Exotic Sources of Cancer Medicines: Total Synthesis of Glionitrin Natural Products (Organic Chem)
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- Опубліковано 9 чер 2024
- Scientists have discovered bacteria and fungi that fight each other, producing promising anti-cancer and antibiotic natural products. Join us on the journey of learning more about biology and microbes, acid mine drainage (AMD), natural product chemistry, total synthesis and organic chemistry reaction mechanisms.
Even if you are not deeply engaged with total synthesis, I am confident that this video will enrich your understanding of natural sciences.
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As always, let me know your thoughts on this video, ideas for future ones or collaborations or projects. Please take a look at my other videos and subscribe to the channel if you would like to see more!
00:00 Introduction to Glionitrins and natural products
02:17 Acid mine drainage phenomenom and analysis of microbial phyla
05:18 Glionitrin isolation and biochemical origins
09:26 Retrosynthetic analysis, total synthesis and brief mechanistic discussions
* 5min16s - Scientists might get rich of such contaminations, but they primarily want to get rid of them :)
Key references:
- Total Synthesis of (−)-Glionitrin A and B Enabled by an Asymmetric Oxidative Sulfenylation of Triketopiperazines (pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs...)
- Glionitrin A, an Antibiotic−Antitumor Metabolite Derived from Competitive Interaction between Abandoned Mine Microbes (pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np80...)
Some recommended books on organic synthesis:
- Clayden, Greeves, Warren; Organic Chemistry (basic organic chemistry knowledge)
- Wyatt, Warren; Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach (excellent introduction to retrosynthesis)
- Kurti, Czako; Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis (extensive toolkit of functional group reactions and applications thereof with common conditions)
- Nicolaou et al; Classics in Total Synthesis 1-3 (the ultimate total synthesis trilogy)
- Nicolaou; Molecules That Changed the World (the world's most important molecules and their impact on everyday life)
- Carreira, Kvaerno; Classics in Stereoselective Synthesis (compilation of the groundbreaking methods of stereoselective synthesis and application to synthesis of stereochemically complex structures) - Наука та технологія
![ПОЛНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ЭКЗОРЦИЗМА [Топ Сикрет]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qBySr6Bt0B8/mqdefault.jpg)
this channel is the perfect example of quality over quantity
A new total synthesis video, this makes the serotonin happen, very good.
Question to the audience: Many of you watch my videos on mobile phones. Would you like much bigger graphics (for example, when showing synthesis schemes) for better viewing experience on smaller displays? Let me know your thoughts!
Phone posters must suffer
That would be great if you made them bigger, I do indeed have some trouble seeing the catalysts over the arrows.
On another note, great video as always!
@@knivesnico8775 lmao
yes, and also make the phone manufacturers make bigger screens!
Yes bigger graphics please.
Small correction about agent orange & dioxin: “Agent orange is a mixture of equal parts of two herbicides, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. In addition to its damaging environmental effects, traces of dioxin (mainly TCDD, the most toxic of its type) found in the mixture have caused major health problems for many individuals who were exposed, and their offspring.” From Wikipedia
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Always a pleasure to have you whisper concentrated quality content in my ear. The ratio between the amount of videos you are uploading to the amount of people subscribing to you is clearly displaying the effort you are putting into it. Keep up the outstanding work!
A S M R
You are THE BEST person at showcasing syntheses on youtube i know about, why don't you post more frequently ?I assume that quality has something to do with it
Great video! I did not expect that the synthesis would have that few steps. I came for the synthesis, but the learning all about the microbial environment in mines was very interesting.
Have a nice weekend man.
Thank you for the new video
Total synthesis NUMBA ONE!!!!!
5:17 As a chemist working with pesticides, I have to point out that agent orange was a mixture of 2,4-D and 2,3,4-T herbicides. Dioxins were present in agent orange because TCDD is a side product in the synthesis of 2,3,4-T. 2,4-D is still commonly used today
Well spotted, thanks
The bitter struggle between two microbes in an acid mine drainage site is the gritty mafia show we all want.
4:54 Dioxins are easily my favorite class of man made toxin. I didn't know bacteria could metabolize them... Please more like this 🙏
Again, you are one of my favorite resident youtube scientists. Thank you for this video.
Nature's little micro reactors are mind boggling.. Many mechanisms still not elucidated by the best.. The cyclizations especially epoxide cyclization are particularly fascinating to me. Yes biggest molecule size possible please. Other channels lost me because I can't see the molecular design. Great work here
Highly appreciated for making these videos. True gem on this platform. Keep doing this, excellent job.
Thank you!
Thank you for your contents, this channel is great. Keep it up!
WE ARE THE ORGANIC BOIS
Thank you once again for this high quality content. Always interesting to get to know background information and summeries from the field of organic chemistry and life science.
Etizolam is the devil my friend. Be well
Fantastic work as usual! Thank you for posting again!🔥🔥🔥
I waited so long, and boy was it worth it! Great video, I gotta show this to my professor
Awesome video! Really enjoyed it!
The key C-S quaternary stereogenic centre formation is pretty cool! Good work!
You build the diketopiperazine core and then you do : S8, NaHMDS, to install the final bridge. Less fancy but less steps also.
Yes, taxol and colchine are quite interesting. I imagine making taxol chemically would be very tricky with lots of steps required.
Great job Dear, Thank you so much
Oh boi, this is so interesting but so complicated.
You make really great content!! You should try making a video on synthesis of mifepristone from norethisterone!!
Freaking awesome content. How much work goes into this organic boi
I’m gonna subscribe so I can continue getting schooled
🤣💕
Great video. But I gotta say this - tetrachlorodibenzodioxine is not Agent Orange. It doesn't have much effect on plants, which was the point of the whole operation. Dioxines were byproducts of process in which Agent Orange was synthetised. They were essentially unwanted impurities, but nobody cared to purify stuff that was a weapon of war, plus back then people didn't really know how toxic they are anyways.
On paper actual Agent Orange was a mixture of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, which are herbicides.
Thank you - you are absolutely right! Funny when contaminants become more important than the intended active substances
Taxol yield from genetically modified e coli with the taxol type gene may be a lot easier than purifying it from the leaves since taxol concentration is only 0.001% for the leaves. Shelf life of taxol at minus 80 degrees C is 6 months or so.
Geology student who has also surprisingly loved ochem, and yes we have a bit of a love-hate relationship with bio peeps 😂 Interesting to note that the most recently accepted term, in our field anyway, is acid rock drainage. Highly mineralized rocks outcrop naturally too, so it's important to not downplay the fact that this could literally be happening in your back yard even though there was never a mine there
Interesting!!
Ok I understood about 1/10 th of the video. But the organic chemisty is awesome!
And I want to thank you for puting the image of Trump cheering on a fight between a bacteria and a fungus into my mind.
I tried purifying yew leaves with ethanol and 25% Acetic acid. I heated it carefully to 50 degrees but some boiling eventually occurred and destroyed the product!
Where dd you get that marine natural product bar graph from?
www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4539
@@totalsynthesis Thank you Sir!
instant like and comment for the algorithm
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Algorithm comment 🔥
Hello my friend, may I ask if your company needs anti-cancer drugs-
(Including formula, raw materials, semi-finished products)? I am from China.
Nope but thanks for asking haha
@@totalsynthesis Our domestic company supplies anti-cancer drugs-
(Including formula, raw materials and semi-finished products). Your company will reproduce it and make it a more valuable product.
Ahhhhh yall thats crazy!!!! Co- cultures? The idea of having chemisty be done by microbes has aleays fascinates me.
The idea that there are chemicals that could only be formed if theres two microbes sharing an environment is crazy
It's really amazing!