The Abandonment and Re Settlement of the Southeast
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- Опубліковано 15 жов 2024
- After several thousand years living in the southeastern part of the continent, warming climate caused ancient Americans to abandon large parts of the southeast and lowland river valleys in favor of colder environments in the north and the Appalachian mountains. These regions were re-settled much latter by a new people who most likely migrated from the Pacific Northwest.
Instagram: / nfosaaen_archaeology
Further Reading
Kenneth Sassaman 2010 The Eastern Archaic, Historicized. AltaMira Press, New York.
Cheryl Claassen 2010 Feasting with Shellfish in the Southern Ohio Valley: Archaic Sacred Sites and Rituals. The University of Tennessee Press.
Tanya M. Peres, Aaron Deter-Wolf, Joey Keasler, Shannon Chappell Hodge 2016 Faunal remains from an Archaic Period cave in the Southeastern
United States, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
as a kid in the '50s growing up in the finger peninsulas of Downeast Maine I played on huge hills of clam shells - evidently, they were mounds.
Thank you sir, this is very fascinating to me. Every time I pick up an artifact while surface hunting I am in awe.
Been waiting for a channel like this.. thanks, man.
I’m a late blooming “hunter” I guess you could say, although saying I hunt is a fair bit of exaggeration. I used to walk the field into the valley and woods that butts up to a cozy lil bluff and mostly dry creek bed {during most of the year}near the tn/al line, but since this winter has abruptly smashed in, all I do is walk straight to the dry creek with empty buckets in hand and when you mentioned the part about the leaf-like tools, I had to laugh remembering my frustration since, while I’m grateful for the ludicrously stacked deck that pretty much demanded I visit consistently for the last several years, I must take an easy 100 double takes because they are dead on leafs and out of that semi poor quality chert for the most part so rub a fine layer to decent few/several millennia of dirt on ‘em and there’s almost 0 difference between an egg sized tool face and EVERY SINGLE leaf in the forest lol.
Your videos have been, in total, the greatest source of the specific information I’ve sought. And the specifics on stone tool making have been invaluable. Thank you so much! I really do want to buy you a drink or eat of your choosing and then of course shake the tree of your knowledge a little more.
for decades in British Columbia shell beds were thought to be naturally occurring due to tide and estuary movement. apparently no on e thought to ask a few of the elders what they were !!! (the beds were also inherited) i.e. with salmon and oolican (the first heavy oil smelt of later winter) it meant the shell beds were productive sources most of the year.
This is so interesting. I love it!
Thanks!
@@NathanaelFosaaen you're welcome 😊
Interesting
What is the time period of abandonment? There is a similar pattern in the SW, Cowboy Cave in Utah for example has signs of archaic human activity going back to 9,600 y.a., but there's a 3k year gap with nothing at all before it shows up again around 3,500 years ago. I've wondered if that represents an abandonment of the region, or instead an actual human extinction horizon? 3k years seems like a long time for migratory people to avoid whole regions? This is an interesting theory that they migrated north for several thousand years to follow big game. I think they all got killed by lions tigers and short-faced bears. Protein analysis of early archaic points is indicating the hunting of extinct horse, bison, and camel, while late archaic points were used to hunt deer and rabbits and the occasional bear. It doesn't make sense to me to go north chasing mammoths or whatever if there's still plenty of rabbits and grouse around to eat. Imagine an extinct North American lion that isn't timid around humans like the puma, but aggressive like the African lions. Could the late archaic artifacts be left by entirely different people repopulating North America after the sabre-tooth tigers and short-faced bears went extinct?
Mind blown! Looking forward to more evidence for or against.
Interesting to find out: Have they done any gene analysis of the Early Archaic burials? There still is the theory that the Early Archaic peoples MAY have followed the ice packs in the North Atlantic. They were thought to be, initially, peoples of the Southern France/Northern Spain region. It is also theorized that they were the ones that brought the Clovis technique of finishing points to North America.
We have, and the evidence doesn't support that model.
What about the Cahokia mound in illinois ?
lol the different between the chert head and the quartz head is literally the RTX ON/RTX OFF meme
Im curious what the shell mound builders were meant to eat if the arrived in that area from the north west. I presume shellfish was their main food which suggests they lived close to a good source, so it makes more sense to think they turned up from a nearby coast line. Which suggests from the south or east. Had anybody tried to figure out where the shell originated?
North America has the highest diversity of freshwater mussels in the world. They're coming from the rivers.
But also it wasn't necessarilly their main source of food. They were hunter-gatherers so their diet was pretty diverse and included game animals like deer and turkey, as well as various plant foods.
I have a question. As a Knapper and primitive hunter I lean toward the assumption that the reason that damn quartzite was so popular came down to durability. A biface with a contracting stem is not just easier to crank out than just about any other (more suited to secure hafting) basal design option but much more resistant to those common bending fracture type snaps that occur just before the fulcrum of the haft. Perhaps suggesting they didn't use replaceable friction-fit foreshafts or that they didn't as often as other cultures.? Would you agree?
Maybe they just placed a high value on masochism idk.
The quartzite and quartz points occur most frequently in areas where there aren't any local alternatives. So it looks more like Morrow Mountain folks were more willing to just make do rather than rely on exchange networks or mobility for toolstone. but you are right, there are some possible silver linings to using such stubborn material.
@@NathanaelFosaaen Albeit one that's hard to appreciate as you need to miss a shot and recover your dart/arrow. Chances are you aren't finished pouting yet so
Any chance of "back-tracking" to see where there are areas where quartz is the dominant material available, thereby pre-disposing that culture to its use?
Quartz is basically everywhere.
I live in the piedmont of Georgia, west of Atlanta. My backyard is what seems to be a quartz quarrying site. I've tried researching what it correlates to period-wise and the closest explanation I've found is a very dated archaelogical presentation from the late 1950's or early 1960's in which is a general description of what is termed the 'Old Quartz Industry".
These are sites where it appears the primary tool stone is the local quartz which is abundant and also the only readily available silica-rich tool stone in the piedmont.
Nathanael, I'm wondering, do you know anything of this OQI and if so, of any more current research into this topic?
What do you think of the notion that the Choctaw had oral history of Mammoths in the area? Or were you just talking about the Appalachian area?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw#Paleo-Indian_period
It's entirely possible. Remember that any sort of hard division between ancestry I and ancestry II would only last a few generations before cultural convergence would start to happen, so oral histories from Ancestry I could have made it into the deep south, or just as likely stories about earthshaking creatures could have been brought there by Ancestry II groups and then applied to the local region.
@@NathanaelFosaaen Something that also may interest you are the Choctaw beliefs surrounding Nanih Waiya
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanih_Waiya#Choctaw_beliefs
@@ianryan5225 yeah I've read a little bit about that site. Never worked in Mississippi so I'm not extremely familiar, but it's an interesting site from the little I've read.
I saw the guitars, can you shred?
"Jeff Henneman" dopple ganger
Any link with the Calusa Indians to archaic Indians. They were huntee and gatherers used adtle adtles and fought fiercely against the Spanish
I mean, there's like 5000 years of separation between those time periods.
Er, um, can't recall, but I seem to remember they used heat on quartz and other stones. Chert is hardened by heating it. Quartz would have a small coal placed on it, then a drop of water on the hot spot. As I recall! It's been more than 5 decades since we did this.
Heat treatment makes material easier to flake, but even heated quartz sucks compared to good cherts.
the Navajo say they came from the east
Thank You for deleting my comment. Just like that, no reply, no reason.