I really enjoyed watching your video!! After many unsuccessful trials of trying to understand AFLP and RFLP, I FINALLY understand what's the matter with them. I am really grateful!
Question, in computer science, polymorphism is when we basically have a main class; parent and sub classes inherit the parents attributes.. I would assume that polymorphism would be similar in the fact that the tested DNA sample would show attributes of a parent.
Interesting: I had no idea this was a term that was used in more disciplines than biology. Thanks for sharing. Here's a resource with good information www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Polymorphism. Briefly, in genetics, a polymorphism ("many forms") refers to a DNA sequence like a gene that has different "versions" (alleles) in different people. For example, almost all humans have two copies of each chromosome: we inherit one version from each of our two parents at fertilization of the egg. So, a particular DNA sequence of a chromosome might be ATGATC. No two humans are exactly genetically identical (we have 3 billion "letters" comprising all of our chromosomes), so I might have inherited ATGATC as part of one chromosome from my father, and ATGATG (note the change in the sixth letter) as the same part of the same chromosome from my mother. That sixth nucleotide is polymorphic in me: my two chromosomes don't have the same DNA letter (nucleotide) at the same position. More broadly, a polymorphism means that more than one version of a DNA sequence exists (either within one person, as my example above) or with a population or species (for example, the presence of ABO blood types in humans is a form of polymorphism).
If you look here: ua-cam.com/video/AFGpcjXSppY/v-deo.html You can see he is right-handed so the video must have been inverted, either that or like Leonardo da Vinci he is an ambidextrous mirror writer.
@@sarthakparashar7508 I do agree with this one on the Video editing software because if you look at the video in the link Below you will see his wedding ring on his left hand
@@ashusingh6813 yes, I think you understand. I drew two horizontal lines to represent two copies (homologs) of chromosome 1. So, each horizontal line represents a double helix. Thus, one strand of each chromosome has the ATC and TAC sequences, so PCR primers designed to those sequences would amplify from both copies of chromosome 1 at the same time.
I like to teach by the Socratic method, so I'll ask a question in return: what is "too long" for successful PCR; how do we define success? The premise of PCR is exponential amplification of a template DNA molecule, and this depends on exponential availability of primer sites on those templates. So, if synthesis from one primer doesn't reach all the way to the other primer site, then we have made a partial single strand of the intended amplicon, but we haven't synthesized the template sequence that the other primer can bind to synthesize the second strand. In other words, you get some synthesis of partial single strands, but no exponential amplification of full-length, double-stranded PCR products.
Thank you. I define success as detectable full-length PCR products, I've been told it's difficult to amplify long templates. So if the distance between the first primer and the second primer is close to the length of the chromosome, is it technically possible to get detectable full-length (but no need to be exponential) PCR products?
The answer depends on what size chromosome you're thinking of. In general, most commercially available DNA polymerases used in PCR can only efficiently amplify a few thousand base-pairs of DNA. Some polymerases can be purchased that facilitate production of longer amplicons, but nowhere even close to near the length of (for example) a mammalian chromosome. I suggest using a search engine to look for "long range PCR" to see what sizes of amplicons are typically considered the upper limit for PCR.
Dear professor, can you please kindly differentiate RFLP vs GBS(genotyping by sequencing) vs RAD-seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) methods? I'm very confused. Thank you!
I really enjoyed watching your video!! After many unsuccessful trials of trying to understand AFLP and RFLP, I FINALLY understand what's the matter with them. I am really grateful!
Which technic would you choose if you have to compare the expression of 2 genes? And why would you choose that?
Excellent videos. Thank you so much
Simple, clear, useful. thanks!
Thank you very much! You've made it clear and simple for me
Very helpful and we'll explained! Thanks!!
Very high quality stuff 👍👍
Thank you so much
Question, in computer science, polymorphism is when we basically have a main class; parent and sub classes inherit the parents attributes.. I would assume that polymorphism would be similar in the fact that the tested DNA sample would show attributes of a parent.
Interesting: I had no idea this was a term that was used in more disciplines than biology. Thanks for sharing. Here's a resource with good information www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Polymorphism. Briefly, in genetics, a polymorphism ("many forms") refers to a DNA sequence like a gene that has different "versions" (alleles) in different people. For example, almost all humans have two copies of each chromosome: we inherit one version from each of our two parents at fertilization of the egg. So, a particular DNA sequence of a chromosome might be ATGATC. No two humans are exactly genetically identical (we have 3 billion "letters" comprising all of our chromosomes), so I might have inherited ATGATC as part of one chromosome from my father, and ATGATG (note the change in the sixth letter) as the same part of the same chromosome from my mother. That sixth nucleotide is polymorphic in me: my two chromosomes don't have the same DNA letter (nucleotide) at the same position. More broadly, a polymorphism means that more than one version of a DNA sequence exists (either within one person, as my example above) or with a population or species (for example, the presence of ABO blood types in humans is a form of polymorphism).
This is so helpful. Thanks a lot
how did you film this? it appears as though you were writing backwards, from your perspective
It's a video-editing technique where the whole recording is 'flipped' right to left
If you look here:
ua-cam.com/video/AFGpcjXSppY/v-deo.html
You can see he is right-handed so the video must have been inverted, either that or like Leonardo da Vinci he is an ambidextrous mirror writer.
@@sarthakparashar7508 I do agree with this one on the Video editing software because if you look at the video in the link Below you will see his wedding ring on his left hand
Great job! :)
What are the answers to the last questions?
Gteat job!!!
Dear professor can you please explane the ARMS PCR method .. why we use 3 primers ( wilde type primer and mutant primer and common primer)
Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with that variant of the PCR method.
I read ASMR PCR, he is quite relaxing
AFLP I got confused about the primer sequence used how’s it possible to have same sequence in both sense and antisense strands
Kindly explain
Is it about two whole double helix chromosome
@@ashusingh6813 yes, I think you understand. I drew two horizontal lines to represent two copies (homologs) of chromosome 1. So, each horizontal line represents a double helix. Thus, one strand of each chromosome has the ATC and TAC sequences, so PCR primers designed to those sequences would amplify from both copies of chromosome 1 at the same time.
What if the distance between the first primer and the second primer(anneals to the telomere) is too long to successfully carry out the PCR reaction?
I like to teach by the Socratic method, so I'll ask a question in return: what is "too long" for successful PCR; how do we define success? The premise of PCR is exponential amplification of a template DNA molecule, and this depends on exponential availability of primer sites on those templates. So, if synthesis from one primer doesn't reach all the way to the other primer site, then we have made a partial single strand of the intended amplicon, but we haven't synthesized the template sequence that the other primer can bind to synthesize the second strand. In other words, you get some synthesis of partial single strands, but no exponential amplification of full-length, double-stranded PCR products.
Thank you. I define success as detectable full-length PCR products, I've been told it's difficult to amplify long templates. So if the distance between the first primer and the second primer is close to the length of the chromosome, is it technically possible to get detectable full-length (but no need to be exponential) PCR products?
The answer depends on what size chromosome you're thinking of. In general, most commercially available DNA polymerases used in PCR can only efficiently amplify a few thousand base-pairs of DNA. Some polymerases can be purchased that facilitate production of longer amplicons, but nowhere even close to near the length of (for example) a mammalian chromosome. I suggest using a search engine to look for "long range PCR" to see what sizes of amplicons are typically considered the upper limit for PCR.
Thank you.
Dear professor, can you please kindly differentiate RFLP vs GBS(genotyping by sequencing) vs RAD-seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) methods? I'm very confused. Thank you!
where do you talk more about EcoRI?
I don't yet have additional video content on restriction enzymes
hi can u suggest a book for reference or some paper
This guy is writign backwards........................ the entire video
Thank you so so much
This guy is writign backwards........................ the entire video
هههههههههههههههههه لا هوا ما يكتب بلعكس بل يكتب على الزجاز