying in the Distance**
I actually found one of your simulations in Universe Sandbox
A bad case of diarrhoea I have a bad case of diarrhoea I have a bad case of diarrhoea I have a bad case of diarrhoea I have a bad case of diarrhoea
@@nadinestewart8039 what?
@@mzbfdhokrq A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA I HAVE A BAD CASE OF DIARRHOEA
Did you know 100 ^ 100 ^ 1000 ^ 1000 is infinity
@@nadinestewart8039 youre fkn weird bro
Hello wonderful Titan, this is Nitrogen.
He has the best voice to beat insomnia. I learn so much during my bed time. Too bad I jump everytime an ad starts. Still the best 10 mins of sleep all night.
adblock for youtube?
I really like your videos. Not only for the info, but your very soothing personality.
Of all the rocky worlds in our solar system, only earth and Titan have stable atmospheres? What about Venus?
Wow! That's a really really good point man. We know that Venus has a negligible magnetic field. And there are very small amount of atmospheric Nitrogen as well! Venus is also much closer to Sun than Earth. Still Venus holds an atmosphere which is ~100 times heavier and spans 4 times higher upward than earth!
You know I'm going to make this a comment.
He probably referred to a stable nitrogen atmosphere. Venus has mostly CO2, that's why it's like hell down there, a massive greenhouse gas effect.
@@FrankyPi Yes. But Anton is saying that Nitrogen is the main cause of stable atmosphere. But Venus has one stable atmosphere without N2. But in my opinion the cause is same. Like Nitrogen, CO2 too doens't dissociate in Sun's UV.
@@aniksamiurrahman6365 Venus' ionosphere protects the atmosphere.
Venus has four times the nitrogen as Earth, it just has so much more CO2 than it dwarfs the N2 content. Venus has the gravity to hold on to it's atmosphere versus Mars, which is ten times less massive than Earth and Venus. I think Mars has less N2 because N2, a molecule with two atoms with 7 protons each (14) , is lighter than CO2, a molecule with 6, 8, and 8 protons (22). Thus the solar wind is more likely to remove N2 from the Martian atmosphere than CO2, which needs more force to get to escape velocity. As for Jupiter's moons, I think N2 reaches escape velocity at the temps near Jupiter, but not at the colder temps near Saturn. The N2 originally came from ammonia (NH3) molecules that got busted up by UV rays and lost their hydrogen and the remaining N molecules merged with other ones. The whole bit about collisions he talked about, was unnecessary for the situation we observe today. Ammonia was likely quite equally dispersed all over the nebula that formed us and is it the temp zones within the orbits and the planetary sizes that determined what actually happened to the nitrogen.
Love the part towards the end with the casually crashing moons and planets together in the background. Great accompaniment.
Really like your channel. Very educational without being too complicated. Keep it up.
got here faster than he could finish typing the title
Actually, the ground state of Oxygen is a triplet (a diradical) and is paramagnetic. It has only a single bond and the excited state has a double bond. You can determine that using ab initio calculations and see it in organic photochemistry. Furthermore, if you run liquid oxygen through a strong magnetic field it will "bend" under the influence of the magnetic field whereas nitrogen will flow unaffected by any magnetic fields.
Peter Eichinger well there you go 👍
Awesome!
Was viewing the moon thru a cheap pair of binoculars this evening, it still makes me curious about the space we occupy, it makes me humble, yet Glad to be here, thank you Anton for your insights and I hope you continue to share your knowledge with us!
if the discussion is simply atmosphere (re title), why no mention of venus?
The video relates to bodies with stable atmospheres. I also wondered why Venus wasn't mentioned, so I Googled it. Apparently the atmosphere of Venus isn't stable (unlike Earth & Titan), even though it is still pretty darn thick. It is losing atmosphere at a similar rate to Mars, it's just that it was even thicker in the past. The Venusian atmosphere is mainly CO2, so without a strong magnetosphere, the sun is gradually eroding it.
I think he was just talking about objects with plenty of nitrogen in their atmosphere, Venus has relatively little nitrogen, 95%.
exactly, venus has an atm and so does mars, even though its less thick
However Venus still has at least as much nitrogen as Earth nominally. But if the atmosphere was much thicker in the past, there were monstrous pressures :S
@@passthebutterrobot2600 Ah good point on a related note part of why Venus has an atmosphere still in addition to mass may be to do with how recently it lost its magnetosphere. This is indirect speculation given the lack of Venusian rock samples but given its similar mass to the Earth and the recent work suggesting the Earth's magnetosphere nearly collapsed during the Ediacaran and was only saved due to the beginning of the formation of a solid inner core. Given similarities in gravity it seems plausible to suggest Venus may have lost its magnetosphere around the same time and the current lack of a magnetosphere could be due to a failure for solid core formation to kick in and reinvigorate its magnetic field.
Interestingly it seems Venus was once quite a bit more Earth like we have evidence that until around a billion years ago it likely had a liquid water ocean before the increasing brightness of the sun moved the habitable zone outside of Venus's orbit. I recently learned that there appears to be localized subduction in one hemisphere with trough like structures on the surface so I wonder if part of the major difference between how the Earth and Venus turned out so different. Some work studying subduction produced rocks on Earth suggests that full global plate tectonics may have only took hold during the Neoprotozoic. Since plate tectonics as we know it requires the presence of water perhaps the reason Earth and Venus turned out so different has to do with the loss of the ocean. It might even have influenced why Inner core precipitation didn't kick in on Venus as the lack of plate tectonics means the planet better traps heat and thus might still be too hot inside for core precipitation to have kicked in.
At this point this is mostly speculation as we lack good data on Venus due to significant neglect of missions to Venus but what we do know suggests the current Venus hellscape is a quite recent phenomenon. Perhaps we might even be able to reverse it in the future to get a second viable home planet (though that would require the ability to move Venus outward which given the Earth is nearing that inner edge of the habitable zone (i.e. the oceans will boil off in under a billion years if we remain at our current distance from the sun) is probably a technology we will want for Earth too. That is assuming we can overcome our current challenges....
O2 is also very reactive gas where Nitrogen gas is relatively inert except for certain elements like Molybdenum. Lightning and certain life forms can break the bonds in Nitrogen gas in addition to solar radiation as well
Great video!!
One remark: solar radiation reduces by the distance cubed, not squared. 9AU = 729 times weaker than 1AU.
i liked the casual talking while planetary armageddon was unfolding behind him.
So there is a video about Titan on this channel! So cool!
I think there used to be a lot of nitrogen in the inner Solar System which is why Venus and Earth have so much of it. Mars probably had a similar atmosphere to Earth rn but lost it because maybe the solar energy caused nitrogen to heat up and escape. Saturn and Jupiter, as in another theory, were probably made in the inner solar system and maybe Jupiter's moon accreted after the Nitrogen and other gases had been blown away by the Solar wind but Titan formed in time with enough mass to capture and maintain an atmosphere
...the more I learn about the universe/ natural laws...the more I realise we are living in an unique place. Earth a "safe" island in the local quadrant of this side of the galaxy.....Thank you for your videos...Wonderful Anton!!!
Hi Anton. This is wonderful person. Wonderful content as usual.
I enjoy your teaching
I really love science and I get bored researching/reading articles ... so here I am .. your new subscriber :)
Hi Anton.... I love your channel !
in a billion years when the sun is too big to live comfortably on earth. Titan is our new crib
This was a great one.
It is really hard to imagine the amalgamation of such an awesome magnitude where two planet-sized bodies merge into one sphere. Since they are already spherical that means it took them a long time to attain their form and thus structure (core, mantle, etc.). In case of a collision, their whole architecture would have to change by merging so violently that it would alter their chemistry in unimaginable ways. The cosmic kitchen is Magic!
Unique fact about Titan is something I heard on a space show. You don't need a spacesuit on Titan just a coat, good one, and a respirator to survive.
I think it's life -- specifically bacteria -- which causes nitrogen fixation in the ground layer, which naturally diffuses and interchanges with the atmosphere. That is, those two bodies are infested with some special bacteria.
woooooo the what da math intro, a classic :)
Triton also have a relatively “thick” atmosphere (compared to other moons)
It has a troposphere,thermosphere and exosphere
Hi Anton. How about some Ganymede love? It's bigger (and better) than Titan in my opinion. I would like to see what you have to say about it. An entire series on the Saturnian and Jovian moons would be million view videos. Count on it!
Titan is my absolute favorite moon in our solar system. I enjoy watching the videos about the Huygens/Cassini Mission. That was a monumental mission that has revealed so much about the moon. I hope that NASA approves the Titan Mars Explorer (TIME) mission of sending a submarine to explore the methane/ethane lakes. Can you imagine how awesome the video footage would be of under the lake! Would they discover some exotic creatures or microbial life. That is my #1 mission wish list, even over exploring Enceladus!
_Atmo_
Anton has finally collided with the inter-webs.
Nice video, Anton.
Good video, teacher. Bless your soul.
1 MILLION CONGRATS
Nice title 👌
Nice video man keep up the good work !
Thank you for making this content
2 Anton vids in one day? Cool!
strange right anton....Ganymede is bigger than titan but don't have atmosphere but odd its only moon has magnetic field like ours while titan has no magnetic field and smaller than ganyemede ..should ganyemede have both atmosphere and field to protect it or maybe titan comes expiration date on its atmosphere due to decaying methane exchange cause it might goes away when sun become red giant and possible Ganymede gets exchange for atmosphere requires hotter sun thus would make warmer oceanic world
Hello wonderful Anton,this is person!
I had to sub. I love good people!
Antom Petrov I enjoy watching all your videos. Your awesome keep up the good work and space out!!!😆😆😆😆😁😁😁😁😁😁
How about Venus? It has a really thick atmosphere as well...
I was also wondering about that at first but (at least towards the end of the video) he strictly talks about "nitrogen atmosphere" and the atmosphere of Venus is 96.5% CO2 (still contains 4 times as much nitrogen as Earth's atmosphere, though, so still not really a valid point).
Is appear that Venus atmosphere is not stable
what are you using to manipulate Titan and see the Cassini imaging? does not appear to be universe sandbox
Can you do a video of the planets in our solar system around other stars and what it would take to make them habitable?
The helium fact blew my mind
A couple of questions:
1. Doesn't Venus have a stable atmosphere? 3.2 Atms of N2 (and 88 of C02...)
2. Isn't Solar Wind still a factor, rather than just sensitivity to UV?
Thank you for your very informative explanation.
Anton certainly is one of the most "wonderful persons" on You Tube. And he's damn smart too! :D
I've never even put two and two together until when you mentioned the amount of iron oxide on Mars. I guess that meant there was a one point a LOT of oxygen. Pretty cool.
Hi, Anton! I've been really enjoying watching your videos. Are you a PhD/post doc candidate? I'm impressed by how well you explain things. Sounds like you might do interesting lectures!
Thanks for the great video, Anton. I guess nitrogen is more important than I thought it was. 🌎
why titan has atmo
We have found icy bolides and bodies with ammonia, hydrazine & ammonium salts on the surface along with other ices (like methane and such).
They are, however, mostly in the Kuiper belt at this point. A geological survey of Europa and Ceres is needed in my opinion.
> Earth and Titan are the only two objects in the solar system with stable atmospheres
Venus
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
I love "and welcome to what da math"
I have an idea as to why nitrogen is on Titan. The nitrogen came from ammonia molecules that were later broken up and formed N2. I believe that Jupiter's moons were too warm to maintain an ammonia atmosphere, thus it reached escape velocity and left those moons. But Titan, being the only large moon in the Saturnian system, has a range where it holds onto the ammonia and it breaks down into N2 and makes atmospheres while methane behaves like water at this temp range, and water ice behaves like rock. I am willing to bet if other Saturnian large moons existed, they'd also be similar. Jupiter's moons would be all similar, except tidal forces really change up Io and Europa. Mars lost it's much of it's atmosphere due to no magnetosphere and N2 is a lighter gas than CO2, hence why it has held on to more CO2. Venus, actually has four times the nitrogen of Earth, it's just that it has so much more CO2 and so much more atmosphere than Earth, that it eclipses Nitrogen in the charts.
how about the possibility that Titan is more likely to have it's own magnetosphere because the gravitational pull of saturn keeps the core from solidifying. mars only has 2 small asteroids for moons so nothing could prevent the core from dieing. then you have venus which spins too slowly to have a magnetic field.
so thats why titan has atmo
The real question is why Titan has a thick atmosphere and the similarly-sized Ganymede has no atmosphere at all. Ganymede is closer to the sun, but its surface temperature is still very low, so that shouldn't make too much of a difference. Also, oxygen is very unstable, it usually reacts to other elements, so for it to be present in an atmosphere, it has to be replenished all the time. On earth, we have plants, but we're the exception. Also, the source for Mars's red color is... water. High in the atmosphere water vapor gets split into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen escapes and the oxygen reacts with the soil, slowly turning its color into red.
Could it be that Titan formed somewhere closer to Earth (and got the Nitrogen from the same source, whatever it may be) and then got kicked out only to be captured by Saturn? It is an odd-ball of the Saturnian system, way larger than any other satelite and also has an inclined orbit. Just a thought.
Interesting video Sir. Very helpful and to a degree, more validation for a few theories I have put forward. Chemistry is a magnetic process that is sensitive to changes in available potential. A new field I am pondering is plasma chemistry, any element as plasma is vastly more magnetic at near range than it is when at lower states. Like any generator of the effect we call electricity, the solar system does the same. Note that the Sun keeps planets in specific induction zones to limit such but take comets, they operate well out of the stable induction zone of the Sun. Think ionized dust oxygen rich tails meeting hydrogen rich space. Anyway, Electric Universe Theory is interesting but I had to go to the next level for clarity. Come up with Magnetic Universe Theory, for lack of better term. Most current terms used to speak of such things, are full of misnomers and it takes me more time defining terms than speaking directly about a topic these days. Fluid dynamics, not quantum weirdness. Magnetic funny actions cover most effects that have names that carry misnomers. Cascading infinite ocean of potential as prime mover, not mysterious dark energy. Time and speed of light slowing over time, radiological half lives getting longer. All wave energy must have something to propagate across, ripples on water flatten as they propagate. Photons do not travel across the medium, they expand like growing bubbles, each bubble a wave making an onion of sorts. I could go for hours and not find a contradicting anomaly to the Magnetic Universe Theory. Simple is more likely and stable. No chaos exists, it is all cause and effect. The universe is much more simple than most could ever fathom. Complexity can only exist and remain stable if built upon a very simple stable foundation. Before anything, the infinite absolute void could only be filled with one thing, infinite potential. It was still void until actions within the ocean of potential started and cause reactions which in turn induced things that can be calculated. The universe as we see it is nothing more than actions, reactions and or induced effects upon an infinite ocean of cascading potential. Sweetest thing, no negative anomalies or fantasy energy or matter needed to make theory work.
I read the title as :''why titan has ammo''
You are wrong, read again.
Titan really deserves to be studied but remote commands to a rover would be a serious headache due to the signal lag.
Atmo is my favorite drug.
@@renaminginprogress6903 How much for a pound
Acid Trip crack??
isn't earth oxygen came exclusively from plants and fitoplancton breaking h2o molecules?
because there's a lot of hydrogen and iron in space and o2 molecule wont exist in free form for a long time
If man lives long enough, perhaps we could make huge transport ships taking Titans nitrogen and compressing it down, transporting it and releasing it into Mars atmosphere ?
Is that Spanish for ATM?
3:43 define atmosphere: "its the thick thing"
Does the sun emits light mostly in the visible spectrum? or did we evolve to sense and absorb light in the spectrum that the sun is effective at emitting?
the sun emits radiation at all wavelengths but peaks in the visible, which we have evolved to be able to see. also here on the surface we are almost entirely shielded from certain specific wavelengths which are filtered by the atmosphere.
other stars have different spectra, the hottest blue stars peak in the UV, cool red dwarves peak in the near IR
No 'atmo' in venus ??
Could you stand unsuited on this planetoid for a minute while holding your breath or would you get frostbite straight away?
Great explanation. Is Tiatn considered geologically active and therefore still adding to its atmosphere (replacing what it loses)?
Venus has a thick atmosphere but no magnetosphere!
Wow Mr Petrov nice graphics
Technically Venus has lots of nitrogen too, comparable to Earth. The proportion that it makes up of it's atmosphere however is quite a bit smaller though, since it's atmosphere layer is so much thicker.
How about Venus? Does it not have an atmosphere?
Yes.
I thought the UV rays were breaking up the oxygen but if very little to no UV is hitting titan what is making the Oxygen bonds break ? A lack of gravity?
Dude you're becoming the new Carl Segan for me.
Earth really got away practically unscathed from that collision with Mars. ;)
The role of a magnetosphere, in maintaining a atmosphere is highly controversial as newer research suggests, that earths magnetosphere is little to no net advantage in that aspect(with the exception of ozone ), it seems to come down to the composition, position in the solar system, atmospheric layering, local gravity and especially the replenishing rate(also the main reason earth maintains free oxygen).
Hey ! What is the name of the music at the end ?? I've been looking for it for ages ! Thanks !
@Acid Trip which one ?
Anton would you do a breakdown of the Ganymede hypothesis?
Wow, thanks to Anton for also sparking an idea for me. Has anyone included creating an artificial magnetosphere as part of the formula for terraforming Mars?
Perhaps we should build a massive power generator at each pole and use some of our DARPA technology to extend a magnetosphere around Mars.
Pretty interesting!!!
I would expect the distance from the sun and the solar wind wouldn't effect it as much plus Saturn might act as a wind break to lessen the effects of losing atmosphere due to solar wind. As you mentioned the make up is very important to since Nitrogen is more stable than Oxygen. It would be curious how further in the future when the Sun goes into its red giant phase how it might effect Titian and the outer planets.
Hello wonderful anton, this is person...
Hi, beside Earth and Titan, Venus has a thick atmosphere too. Venus' atmosphere is at least 25 times ticker than earth. It rises to ~250 Kilometers, nearly ~4 times as Earth! Still Venus neither have a magnetic field, nor any significant amount of atmospheric Nitrogen. And it is exposed to Sun's radiation much more than Earth. Isn't this an strong exception to what said in the video?
ATMO!
anton wonderful this is hello person
His grin at the end kinda scared me...lol
Hello wonderful person
Which direction will all the gasses from earth travel? Will a planet or moon in our solar system get everything before the sun goes red giant?