An introduction to Variable Frequency Drives. How three phase motors work, how VFD's work, and what types of applications are they used for. For more information visit www.eaton.com/vfd
this really shines a light on to why manufactures prefer to size a motor a bit larger. if my blower motor is rated @1 inwc they often times say for reliability reasons it should be less the .7 inwc even tho its rated at 1 inwc. building on this, heat is what kills a motor and my amp draw is significantly lower at .7 I have a lot less heat and in relative terms more airflow for the given amount of heat. super cool thanks for the video. I already knew how a VFD worked but i'm happy i watched it anyways because this is key information.
Thanks a lot for this video. Definitely appreciate you going all the way from how a motor that would benefit from a VFD works and how, internally, the VFD works, to the applications of the device itself. Much appreciated.
Agreed, I came to understand the DC-AC inversion and at 8:00 he makes it a lot more understandable.. Yet I don't get why the motor sees that conversion as a sinwave equivalent(and because it is dumb is not enough to account for it)
1 thing he didnt really explain is that was the on/off square wave VOLTAGE pulses to motor. Simply when you have a resistance (motor windings) and you apply voltage to a resistance, you get a current drawn by the load (motor). Because the voltage on/off pulses are so quick (microseconds, not even milliseconds), the motor cant tell that the voltage is going on and off so quick and continues to draw a near sinusoidal CURRENT and therefore rotate. As voltage stays on for more and more time, the current drawn reaches its peak, then voltage on/off time (mark/space) is reduced again, the current drawn starts to drop to zero, then the negative bus voltage is switched on to draw the negative current. The sinusoidal 'sinewave' shown over the square wave in video was the CURRENT drawn by the motor. Reducing the voltage on/off times reduces current frequency, which is directly related to motor speed, eg; 10Hz - 60Hz current draw.
+Ernesto Sastre, it seems like the it's no longer a sine wave anymore. It's like a digital signal or binary code ( varying intensity within the - or the +) so this trick kind of fools the motor into start spinning. perhaps if I attached mi oscilloscope I'd be able to see a squarish sine signal (well sort of) genius. Hit replay and see if I make sense.
+lastnameavailableok One 60 Hertz means that the current changed 60 times in one second + to -, back and forth. One Hertz is 1/60th of second. If the VFD was capable of handling kHz or MHz then, yes it would be thousandths or millionths of a second.
Tesla invented the induction motor but it was not 3 phase but rather 2 phase or something similar. 3 phase power was invented by the swedish engineer Jonas Wenström who with this laid the ground for ASEA (now ABB)
How can we lower the frequency to 20hz and everything is normal just slow, and sometimes when the frequency hit 48 47hz a huge problem appears putting the machine in danger ?
Thank you for this video.I have one dots regarding VFD, if VFD designs for power frequency 50HZ ,so can vfd 50hz runs motor 60hz? if not give me solutions basic on your experience>thanks again
Quick question, is it possible to use an oversized motor lets say 25hp instead of a 20hp, and run it at a lower duty cycle (example 80%) and save energy over having a 20hp motor running at 100%? I'm sure that still 20hp weather on a bigger or smaller motor is still 20hp, but I'm wondering if the the fact that the bigger motor can produce more torque with the same impulse (based on build) can maybe make it more efficient
VFD works good pumping with no lift. So it may save some energy in that case. When lifting water requires the pump to spin at 50% speed just to get the water out of the well, the savings don't add up to much. Especially when a single speed pump can run more efficiently at max flows, and reduces the amps naturally when flow is restricted by a valve. ua-cam.com/video/3GABhLLtjas/v-deo.html
IF WE HAVE ONE THREE PHASE MOTOR WITH 6 LEADS OUT WHICH CONNECTION WE ARE GOING TO MAKE STAR OR DELTA BEFORE WE CONNECT TO THREE IN COMMING LINE FROM VDF?? OR VDF SYSTEM USE DIFFERENT TYPE OF ELECTRICAL MOTOR??
Could I adjust speed twice on each revolution? lets say from 0degress to 90 degrees one speed then other speed the rest of the revolution ? can a signal be inputed to the frequency drive so it changes the speed at a certain degrees?
Nyc video...Great job....Liked it ... But I have a doubt.... VFD uses less frequency to control the speed.But when the frequency decreases, the current will increase.There is a chance that the current may go beyond the rated current .Then how VFD is an option for speed control??
I'll double check in real life if my answer is absolutely correct but the VFD only changes the Hz that's the number of times of the wave (imitation wave) after going through the VFD. it does not change the voltage thus not changing the amperage draw. So, you can reduce it to say 20Hz or run it way beyond 50Hz or 60Hz in USA. potentially you could double the speed to say 100 Hz depending of the capacity of the motor. When I run VFDs at too low frequency say about 15 or 12 Hz I have experienced problems "error high voltage" and that my friend is not the utility company issue. I measure the line voltage, check checks normal. The problem is that the motor returns unused voltage back to the VFD thus creating a high voltage issue, and the VFD trips. The one time you may create a high amp draw scenario is when calibrating the VFD to start from stopped to full speed, if the start time is too short and the system is loaded with product then yes you may trip your circuit breaker with a high amp draw situation.
Schools don't have to compete for your attention by focusing on what is best for you. They're in the business of making legislators/funding sources happy.
Awesome and easy to understand. I'm a mechanical engineer that deals with lots of electronics but don't have a solid understanding of the magic pixies that make up electronics. You provide an education in a way I can understand. Thank you. Wish more professors would teach like this. Reading and understanding books is a awful and slow challenge for me because of dyslexia that was never seen in elementary school (they didn't look for things like that in the 1970's). Videos help many such as myself that learn visually.
Thank you for this video! I've heard so many people talking about VFDs at work. I thought it would be a much more difficult concept to learn before seeing this video. It was so easy to understand! The real world example (changing frequency to a ceiling fan) helped me understand exactly what was going on! Excellent video!
Great, good deal bro. VFDs have a plethora of settings a have some with over 120, but this is a very basic intro. Besides they have a lot of internal components that might get damaged if calibrated incorrectly.
Noob question. According to efficiency curve IM is approximately 4% of slip for maximum efficiency. why not just lock the slip to that range so the frequency varies as load changes, then we just control the voltage and frequency automatically lock for 4% slip range so we have max efficiency and precise control? because V/f control not adapting to the load only good for constant load.
What sort of (in)inefficiency is caused by the VFD itself? Those converter/inverter/switching processes all consume power and all introduce power losses. I'm guessing it's all about right-sizing the device for the application (and the budget) to maximize real savings.
Not really Considering it's all based on voltage, voltage not used is money saved. You cant dissipate voltage without a use. However, incorrect amperage use will use excessive voltage and burn out motor coils. But breakers and fuses regulate this.
Well here is the market that will need this... Household Generator gives e.g. 57Hz where the Inverter needs grid input of 50Hz. So the Inverter rejects the input from the Generator. A Unit that can convert Household Generator output to ~50Hz (or what the Inverter in other areas of the world require) will have a good market size if it is not too expensive.
No Tesla did not invent the 3 phase motor A polish German invented the 3 0hase 3 wire system we use today ,Not Tesla .the first AC single phase motor was invented by an italian .Tesla came up with a 6 wire polyphase system .Feel free to correct me if I am wrong
Great video! At the next level up, it's not "positively" or "negatively charged". The alternating voltage applied results (with a lag) in a stator current and an alternating magnetic field in the stator. The changing magnetic field induces a corresponding field in the rotor. Which is more complex, and why they are talking about charge. 😉
This explains why the control boxes for the huge ventilation fan motors at my Counties welding shop are soo big, I thought the control boxes for the fan were just for starting and shutting off the motors, then the instructor said the control boxes were for how much air is being sucked out and it senses what the air pressure in the room is, they're huge 3 phase motors maybe 20 or so HP, so how can you control the speed of huge 3p motors, with huge VFD boxes
hi ,i am a student in electromecanics and i have to write about the different types of VFDs for asynchronous motors,i cant find any info and i am desperate .
Super tutorial! I am contemplating replacing a single phase motor on my drill press with a 3 phase motor and a VFD. I think I have a better understanding of torque vs. speed now. Thanks.
At 2:42 you show a squirrel cage rotor. The rest of your explanation on this is too simplistic. The stator induces a rotating field in the rotor. Yet you depict this as a D.C induced field in the rotor. You should explain how the rotor derives its induced field and that the rotor is phase delayed behind the rotating field in the stator. The stator's rotating magnetic field drags the magnetic field in the rotor and thus causes the mechanical rotation of the rotor
How do you check the output of the VFD with a basic meter? On a 480v AC motor , although it’s AC I’m assuming you can’t measure AC with a multimeter since it’s pwm. Do you measure amps per leg or scope?
I worked at vee Arc corp.in 1982 to 1992 I was let go I had some promblems but I was Avery reliable worker ibullt any where from 5hp to 300hp assembly of mottor control unites i miss my work disability do to head and left I in jury would like to have a cance be part of the world again it was my life now I wach tv.tomuch it's Avery much a industry I would like to be a part of again.thanks.
we need these kind of channels on youtube
Now there's a proper video for technically challenged people like me!!! Great work....thanks a lot
this really shines a light on to why manufactures prefer to size a motor a bit larger. if my blower motor is rated @1 inwc they often times say for reliability reasons it should be less the .7 inwc even tho its rated at 1 inwc. building on this, heat is what kills a motor and my amp draw is significantly lower at .7 I have a lot less heat and in relative terms more airflow for the given amount of heat.
super cool thanks for the video. I already knew how a VFD worked but i'm happy i watched it anyways because this is key information.
Thanks a lot for this video. Definitely appreciate you going all the way from how a motor that would benefit from a VFD works and how, internally, the VFD works, to the applications of the device itself. Much appreciated.
As a RAC engineer I give u 5 stars for very useful information in this video.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Excellent 101 training, so clear and easy to fathom
Entertaining and very informative thank you very much for the wonderful explanation and demonstration of the technical function of VFDs.
Great Refresher Course! Kudos on the Humor.
Yea I learned and got clarity on PWM process. Makes me want to build my own VFD.
Excellent! VFDs are widely used in the oil and gas industry!
Excellent explaination thank you very much,
2017 Revit MEP Electrical......loving it!! Great video Eaton/Westinghouse :-)
The best tutorial on VFD. \m/
Agreed, I came to understand the DC-AC inversion and at 8:00 he makes it a lot more understandable..
Yet I don't get why the motor sees that conversion as a sinwave equivalent(and because it is dumb is not enough to account for it)
1 thing he didnt really explain is that was the on/off square wave VOLTAGE pulses to motor. Simply when you have a resistance (motor windings) and you apply voltage to a resistance, you get a current drawn by the load (motor). Because the voltage on/off pulses are so quick (microseconds, not even milliseconds), the motor cant tell that the voltage is going on and off so quick and continues to draw a near sinusoidal CURRENT and therefore rotate. As voltage stays on for more and more time, the current drawn reaches its peak, then voltage on/off time (mark/space) is reduced again, the current drawn starts to drop to zero, then the negative bus voltage is switched on to draw the negative current. The sinusoidal 'sinewave' shown over the square wave in video was the CURRENT drawn by the motor. Reducing the voltage on/off times reduces current frequency, which is directly related to motor speed, eg; 10Hz - 60Hz current draw.
+Ernesto Sastre, it seems like the it's no longer a sine wave anymore. It's like a digital signal or binary code ( varying intensity within the - or the +) so this trick kind of fools the motor into start spinning. perhaps if I attached mi oscilloscope I'd be able to see a squarish sine signal (well sort of) genius. Hit replay and see if I make sense.
+lastnameavailableok One 60 Hertz means that the current changed 60 times in one second + to -, back and forth. One Hertz is 1/60th of second. If the VFD was capable of handling kHz or MHz then, yes it would be thousandths or millionths of a second.
@@lastnameavailableok GOOD EXPLANATION!
Don't forget to make sure you have shaft grounding rings for any motor on a VFD.
amazing explanation how three phase motors work. very helpful !!! :)
Tesla invented the induction motor but it was not 3 phase but rather 2 phase or something similar. 3 phase power was invented by the swedish engineer Jonas Wenström who with this laid the ground for ASEA (now ABB)
@02:26-ish - Tesla was from Croatia - been to his birthplace & exhibition in 2014.
Desde Colombia, gracias
amazing video on power electronics
very useful information..
Very nice Explanation! Thanks
Really awesome video. Thanks
GOOD LECTURES
Wonderful video!
Brilliant video!
How can we lower the frequency to 20hz and everything is normal just slow, and sometimes when the frequency hit 48 47hz a huge problem appears putting the machine in danger ?
Very good
before vfd they had adjustable mechanical variable speed gear drives or disc belt drive
Good video. Thanks for posting
Great explanation
Thank you for this video.I have one dots regarding VFD, if VFD designs for power frequency 50HZ ,so can vfd 50hz runs motor 60hz? if not give me solutions basic on your experience>thanks again
Nice video....thanks...
Great tutorial
AWESOME LESSONS
Quick question, is it possible to use an oversized motor lets say 25hp instead of a 20hp, and run it at a lower duty cycle (example 80%) and save energy over having a 20hp motor running at 100%?
I'm sure that still 20hp weather on a bigger or smaller motor is still 20hp, but I'm wondering if the the fact that the bigger motor can produce more torque with the same impulse (based on build) can maybe make it more efficient
The motor isn't dumb, the magnetic field is a low pass filter.
Your a legend sir - Jonah Takalua
Nice video sir
VFD works good pumping with no lift. So it may save some energy in that case. When lifting water requires the pump to spin at 50% speed just to get the water out of the well, the savings don't add up to much. Especially when a single speed pump can run more efficiently at max flows, and reduces the amps naturally when flow is restricted by a valve. ua-cam.com/video/3GABhLLtjas/v-deo.html
Wonderful fun video. why dont they teach like this in school. I could have been the 21st century tesla
Btw love the DiscoTesla :)
IF WE HAVE ONE THREE PHASE MOTOR WITH 6 LEADS OUT WHICH CONNECTION WE ARE GOING TO MAKE STAR OR DELTA BEFORE WE CONNECT TO THREE IN COMMING LINE FROM VDF?? OR VDF SYSTEM USE DIFFERENT TYPE OF ELECTRICAL MOTOR??
Could I adjust speed twice on each revolution? lets say from 0degress to 90 degrees one speed then other speed the rest of the revolution ? can a signal be inputed to the frequency drive so it changes the speed at a certain degrees?
Good luarnig program
2:24 TELSA on the picture of Tesla....careless😮💨
Nice, Thank you
The snicket file
Thank you sir.
Nyc video...Great job....Liked it ...
But I have a doubt....
VFD uses less frequency to control the speed.But when the frequency decreases, the current will increase.There is a chance that the current may go beyond the rated current .Then how VFD is an option for speed control??
why would current increase with a decrease in frequency?
They also lower the voltage....
I'll double check in real life if my answer is absolutely correct but the VFD only changes the Hz that's the number of times of the wave (imitation wave) after going through the VFD. it does not change the voltage thus not changing the amperage draw. So, you can reduce it to say 20Hz or run it way beyond 50Hz or 60Hz in USA. potentially you could double the speed to say 100 Hz depending of the capacity of the motor. When I run VFDs at too low frequency say about 15 or 12 Hz I have experienced problems "error high voltage" and that my friend is not the utility company issue. I measure the line voltage, check checks normal. The problem is that the motor returns unused voltage back to the VFD thus creating a high voltage issue, and the VFD trips. The one time you may create a high amp draw scenario is when calibrating the VFD to start from stopped to full speed, if the start time is too short and the system is loaded with product then yes you may trip your circuit breaker with a high amp draw situation.
@@EETechs nice answer bro
9:00. That's your standard head chopper.
Say the starting current of a pump is 495 amps. with a VFD what will be the starting current if rated power is 45kw and rated current is 76 amp
Holyshit!!!! I actually learned something from the Internet...why isn't school this easy.
jasper fatty complication is simplicity misunderstood.
Because schools are business in a way they can careless if you learn or not they just look the money & then of course politics
@@marcematt2214 I don't think what you said is necessarily true.
The people behind these videos are professionals on this field, of course they would teach and explain better in particular topics of their field.
Schools don't have to compete for your attention by focusing on what is best for you. They're in the business of making legislators/funding sources happy.
"It's not perfect, but motors are dumb.." Hahaha that was hilarious
😂 😂 😂 😂 😂
the motors are dumb really, because they are dead objects and not living creatures😂😂😂
Awesome and easy to understand. I'm a mechanical engineer that deals with lots of electronics but don't have a solid understanding of the magic pixies that make up electronics. You provide an education in a way I can understand. Thank you. Wish more professors would teach like this. Reading and understanding books is a awful and slow challenge for me because of dyslexia that was never seen in elementary school (they didn't look for things like that in the 1970's). Videos help many such as myself that learn visually.
Bionic reading try out
I expect trains in application... but you used fan instead
TELSA
Thank you for this video! I've heard so many people talking about VFDs at work. I thought it would be a much more difficult concept to learn before seeing this video. It was so easy to understand! The real world example (changing frequency to a ceiling fan) helped me understand exactly what was going on! Excellent video!
Great, good deal bro. VFDs have a plethora of settings a have some with over 120, but this is a very basic intro. Besides they have a lot of internal components that might get damaged if calibrated incorrectly.
It is a bit more complicated than what he explained
@@oscar27ization is it? What are some other things I should learn about VFD: terms and definitions I know to begin my deep-dive search?
Never thought I'd see Tesla's image combined with a disco mirrored ball :-)
What a great explanation of how a VFD functions!
The best VFD training I have seen thusfar! Thank you!
Noob question. According to efficiency curve IM is approximately 4% of slip for maximum efficiency. why not just lock the slip to that range so the frequency varies as load changes, then we just control the voltage and frequency automatically lock for 4% slip range so we have max efficiency and precise control? because V/f control not adapting to the load only good for constant load.
What sort of (in)inefficiency is caused by the VFD itself? Those converter/inverter/switching processes all consume power and all introduce power losses. I'm guessing it's all about right-sizing the device for the application (and the budget) to maximize real savings.
Not really
Considering it's all based on voltage, voltage not used is money saved. You cant dissipate voltage without a use. However, incorrect amperage use will use excessive voltage and burn out motor coils. But breakers and fuses regulate this.
Can Variable Frequency Drives increase the speed above the 60Hz maximum input line frequency?
The narrator explained VFD basics very clearly.
Well here is the market that will need this...
Household Generator gives e.g. 57Hz where the Inverter needs grid input of 50Hz. So the Inverter rejects the input from the Generator.
A Unit that can convert Household Generator output to ~50Hz (or what the Inverter in other areas of the world require) will have a good market size if it is not too expensive.
No Tesla did not invent the 3 phase motor A polish German invented the 3 0hase 3 wire system we use today ,Not Tesla .the first AC single phase motor was invented by an italian .Tesla came up with a 6 wire polyphase system .Feel free to correct me if I am wrong
This video is pretty cheeky, particularly for so large a company. That's an observation, not a complaint.
can a 12v battery power a 3 phase 5hp 250-460volts 60 hertz 15.6 amps
tefc motor using the VFD?
Have anyone noticed the misspell of " TELSA"? Great explanations by the way. Thanks
Great video!
At the next level up, it's not "positively" or "negatively charged". The alternating voltage applied results (with a lag) in a stator current and an alternating magnetic field in the stator. The changing magnetic field induces a corresponding field in the rotor.
Which is more complex, and why they are talking about charge. 😉
I was trying to see if anyone was going to point this out. Glad to know some people still know what they're talking about!
“Telsa” 🤨
how we scale the analog signal from 0-3.7 bar to 0- 10v in single phase eaTON VFD
You mean "teSLa"? :)
Thanks for the very informative video.
I had a good laugh when I saw TELSA.
Holy crap!!! The internet can be a important source of learning! This is VERY VERY USEFUL. Thanks for sharing!
This explains why the control boxes for the huge ventilation fan motors at my Counties welding shop are soo big, I thought the control boxes for the fan were just for starting and shutting off the motors, then the instructor said the control boxes were for how much air is being sucked out and it senses what the air pressure in the room is, they're huge 3 phase motors maybe 20 or so HP, so how can you control the speed of huge 3p motors, with huge VFD boxes
hi ,i am a student in electromecanics and i have to write about the different types of VFDs for asynchronous motors,i cant find any info and i am desperate .
Very detailed. Thankyou...
Do you video sir how to troubleshoot overheating vfd
2022 update: 7:05 they’re now called IGBT+Youth 🏳️🌈
that's right, VFD, not power inverters, not frequency convertors
Rodriguez Jennifer Martinez Amy Jackson Charles
"Pow pow pow pow " 🤣🤣🤣😅😅😅😅 i'm loving this video!!!! 7:40
So the VFD output frequency determines the speed and the voltage the torque?
It is possible for one vfd to control multiple three phase ac motor on cooling tower fan?
My vcu turns off eveynow and then and it says on the alarms VFD 101 or VFD 201, what do i do? Or how can i fix it? Thank u
van coil unit☠️☠️☠️
Nice video. We use a VFD for our ice rink. It's the coolest thing ever.
Super tutorial! I am contemplating replacing a single phase motor on my drill press with a 3 phase motor and a VFD. I think I have a better understanding of torque vs. speed now. Thanks.
Clark Shirley Harris Betty Rodriguez Ronald
Can we use comparison formula to convert that motor's speed by the frequency?
Walker Kimberly Young Edward Lewis Maria
At 2:42 you show a squirrel cage rotor. The rest of your explanation on this is too simplistic. The stator induces a rotating field in the rotor. Yet you depict this as a D.C induced field in the rotor. You should explain how the rotor derives its induced field and that the rotor is phase delayed behind the rotating field in the stator. The stator's rotating magnetic field drags the magnetic field in the rotor and thus causes the mechanical rotation of the rotor
Lopez Charles Smith Jeffrey Davis Deborah
this video explains very well how brushless DC motors work. in terms of the mosfets right?
If someone would like to get some practice with sizing drive systems, try the DriveConstructor online course
How do you check the output of the VFD with a basic meter? On a 480v AC motor , although it’s AC I’m assuming you can’t measure AC with a multimeter since it’s pwm.
Do you measure amps per leg or scope?
Brown Angela Jackson William Davis Charles
Jackson Daniel Lewis Robert Hernandez Carol
Martinez Anthony Hernandez Michael Hernandez Kevin
I worked at vee Arc corp.in 1982 to 1992 I was let go I had some promblems but I was Avery reliable worker ibullt any where from 5hp to 300hp assembly of mottor control unites i miss my work disability do to head and left I in jury would like to have a cance be part of the world again it was my life now I wach tv.tomuch it's Avery much a industry I would like to be a part of again.thanks.
SIMPLY AWESOME!! It all makes sense to me now.
Hall Richard Davis Thomas Johnson Steven