In October I'm heading abroad to a country where I can't use UA-cam with any regularity for two years. My guess is that this will be the last Biblaridion video I'll see till I get back. Thank you for all you've taught me. Your videos are incredible. Pehāspemō!
the to be in "being" is not really a copula, as it means "behaving as" or similar here. this is an interesting phenomenon: a copula cannot have an -ing form, but we obviously can combine _be_ with _ing_ to get _being,_ for which we then find (by some sort of semantic creep) a good use. there is another rule in English that tells us that absolute/stative verbs cannot have a present continuous. textbook example: to love. But of course we do say: _I'm loving it!_ Again, semantic creep finds a use for a "forbidden" form; in this case _loving_ means _thoroughly enjoying._
20:11 Mandarin bié 别/別 does have the meaning “to cut” but it’s unrelated to the prohibitive usage. The prohibitive bié is just a contraction of búyào 不要 “not want” which is still also commonly used in full for the prohibitive (不要說謊[--说谎] “don’t lie” = 別說謊). The spelling as 別 is just phonetic due to the homophony between the contraction and the morpheme “to cut, to seperate.”
To me "I am toward running" or "I live toward running" sounds like saying I'm inclined towards running. (Notice how I can use the same word in English.) It's something I'm likely to do. So that's very habitual.
No, an inclination can be a one-off thing. In British English, "I tend to..." probably sounds quite habitual to you (think of the related word tendency!) but we mostly use this phrase to discuss one-time decisions or judgements.
A few thoughts on the tense system: 'I live having ran' seems more like an experiential than a perfect to me (I interpret it as 'I have experienced running' or something). 'I lived at running' could be the perfect then, and 'I stood at running' the imperfect for example.
Some of these example sentences make me think there needs to be a weird avant garde movie in this language. *R being perfectly still. g:"What are you doing here?" g:"Why won't you talk to me?" R:"I am a tree." g:"You are? But I need you." g:"Please don't be a tree. I need you to be a human." R:*Begins to turn into a tree like the woman in Annihilation g:"NOO! No! Stop it! Please don't be a tree! I need you!" g:"I need you with me as a human!" R:*Is now a tree.
@@pikapuffin368 btw, I'm curious if you got my reference to the movie "Annihilation". If the first movie I could think of where someone turned into a plant, though it was more of a bush than a tree.
I thought maybe there wasn't animation for the in-between states in Annihilation, making it weird to say "like ... in Annihilation", but it turns out there was a little bit. ua-cam.com/video/eyGK-25Z248/v-deo.html
Actually, the mood of a this scene in a movie in this conglang reminds me more of Incubus, that black and white movie in Esparanto starring William Shatner before he did Star Trek.
If you like vowel initial words and seeing as you have lots of vowel endings I recommend you think of how hiatuses will work in rapid speech. Many languages like Latin, Greek and many of their descendants like Spanish usually have some degree of synalepha, where the two vowels form a sort of diphthong that takes up only one syllable. So in Spanish, for example, a phrase like "Quiere hacer algo excelente este año" really sounds like [kje.re‿a.'seɾ.'al.ɣo‿ek.se.'len.te‿es.te.'a.ɲo], or almost [kje.re̯a.'seɾ'al.ɣo̯ek.se.'len.tes.te.'a.ɲo], where the only real syllable break is between "este" and "año" because the "a" in "año" is stressed. But you could have [es.'te‿a.ɲo] or [es.'te̯a.ɲo] too. Other languages will, of course, add a glottal stop at the beginning of words that start with vowels, or between two vowels from different words. Korean, for example, often adds a glide in between, so a phrase like "나에게 (na-ege)", meaning " to me", should be pronounced [na.e.ge] but is often pronounced [na.je.ge], and a word with a silent "h" like "좋아요 (johayo-->joayo)", meaning "like", should be pronounced [tɕo.ha.jo] or [tɕo.a.jo], but ends up being pronouned [tɕo.wa.jo]. Other languages, like English, don't have a specific strategy, so to speak, but it is also true that English has few words that end in vowels, so the problem arises seldom, unlike your language. So I'd think it would be sensible to come up with some idea.
_Don't be a tree_ reminds me there in Russian we have a similar idiom. Roughly translated it should be _Don't stand like a postpole!_ ~ don't just stand here do smth. Or it could mean just _Don't be stupid,_ right? I believe this meaning for "piece of wood", "chump" is equally common in Russian & English both.
10:26 The switch also makes sense because it makes more sense to have the older more basic copula first and the locative copula second (provided I've remembered your copulae correctly).
Polite imperative deriving from "we" sounds to me like you're gently asking a kid to do their chores, something along the lines of "let's clean up now, okay?" I really like that tbh
Should you not also switch the order over the example table for the "tenses?" Where you determined what the various forms mean still has Present Tense as form III.
Sorry to be out of topic, but please do two more series of "Alien Biospheres", about freshwater flora, fauna and biotopes, and about different marine habitats - littoral zone, shallow water, reefs, open sea, underwater thickets and "meadows", subglacial waters and deep-sea biotopes, as well as different climatic zones. And then something you poorly described it. My assumptions: 1. Chemophites will grow underwater too. Their underwater relatives may exist. 2. Among them will be surface floating species such as duckweed, sargassus and water hyacinth. Perhaps somewhere they form gigantic tracts of vegetation, such as that in the Sargasso Sea. 3. Anostracans will master pelagial and become ecological analogues of squids 4. There will be mobile radially symmetrical anthostomes. These will be ecological analogues of echinoderms. 5. Also, there will be shellless anthostomes. They will become analogous to sea anemones and jellyfish polyps, and also hydras (polyps, not snakes or dragons). And one more thing: say a word about the unfortunate opisthopterians!
Wouldn't the imperative, or any other situation where there is no subject noun but there is an object, be Auxiliary Object Verb? So for example "Please don't be a tree" would be "Tünkö osto issin"
Hello Biblaridion. I am really having a hard time constructing my first Conlang and I feel kind of lost. I have watched your video series "how to make a language" but now I don't know where to get my further knowledge of linguistics from. Do you know any good sources? By the way I LOVE your channel😄
[Some important suggestions on Alien Biospheres] I know from your last alien biospheres that you are working on sociality in animals for your next video. And one suggestion for that is to not skip out on facial features. Us humans are very much social pack animals, and we have some unique things we’ve evolved for that. First off is our eyebrows; one purpose of our eyebrows is to keep sweat and other things from dripping into our eyes, but another feature of them is the ability to easily and quickly communicate our emotions to other members of our tribe. Another thing is our sclera (the white of our eye); we have much larger sclera than other animals as it helps us convey what we are looking at quickly. Another thing is the fact that we just have more facial muscles than would be expected of other animals as a part of conveying emotions. And finally something behavioral is loneliness; loneliness is basically a social queue to discourage bad behavior leading to a better chance of survival. You should watch Kurzgesagt’s video on loneliness for a better explanation on it.
After you mentioned the "to cut" thing for negation, it made me think of the horrendous idea that [to stand]s' negative forms would be swapped with [to sit/lie] and, likewise, the [to live]s' swapped with [to die] meaning that the negatives and positives in the modern language would look nothing alike.
Hi there, I just wanted to know that how do you showcase your script digitally? I mean I also created a conscript for my language but I wrote it all on paper... So can you tell me which app/Software or illustration tool you used to showcase them digitally as pictures... P.S. my script is an abugida and is derived from ancient bramhi and it's descendents in the north India
6 sense should be considered a language that applies to all living organisms such as mammals, reptiles, avians, insects, and arachnids for smelling, tasting, hearing, touching, sighting and Remembering memory recognition.
"The woman is an ox... Wait that makes no sense." "Ah! The ox is a female!" Just because he's castrated doesn't mean you can degrade his masculinity like that, poor ox :(
Mandarin has a third way to form negative imperatives: buyao, literally "don't want to." I don't think it's used as much but my teachers taught it first anyway.
Problem: I cannot record subtitles from Alien Biospheres (even with them enabled) as I have no internet on my computer (because the router broke down), but we cannot turn on the tablet (because a suitable wire was not found). I tried to take screenshots, but as soon as I take the next screenshot, the words immediately slip away - so quickly they go. Well buck your alien other!
I've got a question. If I have a vso language, with verb-like prepositions, how can I develop some indirect object or complement person marking on the verb?
Allative is a type of lative. If I recall correctly, latives describe movement and take various prefixes to be more specific: allative, towards; ablative, away; sublative, under; etc. That being said, a couple of my own conlangs conflate locatives and latives so I don't see it as an issue here.
@@impishDullahan would Japanese へ be that? It is sometimes interchangeable with に, but the former carries the implication of “toward” and the focus on the journey while the latter is more “to” and the destination.
I think I prefer the system where the future/ fut. in past become subjunctive and conditional as the imperfect remains along with the narrative past tense
@@DrWhom please elaborate. what does "being" mean if its not equating? to clarify, a full sentence int his form would be something like "my brother is being annoying"
Are anime girls biologically believable? P. S. Anime is Japanese animation. Its characters are often characterized by disproportionately large eyes, extremely simplistic facial features and a small nose, less often colored hair; although there are exceptions. P. P. S. Big eyes in real life can boast of tarsiers, dragonflies and lorises (primates, not parrots), and partly cats and lemurs. Also, if you look not at the incision of the eyelids, but at the eyeball, then the owners of huge eyes will be eagles, owls and their relatives. Still disproportionately large eye sockets are characteristic of tyrannosaurs and troodontids. P. P. P. S. More often, such eyes are characteristic of nocturnal animals (in this case, there will be a large pupil, or looking at great distances (in this case, the eyelid incision may even be narrow), less often for lizards or amphibians that rely on field of vision. Exceptions are animals with compound eyes, such as dragonflies and other insects. Another adaptation to the nocturnal lifestyle is the tapetum - a layer of cells in the back of the eye that reflects light onto the retina, due to which more light is captured by the light receptors. If you saw how the eyes of a cat or other animal "shine", then this is it.
they are believable by the biological mechanism through which they arose in real-life: as supranormal stimuli to the lust-regulating centres of the masculinised brain of Homo sapiens.
Why do you reject "I am knowing"?? You're letting yourself and your conlang be constrained by and limited to your native English speaking perceptions. "I know..." = I have the knowledge of sth. "I'm knowing..." = I have the awareness of sth in this moment. Ironically, you use this progressive verb form as an adverbial for a temporary state in senteces like: "I did it while knowing it wasn't possible." Even more ironically, you say: I'm having, I'm being etc for emphasizing temporary states.
Having a restriction on what tenses/aspects can be applied to a given verb based on lexical aspect is not in any way unique to English. I brought up "I am knowing" as a simple example of the sort of thing I was talking about, but plenty of other languages do similar things. And in the end I decided against doing it in this conlang, so I'm not really sure what your contention is.
@@Biblaridion I understood that you dismissed an equivalent of "I am knowing" in your conlang as being possibly correct, because you deemed "I am knowing" ungrammatical in English. Did I understand you wrong?
stative/absolutive verbs do not allow the present continuous in English. However, we are always finding new meanings for such forbidden forms. Your example illustrates the semantic shift. Another good example is to love. I cannot love those I love in the present continuous. But "I am loving" does exist, in the sense of enjoying.
@@Biblaridion Agreed, such limitations are universal; however, finding new meanings for such forbidden forms is also universal and could be a driver for language change. A related issue is that of defective verbs: are the gaps positively forbidden or just forms nobody has any use for? In French I have to say _il me faut_ but I cannot say _je faus_*
In October I'm heading abroad to a country where I can't use UA-cam with any regularity for two years. My guess is that this will be the last Biblaridion video I'll see till I get back. Thank you for all you've taught me. Your videos are incredible. Pehāspemō!
You back?🥺
welcome back!
"English has some examples where you use the copula twice"
Somehow you missed the extremely simple example "I'm being [x]"
the to be in "being" is not really a copula, as it means "behaving as" or similar here. this is an interesting phenomenon: a copula cannot have an -ing form, but we obviously can combine _be_ with _ing_ to get _being,_ for which we then find (by some sort of semantic creep) a good use. there is another rule in English that tells us that absolute/stative verbs cannot have a present continuous. textbook example: to love. But of course we do say: _I'm loving it!_ Again, semantic creep finds a use for a "forbidden" form; in this case _loving_ means _thoroughly enjoying._
@@DrWhom I think they were talking about passive voice present tense
Will it soon be time for Biblaridion to enter the odinsleep, to regenerate his vast conlanging power?
It seems you were correct.
20:11 Mandarin bié 别/別 does have the meaning “to cut” but it’s unrelated to the prohibitive usage. The prohibitive bié is just a contraction of búyào 不要 “not want” which is still also commonly used in full for the prohibitive (不要說謊[--说谎] “don’t lie” = 別說謊). The spelling as 別 is just phonetic due to the homophony between the contraction and the morpheme “to cut, to seperate.”
To me "I am toward running" or "I live toward running" sounds like saying I'm inclined towards running. (Notice how I can use the same word in English.) It's something I'm likely to do. So that's very habitual.
That's a good point
No, an inclination can be a one-off thing. In British English, "I tend to..." probably sounds quite habitual to you (think of the related word tendency!) but we mostly use this phrase to discuss one-time decisions or judgements.
A few thoughts on the tense system: 'I live having ran' seems more like an experiential than a perfect to me (I interpret it as 'I have experienced running' or something). 'I lived at running' could be the perfect then, and 'I stood at running' the imperfect for example.
Some of these example sentences make me think there needs to be a weird avant garde movie in this language.
*R being perfectly still.
g:"What are you doing here?"
g:"Why won't you talk to me?"
R:"I am a tree."
g:"You are? But I need you."
g:"Please don't be a tree. I need you to be a human."
R:*Begins to turn into a tree like the woman in Annihilation
g:"NOO! No! Stop it! Please don't be a tree! I need you!"
g:"I need you with me as a human!"
R:*Is now a tree.
Beautiful, dark, and a moment I could totally steal for my DND game :P. Thanks!
@@pikapuffin368 btw, I'm curious if you got my reference to the movie "Annihilation". If the first movie I could think of where someone turned into a plant, though it was more of a bush than a tree.
I thought maybe there wasn't animation for the in-between states in Annihilation, making it weird to say "like ... in Annihilation", but it turns out there was a little bit. ua-cam.com/video/eyGK-25Z248/v-deo.html
Actually, the mood of a this scene in a movie in this conglang reminds me more of Incubus, that black and white movie in Esparanto starring William Shatner before he did Star Trek.
My favourite series, back again. Very happy :D
If you like vowel initial words and seeing as you have lots of vowel endings I recommend you think of how hiatuses will work in rapid speech.
Many languages like Latin, Greek and many of their descendants like Spanish usually have some degree of synalepha, where the two vowels form a sort of diphthong that takes up only one syllable. So in Spanish, for example, a phrase like "Quiere hacer algo excelente este año" really sounds like [kje.re‿a.'seɾ.'al.ɣo‿ek.se.'len.te‿es.te.'a.ɲo], or almost [kje.re̯a.'seɾ'al.ɣo̯ek.se.'len.tes.te.'a.ɲo], where the only real syllable break is between "este" and "año" because the "a" in "año" is stressed. But you could have [es.'te‿a.ɲo] or [es.'te̯a.ɲo] too.
Other languages will, of course, add a glottal stop at the beginning of words that start with vowels, or between two vowels from different words.
Korean, for example, often adds a glide in between, so a phrase like "나에게 (na-ege)", meaning " to me", should be pronounced [na.e.ge] but is often pronounced [na.je.ge], and a word with a silent "h" like "좋아요 (johayo-->joayo)", meaning "like", should be pronounced [tɕo.ha.jo] or [tɕo.a.jo], but ends up being pronouned [tɕo.wa.jo].
Other languages, like English, don't have a specific strategy, so to speak, but it is also true that English has few words that end in vowels, so the problem arises seldom, unlike your language. So I'd think it would be sensible to come up with some idea.
@Tianrang Bu tru
It always brings me joy to see this series return. It was great getting this many conlanging videos between last and next alien biospheres
your voice is very calming. I like to listen to these while drawing.
_Don't be a tree_ reminds me there in Russian we have a similar idiom. Roughly translated it should be _Don't stand like a postpole!_ ~ don't just stand here do smth.
Or it could mean just _Don't be stupid,_ right? I believe this meaning for "piece of wood", "chump" is equally common in Russian & English both.
The same idiom appears in Polish too.
This videos are even better to watch than AB series.
10:26 The switch also makes sense because it makes more sense to have the older more basic copula first and the locative copula second (provided I've remembered your copulae correctly).
@@ec1480 You've probably replied to the wrong comment.
@@Mr.Nichan Oops
Polite imperative deriving from "we" sounds to me like you're gently asking a kid to do their chores, something along the lines of "let's clean up now, okay?" I really like that tbh
its been a month and still patiently waiting
14:00 talks about double copulas, forgets about the most common form "I'm being"
whew, i just binged this whole series in the last three days. super excited to see how things develop. now i wanna go back and work on my old conlangs
I was just thinking “Don’t be a tree” could be a good proverb. “Don’t muck about” or “Hurry up” or some such. Or “Don’t be such a dummy”.
Alas, the Conlanging Caterpillar must form a cocoon, only to emerge two months from now as the Biosphere Butterfly.
Wdym deadpan? You were fabulous
Should you not also switch the order over the example table for the "tenses?" Where you determined what the various forms mean still has Present Tense as form III.
Sorry to be out of topic, but please do two more series of "Alien Biospheres", about freshwater flora, fauna and biotopes, and about different marine habitats - littoral zone, shallow water, reefs, open sea, underwater thickets and "meadows", subglacial waters and deep-sea biotopes, as well as different climatic zones. And then something you poorly described it. My assumptions:
1. Chemophites will grow underwater too. Their underwater relatives may exist.
2. Among them will be surface floating species such as duckweed, sargassus and water hyacinth. Perhaps somewhere they form gigantic tracts of vegetation, such as that in the Sargasso Sea.
3. Anostracans will master pelagial and become ecological analogues of squids
4. There will be mobile radially symmetrical anthostomes. These will be ecological analogues of echinoderms.
5. Also, there will be shellless anthostomes. They will become analogous to sea anemones and jellyfish polyps, and also hydras (polyps, not snakes or dragons).
And one more thing: say a word about the unfortunate opisthopterians!
I like when stories are being told
Wouldn't the imperative, or any other situation where there is no subject noun but there is an object, be Auxiliary Object Verb? So for example "Please don't be a tree" would be "Tünkö osto issin"
Yeah case study!!
Cant wait for that next qlien biospheres episode
Hello Biblaridion. I am really having a hard time constructing my first Conlang and I feel kind of lost. I have watched your video series "how to make a language" but now I don't know where to get my further knowledge of linguistics from. Do you know any good sources? By the way I LOVE your channel😄
[Some important suggestions on Alien Biospheres]
I know from your last alien biospheres that you are working on sociality in animals for your next video. And one suggestion for that is to not skip out on facial features. Us humans are very much social pack animals, and we have some unique things we’ve evolved for that. First off is our eyebrows; one purpose of our eyebrows is to keep sweat and other things from dripping into our eyes, but another feature of them is the ability to easily and quickly communicate our emotions to other members of our tribe. Another thing is our sclera (the white of our eye); we have much larger sclera than other animals as it helps us convey what we are looking at quickly. Another thing is the fact that we just have more facial muscles than would be expected of other animals as a part of conveying emotions. And finally something behavioral is loneliness; loneliness is basically a social queue to discourage bad behavior leading to a better chance of survival. You should watch Kurzgesagt’s video on loneliness for a better explanation on it.
After you mentioned the "to cut" thing for negation, it made me think of the horrendous idea that [to stand]s' negative forms would be swapped with [to sit/lie] and, likewise, the [to live]s' swapped with [to die] meaning that the negatives and positives in the modern language would look nothing alike.
I actually fid exactly that for a conlang
Polite for familiar people plural/formal for unfamiliar people
Hi there, I just wanted to know that how do you showcase your script digitally? I mean I also created a conscript for my language but I wrote it all on paper... So can you tell me which app/Software or illustration tool you used to showcase them digitally as pictures...
P.S. my script is an abugida and is derived from ancient bramhi and it's descendents in the north India
Do you ever do auxlangs? Pandunia just released its 2.0 version, it's a really cool conlang.
Could you make an overview of the Suma'a language like you did with your other Refugium conlangs?
6 sense should be considered a language that applies to all living organisms such as mammals, reptiles, avians, insects, and arachnids for smelling, tasting, hearing, touching, sighting and Remembering memory recognition.
"The woman is an ox... Wait that makes no sense."
"Ah! The ox is a female!"
Just because he's castrated doesn't mean you can degrade his masculinity like that, poor ox :(
Mandarin has a third way to form negative imperatives: buyao, literally "don't want to." I don't think it's used as much but my teachers taught it first anyway.
Problem: I cannot record subtitles from Alien Biospheres (even with them enabled) as I have no internet on my computer (because the router broke down), but we cannot turn on the tablet (because a suitable wire was not found). I tried to take screenshots, but as soon as I take the next screenshot, the words immediately slip away - so quickly they go. Well buck your alien other!
I've got a question.
If I have a vso language, with verb-like prepositions, how can I develop some indirect object or complement person marking on the verb?
by allowing constructions with null subjects first
think about it
@@DrWhom i have just understood this comment
I love the alien biosphere series, but man that slow down the conlang stuff, by a lot
hospitals used to be trees in French it seems. because it's abbreviation is "hosto" (the H is silent)
Bib this is ep 22!
I might be being followed
Is it just me or is the main discord link not working for others as well? I think it expired
yeah it expired :c all of the discord invite links have expired, i believe
@@zoz192 :(
Yeah and I am finally able to start a discord after being busy for so long and right when I’m ready to make fanart I can’t get to the discord ToT
4:25 By "locative", I think you mean "allative" or maybe "lative". "Toward" is allative or lative (I'm not sure what the difference is.)
Allative is a type of lative. If I recall correctly, latives describe movement and take various prefixes to be more specific: allative, towards; ablative, away; sublative, under; etc.
That being said, a couple of my own conlangs conflate locatives and latives so I don't see it as an issue here.
"Allative" is typically used when there is not much need for specification, hence it's in languages with ~8 cases, but not Finnish, I think
@@impishDullahan would Japanese へ be that? It is sometimes interchangeable with に, but the former carries the implication of “toward” and the focus on the journey while the latter is more “to” and the destination.
I think I prefer the system where the future/ fut. in past become subjunctive and conditional as the imperfect remains along with the narrative past tense
Couldn’t it be a relative clause that gets reanalysed as an adposition?
Is this not Part 22?
he IS BEing. two copulas
no, it's actually _not_ a copula in the second BE because of a semantic shift
@@DrWhom please elaborate. what does "being" mean if its not equating? to clarify, a full sentence int his form would be something like "my brother is being annoying"
I am being adjective
Atmosphere extra-terrestre s'il te plaît
I'll be a tree just because
epig
pog
Are anime girls biologically believable?
P. S. Anime is Japanese animation. Its characters are often characterized by disproportionately large eyes, extremely simplistic facial features and a small nose, less often colored hair; although there are exceptions.
P. P. S. Big eyes in real life can boast of tarsiers, dragonflies and lorises (primates, not parrots), and partly cats and lemurs. Also, if you look not at the incision of the eyelids, but at the eyeball, then the owners of huge eyes will be eagles, owls and their relatives. Still disproportionately large eye sockets are characteristic of tyrannosaurs and troodontids.
P. P. P. S. More often, such eyes are characteristic of nocturnal animals (in this case, there will be a large pupil, or looking at great distances (in this case, the eyelid incision may even be narrow), less often for lizards or amphibians that rely on field of vision. Exceptions are animals with compound eyes, such as dragonflies and other insects. Another adaptation to the nocturnal lifestyle is the tapetum - a layer of cells in the back of the eye that reflects light onto the retina, due to which more light is captured by the light receptors. If you saw how the eyes of a cat or other animal "shine", then this is it.
they are believable by the biological mechanism through which they arose in real-life: as supranormal stimuli to the lust-regulating centres of the masculinised brain of Homo sapiens.
Alien biospheres whem?
Whenever he completes it, unless he died trying, which always starts feeling like a distinct possibility of what has happened at this stage.
fifth!!!
First?
lier, or I guess it depends what you were first at
WE DEMAND RP GAME IN DISCORD IN YOUR WORLD!
So would be a mass extinction in Allen biosphere part 12
Second. ("12 seconds ago" on the video and "16 seconds ago" on the first comment specifically)
Why do you reject "I am knowing"?? You're letting yourself and your conlang be constrained by and limited to your native English speaking perceptions.
"I know..." = I have the knowledge of sth.
"I'm knowing..." = I have the awareness of sth in this moment.
Ironically, you use this progressive verb form as an adverbial for a temporary state in senteces like:
"I did it while knowing it wasn't possible."
Even more ironically, you say: I'm having, I'm being etc for emphasizing temporary states.
Having a restriction on what tenses/aspects can be applied to a given verb based on lexical aspect is not in any way unique to English. I brought up "I am knowing" as a simple example of the sort of thing I was talking about, but plenty of other languages do similar things. And in the end I decided against doing it in this conlang, so I'm not really sure what your contention is.
@@Biblaridion I understood that you dismissed an equivalent of "I am knowing" in your conlang as being possibly correct, because you deemed "I am knowing" ungrammatical in English. Did I understand you wrong?
stative/absolutive verbs do not allow the present continuous in English. However, we are always finding new meanings for such forbidden forms. Your example illustrates the semantic shift. Another good example is to love. I cannot love those I love in the present continuous. But "I am loving" does exist, in the sense of enjoying.
@@Biblaridion Agreed, such limitations are universal; however, finding new meanings for such forbidden forms is also universal and could be a driver for language change.
A related issue is that of defective verbs: are the gaps positively forbidden or just forms nobody has any use for? In French I have to say _il me faut_ but I cannot say _je faus_*