Pedigrees Not Punnett Squares: Making Genetically Realistic Family Trees Easy 4 Non-Scientists [CC]
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- Опубліковано 25 лип 2024
- I'm surprised that more Intro Genetics videos don't talk about pedigrees! Including mine, lol... We're modifying & using them very differently here than how scientists do, but that's okay. It's time to Frankenstein our way to making genetically-realistic fictional characters!
Also: I completely forgot to put them in this video, but MessyBeast has examples of REAL pedigrees that utilize little doodles of different traits instead of squares/circles. I highly recommend checking them out for inspiration :3
Genetics introduction video (applies to non-cats too ignore the title): • Cat Genetics for Write...
Terminology document: docs.google.com/document/d/1M...
"Calculate Tortie genetics/offspring W/OUT punnett squares" video: • Calculate Tortie genet...
00:00 - Intro
01:39 - Why Not Punnett Squares?
03:11 - Pedigrees, Your New Best Friend
03:50 - How to READ a Pedigree
09:22 - How to MAKE a Pedigree
15:24 - 3+ Allele Loci
17:17 - SexLinkage Tips
18:53 - This Outro Is Less Than 10 Seconds Lol
my patreon: / littlehungrywarrior
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![Dog Genetics for Writers & Artists part 1: Black, Red, & Brindle [CC]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/PDt7hCneim0/mqdefault.jpg)
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![Firestar's (Genetically Realistic) Family Tree [CC]](/img/n.gif)
7:06 if anyone wants to know more detailed
Tortoiseshell (and Calico) are actually fully effected/expressing both
Xy males are only going off of one X chromosome so it expresses whatever is on that one X (which is from xx parent)
Xx and xxy, females and males have multiple X’s but each individual cell only wants to only code for one so it tries to inactivate the other ones
Aka in individual cells it tries to make sure there’s at least one functional x and if there’s any extra it tries to deactivate the rest
This is called x chromosome inactivation, which is decided at random and happens in very very early development.
So when you look at the different color banding you can see the physical representation of which x is activated where. Which is pretty cool.
BARK BAKR BARK BARK YES ANOTHER GENETICS VIDEO MY CROPS ARE WATERED AND MY DEPRESSION HAS BEEN CURED 😭😭🫶🫶
THIS REVOLUTIONIZED MY WORLD BRO.....its so much easier to calculate multiple gens now omfg
OH MY GOSH YES
Oh my god put the subtitles on around 11:00. It's hysterical
I'M SO GLAD
They’re pretty fun, yeah! I’m really happy the silliness is consistent with the audio, so those of us who need captions are included :)
@@emmettrose5960 It's brilliant and I love it. I just love it when any creator does manual subs, but when they're SILLY??? You're the best ever now.
God. I just had my AP bio test a few weeks ago. It was with great joy that I threw out every single scrap of paper from that class turned my brain off for vacation mode but this video is giving me war flashbacks. I love paleobiology and taxonomy but I never wanna see a god forsaken pedigree, chi squared test, or Punnett square EVER AGAIN. (I would totally get a phylogenetic tree tattooed on me tho lmao). I hope Gregor Mendel is having fun with Satan because he must be a demon after the hell he put me through!
So anyway, I'm starting a bachelors in bio in about a 2 months :) Thanks for the Great video!
I just finished biology and genetics was the thing I knew I was gonna do best in only to get a total of 5 genetics questions on a 70 question test 😭
I find it really impressive how you identify and explain what specifically would be confusing to people new to the subject. You’re a great teacher!
FireAlpaca
(I use it too, I recognized the logo on the thing that popped up when you typed in the A's)
Good video! Thanks for distinguishing pedigrees from other family trees. I work on a journal that publishes, among other related articles, papers about genetic diseases, and every now and then a pedigree appears in a figure. My job when it comes to these figures is less about the science and more about "did they label everything properly and is everything legible," but this way I can refer to the figures more accurately. :)
"badly impersonates a waterfall" I love your captions!
Oh wow, that sounds like an awesome job!! I'd love to look at pedigrees all day LOL.
THANK YOU FOR THIS MAN!! I cannot fathom the number of times that I have seen a pedigree and did NOT understand a single thing of it. kinda laughable considering I know a lot about genetics, especially with cats...
I in fact do have a big and complicated family tree to make. I would not have thought to use pedigrees until now to track the alleles but now I'm going to
I found your channel through this genetics series and I am in love with it! I’m learning so much about cat genetics even though I’m not a Warriors fan. I hope you get more reach!
i love the “weeeee” sounds you make when drawing the pedigrees. it improves the lesson 10 fold
Oh I neededed this! I have a vast Lion King family tree that I've been keeping data on (it's NINE GENERATIONS and I've only done the main/royal branch) and there's three sets of genes in play - mane colour, fur colour, and eye colour. I'd been rolling genes randomly from what's available with a bit of manual tweaking if I want specific genes passing down but this will make things so much easier!
Damn, released this right after I finished doing a big family tree lol
I actually found myself doing a similar rollover thing for the alleles though! Must've been leftover from touching on genetics in high school bio
This stuff is so much easier to understand than how school broke it down for me. Love these vids, looking forward to future genetics videos :D
Me: I'm on way too many layers of Worldbuilders disease, damn.
Warrior Cats UA-cam: You're like a little baby, watch this.
I learned about pedigrees because my genetics teacher finished up faster than they should’ve and needed something to fill in some more days, and I had kinda forgotten that not everyone had that, so glad you’re sharing this knowledge! Even when doing genetically accurate stuff, I barely make punnet squares because they aren’t applicable, forgot everyone else didn’t know about pedigrees. 😅
WOOO Warrior Cats genetics! Your channel definitely didn’t inspire me into digging back up my old warriors ocs 😅
YIPPEEEEEEEEEE GENETICS
I love cat genetics
I just wanted to thank you not only for this video, but for your entire genetics' series! Sharing your knowledge from your degree in such an easy-to-understand format is so kind. I've tried watching other videos on cat genetics, but always got lost somewhere. Your series is the only series where everything was explained so clearly! Thank you so much!
RAHHHHHHGHHHHH THE GEN STUFF- THATS THE GOOD STUFF DAMN AHHHHHHHHHHH. Great to have ya back 🫡
I’ve studied genetics (though it’s not my focus) and have a solid idea of what you’re about to talk about, and it is highly amusing to me. Pedigrees! Genealogy! Yay!
Man this brings me back to highschool bio. I loved doing pedigree and punnet square problems, they were like fun logic puzzles. Thank you for reminding me of this joy, your videos are great!
YAAAAYYY IM SO EXCITED NEW GENETICS VID YAAAAAAY YAHOO YIPPEEEE
great video!!!! also ur subtitle game was awesome this time (as per usual but the wEEE things made me chuckle)
these videos scratch a very particular itch in my brain. theyre so high quality, i love it!
Your videos helped me save a final exam in genetics, you are incredible ❤
I love your genetics videos, thank you for giving us more!
Another video!!! Learning more about genetics (with pedigrees) in science most of these terms make a lot more sense
Yayayyayayyayay my genetic video ive waited so long forrr
So happy to see another upload from you!
This is excellent! The subtitles are so appreciated
Very simple and informational!!! And also entertaining. Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
You feed us very well, lovely video
oh hey we were taught this in school too
YAY MY FAV YTBER POSTED 💯
The wosh sound is life😂
Coming back here to add another comment: I have found a program that can kinda somewhat let you track genes so you can do all the above (somewhat) easier! It's called the Pedigree Chart Designer by CeGaT, completely *free*, licensed for personal, medical, and commercial use and available on Windows/Mac/Linux
The downside is that the maximum number of phenotypes per chart is a maximum of 8 (good thing the number of eye colours I track is 8) and most likely you'll need to have separate charts for eyes/fur colour etc. BUT it's free, has a drag and drop interface and while you can't change the colours of the phenotypes it has done a lot of good work for me and ensures that I can have a huge mess of family trees/genetics (as I am tracking FIVE kingdoms and making sure no one is too closely related)
I don't know how it'd work with many, MANY different entries but it should be a handy alternative to a paper-based system or creating one in an art program :)
HOLY SHIT I HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR A FREE ONE OF THESE FOR AGES. THANK YOU
aw yeahhhh genetics videoooo
GREAT VIDEO AS USUAL
YESS GENETICS!! WHOOH! THough, all I do is I look at the genes, and if they both have them filled in, I take it from there, if one is blank, I morph it to my will, by going back through heritage! I dont use tools, I use... Hmm.. Thoughts? Writing it down? Idk. Does that show my autism? Probably. Do I care? No. Tism :p
You should try this with horse colour genetics :P
It gets complicated real fast!
The only one I know on top of my head is that a Chestnut (2 red genes) and a Cream horse (2 cream genes) will always result in a Palomino, as Palominos require one cream gene and one chestnut gene to occur.
Oh fuck yes I love horse genetics, I did a big presentation on the leopard complex & another one on frame overo back in college. palamino is another interesting one for sure!
@@littlehungrywarrior Oh that's really cool!
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU SO MUCH
I breed plants and I’m loving your videos! I am curious how you would handle a pedigree where a single plant could be the mother, father, or if self-fertilized, both at the same time.
I wish I knew, sorry! I'm notoriously bad w/plant biology (esp their ploidy...oh man.) but I would think drawing out a pedigree means figuring out the relationships first, and then drawing them out, so.....whatever method you use to figure that out, then the tree?
unless there's some gene that's understood well enough that you could be like..."well, we know it's dominant, but this plant doesnt have it, so it cant have self-fertilized."
banger video
GENETICS!! YIPPEE
I just had a silly thought and went hey what would Duchess be from the Aristocats genticly.
Duchess is visably white of corse. Marie also visably white, Berlioz is grey/black, Toulouse is ginger.
So my gouess is Duchess a tortie under all that white or am my guess all of?
I did a punnett square w/her in one of my videos and reached the same conclusion :3
GENETIIICCACS
Mwehehe more genetics content for me to feed off of 😈
And this is exactly why the brother in my family isn't colorblind despite the two sisters somehow BEING colorblind. It's unlikely, but hey, he got mom and dad's non-colorblind genes, while both sisters got BOTH colorblind genes. For males, only one colorblind gene needs to be passed on for the person to be it (either X OR Y), but for females, it has to come from _both_ sides (BOTH X AND Y). So yeah, it's improbable, but it happens.
Pedigree showing our colorblindness, where the tracked trait is recessive (white):
P1: 🔲 (A/a), 🔘 (A/a)
F1: ⬛ (A/A), ⚪ (a/a), ⚪ (a/a)
Dad only has one and is XY, so he's colorblind. Mom only has one and is XX, so she isn't. Brother has none, so he isn't, while sisters have both so they are.
Didnt know of this tree, but it's fun to see how easily you can figure out the way genes got passed down. Nice video! Taught me something very interesting. Unsure how i may use it in the future, but it's good to know either way!
Just one little correction. Colorblindness (at least red/green) in humans typically is sex-linked. In other words, it works exactly like orange does in cats xD
@@wbenga I _do_ know that, I just didn't know how to convey it ghahash. If you have any tips there?
ANOTHER GENETICS VIDEO
Is black sex-linked as well as red, or is it just red?
the red LOCUS is sex-linked, so both "red" and "not red" are sex-linked. the genes that control what color "not red" is instead of red are not sex-linked :)
CHEERS
Wait. So folks draw the punnet squares out? I just thought everyone did them in their head after a while?
idk, I'm not a beginner so idk what beginner folks do
I didn’t know people did punnet squares for characters at all, that seems so strange to me lol.
Like, if I have characters who have a kid that looks dramatically different from them hair/eye/even skin color wise, I just need to make sure there’s someone with those traits somewhere up the family line. Especially with eye color, eye color genetics irl are funky. Skin and hair color are more standard, but you still get quirks from time to time (blonde hair red beard, red hair two blonde parents, platinum blonde from two dark haired parents, etc. These make sense when you look at a punnet square obviously, but my point is that it’s more like eye color where you can’t easily tell what you’ll get from looking at mom and dad)
Like the only thing that really doesn’t tend to vary from punnet squares is blood type, and even then there are still the occasional surprise unexpected blood type stories where it’s “impossible” yet both parents are their parents.
@@tisvana18 Yeah, with human characters doing punnett squares is mostly pointless since we don't exactly have like. markings lol. most of our defining features are just gradient traits w/some known key recessives. it makes more sense w/domestic animal characters.
I've never heard of anything like that happening with bloodtype tho. if you have a case study please do link me in tumblr! I'd be interested to read it (or them if multiple) :3