I can't believe I just learned of the existence of these things today. I'm learning a lot and your video is the best one I've seen so far. Thank you for taking the time to explain it!
Excellent project well executed & simply explained & well built. i plan to take a shot at one of these myself for a display piece soon hence finding your video production. those 5 years where certainly worth it. This is one of the best home builds ive seen so far. Ide like to have a pop a a deuterium set up one day, but the the level of construction needed is nothing short of industrial to achieve that. I will start simple, i already have a lifetime of HV experience, so there is a good grounding (pun intended) Its good to see people still doing things like this in the UK, excellent lab build to.
if you want a cheap vacuum booster, get a pipe that is 30 feet long with caps on both ends. Then put a ball valve on one side (bottom) and connect a vacuum line to the other end (top). connect the vacuum line from the pipe into a Tee in your current vacuum system. Fill the whole pipe with water and then stand it up and put a bucket around the valve so when the bucket is full the valve will be submerged. pump as much vacuum as you can with the pump and then open the valve on the bottom of the pipe to start draining the water out, the 30 ft of water will pull an almost perfect vacuum.
Wow that's ingenious, and I can't think of a thing go single reason why this wouldn't work other than getting leaks where you connect a vacuum line to the top of the pipe.
Hi, just a suggestion, why didn't you use a capacitor to filter the output of the HV transformer, without one the, the supply voltage to the anode in the vacuum chamber will be pulsating to the frequency (half) of the mains supply, you can salvage one from a microwave and it would stabilise the dc current to the anode. Great project!
@@JohnVKaravitis does it produce x-rays? No. I haven't seen the video yet and judging by the colour of that plasma, the gas he is using is hydrogen not deuterium. If it really is a fusor reactor, you wouldn't be in the same room as the project because a real fusor does produce a lot of x-rays.
Great video mate. Best and most simple fusor I have seen so far. Very supprised that your channel hasn't got many many times more subs. Keep on going on!
according to other fusor videos there should be glow at the central point of the spherical grid, where the fusion is happening. Maybe it needs to be more symmetrical?
That and let's add a couple billion degrees and 3 or 4 million atmospheres of pressure, that should get it. He's almost there just 9 or 10 trillion dollars of funding
What you are describing is known as star mode, my is operating in halo mode, where the grid itself glows. Star mode is achieved using a more powerful vacuum system which I do not own. However, I actually prefer halo mode, I think it looks cooler.
1. For your safety, verify the absence of gamma rays with a Geiger Counter. 2. A Utah state grad student built the fusor based on Farnsworth's patent document. He used a stack of CDs in front of his Geiger counter tube to be able to detect neutrons. It worked. 3. To get the electrical connection into the chamber through the plastic, next time consider using a ceramic feed-through capacitor. The capacitance value is irrelevant since you will be mounting the feed-through capacitor flange into the chamber plastic base or wall. Screw the steel post into a block of plastic inside the chamber which is then glued to the chamber base inside. 4. If you can disconnect the transformer secondary high voltage from the ground or transformer case, then you can use a full-wave rectifier bridge to produce full-wave DC output (2KV.)
Hi! I am a IB student from the Netherlands. I myself am building a Fusor for a school project and my question is if you would be willing to be interviewed for my Personal Project. Possibly give me some tips on the electrical engineering etc, I hope to hear back from you! Thank you in advance and kind regards, Jayden Beesemer IB MYP 5
Very nice project and well documented! Just a question on your vacuum chamber: is that standard glass or is it some kind of plastic like plexiglass (PMMA) or something similar?
If you lose your voltage every half wave it seems that the ions will scatter and won't build up over time the way they would if there was a constant DC voltage.
There is no positive end. Since only 1 diode is used, the rectifier is only half wave negative, meaning you have AC going in and only negative DC coming out. The circuit is completed as the outer electrode and the other AC terminal on the transformer (the case) are connected to ground
@@lilyh4467 Just ground, the only power source is the transformer that generates the negative potential at the inner electrode. Remember that in order for the fusor to function, a negative potential must exist between the inner and outer grids, this setup achieves this.
Hi, just wanted to congratulate you on the project completion. I've done a similar one using a few different pumps. One note thou, there seems to be some restriction in the vacuum line, like a check valve or something. You can hear the pump stop gurgling way too fast and that is not how it should sound with such a chamber. I think you could get a much improved vacuum if the lines from the pump was free from restrictions and not too small dimensions. Hope you get to run that often and inspire others to get involved in the field, greetings from Sweden (:
2kVac rectifies is probably at a low end of reactivity for deuterium-deuterium. Too bad there was no neutron counter to verify if there is any fusion or if that is just plasma.
The side of the vacuum pump says it is able to reach a 0.01 Pa vacuum. That would be enough for a fusor (I think), so the 0.01 Pa pledge is not true :( Did you measured what is the best vacuum it can achieve?
What are your thoughts on the Safire Project? They claim that injecting a catalyst provided at least a 20-fold amplification. Could that ultimately produce more energy than it consumes if sufficiently scaled up?
Two quick questions if I could: 1) Although this is a demo fusor as you say, does it produce anything that can be detected on a geiger counter? 2) If you run two microwave transformers in series, shouldn't that multiply your voltage again for more effect? Thanks! :)
1. No, it is a demo fusor so no actual fusion should occur, any type of radiation detector used near this will register nothing above background. My point in the video was that it is very unlikely, but not impossible that a few atoms could be fusing due to the random distribution of energies inside the chamber. (Although this was more of a tongue in cheek way of validating its name of a fusion reactor). 2. If you connect two MOT's such that their primaries were in parallel and their secondaries were in series, yes you would have a voltage output of about 4000 VAC. This was the setup I used for my project Exodus Tesla Coil (One short video of which can be found on my channel). However, this configuration would draw more current. My limiting factor was not the number of MOT's but actually the Variac itself (at about 3 amps). So this fusor doesn't actually leverage the full power the MOT can provide. I chose 3 amps because I tested the fusor initially with a 15 amp variac and found negligible performance increase past that point. (Arcing began and the vacuum quality then became the limiting factor). Finally, the chamber and MOT get very hot if pushed for more then about 5 minuets at full power, making a cooling system necessary if I wanted a more powerful effect.
@@halfcorp9720 Thanks for that, very good explanation and quick response! :). I wrongly assumed that the voltage would go up but the current draw would remain the same, interesting that the results don't seem to vary much with increased power, so that makes it fairly simple to build then! I've just successfully made a mini cloud chamber with peltiers and looking to this as my next project. Making one with Deuterium would be cool... but I think I'll start with this :D
And what is the power requirement for the diffusion pump could I get away with a pump that pumps 5 l per minute and could i use hydrogen as my fusion fuel
The demo fusor isn't powerful enough to create meaningful amounts of radiation. Not only are the voltages and currents too low, but the quality of the vacuum is orders of magnitude lower than that of valves and x-ray tubes.
That’s not how philo farnsworth Fusor operates. Why do people keep making typical circuits and say it didn’t work? If you learn anything from philo farnsworth work and his multipactor tube you would see it is not wired simply with opposing high voltages. The devices use high voltages of the same polarity with a neutral floating grid.
Great project. Can you tell me what kind of fusion reaction happens? In the system with deuterium it is basically the reaction happening in the sun. So deuterium combines to produce Helium (with maybe the step in between where Tritium is produced). In this process also Neutrons are created. What kind of fusion reaction happens with air? I'm really curious about that
Alex Larex already had seen Neptunium’s work at fusor.net and it is vastly different to what I mentioned. First, he uses deuterium, which at 20kV has a much higher cross section (x1000) that any fusion of oxygen or nitrogen. Secondly, he has a 50kV power supply. Some small events of fusion in a demo fusor could be possible due to quantum tunneling, however, don’t expect to be able to measure these fusions.
@@preciousplasticph Didn't know that but this guy is using 2000v around 1amp. So maby it would work but hole design needs to be different. Just get an old microwave watch out for the capacitor also one mistake and you dead...
If you put Deuterium or Tritium inside this, it would fuse; if you put Deuterium or Tritium inside any neon/fluorescent light or plasma globe, it wouldn't.
It needs higher voltage and amperage plus thicker wire plus super powerful electromagnetic fields plus cooling and don't forget the neutrons that real fission gives off. In the video you are making ozone out of air not fusion.
@@ronaldbrown9638 yea i kinda thought so. Its my understanding fusion is very difficult to pull off. From what i've watched it takes immense electro magnets to condense plasma enough to have fusion occur. Of which i saw none in this video. But i'm no nuclear physicist. Logan reckoned it was only making ozone, but since it was done in a vaccum i dont think thats correct either.
Amazing project! But i have a question, in this case, just pumping out air and firing it, does it emits radiation? And if you put other gases, like hydrogen, will it?
It will produce xrays and UV-light, the nuclear ration (neutrons etc) are negligible. For a plasma to form you need a little bit of gas, but air will not start fusion. For that you would have to add deuterium for example.
The voltage is too low for any dangerous x-ray production. Since this is a demo fusor, no neutron or ionizing radiation is emitted. If this was a fully functional fusor with deuterium fuel, then yes, neutron radiation would be emitted.
I thought for an official fusion reaction it reaches temperatures of around 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). I think I don't understand science. :P And 2 Earths plus negative I thought would cancel out each other. I thought Negative was earth and Positive was the opposite. Its an Ionisation system I think and what some old clock radios and lights used before the days old good LED's. Yeah Science !
1. the plasma likely does reach those high temperatures but since it is so low pressure and so few nuclei are at that temperature then the total energy isn't that high therefore it doesn't heat up much. 2. Your understanding of positive and negative is quite off so id recommend watching a few explanation vids to get a better understanding
A question: How come the plasma gets brighter and seems to have more of it around the electrodes the deeper the vacuum becomes? If the plasma is dependent on the matter and it's state then why as you remove more matter from the space does the plasma become thicker? Case in point: Start with no vacuum and set the voltage to a plasma inducing state then turn on the pump. As the vacuum draws more matter out of the space the plasma will develop and become thicker. WHY? If plasma was the state of matter then the whole space would become plasmatic and reduce as the matter is drawn from that space. That is simply not the case. WHY? Ever heard of cold plasma or dark mode plasma? what is the difference between the two modes of plasma cold or dark and hot or radiant plasma?
Three words. Mean free path. Mean free path is the average distance sonething can travel without bumping into something else. As pressure in a gas or plssma drops the mean free path increases allowing more current to flow. The longer the free path is, the longer time a particle has to accelerate in an electric field before recoiling from a collision. Longer acceleration times means more energy in a collision. You could work with a higher pressure, you'll just need a higher voltage to get faster acceleration over a shorter mean free path in order to achieve the necessary energy in a collision to cause fusion.
@@kreynolds1123 "As pressure in a gas or plasma drops the mean free path increases allowing more current to flow." Current to flow in what? And is there a low limit that plasma effects would drop like light emission or charge conveyance based on the Tor?? Do we have a particle amount per square or the amount of charge carriers to go by? Is there such a thing as nil particle counts in vacuum devices and still a plasma discharge is seen or is this a theoretical hypothesis?
@@jonbigman9723 I think your misunderstanding is in what constitutes a vacuum, and i am not talking vacuum quantum fluctuations. Both demo and starmode fusors still have some gas atoms inside where the electric field rip the electrons off the gas particles so that the positivly charged nucleus rush to the negativly charged center grid with many flying past the grid and slam into others nuclie and ultimately a few may just stick to each other. The light at the center of a star mode fusor is mostly the result of de-accelerated positively charged nuclei slamming into each other. Yes a charge that is accelerated or decelerated creates a changing magnetic field. Together, a changing electric field and magnetic field is called light. In particle accelerators this is would be called cyclotron radiation. A given fusor will perform best at a specific pressure and performance tends to drop above and below that. Fusor.net has more detail on those vacuum pressures. This fusor light is mostly electrons jumping off the grid and emits light as they fall into orbit around oxygen and nitrogen atoms. If there is too much pressure from a gas in the fusor, the mean free path is too short, it limits the current flow and limits how fast the particles can get before slamming into others. Mean free path makes the difference between slamming into each other and just bumping elbows. Of course though, this is just a demo fusor. Its not opperating in star mode. That likely requires a higher voltage and more of a vacuum and requires using hydrogen gas.
@@jonbigman9723 All good questions which show you are thinking clearly about the theory of operation. However, there is one point you have overlooked which simply explains this. Keith Reynolds gave a good technical explanation on this, but here is my simple analogy/explanation. The device works by accelerating ions towards the center. In order to do this, there needs to be a clear path from where the ion is to the centre. If there are too many ions in the way, they simply hit each other, lose momentum and move off course. Think of it like a traffic jam, the more cars there are on a road, the harder it is to speed and accelerate, because you could very easily hit another car. The more air, the less free space there is to move in. That's all there is too it.
@@halfcorp9720 Ok then what about this question. We now know that space is not empty. When matter is removed what is left then? From my understanding of a vacuum it is still full. That fullness is cold or dark mode plasma. A vacuum only relates to the matter in that space. Space has a medium to it and it is a plasma. even though we can not see it it is still there and what allows the electric and magnetic field to propagate through that space. When we excite a vacuum space we are condensing the plasma via the plates in that space. This plasma is connected to all the plasma around it in the environment. When we excite the plasma it draws it into the space and it condenses around the plates into it's component polarities. If there is matter still left in that space the matter gets excited as well and radiates out light, heat etc. Matter is a radiator/transformer only. The plasma is the conductor of space.
hey mate if your interested check out my fusion reactor prototype. keep in mind I used theoretical work done by lpp fusion when I engineered this prototype. it increases the particle interactions allowing way lower vacuum and power requirement's and produces a high energy fusion reaction and is relatively easy to manufacture and is scalable. there are four videos on my channel this was a no deuterium test run of the first half of the test core and 28 mercury's is the vacuum so there's a major boost in performance if I get a better pump, and materials read the descriptions for more info.
So building a DIY nuclear reactor out pf parts from the local hardware store in a residential area is a smart thing to do?? I'm sure the neighbors enjoy being dosed with Xrays and god knows what else..
With ordinary hydrogen shines just as well. This is an ordinary gas discharge lamp. Light is emitted when recombination of positive ions with electrons. A positively charged electrode separates the electron from the nucleus and a positively charged ion is formed - the nucleus of hydrogen. The positively charged hydrogen nucleus is accelerated by the electric field and flies towards the negatively charged grid. Electrons are produced on the grid, which recombine with hydrogen nuclei and emit light. If deuterium is used, then perhaps a small part of the hydrogen nuclei, accelerated by an electric field, collides in the center and forms helium-4. That is, nuclear fusion is purely kinetic. And it depends on the probability of getting into the effective cross section of the nucleus. To really start a thermonuclear reaction, you must first create a highly ionized deuterium plasma. Then, it is necessary to place this positively charged plasma in a very strongly positively charged sphere. So much charged that the repulsive force from the walls of the sphere was more repulsive forces in an array of nuclei. In this case, the nuclei will be concentrated and squeezed in the center of the sphere.
Martijn V wow you make videos about 3D printing and your fish. Also that’s a fucking fusion reactor. I would like to see you explain how thermite works
Ok, base on comment and above video, that you can't vacuum all air and you say it is impossible? Why is that? Or you can vacuum all air, but part of air that is electrons is being vacuumed, so leftover is stronger particles that are nucleons. So, it interacts as there is nothing except each other, but of course, I can be wrong since nucleons is stronger that means the vacuum is not high or you say impossible that it pulls the nucleons, the stronger particles than electrons. So, perhaps you can't vacuum because it is not full as whole vacuum because of the rate of motion, per degree in Geometric shape that is the location of vacuum is on one side and below the side where the bottom is that is the air that travel to exit hole, which the diameter of the vacuum is smaller than bottom round part where you sealed it up, so the rate of degree motion. To make it clear to understand what I am typing that is the diameter is 180 degree, so above is a line of parallel 180 that is vertical to horizontal, so the wider part to narrow part is a divide which it is a fraction so you divide the remaining diameter into two sides of center diameter where the exit is, so for parallel diameter to side diameter to equal as 2 or more, so it needs more power as to travel to direction from far side to center side since the degree motion is in addition to horizontal motion, so can't suck all because it sucks with it. But if it is long horizontal that is a smaller size diameter that match bottom size, so it does not suck but takes a long time to suck it. So, ya can't suck all because it is a limit diameter of sucking to non-sucking diameter on the side, or no matter if it is parallel on the bottom, you can't take all air? I am sure ya can or it would be the particles itself exceed the vacuum power as the vacuum space in comparison to the diameter of particles, so the ratio vacuum is higher in power in holding the particles so the vacuum is not strong enough. Or it is about the energy of the atom itself that causes the motion in the higher level, the more the vacuum power increase so atom has freer of non-interact of other atoms so the energy of solo atom is higher so take more energy to remove it. But I doubt it. Another thing so the plasma comes from volt or the volt is necessary to start the process and which it interacts atom of air which there is no atom to atom, but directly atom to the metal itself, so it means high mean free path or clear path. So, it is about directly impacted, not indirectly impact which another atom that is secondary was getting bummed from the first atom, which the secondary impact to metal will not cause light? With high mean free path, there is only two interact from air itself to metal, so it is same as solid itself as there is no interact of solid, so the higher speed so it is about higher speed so the air in a balloon to above to ground, the balloon expands as the air inside travel fast as the mean free path is high base on the outside so the weaker pressure is expanding as there is no additional pressure from outside so you remove the outside, so the inside get stronger so it creates higher impact. So, it is about the impact that causes light. So, the volt is for what?? You have pressure which is negative pressure so you remove the air, so the speed of motion will cause the speed of the range of the gap of space is being filled at one time. What is volt for? LIke you vacuum the air that is fast so the steel drum will collapse because the diameter of a gap of space per ms is being vacuumed so it needs to fill up in milliseconds. So, when you have higher pressure to suck up, the energy forward to impact needs to be high so it impacts the center to create light. So. It is about balance of everything to make work. You can create two vacuum for external side and for the internal side, so using the right math so the speed of sucking outward to speed of sucking inward so the inward impact causes bigger light. That would be a good experiment to understand the balance to result of power.
Good job! But what you do is quite dangerous, you get bombed by x-rays every time you switch the Fusor on. And the amount is indeed not low without any shielding.
Good news everyone!
what
@@im_so_bored_rn what he said
I can't believe I just learned of the existence of these things today. I'm learning a lot and your video is the best one I've seen so far. Thank you for taking the time to explain it!
Excellent project well executed & simply explained & well built. i plan to take a shot at one of these myself for a display piece soon hence finding your video production. those 5 years where certainly worth it. This is one of the best home builds ive seen so far. Ide like to have a pop a a deuterium set up one day, but the the level of construction needed is nothing short of industrial to achieve that. I will start simple, i already have a lifetime of HV experience, so there is a good grounding (pun intended)
Its good to see people still doing things like this in the UK, excellent lab build to.
It’s such a nice glow the body of the spiral is glowing too
This is definition of beauty. Very nice project.
The overall clean and compact design is impressive!
if you want a cheap vacuum booster, get a pipe that is 30 feet long with caps on both ends. Then put a ball valve on one side (bottom) and connect a vacuum line to the other end (top). connect the vacuum line from the pipe into a Tee in your current vacuum system. Fill the whole pipe with water and then stand it up and put a bucket around the valve so when the bucket is full the valve will be submerged. pump as much vacuum as you can with the pump and then open the valve on the bottom of the pipe to start draining the water out, the 30 ft of water will pull an almost perfect vacuum.
Wow, that's a clever idea. I will have to give it a try some time!
Wow that's ingenious, and I can't think of a thing go single reason why this wouldn't work other than getting leaks where you connect a vacuum line to the top of the pipe.
Won't the water just boil without pulling a vacuum?
Hi, just a suggestion, why didn't you use a capacitor to filter the output of the HV transformer, without one the, the supply voltage to the anode in the vacuum chamber will be pulsating to the frequency (half) of the mains supply, you can salvage one from a microwave and it would stabilise the dc current to the anode. Great project!
FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER ! Does it even generate a single neutron?
Great content. I'm nowhere near an engineer or a scientist but I'm actually really enjoying it. Well done. Instant subscribe.
Hi, great fusor, I was wondering, since its not able to fuse deuterium because of the neutrons and the radioactivity, could you try helion-3 instead?
Tendría que poner dentro de una cámara neblina para ver las partículas radiactivas
Congrats. You made a Florescent lightbulb the hard way.
Someone sounds just a little bit envious.
@@JohnVKaravitis does it produce x-rays? No. I haven't seen the video yet and judging by the colour of that plasma, the gas he is using is hydrogen not deuterium. If it really is a fusor reactor, you wouldn't be in the same room as the project because a real fusor does produce a lot of x-rays.
@@Kal-0000 it's not a hydrogen, it's the air
@@jskratnyarlathotep8411 please read my comment again.
As I've said in the video and in the title, its a demo fusor. It demonstrates the theory of operation, its not meant to be a working fusion reactor.
Great video mate. Best and most simple fusor I have seen so far. Very supprised that your channel hasn't got many many times more subs. Keep on going on!
according to other fusor videos there should be glow at the central point of the spherical grid, where the fusion is happening. Maybe it needs to be more symmetrical?
That and let's add a couple billion degrees and 3 or 4 million atmospheres of pressure, that should get it. He's almost there just 9 or 10 trillion dollars of funding
What you are describing is known as star mode, my is operating in halo mode, where the grid itself glows. Star mode is achieved using a more powerful vacuum system which I do not own. However, I actually prefer halo mode, I think it looks cooler.
@@halfcorp9720 Another benefit of halo mode seems to be that you don't need a bunch of shielding! :D
My grandfather worked for farsworth lab. I am trying to find out more information on his work at his labs. He later worked for itt labs.
Cool reactor! Did you say what was being fused in it?
1. For your safety, verify the absence of gamma rays with a Geiger Counter.
2. A Utah state grad student built the fusor based on Farnsworth's patent document. He used a stack of CDs in front of his Geiger counter tube to be able to detect neutrons. It worked.
3. To get the electrical connection into the chamber through the plastic, next time consider using a ceramic feed-through capacitor. The capacitance value is irrelevant since you will be mounting the feed-through capacitor flange into the chamber plastic base or wall. Screw the steel post into a block of plastic inside the chamber which is then glued to the chamber base inside.
4. If you can disconnect the transformer secondary high voltage from the ground or transformer case, then you can use a full-wave rectifier bridge to produce full-wave DC output (2KV.)
Hi! I am a IB student from the Netherlands. I myself am building a Fusor for a school project and my question is if you would be willing to be interviewed for my Personal Project. Possibly give me some tips on the electrical engineering etc, I hope to hear back from you! Thank you in advance and kind regards, Jayden Beesemer IB MYP 5
Have you made any more progress on this project?
Very nice project and well documented! Just a question on your vacuum chamber: is that standard glass or is it some kind of plastic like plexiglass (PMMA) or something similar?
Will it fuse Hydrogen-1in air to helium-2 which decays to deuterium+ some particles and radiation, is this correct to assume?
But would you make experiments with Solar panels around it? And how far away should it be placed?
If you lose your voltage every half wave it seems that the ions will scatter and won't build up over time the way they would if there was a constant DC voltage.
I need to know about how to make a desktop synchrotron (proton accelerator). Is for satellite project.
Underrated channel
Doesnt this ball shoot out pretty strong radioactive waves? Or is this obly if you fill the chamber with deutrium
when you convert the current into DC using the diodes where do you wire the positive end to complete the circuit on the electrode?
There is no positive end. Since only 1 diode is used, the rectifier is only half wave negative, meaning you have AC going in and only negative DC coming out. The circuit is completed as the outer electrode and the other AC terminal on the transformer (the case) are connected to ground
@@halfcorp9720 Thanks but what do you mean by outer electrode?
@@lilyh4467 The outer electrode is the outer grid, you can see it in the circuit diagram at 5:46
Halfcorp So the outer grid isn’t connected to any power source, just ground?
@@lilyh4467 Just ground, the only power source is the transformer that generates the negative potential at the inner electrode. Remember that in order for the fusor to function, a negative potential must exist between the inner and outer grids, this setup achieves this.
Nice project!
How can you be sure that you are actually getting a fusion reaction? Do you have a gas analyzer? Or a Geiger counter at least?
There is no fusion the voltage is only 2k. But great effort.
If you just put it under vacuum and don’t backfill it with deuterium you shouldn’t have any problems with radiation
Great job explaining everything❤🎉
is it possible to get the high voltage from lightning and convert the energy to electricity and save it in a battery ?
Yes you can get voltage without high current even 40000v. But not as that electricity without current
What is the wavelength in nm that is being emitted please
What do you want to know?
Hi, just wanted to congratulate you on the project completion. I've done a similar one using a few different pumps. One note thou, there seems to be some restriction in the vacuum line, like a check valve or something. You can hear the pump stop gurgling way too fast and that is not how it should sound with such a chamber. I think you could get a much improved vacuum if the lines from the pump was free from restrictions and not too small dimensions. Hope you get to run that often and inspire others to get involved in the field, greetings from Sweden (:
where did you get your deuterium?
@@polyblank73 I did not use D2 or T
What is the center of the Fusor made of? Is it a metal wire? Or is it Tungsten wire.
hope you've managed to get a diffusion pump
2kVac rectifies is probably at a low end of reactivity for deuterium-deuterium. Too bad there was no neutron counter to verify if there is any fusion or if that is just plasma.
yeah i think he just made a plasma ball that you could buy at a novelty store lol, still cool though i'll give him that.
@@the_socompspThat is possible, however it could be just enough to make some fusion, at low probability though.
hoggif the one I’m making is at 15k at still will be barely enough to detect
Wait no -+15 meaning total of 30
Where do you buy deuterium?
i love the wooden box its attached to, building one soon hopefully
i don't understand why you're not shielding yourself from the reaction, aren't there neutrons and xrays being emitted?
Doesnt atomic fusion give off gamma radiation?
Yes but like he said it's not a lot of fusion happening.
man dont believe this non sense, this light is only plasma and this project is actually producing xrays from the electrons discharge in vacuum.
If your located in or around Las Vegas, let me know. High vacuum is a hobby of mine and I own a turbo pump as well as an edwards rv8
I don't, but good thanks for the offer.
Hai i ask for u whether u using Hidrogen gas in vakum Chamber??
Thanks for very educational video ! excellent keep up the fine work !so much better than conventional "institutional monopolies" !📚📊📈👍📗
That’s just a lil weird plasma but then again it’s a small demo as said in the video
The side of the vacuum pump says it is able to reach a 0.01 Pa vacuum. That would be enough for a fusor (I think), so the 0.01 Pa pledge is not true :( Did you measured what is the best vacuum it can achieve?
Cheap "harbor freight" grade pumps...
Could the chamber walls be the ground if made from metal instead of a glass chamber with the grid inside?
Yes, proper fusors have to be made from metal anyway because of radiation
I am going to make very soon is there anything I should really know? I have electrical knowledge and a little bit about chemistry and gases
What are your thoughts on the Safire Project? They claim that injecting a catalyst provided at least a 20-fold amplification.
Could that ultimately produce more energy than it consumes if sufficiently scaled up?
Just conspiracist woo
curious what you'd see if you were looking at it in the xray and infra red spectrum
xray nothing at all infrared only the heatup of the spiral due to plasma
Nice job and nice expression ❤️🙏
Am I the only one that first thought it said "Demonic Fusion Reactor"?
Two quick questions if I could: 1) Although this is a demo fusor as you say, does it produce anything that can be detected on a geiger counter? 2) If you run two microwave transformers in series, shouldn't that multiply your voltage again for more effect?
Thanks! :)
1. No, it is a demo fusor so no actual fusion should occur, any type of radiation detector used near this will register nothing above background. My point in the video was that it is very unlikely, but not impossible that a few atoms could be fusing due to the random distribution of energies inside the chamber. (Although this was more of a tongue in cheek way of validating its name of a fusion reactor). 2. If you connect two MOT's such that their primaries were in parallel and their secondaries were in series, yes you would have a voltage output of about 4000 VAC. This was the setup I used for my project Exodus Tesla Coil (One short video of which can be found on my channel). However, this configuration would draw more current. My limiting factor was not the number of MOT's but actually the Variac itself (at about 3 amps). So this fusor doesn't actually leverage the full power the MOT can provide. I chose 3 amps because I tested the fusor initially with a 15 amp variac and found negligible performance increase past that point. (Arcing began and the vacuum quality then became the limiting factor). Finally, the chamber and MOT get very hot if pushed for more then about 5 minuets at full power, making a cooling system necessary if I wanted a more powerful effect.
@@halfcorp9720 Thanks for that, very good explanation and quick response! :). I wrongly assumed that the voltage would go up but the current draw would remain the same, interesting that the results don't seem to vary much with increased power, so that makes it fairly simple to build then!
I've just successfully made a mini cloud chamber with peltiers and looking to this as my next project. Making one with Deuterium would be cool... but I think I'll start with this :D
What is the material on the center??
And what is the power requirement for the diffusion pump could I get away with a pump that pumps 5 l per minute and could i use hydrogen as my fusion fuel
Good new everyone!
great stuff what you did there.
Much respect bro, and thanks for the knowledge. So cool.
How do all of those neutrons and x-rays feel on your face bud?
The demo fusor isn't powerful enough to create meaningful amounts of radiation. Not only are the voltages and currents too low, but the quality of the vacuum is orders of magnitude lower than that of valves and x-ray tubes.
That’s not how philo farnsworth Fusor operates. Why do people keep making typical circuits and say it didn’t work?
If you learn anything from philo farnsworth work and his multipactor tube you would see it is not wired simply with opposing high voltages.
The devices use high voltages of the same polarity with a neutral floating grid.
What's the fusion energy gain factor?
Guess *0.0000000000000001
Great project. Can you tell me what kind of fusion reaction happens? In the system with deuterium it is basically the reaction happening in the sun. So deuterium combines to produce Helium (with maybe the step in between where Tritium is produced). In this process also Neutrons are created. What kind of fusion reaction happens with air? I'm really curious about that
Dani Master at 2kV and that pressure none. Fusing oxygen or nitrogen would require such a high voltage I am not even sure it’s doable.
Nitrogen plasma
@@pllagunos Pretty much doable actually (a lot harder though) check out a video from Neptunium called "Fusor and Nuclear Fusion part 2"
Alex Larex already had seen Neptunium’s work at fusor.net and it is vastly different to what I mentioned. First, he uses deuterium, which at 20kV has a much higher cross section (x1000) that any fusion of oxygen or nitrogen. Secondly, he has a 50kV power supply. Some small events of fusion in a demo fusor could be possible due to quantum tunneling, however, don’t expect to be able to measure these fusions.
@@pllagunos I read your comment a little too fast and din't notice you were talking about air fusion and not fusion on this scale in general.
I have a much simpler method of sealing the vacuum chamber. is there a way we can chat?
You can PM me if you want
Doesn't that emit neutrons when operating?
That is something i am curious about myself... Fusion emits lots of neutrons...
what if you used a vandegraf generator for the voltage?
Doesnt work to low of a current
@@jessetermeer2187 they were originally invented for use in nuclear accelerators... So why not?
@@preciousplasticph Didn't know that but this guy is using 2000v around 1amp. So maby it would work but hole design needs to be different. Just get an old microwave watch out for the capacitor also one mistake and you dead...
How did you get your H-2. Ie deuterium
Nvm Haha I got to the half way point
Via D20 (heavy water) you can buy this online. Just put that D20 in a electrolysis chamber and there you have deuterium gas.
Is it truely a fusion reactor though? Just appears to be a plasma generator. Robert Pirlot said its an expensive light bulb
If you put Deuterium or Tritium inside this, it would fuse; if you put Deuterium or Tritium inside any neon/fluorescent light or plasma globe, it wouldn't.
@@halfcorp9720 Thanks for replying so fast clearing that up
It needs higher voltage and amperage plus thicker wire plus super powerful electromagnetic fields plus cooling and don't forget the neutrons that real fission gives off. In the video you are making ozone out of air not fusion.
@@IRowspan this would most certainly NOT produce fusion. It's nothing more than a plasma discharge lamp.
@@ronaldbrown9638 yea i kinda thought so. Its my understanding fusion is very difficult to pull off. From what i've watched it takes immense electro magnets to condense plasma enough to have fusion occur. Of which i saw none in this video. But i'm no nuclear physicist. Logan reckoned it was only making ozone, but since it was done in a vaccum i dont think thats correct either.
Amazing project! But i have a question, in this case, just pumping out air and firing it, does it emits radiation?
And if you put other gases, like hydrogen, will it?
It will produce xrays and UV-light, the nuclear ration (neutrons etc) are negligible. For a plasma to form you need a little bit of gas, but air will not start fusion. For that you would have to add deuterium for example.
The voltage is too low for any dangerous x-ray production. Since this is a demo fusor, no neutron or ionizing radiation is emitted. If this was a fully functional fusor with deuterium fuel, then yes, neutron radiation would be emitted.
Would normal hydrogen gas work for fusion
Yes in hydrogen may be fourth of hydrogen could be deterium so it is probable to get fusion
Nice WoodenToaster toaster.
Thanks, gotta pay tribute to one of my favorite musicians!
I thought for an official fusion reaction it reaches temperatures of around 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius).
I think I don't understand science. :P
And 2 Earths plus negative I thought would cancel out each other.
I thought Negative was earth and Positive was the opposite.
Its an Ionisation system I think and what some old clock radios and lights used before the days old good LED's.
Yeah Science !
This is not a fusor this high voltage in a vacuum
1. the plasma likely does reach those high temperatures but since it is so low pressure and so few nuclei are at that temperature then the total energy isn't that high therefore it doesn't heat up much.
2. Your understanding of positive and negative is quite off so id recommend watching a few explanation vids to get a better understanding
A question:
How come the plasma gets brighter and seems to have more of it around the electrodes the deeper the vacuum becomes? If the plasma is dependent on the matter and it's state then why as you remove more matter from the space does the plasma become thicker?
Case in point:
Start with no vacuum and set the voltage to a plasma inducing state then turn on the pump. As the vacuum draws more matter out of the space the plasma will develop and become thicker. WHY?
If plasma was the state of matter then the whole space would become plasmatic and reduce as the matter is drawn from that space. That is simply not the case. WHY?
Ever heard of cold plasma or dark mode plasma? what is the difference between the two modes of plasma cold or dark and hot or radiant plasma?
Three words. Mean free path. Mean free path is the average distance sonething can travel without bumping into something else. As pressure in a gas or plssma drops the mean free path increases allowing more current to flow. The longer the free path is, the longer time a particle has to accelerate in an electric field before recoiling from a collision. Longer acceleration times means more energy in a collision. You could work with a higher pressure, you'll just need a higher voltage to get faster acceleration over a shorter mean free path in order to achieve the necessary energy in a collision to cause fusion.
@@kreynolds1123
"As pressure in a gas or plasma drops the mean free path increases allowing more current to flow."
Current to flow in what?
And is there a low limit that plasma effects would drop like light emission or charge conveyance based on the Tor??
Do we have a particle amount per square or the amount of charge carriers to go by? Is there such a thing as nil particle counts in vacuum devices and still a plasma discharge is seen or is this a theoretical hypothesis?
@@jonbigman9723 I think your misunderstanding is in what constitutes a vacuum, and i am not talking vacuum quantum fluctuations. Both demo and starmode fusors still have some gas atoms inside where the electric field rip the electrons off the gas particles so that the positivly charged nucleus rush to the negativly charged center grid with many flying past the grid and slam into others nuclie and ultimately a few may just stick to each other. The light at the center of a star mode fusor is mostly the result of de-accelerated positively charged nuclei slamming into each other. Yes a charge that is accelerated or decelerated creates a changing magnetic field. Together, a changing electric field and magnetic field is called light. In particle accelerators this is would be called cyclotron radiation. A given fusor will perform best at a specific pressure and performance tends to drop above and below that. Fusor.net has more detail on those vacuum pressures. This fusor light is mostly electrons jumping off the grid and emits light as they fall into orbit around oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
If there is too much pressure from a gas in the fusor, the mean free path is too short, it limits the current flow and limits how fast the particles can get before slamming into others. Mean free path makes the difference between slamming into each other and just bumping elbows.
Of course though, this is just a demo fusor. Its not opperating in star mode. That likely requires a higher voltage and more of a vacuum and requires using hydrogen gas.
@@jonbigman9723 All good questions which show you are thinking clearly about the theory of operation. However, there is one point you have overlooked which simply explains this. Keith Reynolds gave a good technical explanation on this, but here is my simple analogy/explanation. The device works by accelerating ions towards the center. In order to do this, there needs to be a clear path from where the ion is to the centre. If there are too many ions in the way, they simply hit each other, lose momentum and move off course. Think of it like a traffic jam, the more cars there are on a road, the harder it is to speed and accelerate, because you could very easily hit another car. The more air, the less free space there is to move in. That's all there is too it.
@@halfcorp9720
Ok then what about this question. We now know that space is not empty. When matter is removed what is left then?
From my understanding of a vacuum it is still full. That fullness is cold or dark mode plasma. A vacuum only relates to the matter in that space. Space has a medium to it and it is a plasma. even though we can not see it it is still there and what allows the electric and magnetic field to propagate through that space.
When we excite a vacuum space we are condensing the plasma via the plates in that space. This plasma is connected to all the plasma around it in the environment. When we excite the plasma it draws it into the space and it condenses around the plates into it's component polarities. If there is matter still left in that space the matter gets excited as well and radiates out light, heat etc.
Matter is a radiator/transformer only. The plasma is the conductor of space.
Does it produce neutrons?
No it doesn’t that’s not fusion goddamnit
Wow awesome video man
Subscribed
Make a Dyson Sphere around it !!
Ur stupid
It only makes heat. Water pipes inside the main chamber can be made into water vapor, that can drive a generator.
I'm currently working on a mini nuclear fusor for my physics lab of my school. Anyone who intends to create one want to collaborate with me? ☢️☢️
Nice work
Me and the boys making the sun
hey mate if your interested check out my fusion reactor prototype. keep in mind I used theoretical work done by lpp fusion when I engineered this prototype.
it increases the particle interactions allowing way lower vacuum and power requirement's and produces a high energy fusion reaction and is relatively easy to manufacture and is scalable.
there are four videos on my channel
this was a no deuterium test run of the first half of the test core and 28 mercury's is the vacuum
so there's a major boost in performance if I get a better pump, and materials
read the descriptions for more info.
Excellent video. Approximately how much did this particular system cost in its entirety?
Good news everyone: you can buy tritium on amazon in tubes
So I don't need to meet lybians in a mall parking lot anymore?
@@Alexagrigorieff Nope now if only they could do the same for Plutonium 238.
Is that a uni-ball signo pen? That is the ONLY pen I'm able to write with :D Big thumbs up :D
Good news everybody
3:43 to skip the preamble bs
So building a DIY nuclear reactor out pf parts from the local hardware store in a residential area is a smart thing to do?? I'm sure the neighbors enjoy being dosed with Xrays and god knows what else..
X ray can't travel that far...
This isn't powerful enough to produce xrays not even close need about 20,000 more volts.
This is my dad's invention. If anyone has any interesting questions, I can ask him....
Philo T Farnsworth died in 1971 how ur gonna ask him??
Wouldn’t the radiation go thru
Next build an Ainsworth Holy Grail Fusor
With ordinary hydrogen shines just as well. This is an ordinary gas discharge lamp. Light is emitted when recombination of positive ions with electrons. A positively charged electrode separates the electron from the nucleus and a positively charged ion is formed - the nucleus of hydrogen. The positively charged hydrogen nucleus is accelerated by the electric field and flies towards the negatively charged grid. Electrons are produced on the grid, which recombine with hydrogen nuclei and emit light. If deuterium is used, then perhaps a small part of the hydrogen nuclei, accelerated by an electric field, collides in the center and forms helium-4. That is, nuclear fusion is purely kinetic. And it depends on the probability of getting into the effective cross section of the nucleus. To really start a thermonuclear reaction, you must first create a highly ionized deuterium plasma. Then, it is necessary to place this positively charged plasma in a very strongly positively charged sphere. So much charged that the repulsive force from the walls of the sphere was more repulsive forces in an array of nuclei. In this case, the nuclei will be concentrated and squeezed in the center of the sphere.
try boil some water with that. its actually just a ordinary neon lamp. they just call it fusion this or that.
@Adarsh kumar this device isn't fusing shit lol it's a neon lamp nothing more.
Fusor (that isn't really) = Fluorescent bulb.
Yeah
yeah i think you just made a plasma ball that you could buy at a novelty store lol, still cool though i'll give ya that.
wow you made a plasma globe big deal
Martijn V wow you make videos about 3D printing and your fish. Also that’s a fucking fusion reactor. I would like to see you explain how thermite works
Ok, base on comment and above video, that you can't vacuum all air and you say it is impossible? Why is that? Or you can vacuum all air, but part of air that is electrons is being vacuumed, so leftover is stronger particles that are nucleons. So, it interacts as there is nothing except each other, but of course, I can be wrong since nucleons is stronger that means the vacuum is not high or you say impossible that it pulls the nucleons, the stronger particles than electrons. So, perhaps you can't vacuum because it is not full as whole vacuum because of the rate of motion, per degree in Geometric shape that is the location of vacuum is on one side and below the side where the bottom is that is the air that travel to exit hole, which the diameter of the vacuum is smaller than bottom round part where you sealed it up, so the rate of degree motion. To make it clear to understand what I am typing that is the diameter is 180 degree, so above is a line of parallel 180 that is vertical to horizontal, so the wider part to narrow part is a divide which it is a fraction so you divide the remaining diameter into two sides of center diameter where the exit is, so for parallel diameter to side diameter to equal as 2 or more, so it needs more power as to travel to direction from far side to center side since the degree motion is in addition to horizontal motion, so can't suck all because it sucks with it. But if it is long horizontal that is a smaller size diameter that match bottom size, so it does not suck but takes a long time to suck it. So, ya can't suck all because it is a limit diameter of sucking to non-sucking diameter on the side, or no matter if it is parallel on the bottom, you can't take all air? I am sure ya can or it would be the particles itself exceed the vacuum power as the vacuum space in comparison to the diameter of particles, so the ratio vacuum is higher in power in holding the particles so the vacuum is not strong enough. Or it is about the energy of the atom itself that causes the motion in the higher level, the more the vacuum power increase so atom has freer of non-interact of other atoms so the energy of solo atom is higher so take more energy to remove it. But I doubt it.
Another thing so the plasma comes from volt or the volt is necessary to start the process and which it interacts atom of air which there is no atom to atom, but directly atom to the metal itself, so it means high mean free path or clear path. So, it is about directly impacted, not indirectly impact which another atom that is secondary was getting bummed from the first atom, which the secondary impact to metal will not cause light? With high mean free path, there is only two interact from air itself to metal, so it is same as solid itself as there is no interact of solid, so the higher speed so it is about higher speed so the air in a balloon to above to ground, the balloon expands as the air inside travel fast as the mean free path is high base on the outside so the weaker pressure is expanding as there is no additional pressure from outside so you remove the outside, so the inside get stronger so it creates higher impact. So, it is about the impact that causes light. So, the volt is for what?? You have pressure which is negative pressure so you remove the air, so the speed of motion will cause the speed of the range of the gap of space is being filled at one time. What is volt for?
LIke you vacuum the air that is fast so the steel drum will collapse because the diameter of a gap of space per ms is being vacuumed so it needs to fill up in milliseconds. So, when you have higher pressure to suck up, the energy forward to impact needs to be high so it impacts the center to create light. So. It is about balance of everything to make work.
You can create two vacuum for external side and for the internal side, so using the right math so the speed of sucking outward to speed of sucking inward so the inward impact causes bigger light. That would be a good experiment to understand the balance to result of power.
Use safety glasses next time
Now pruve that the video is not fake
Mfw ı see my electric bill after this
This is a plasma...... try to add some hydrogen to it. Then you will get F.Reactor
Feels like the intro also took 5 yrs.
goggles man
Good job! But what you do is quite dangerous, you get bombed by x-rays every time you switch the Fusor on. And the amount is indeed not low without any shielding.
Noguchi of early 1940s Hamgyong did muon catalyzed better,