The Most Controversial Movie Ever Made Got Its Director Murdered

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  • Опубліковано 14 тра 2024
  • Pier Paolo Pasolini is the mind behind the most controversial movie ever made: Salo or the 120 Days of Sodom. He is far from being one of my favorite directors, but there are few I respect more than him. Here is an artist with the courage to relentlessly stand up to corruption. An artist with ironclad beliefs, principles and values that he would die for, and he did. Admiration.
    Resources used in the making of this video:
    Whoever Says The Truth Shall Die - Pier Paolo Pasolini Documentary 1981 hardcoded English subtitles - • Whoever Says The Truth...
    FILMMAKER & POET ~~Pier Paolo Pasolini DOCUMENTARY - • FILMMAKER & POET ~~Pie...
    Pier Paolo Pasolini Speaks - • Pier Paolo Pasolini Sp...
    Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1957) - Official Trailer - • Salò, or the 120 Days...
    Marquis de Sade - 120 Days of Sodom BOOK REVIEW - • Marquis de Sade - 120 ...
    Pasolini: Murder of a Dissident: www.jstor.org/stable/3397698
    Who really killed Pier Paolo Pasolini?: www.theguardian.com/world/201...
    PIER PAOLO PASOLINI’S DEATH: lifeinitaly.com/theorem-pier-...
    Plea to reopen Pasolini murder file presented: www.ansa.it/english/news/life...
    The Elegiac Heart: Pier Paolo Pasolini, Filmmaker: www.criterion.com/current/pos...
    Salò: The Present as Hell: www.criterion.com/current/pos...
    Salo, or The 120 Days of Sodom.
    Music used in this video:
    I) "Shapes of Shadows" - Franz Gordon
    II) "Togetherless" - Franz Gordon
    III) "Feeding Pigeons" - Magnus Ludvigsson
    IV) "Maybe in Spain" - Franz Gordon
    V) "Painted Memories" - Franz Gordon
    VI) "Raincoat Waltz" - Franz Gordon
    VII) "Eyes Forever Closed" - Kikorou
    Chapters:
    The Death of Pasolini - 0:00
    The Man Behind The Camera - 4:07
    Whodunnit? - 8:39
    The Truth According To Salo - 15:14
    Come and See and Learn - 22:00
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 2,3 тис.

  • @WishAAAProductions
    @WishAAAProductions 6 місяців тому +324

    Casting Willem Dafoe as him was just perfection

    • @zephyer-gp1ju
      @zephyer-gp1ju 3 місяці тому +9

      Thank You! I knew him but, couldn't think of his name.

    • @migangelmart
      @migangelmart 3 місяці тому +14

      I want to see Willem Dafoe play Klaus Kinski before it's too late.

    • @realtv1494
      @realtv1494 3 місяці тому +2

      What movie is that in the beginning with William dafoe

    • @richiewilliams39155
      @richiewilliams39155 2 місяці тому

      @@realtv1494 Pasolini

    • @atodamadre3197
      @atodamadre3197 2 місяці тому +2

      ​@@zephyer-gp1juthe narrator literally mentioned his name in the video

  • @sizzis2045
    @sizzis2045 5 місяців тому +1825

    There are actually a number of theories surrounding the murder of Pier Paolo Pasolini and the real motives behind it, here in Italy. I think a more plausible one has to do with "Petrolio", a novel which Pasolini was in the middle of writing at the time, and which was never completed due to his death, in addition to having many pages of the original manuscript reported missing. The novel was intended to deal with the theme of Italy's major petroleum company, ENI, at the time shaken by various mysterious events (to name one: the then-president of the company, Enrico Mattei, dying in an airplane incident which lots of people now believe to have been an assassination), and probably he started poking into matters that bothered someone.

    • @ukmenon13
      @ukmenon13 5 місяців тому +52

      Yup, infact!.👌 There’s also this book titled L’Italia nel Petrolio. Mattei, Cefis, Pasolini, e il sogno infranto dell’indipendenza energetica”.

    • @sizzis2045
      @sizzis2045 5 місяців тому +59

      @@ukmenon13 Also on the same topic, I may also bring up (for the non-Italian audience, since it is a well known work in Italy) "Questo è Cefis: L'altra faccia dell'onorato presidente" ("This is Cefis: The other face of the honorable president"), written under pseudonym by one Giorgio Steimetz.
      It is a tell-all biography on Eugenio Cefis, the president of ENI that succeeded Mattei, in which he was denounced of involvement in various backroom dealings, not to mention connections to Mattei's death. Cefis, it later turned out, was also a member of the infamous P2 masonic lodge.
      The book was published in 1972 and pulled off the shelves and national libraries almost immediately, becoming for a long time almost impossible to find (nowadays the book is freely available for purchase anywhere, though). Pasolini evidently managed to get ahold of a copy of it, which is why some parts of the book are also paraphrased if not quoted directly within the pages of "Petrolio".

    • @Dissenter
      @Dissenter 5 місяців тому +1

      This film connects the Dutroux Affair with Operation Gladio. Dutroux involved a political pedo ring like Epstein's, but much worse. And Gladio involved the US government funding and using fascist cells for false flag terror attacks (mass shooters, bombings) in European countries like Italy.
      The US-funded terrorists, and Italian government officials admit in a documentary called "Gladio" (British Broadcasting Corporation) that they attacked civilians so they would trade their freedoms for more security, leading to a fascist police state. The fascists in the movie are based on some of the real ones involved in Gladio, who were also involved in the Dutroux affair.

    • @ssartre5240
      @ssartre5240 5 місяців тому +12

      @@sizzis2045 Never heard of the story. Thank you for bring it up. Very interesting.

    • @masakatsuluv4593
      @masakatsuluv4593 5 місяців тому +1

      Ever heard of Operation Gladio? Italians are probably more aware than MOST Westerners

  • @beifu
    @beifu 5 місяців тому +297

    Personally i always thought the point of Salo was to turn it off. No joke, i think by the end the film argues that by sitting back and passively witnessing the events we are participating in the heinous acts

    • @chrisdawson1776
      @chrisdawson1776 5 місяців тому +2

      You probably voted for Trump

    • @beifu
      @beifu 5 місяців тому +103

      @@chrisdawson1776 why would you assume that? I'm a leftist my dude

    • @chrisdawson1776
      @chrisdawson1776 5 місяців тому +1

      @@beifu Keep crying

    • @beifu
      @beifu 5 місяців тому +77

      @@chrisdawson1776 about what?

    • @jackstack2136
      @jackstack2136 5 місяців тому +12

      Your generation sure has an obsession with being attributed to things you did not do

  • @AAZEDLARC
    @AAZEDLARC 5 місяців тому +208

    OK, I'm not kidding. My late friend, costume designer Theadora Van Runkle (Bonnie & Clyde, The Godfather 2, etc.) worked on a film with Pasolini and they got to be great friends (this was in the mid-seventies.) When she returned home to Los Angeles, she wrote him a few letters, but he didn't respond - she was sort of hurt but film sets can be like that. It wasn't until years later that she found out he'd been killed :( I don't know if she ever talked about it with anyone else ://

  • @duetforherbivores
    @duetforherbivores 6 місяців тому +1564

    Another film that has its director killed was the box-office hit, The Gentle Art of Japanese Extortion. The director Juzo Itami was held at gunpoint and made to fake a s*icide letter and then to jump to his death because he had embarrassed the Yakuza in his film. It was years until the murderers confessed, though very few people believed Itami ended his life because of an alleged affair, which already aroused a lot of suspicion. I'd like to see an analysis of that movie knowing what we know now.

    • @adurpandya2742
      @adurpandya2742 6 місяців тому +22

      Interesting

    • @LA-dm6kj
      @LA-dm6kj 6 місяців тому +59

      Breaks my heart, i never knew this. He is one of my favorite directors with the funeral, taxing woman and tampopo

    • @choosecarefully408
      @choosecarefully408 6 місяців тому

      Amazing what savages other cultures produce, eh? Americans on the other hand witnessed Creepy Uncle Joe molest under-aged girls live at a White House media event. & like all the Most Civilized People of the world, ducked back up their denials then elected him president.
      You can't kill someone for pointing out a corruption you deny exists, eh?

    • @YudaHnK
      @YudaHnK 6 місяців тому +43

      Thank you so much for mentioning Minbo: the Gentle Art of Japanese Extortion.
      I just saw it and I'd have to say never have I seen an entertaining comedy be so impactful.
      The spotlight Juzo Itami brought on the yakuza helped change their society.
      Reflecting on Salo, brings Epstein to mind.
      And it seems nothing changed after he suicided himself, nothing of import anyhow.

    • @Sos_tenuto
      @Sos_tenuto 6 місяців тому

      This is just a reminder that the "held at gunpoint" confession was someone's account responding to a journalist's interview and not anything official. Juzo's official cause of death is still suicide.

  • @juliocesarpereira4325
    @juliocesarpereira4325 6 місяців тому +1393

    Another film director assassinated was Theo van Gogh from the Neatherlands. He directed 'Submission: Part 1', a short-film written and Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a Somali writer and politican which criticised the treatment of women in Islam. Ayaan Hirsi Ali went into hiding and today lives in the United States at a secret location.

    • @FijianSouljah1312
      @FijianSouljah1312 6 місяців тому +76

      Wishing, hoping and praying that man and those who worked on the movie stay safe. 🙏🏽 😔

    • @briancox9357
      @briancox9357 6 місяців тому +171

      Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a great lady, brave, intelligent and compassionate. She's a great antidote to those who believe that religious extremism can lead to liberation.

    • @huffthomas1
      @huffthomas1 6 місяців тому +110

      It's a religion of peace!

    • @jeremywhite9667
      @jeremywhite9667 6 місяців тому

      Yes, we know. They typical and historically routine failures of multiculturalism are ever present in our society.

    • @joeorca5087
      @joeorca5087 6 місяців тому +14

      You re beyond help.......

  • @techtoth1
    @techtoth1 6 місяців тому +262

    Pasolini wrote about and denounced the corruption of uncontrolled industrial society; the terrible danger of making education a joke, creating a sheep population. The horror of corruption amongst every layer of society. All the disasters in industrial life he foresaw, came to be. We all owe heroes like him a great debt, for trying to open up our eyes, and fight big economic powers and their inhuman greed that kills bodies and souls without the slightest hesitation. Consumerism unfortunately has won, and we can see that in front of our eyes every single day. Thanks, Pier Paolo, for your courage, for your life. Thanks for the video. Always be very aware of the lies servant state powers throw at you.

    • @antonioromano9963
      @antonioromano9963 5 місяців тому +16

      True. Education today is a joke.

    • @amerocker
      @amerocker 5 місяців тому +24

      This accurately describes the American society.
      A Yank

    • @techtoth1
      @techtoth1 5 місяців тому +7

      Unfortunately most of industrial societies... 😔 @@amerocker

    • @godzillazfriction
      @godzillazfriction 5 місяців тому +14

      ​​@@techtoth1but the poetic irony strucks when he himself dated teenagers...

    • @techtoth1
      @techtoth1 5 місяців тому +6

      @@godzillazfriction as I already wrote on another video: he was 27, at the time, and the teenagers were consensual. So: are you going to loathe Jerry Lee Lewis music because he did something similar? Or let God be the judge, and instead take all the good (and it's a lot) his gift donated us? There is no poetic irony here; his words were, and are, enlightening, showing us all the horror of industrial societies. Make treasure of those, and let judgment on his life be dealt elsewhere. Besides, he wasn't even condemned. The accusation was not for corruption of minors, but for sexual acts in public, which was considered untrue. Leave the questionable, take the good. For your own good. ☺️

  • @BJones-yw4dd
    @BJones-yw4dd 6 місяців тому +590

    This video finally explains for me the (yes, extremely) disturbing "art" film I watched with friends in college back around 1982. Certain scenes still haunt me to this day, though I'd forgotten the title long ago. Then this video came up on my YT feed and it struck a chord. Indeed it is the never-forgotten, freakish film I saw long ago; but now I finally have some societal/historic context for it. Thank you for making and sharing this video.

    • @johnmcgrath6192
      @johnmcgrath6192 6 місяців тому +20

      Hard to understand if you do not know what Salo means.

    • @usefulusinguser
      @usefulusinguser 5 місяців тому +9

      @@johnmcgrath6192 I haven’t seen the movie but don’t understand the connection unless the “salo” I’m familiar with also as a different meaning. I’ve always known it as that Slavic bacon you eat with onion or garlic as a chaser to vodka

    • @johnmcgrath6192
      @johnmcgrath6192 5 місяців тому +115

      @@usefulusinguser Salo is the northern Italian city that the WWII facist government retreated to as the Allies were near to taking Rome. The movie is a graphic depiction of the sadistic essence of fascism and also its seductiveness. Basically the fascists spend their last vdays enacting a version of the Marquis deSade's depiction of a sadist holiday. They demean and torture, physically and sexually, the attractive looking children of anti-fascists. The movies next to last scene is of the fascists torturing to death the anti-fascist young people. The last scene leaves us with a caution: one of the handsome young male anti-fascists joins the fascist swith a sensuous kiss. This is a warning that hat many young people, the future of Italy, will be seduced into fascism through and its love of power and brutality.. But many, having no idea of what Salo means, just see it as sado-masochistic porn.

    • @email4664
      @email4664 5 місяців тому +29

      @@johnmcgrath6192 Cool. I will just skip it then, and forget the rest of this documentary and watch something worthwhiel

    • @rdubdojaclick
      @rdubdojaclick 5 місяців тому +75

      @@email4664 everyone in this thread has admitted that the film is extremely difficult to watch, but given the historical context, it’s more understandable.
      amazing that you received a well thought out explanation, then gave the most dismissively ignorant replies possible. normally i WOULD recommend some of Pasolini’s other work but you seem more sympathetic to fascists than most, unfortunately.

  • @michaeledwards6683
    @michaeledwards6683 6 місяців тому +231

    can you imagine making a film like saló and then everyone thinks you tried to rape a teenager for the next 30 years but you are dead so you can’t defend yourself

    • @poindextertunes
      @poindextertunes 6 місяців тому +12

      i mean he clearly stepped on some toes

    • @whitedragoness23
      @whitedragoness23 6 місяців тому +47

      @@poindextertunesmore like he crushed those toes

    • @trahapace150
      @trahapace150 6 місяців тому +24

      He did have a thing for young boys though......

    • @whitedragoness23
      @whitedragoness23 6 місяців тому +9

      Did he really? Evidence sources? I havnt seen this book or read about the guy. So, I’m not sure what’s the evidence for and against him.

    • @frejo1931
      @frejo1931 6 місяців тому +80

      @@whitedragoness23 according to wikipedia, he was once charged with sexual misconduct with 3 teenagers and wouldn't deny the claims and instead compared himself to a self described pederast. He later met the "great love of his life" when he was 41, and the boy was only 15. so. The fascists story was really quite reasonable.

  • @jota893
    @jota893 6 місяців тому +68

    Salo. 1980s rainy afternoon in Bogota Colombia. I have never regretted watching that movie. Brutal film, but people in power commit horrors in the name of law, party, country, god, or some other rule. Very good analysis. Thank you.

    • @RedRonFJB
      @RedRonFJB 6 місяців тому +9

      also committing atrocities in the name of globalism/ one world order too.

    • @evemaria37
      @evemaria37 6 місяців тому +8

      ​@@RedRonFJBthe ultimate goal is always the same : control and power.

    • @amerocker
      @amerocker 5 місяців тому

      What is so brutal in this film?

    • @willardv
      @willardv 5 місяців тому +2

      @@amerockerMainly its depictions of extreme sexual and physical abuse of teenagers

    • @amerocker
      @amerocker 5 місяців тому +1

      @@willardv Thank you for responding.

  • @enricogori1945
    @enricogori1945 5 місяців тому +183

    As an Italian Pasolini connoisseur, I highly congratulate you on your analysis. Most videos treat the movie as an extreme horror movie in the likes of Cannibal Holocaust, A Serbian Film, Martyrs, I am the Devil...you name it. No: it's worse than any and all of them. It's purposedly horrible due to all you explained in the video about Pasolini's pessimistic view of capitalist industrial society. It should be noted that, albeit a Communist, he didn't like the Eastern Bloc any better (though he did often go to 1960s-1970s Romania for rejuvenating therapies). Indeed he harbored a passionate hatred for fascists, and for that he was indeed constantly harassed by the Italian Social Movement militants (the ISM (MSI) was a neofascist party founded by former fascists. Its adherents carried out the infamous 1969, 1974, 1980 terrorist bombings). When Pasolini was murdered, as Pino Pelosi recounted in his book, which sadly never gained much popularity here, though interesting books were written afterwards (the best being 'Pasolini. Massacro di un poeta'). Even sadder, Pelosi passed away in 2017 aged 59. Most people were indeed convinced that then 17 years old Pelosi had indeed murdered Pasolini in self-defense, since the poet, writer, director was an avowed homosexual who was known to accompany himself with male prostitutes (bear in mind that Pasolini arrived in the outskirts of Rome in 1950, and the city's peripheric areas were slums no different than those in Third World countries until the 1980s). Nobody ever considered the fact that it was downright impossible for skinny, diminutive, 17 years old Pelosi to overpower 53 years old, 185 cm tall, muscular, excellent swimmer and semiprofessional football player Pasolini. But those were the 'Lead Years' (lead as in Pb, the letal chemical element used in b*llets), a contradictory period where Italy was in great development, but political tensions were very high, and saw the activity of left wing terrorists and right wing carnages, not to mention the international situation (Greece, Chile, Argentina, Vietnam).
    Thanks for this video!

    • @lowandodor1150
      @lowandodor1150 5 місяців тому +5

      What a great comment, thank you from Vienna!
      Oh, do you perhaps know this one documentary film about Pasolini by TV station Arte? I believe it has "Rome" in the title and i saw it about 10 years ago. It is in black & white and it is written in the form of talking directly to him.
      I got interrupted watching it towards the end, i believe it is pretty long and i remember i was so fascinated by it, due to a few of the points you also mentioned in your comment.
      I would really appreciate any tips or hints of where i could find that film, mille grazie!

    • @lowandodor1150
      @lowandodor1150 5 місяців тому +5

      "Pasolini - Passion Roma" is what it is called, but i can't find it anywhere.

    • @Experternas
      @Experternas 5 місяців тому +2

      You clearly has a very poor catalog of film knowledge. I hate the fact that you bundle Cannibal Holocaust, A Serbian Film, Martyrs, I am the Devil as being on par. If we use those particular films I would say that cannibal holocaust is similar to Texas Chainsaw massacre since Censor actually derived from that movie while Cannibal ended up in court defending it as being a film rather than snuff. Martyrs (original) is in no way the same snuff as A Serbian film which is the one closest to Salo from this list. that film was also most likely more of a self arousing porn material for the director than anything else just like Salo was the coprophagia heaven. Finally "I am the devil" I mean, did you refer to "I saw the devil" by Jee-woon Kim or is it some slim student film you're talking about?

    • @citylights8678
      @citylights8678 4 місяці тому +1

      A bunch of Modern Art connoisseurs I see what great taste you have

    • @Experternas
      @Experternas 4 місяці тому

      taste is subjective and irrelevant@@citylights8678

  • @amniote69
    @amniote69 6 місяців тому +221

    During my first year at university, there was a Pasolini season at the local art cinema. That's where I saw Salo. To my mind, the extremes of the film obscure it's message, not least because it's really not the kind of thing that you want to rewatch. My favourite film from the season was "Theorem", starring the uncannily beautiful Terrence Stamp as a stranger whose influence on the members of a bourgeois Italian family is used as an iconoclastic allegory.

    • @elizabethroberts6215
      @elizabethroberts6215 5 місяців тому +5

      ……Terrence Stamp was brilliant as Sgt Frank Troy, in film, ‘Far From the Madding Crowd’. The book, by Thomas Hardy, was my set-book for Grades XI & XII……loved it………his writing so fascinated me, I went on to read other books’ by him, ‘The Mayor of Casterbridge’, ‘Jude the Obscure’, & ‘Tess of d’Ubervilles’……all brilliant………

    • @postmodernrecycler
      @postmodernrecycler 5 місяців тому +9

      Teorema is a fascinating film. Both Stamp and Silvana Mangano are incredible and mysterious in it.

    • @pushingthroughthepaperthin9616
      @pushingthroughthepaperthin9616 5 місяців тому +1

      I watched it a number of times.
      But that probably says more about me then it does about the movie.

    • @donkeywhistler
      @donkeywhistler 5 місяців тому

      sounds like LVT

    • @milascave2
      @milascave2 5 місяців тому +2

      @@postmodernrecycler It is indeed.
      And, did you know that it was the inspiration for the movie "Down and out in Beverly Hills?"
      Not that they were anything alike, mind you.

  • @Brian-sh5ne
    @Brian-sh5ne 6 місяців тому +96

    If anyone is interested in the subject of Pasolini portrayed in music, Scott Walker has a song called Farmer in the City about the man and uses Pasolini's poetry in some of the lyrics. It's a hauntingly beautiful song.

    • @numskul
      @numskul 6 місяців тому +6

      Morrissey references him in the song, “you have killed me”.
      Pasolini is me
      'Accattone' you'll be
      I entered nothing and nothing entered me
      'Til you came with the key

    • @Brian-sh5ne
      @Brian-sh5ne 6 місяців тому +3

      I haven't heard that one. I'll have to listen

    • @kalamar2
      @kalamar2 6 місяців тому +5

      love Scott Walker, thanks for the tip

    • @Here4TheHeckOfIt
      @Here4TheHeckOfIt 6 місяців тому

      Thanks for the tip!

    • @buschovski1
      @buschovski1 6 місяців тому +1

      Yeah, i know the song. I had no clue what it was about. Tilts a decent listen. You ever listen to Bish Bosch? That album is really crazy

  • @giovanna722
    @giovanna722 6 місяців тому +333

    I haven't seen the movie but, of course, have known about it for decades. The recent findings in the Long Island serial killer case, which reveal the rich and powerful and their sordid connection to the deaths of prostitutes recently led me to think of Salo, and look it up. I assume that's why I got this channel in my feed. Excellent, well narrated essay on a great man. Thank you!

    • @mikepalmer2219
      @mikepalmer2219 6 місяців тому +43

      And Epstein’s island.

    • @lilv3966
      @lilv3966 6 місяців тому +16

      Once you watch it you’ll think about it for decades after

    • @Corsicanario
      @Corsicanario 6 місяців тому +5

      ​@@lilv3966U ain't lyin

    • @vfxtutswithdan1893
      @vfxtutswithdan1893 6 місяців тому +8

      I wouldn't recommend it.

    • @gleichuberndeich25813
      @gleichuberndeich25813 6 місяців тому +11

      So true. I watched it years ago, around my 40's or somewhere along that line, because I was curious. I still wish I hadn't been. After nearly two decades having watched it, some scenes still haunt me. It was awful, terrifying, cruel. Would never want to watch it again neither recommend it.

  • @Corsicanario
    @Corsicanario 6 місяців тому +27

    I grew up in NYC. There was a video store on St. Marks Place in the East Village called Kim's video. I was a movie buff my whole life. I was about 17. I used to go in there and talk to the guy who worked there, a gigantic Puerto Rican dude who knew practically every movie ever released (or so it seemed) i woulf go in and ask him to recommend disturbing films. He put me on to A Clockwork Orange. I went back and told him it was dark, but not dark enough and if he had something that would really hit me hard. He pulled a video out from behind the counter that was not on the shelf. It was Salo. He said he probably shouldn't show this to me but i convinced him. I took it home and popped the VHS into the VCR. What I saw never left me. I'm both glad I saw it, but part of me wishes I didnt. If you havent seen it, be prepared to have your brain seered. Whats crazy is that people have and still do those things in real life. Ive never been affected like that by anything. Its not for the faint of heart.

    • @leeoshea2290
      @leeoshea2290 3 місяці тому +3

      it's more like a documentary
      all the puppet masters play these games
      where do you think a lot of missing people end up

    • @thedalillama3143
      @thedalillama3143 3 місяці тому

      Salo es malo

    • @bro.charles
      @bro.charles 3 місяці тому +3

      Wow. The film is that disturbing? How would you rate it as compared to the uncensored version of Caligula?
      Side note: I remember Kim's Video! And what about the spot that used to be on Bleecker in the village? They had all the great foreign films on video

    • @applejellypucci
      @applejellypucci 2 місяці тому

      ​@@bro.charlesI found it much worse than Caligula uncensored

  • @curtisdaniel9294
    @curtisdaniel9294 6 місяців тому +90

    I saw this upon a recommendation from a friend. His only explanation was , " you need to watch this." I did, but it took me few days to get through it. Too much in one sitting. This was in the days before the internet and trying to find some background on th film was not easy. Your video essay is very good, and gives me the necessary details about the film and its creator. Even if it brought back some sad and disturbing memories, I would like to say thanks.

    • @egay86292
      @egay86292 4 місяці тому

      can't handle sad and disturbing, Virginia?

    • @AthelstanKing
      @AthelstanKing 3 місяці тому

      why would you intentionally consume such garbage in a life where you wont even have enough time to see all the actual good films lol. Deranged masochism @@egay86292

  • @rachelblake2350
    @rachelblake2350 6 місяців тому +462

    I watched this movie when I was a teenager. I don't really know why. I went through a very brief period where I wanted to see some messed up shit. I can recall watching A Serbian Film at that time too. Looking back, this seems really out of character for me. I think I was literally just looking for something gross and graphic, and I was not expecting something artistic and deliberate and philosophically charged. It caught me off guard, and is the reason this film stuck with me over the other trash that I watched in that brief window of my life.

    • @keithmockett3810
      @keithmockett3810 6 місяців тому +11

      appreciate your honesty! Keith xxx

    • @adambazso9207
      @adambazso9207 6 місяців тому +23

      @@dees9478 I completely agree. Art, I mean fresh art should be always somewhat rebellious and criticizing the status quo and embedded power-structures. I watched just few of Pasolinis films, he maybe provoked society on purpose too, just for the sake of it, but always had deeper, darker and philosophical truths in his work. I remember watching "A Thousand and One Nights", where in a scene one of the characters cuts off the limbs and then the head of a female character. That truly shocked me and stayed with me.

    • @MrScratch69
      @MrScratch69 6 місяців тому +18

      I had a similar experience when I watched Irreversible. That movie screwed me up for several days - I didn't sleep for a couple of nights and I still haven't forgotten the day I saw it. Not until I read about the production of that movie did I get over the level of violence portrayed in it. It's a brilliant concept that they pulled of very well but boy it's a rough one.

    • @juniorjames7076
      @juniorjames7076 6 місяців тому +26

      Well as a horny pre-teen in the late 1980s, I knew EXACTLY what I was getting when I rented this from Blockbuster Video. Too young to rent from the XXX section of video stores, I learned that 1970s (eurotrash) foreign films (especially Italy, France and Greece) were the next best thing. Directors like Tinto Brass and Jesus Franco, or the Emmanuelle films, but once in awhile, aside from gratuitous sex and nudity, some of these films had intellectually/artistically though provoking elements.

    • @thing_under_the_stairs
      @thing_under_the_stairs 6 місяців тому +14

      @@MrScratch69 'Irreversible' isn't even the most disturbing of Garpar Noe's films, at least in my opinion. 'I Stand Alone' left me in a deeply depressed state for a few weeks, though I take that on myself, as it was rented out at the time with a warning on the cover that it is not suitable for people who are prone to depression! I figured that since I'd been warned, I could handle it, more the fool was I. As for 'Irreversible', having some acting training in the past helped me to get through that one notoriously long, single shot scene in the middle. Being able to focus on the incredible skill of the actors, particularly Monica Bellucci's remarkable strength and emotive ability, allowed me to detach from what was actually being portrayed onscreen.

  • @anthonydimichele837
    @anthonydimichele837 6 місяців тому +141

    Long ago Salo was shown at the Seattle film festival and they handed out "vomit bags" to all who entered the theater! I had a hard time watching it. But I think your analysis of it as a condemnation of consumerism is spot on.

    • @countfloydschillerhorrorth2090
      @countfloydschillerhorrorth2090 6 місяців тому +8

      The hilarity is that making movies is all about selling it to the consumer. I'm guessing how cheap it was, that he probably could have made it from his wallet and just showed it free as a home movie. But if this has ever been done. You can bet your life it was done just so the director could stroke his own ego.
      Anyone tell you something is free. you best be getting on your way.

    • @kenw2225
      @kenw2225 6 місяців тому +4

      Isn't youtube free?

    • @derealized797
      @derealized797 6 місяців тому

      @@kenw2225 Ad supported

    • @maymalone1505
      @maymalone1505 6 місяців тому +7

      This is about Humanity gone berserk and very evil,

    • @21stcenturyozman20
      @21stcenturyozman20 6 місяців тому +4

      Some folk must have weak stomachs! I've watched Salo a few times, usually while eating a meal.

  • @GreenshirtMr1023
    @GreenshirtMr1023 4 місяці тому +35

    I once told an Italian girl at a party that I admired Pasolini's work and she side eyed me and said "oh, you know about Pasolini"

    • @sybill123ful
      @sybill123ful 4 місяці тому +5

      surely this happened. and if it did it’s cause she thinks ur a predator

  • @ewarrior9776
    @ewarrior9776 5 місяців тому +24

    I have never watched Salo because of Passolini's use of child abuse. I know that the abuse is a metaphor for Fascist Italy, but I can't deal because of my own history. I've watched plenty of disturbing media but this one will always be a hard pass.

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому +5

      These were not children in Salo. I believe they were all of what would be considered legal age.

    • @sybill123ful
      @sybill123ful 4 місяці тому +4

      @@kingy002ain’t no way ,. you like… tried to miss the point they were making. it doesn’t matter if adults played the kids, why do y’all wanna see such insane depictions of child abuse even if it’s fictional? so many directors have made movies where there are metaphor characters for dictators or evil people; they didn’t have to make the characters be literal children to do that. that’s just the director wanting to make it weird. you could easily do this same story but with adults in the “kids” places, because adults can be taken advantage of too, if you need to use children in order to make an audience feel empathy, then maybe you should just write a better movie that naturally makes people feel what the messaging wants them to.

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому +1

      @@sybill123ful None of these characters were played by kids. The actors were all in their late teens. 18 to 20 year olds.

    • @Walamonga1313
      @Walamonga1313 4 місяці тому +2

      ​@@sybill123fulThe characters weren't kids tho?

    • @atmosfear3056
      @atmosfear3056 4 місяці тому +6

      People seem to clearly overlook how SOME people will take in this film and purposely ignore the actual meaning and just enjoy the depravity taking place in the movie. This is why movies like this are trash. This movie is like a stepping stone for pedoes and sexual predators out there. The actual ARTISTIC meaning is lost on most viewers. Yes it's well directed it's shot well. Production was great...but the story no matter how metaphorical it is supposed to be....is trash. With all that said. This dude should have not been killed over this garbage he manifested.

  • @zadehgenerous9331
    @zadehgenerous9331 6 місяців тому +22

    This was an absolutely excellent video essay. This popped up in my feed on my lunch break and it had me thinking " what was the video that had me sub to this channel?" ... and then I got lost in the content. So good.

  • @tumblebugspace
    @tumblebugspace 5 місяців тому +8

    Wow. Thank you for this documentary, young man! From a Gen X-er who’s never heard of this director before. ☮️❤️🐾

  • @ivyho3115
    @ivyho3115 6 місяців тому +44

    Thank you so much. My husband and I were big Pasolini fans in our youth. Even now, his works are uniquely daring, memorable and irreplaceable

    • @jimjones1130
      @jimjones1130 6 місяців тому

      Degenerates huh?

    • @monicaangelini3324
      @monicaangelini3324 5 місяців тому

      Totally agree. I'm a fan!

    • @jimjones1130
      @jimjones1130 5 місяців тому

      @@monicaangelini3324 and another. How anyone could sit through that is beyond me, I tried twice, and have seen snippets - it needs to be erased, memory holed

  • @trelard
    @trelard 5 місяців тому +16

    Bit of background: I was born in the UK in the late 1970's and was of an age where the "Video Nasties" scare imprinted certain defiant principles when I was a child. Namely, tell me I can't see or hear something, I'm going to use a phrase with the acronym F.O.. The first time I watched Salo, it was a circus of depravity that left me feeling sick. I rewatched it a few decades later and was able to discern and separate from the visuals presented. What I found is this: Unchained power is a recipe for delusional power. Victimhood is offered by the powerful towards the weak as a means of survival, even if that survival can be measured in minutes. The truly powerful are those who refuse the whims of the 'powerful', even at the risk of death. It's a common truth throughout history, and nothing scares the 'powerful' more. They MUST have total subservience. They will NEVER have it.

    • @joebowl8315
      @joebowl8315 5 місяців тому +1

      They have had it longer than you will ever realize.

  • @hattorihanzo2275
    @hattorihanzo2275 6 місяців тому +10

    I was in Bologna last summer. I was not aware Pasolini was from Bologna. I saw banners about a Pasolini in a square. The power of WiFi allowed me to discover I was a few minutes walk to his childhood home.

  • @PedroDominguesunus
    @PedroDominguesunus 6 місяців тому +64

    Wonderful and well researched video. Thank you for keeping him alive.

    • @Yet333
      @Yet333 5 місяців тому +2

      Have to throw in a 🤖c-ment to counter balance the fact this film was 💩

    • @Syncrotron9001
      @Syncrotron9001 3 місяці тому

      He missed a big clue. Dudes initials are 3 Ps, what number does that look like? He was filming a movie about a biblical location. Somethings up here.

    • @user-jm4ih8wb7e
      @user-jm4ih8wb7e 2 місяці тому

      Pasolini sexually assaulted a 15 yr old boy. Why do u want him kept alive? I thought u guys hated men that sexually assaulted boys

    • @user-xr5hp3vy3q
      @user-xr5hp3vy3q 2 місяці тому

      Why do you like Pasolini? He had a relationship with a 15 yr old boy. You guys hat men that go out naked around kids at pride parades so u should hate men like Pasolini too

  • @theunsweetkarmaway9616
    @theunsweetkarmaway9616 6 місяців тому +67

    This is one of the better analyses of 'Salo' that I have seen. I have spent years studying this film and the life of Pasolini. I don't find too many cinephiles with whom I can discuss this film, but I gravitate to perspectives like this. Excellent.

    • @lowandodor1150
      @lowandodor1150 5 місяців тому +1

      May i ask, do you perhaps know the Arte documentary about him? It is in black & white, written in the style of talking directly to him and i saw this about 10 years ago. I believe it has "Rome" in the title. That's all that i know about it, besides of course being really fascinated by it and towards the end i was interrupted watching it, which is why i only have this rather vague memory of it. Would really appreciate any hints or tips of where i could find it or if you know it, thank you.

    • @lowandodor1150
      @lowandodor1150 5 місяців тому +1

      "Pasoloni - Passion Roma" is the title but i cannot find it anywhere.

    • @louise_rose
      @louise_rose 4 місяці тому +1

      Extraordinary conversation in 1968 between Pasolini and Ezra Pound (in Italian of course, and without subs): ua-cam.com/video/Y3v2t5LYP-8/v-deo.html

    • @Syncrotron9001
      @Syncrotron9001 3 місяці тому

      Pier Paolo Pasolini: His initials are 3 upside down 6s. He was "ended" while filming a movie about a religious location. Too big to be coincidence.

    • @lowandodor1150
      @lowandodor1150 3 місяці тому

      PPP = 666 upside down! You are a genius!@@Syncrotron9001

  • @Takeshi357
    @Takeshi357 5 місяців тому +15

    Me, seeing the title: "This is going to be about Salo, isn't it?
    Video: *Rome*
    Me: "Yup, it's Salo."

  • @gjk2012
    @gjk2012 6 місяців тому +27

    The movie could be quite literal disguised as metaphorical. What some elites do behind closed doors or on an "Island".

    • @Simultaneousflesh
      @Simultaneousflesh 6 місяців тому

      An "Epstein Island" ? You might say ?

    • @remotefaith
      @remotefaith 6 місяців тому

      How do you know?

    • @evemaria37
      @evemaria37 6 місяців тому +1

      Absolutely.

    • @nicmart
      @nicmart 6 місяців тому +1

      Literal disguised as metaphorical. 🤪

    • @a.m.armstrong8354
      @a.m.armstrong8354 6 місяців тому +1

      ​@@remotefaithHow do you not know? Ask Ghislaine Maxwell, bro..

  • @davidfruechting7771
    @davidfruechting7771 6 місяців тому +18

    This is an absolutely excellent analysis of Pasolini -- his life, artistry, and death -- and his brilliant, disturbing film "Salo". I watched every frame of his brutally indicting last movie when it was first released.

  • @SakuraAsranArt
    @SakuraAsranArt 6 місяців тому +2

    This video came up in my recommended and I only clicked on it because the thumbnail was so striking. I am so glad I did!

  • @mateusgreenwood1096
    @mateusgreenwood1096 5 місяців тому +36

    No matter what Saló makes you feel, you should realize much worse things happened in real life and in every country.

    • @maazkalim
      @maazkalim 4 місяці тому +1

      Wish to elaborate?
      In as many words as you require.

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому

      @@maazkalim Polpot, Amin, Stalin, Hitler.... the list is endless of murderers and regimes that exploited people for the benefit of them staying in power, to line their own pockets, and to play out their ideological ideas. How you could even ask the question is fuckin' beyond me.

    • @ninab.4540
      @ninab.4540 4 місяці тому +4

      ​@@maazkalimUse your imagination. People can be evil when they want to.

    • @maazkalim
      @maazkalim 4 місяці тому

      Do you represent the OP, or are their sock-puppet, "@@ninab.4540"?

    • @sybill123ful
      @sybill123ful 4 місяці тому +2

      the way some of you are using actual human suffering to deflect how shit this movie is, is insane

  • @davidmcmaster2083
    @davidmcmaster2083 6 місяців тому +172

    Never forget renting Salo at a video store, back in the day when we all rented VHS tapes, and the employees were commenting about me while processing my order. I musta been the only 'weirdo' to ever rent that flick. Can't deny that I'm a weirdo.

    • @clarencewalker3925
      @clarencewalker3925 6 місяців тому +37

      The world would a boring place without weirdos.

    • @elricofmelnibone425
      @elricofmelnibone425 6 місяців тому +14

      Bro you both have failed the vibe check.

    • @CountlessPWNZ
      @CountlessPWNZ 6 місяців тому

      ​@@elricofmelnibone425according to who? some zoomer fuck?

    • @davidmcmaster2083
      @davidmcmaster2083 6 місяців тому +8

      @@elricofmelnibone425 That's a bummer. Not groovy failing the vibe check.

    • @davidmcmaster2083
      @davidmcmaster2083 6 місяців тому +5

      @@clarencewalker3925 No truer statement ever uttered.

  • @elderberry-hamster
    @elderberry-hamster 6 місяців тому +9

    I knew right away from the title that it was Salo. That is one disturbing flick. The ending will haunt you if you never saw it before. Crazy stuff.

    • @Bout_TreeFiddy
      @Bout_TreeFiddy 6 місяців тому +1

      I haven't been able to finish the film. I saw about 30mins of it over 10 years ago.

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому

      Nothing haunting in it whatsoever.

    • @raptorcheesus
      @raptorcheesus 4 місяці тому +1

      i found the ending really abrupt as in "that was it?". the gore and depravity wasnt much of an issue but it is insane to think that it was an actual movie made in 1975

  • @seattleareatom
    @seattleareatom 4 місяці тому

    Thank you! for a powerful video about an even more powerful film and human being. When I saw Salo at a film festival in Seattle in the 1970s many people yelled in protest and walked out.

  • @littlebigplanet321
    @littlebigplanet321 2 місяці тому

    Ty so much for making this. This was beautiful

  • @scottlangley5596
    @scottlangley5596 6 місяців тому +36

    Powerful stuff, man. I'm having an intense emotional and intellectual reaction to the story and your analysis, which is really well done. It balances thought and feeling in a way that I won't soon forget. Thank-you.

    • @seanperrydj
      @seanperrydj 4 місяці тому

      Hooey !! This film was a failure and this narrator an apologist for a film that espouses to be about pointing out depravity of the elite and the powerful but is to my eyes and ears the exact kind of film the masses ignore and the rich and poweful play in the background of their eyes wide shut party’s

  • @R4lee444
    @R4lee444 6 місяців тому +6

    The final quote about death and meaning of life really hit... thank you for this video.

  • @s.m.assies6448
    @s.m.assies6448 6 місяців тому +19

    On a note: Salo I saw in the 80s in a filmhouse in Amsterdam, I was 20-somthing and actually it's not a movie you want to see when you're that young. Or any age problably. It's a very dark, pessimistic take on the nature of mankind and especially on fascism and men in power.

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому

      All the more reason to watch it. I find that there is nothing offensive in the film, and it gets closer to reality that we really care to admit. The behavior and activities depicted have been played out across human history endlessly by the powerful and rich. People who kill their enemies and act out their sexual fantasies' because they have the power and resources to do it.

    • @ninab.4540
      @ninab.4540 4 місяці тому

      ​​@@kingy002Sexy Beast and this movie are the closest to what happened on Epstein island on film

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому

      @@ninab.4540 Neither you or I know that for a fact, so no point in letting our minds run away with the idea.

    • @musicdunc
      @musicdunc 4 місяці тому

      @@ninab.4540i’ve seen Sexy Beast several times and have quite enjoyed it. The film with Ben Kingsley as a mob hired thief with sadistic tendencies who is brought in for a heist correct? What’s this film’s connection with Salo or Epstein’s vile crimes?

    • @COURRUPTIONCOIN
      @COURRUPTIONCOIN Місяць тому

      He's ( Narrator ) positing the term , Libertine'.........( It's from DeSade...)

  • @harrychapin808
    @harrychapin808 6 місяців тому +73

    I have this film 🎥. He was probably assassinated by HIGH LEVEL OFFICIALS... because the film was about PAST HIGH LEVEL OFFICIALS COMMITTING EXTREMELY PERVERTED CRIMES against "young innocent people." ONE can only imagine what TRULY OCCURRED on EPSTEIN'S ISLAND 🏝... or what still OCCURS IN "BOHEMIAN GROVE." The film is brilliant regarding the DEPRAVATIVE treatment of INNOCENT HUMAN BEINGS by the RICH & POWERFUL.

    • @Dulcestudio95
      @Dulcestudio95 6 місяців тому +6

      Must suck being naive friend

    • @elizabethr.110
      @elizabethr.110 6 місяців тому +5

      ​@@Dulcestudio95ikr.. a tad unhinged as well. Not a good combo.

    • @raghailligh1080
      @raghailligh1080 6 місяців тому +13

      @@elizabethr.110 Gotta LOVE the RANDOM capitalizations THOUGH. Comedy GOLD.

    • @derealized797
      @derealized797 6 місяців тому

      Well at least he doesn't believe that men can get pregnant. The most ridiculous conspiracy theory I've heard recently was that Donald Trump was a "Russian Asset"... i mean, the people who believed that, rioted looted and burned cities for over 4 years, calling it "peaceful protest".

    • @MsDormy
      @MsDormy 5 місяців тому

      Yes indeed - what do the undying ‘elite’ pervs get up to? Is adreno chrome really worth going to hell for?

  • @AutonymousTube
    @AutonymousTube 5 місяців тому +74

    Great film, that shows the depravity of when people have absolute power over others. It is hard to stomach. But I don’t think anything in it is worse than actually things that have happened in reality. So I don’t consider the extremeness of it unnecessary,just an artistic choice.

    • @dragon___
      @dragon___ 4 місяці тому

      yes, pasolini and his writers really didnt adapt too much of the sexual depravities from the original manuscript from de sade because it was way too extreme and unnecessary to ever show on film. just ideas that symbolize actual happenings in the power dynamic of the state and society that he think is disgusting

    • @sybill123ful
      @sybill123ful 4 місяці тому

      bro what…… if you needed to see such gross visual aids like implied child p0rn in a shitty fictional movie, in order to see inhumanity. you are part of the inhumane.

    • @jimbeam-ru1my
      @jimbeam-ru1my 4 місяці тому

      "Great film""
      Said no one ever but you. what's your malfunction? Only people with deep psychosis like murder porn propaganda.

  • @dk60ish
    @dk60ish 6 місяців тому +21

    In the early 80's I watched an indie theater double bill of "The Canterbury Tales" (1972) & "The Arabian Nights" (1974) when I was in college, which were both fun, colorful, & lighthearted in nature; I only learned later of his more controversial films & murder.😂

    • @COURRUPTIONCOIN
      @COURRUPTIONCOIN Місяць тому

      Was said ; Pasolini told us fantasy's...and then he ...told us the truth..."

  • @JuanRodriguez-rb6zm
    @JuanRodriguez-rb6zm 3 дні тому

    This was a wonderful video essay. Fantastic job! Thank you

  • @chuckthebull
    @chuckthebull 6 місяців тому +52

    I can't speak for italy but i imagine that Pasolini would recoil in horror to witness what places like America has turned into where corporate control and greed is soaked into every single institution and its government is corrupted to its very core.. how tragic and ironic and proof of point for him to die at the hands of the very people he was portraying in his last film..

    • @Bout_TreeFiddy
      @Bout_TreeFiddy 6 місяців тому +3

      no doubt

    • @a.m.armstrong8354
      @a.m.armstrong8354 6 місяців тому

      America has turned into? America is spiritual corruption erected upon virgin soil.

    • @chuckthebull
      @chuckthebull 5 місяців тому

      Two replies and only one visible? Ah you tube following the same pattern of fascist censorship. Pasolini would also need to make a film about you tube scμmmy tactics

    • @bench175
      @bench175 2 місяці тому

      Corporations are good they support black lives matter

    • @user-jm4ih8wb7e
      @user-jm4ih8wb7e 2 місяці тому

      @@Bout_TreeFiddyPasolini was a child predator that assaulted an underage teen boy. Why are u acting like he’s a good guy? He did the things in this movie

  • @alexandrerichard6057
    @alexandrerichard6057 6 місяців тому +55

    Fascism and snuff/paedophilia in the higher ranks of society is a connection that rarely gets mentionned. A system that constantly creates new ennemies needs people at the top that are capable of dehumanizing anyone. Wanton acts of violent sex are often used as a rite of passage, a ceremonial means of extracting kompromat and ensure that no one at the top leaves the group with a guilty conscience.

    • @tonywords6713
      @tonywords6713 6 місяців тому +13

      100% this!! Whitney Webb "One Nation Under Blackmail"

    • @ljubomirculibrk4097
      @ljubomirculibrk4097 6 місяців тому +8

      Same did the BND in West Germany, molesting minors. Politicians and influental people where abusing orphans which where under protection of catholic church, church was a part of the crime.
      Wery dark and disqusting...

    • @LTPottenger
      @LTPottenger 6 місяців тому

      Globalists you mean, going on right now as well.

    • @user-tm8jt2py3d
      @user-tm8jt2py3d 6 місяців тому +9

      When everything is referred to as fascism, nothing is

    • @evemaria37
      @evemaria37 6 місяців тому +7

      Where is the Gyslaine Maxwell list???

  • @vincentshadetree
    @vincentshadetree 6 місяців тому +6

    Wow. That was a very impressive video essay. Master class analysis sir. I'm subscribing so I can hear more from you 😎

  • @andymcquade
    @andymcquade 3 місяці тому

    This was such a good and well-thought out examination that it almost makes me want to watch Salo again. Almost, but not quite.
    Subscribed to the channel.

  • @ElSantoLuchador
    @ElSantoLuchador 6 місяців тому +13

    I was in Amsterdam when Theo Van Gogh was shot, got his throat slit, and had a note pinned to his body. He's Moroccan/Dutch and made a film critical of Islam. It all happened on the street in broad daylight. Anyone that's controversial will always have enemies.

  • @noheroespublishing1907
    @noheroespublishing1907 6 місяців тому +13

    Almost makes me think he was a victim of "Operation Gladio".

    • @mynameismynameis666
      @mynameismynameis666 6 місяців тому +7

      almost? most def!initely. probably even US/vatican ordered.

    • @noheroespublishing1907
      @noheroespublishing1907 6 місяців тому +4

      @@mynameismynameis666 Wouldn't surprise me to learn if it was true.

    • @hattorihanzo2275
      @hattorihanzo2275 6 місяців тому

      ​@@mynameismynameis666Vatican? Maybe but Pasolini was nothing in the eyes of US.

    • @mynameismynameis666
      @mynameismynameis666 6 місяців тому

      no he was. he was an italian communist with a public image and as such a prime target of the murder campaign that was gladio/"strategy of tension" (which was assisted, consulted and perpetrated by US OSS/CI, MAFIA &NAZI WARCRIMINALS against their political opponents WORLDWIDE) and this is also why his murder was so public and gruesome@@hattorihanzo2275

    • @johngayder9249
      @johngayder9249 6 місяців тому +1

      @@hattorihanzo2275The Americans/nato did not want Italy to elect a left wing government lest it then get too cozy with the Russians. Gladio conducted outrages and then blamed left wingers in order to encourage increased empowerment of the “conservatives” to “protect society”.

  • @stella3265
    @stella3265 6 місяців тому +9

    Thank you for the documentary. You just upped my film I.Q 1 point. Love Anna Magnani.

    • @barrymoore4470
      @barrymoore4470 6 місяців тому +2

      Magnani starred in Pasolini's 1962 feature 'Mamma Roma', my favorite Pasolini film.

    • @giovanna722
      @giovanna722 6 місяців тому +1

      @@barrymoore4470 Mine, too.

  • @Greenwood13
    @Greenwood13 3 місяці тому +2

    This was such a beautiful video essay! I read 120 days of Sodom a few years ago and was truly enlightened by it. A different beast in terms of literature and psychology. I haven't seen Salò yet and knew very little about Pasolini, but found this video very informative and enjoyable 👍🏻

  • @user-fs5sx2uh2h
    @user-fs5sx2uh2h 4 місяці тому +3

    this reminds me of another ''artista'' who got murdered for his craft, Chalino Sanchez, murdered on May 16, 1992, for singing about the drug cartel.

  • @The_Modeling_Underdog
    @The_Modeling_Underdog 6 місяців тому +3

    Excellent video, mate. He wasn't too far off. To the contrary. People just have to search for all the news on Berlusconi's behaviour a couple of decades ago - prehistoric endeavour in these fast times - to see Pasolini's accusation of the rich and powerful vindicated.

  • @eversosleight
    @eversosleight 6 місяців тому +17

    I've seen a lot of coverage and reviews on Salo but never heard this story behind the film maker.

  • @Nefylym
    @Nefylym 5 місяців тому +2

    Thank you for this introspective introduction. I look forward to viewing the DeFoe film.

  • @quaktoons331
    @quaktoons331 5 місяців тому +3

    Thanks for the video. It's just what I needed.

  • @Sophnar0747
    @Sophnar0747 6 місяців тому +5

    Good work on this one, you continue to impress.

  • @JeffreyDeCristofaro
    @JeffreyDeCristofaro 6 місяців тому +43

    Certainly not an easy film to watch, let alone like - I had to brave a second viewing before officially calling that a sufficiency - but when one particular filmmaker makes a film that was not only controversial from the onset and was banned, but was also mainly if not wholly responsible for his assassination... man, he REALLY made something significant!

    • @DogeickBateman
      @DogeickBateman 6 місяців тому +6

      Almost as if people didn't want someone with that depraved a mind walking in society

    • @francisdec1615
      @francisdec1615 6 місяців тому

      @@DogeickBateman You're a real NPC. You don't realize that the bastards he depicted in the film were 10000 *worse* than himself. Even the Marquise de Sade himself was probably writing the novel to show that the "elite" imprisoning him were so much worse. It's not like it's a lie about Catholic priests raping young boys or that Epstein "committed suicide" in a high security jail in central NYC and Ghislaine Maxwell got 20 years, while all those buying young girls from them got away. And in Austria in the early 1800s there was an aristocrat similar to the Duke in Salò, who was chronically impotent but raped small girls with a giant leather dildo, killing two of them but getting away with it, since he was protected by the Emperor himself. The Swedish chemist Carl Palmstedt told his friend and colleague Jöns Jacob Berzelius this in a letter. And in Sweden itself high politicians were buying sex from girls under 15, when this movie was made, and they got away with it too and didn't even have their careers destroyed.

    • @Here4TheHeckOfIt
      @Here4TheHeckOfIt 6 місяців тому +21

      Or exposing a truth, which is far more of a threat than depravity.

    • @DogeickBateman
      @DogeickBateman 6 місяців тому +1

      @@Here4TheHeckOfIt 🤓

    • @danielhayes3607
      @danielhayes3607 6 місяців тому

      Weak

  • @grazstarr
    @grazstarr 2 місяці тому +2

    This was amazing thank you for your work!

  • @babbarr77
    @babbarr77 4 місяці тому +3

    Pasolini was right about how consumerism destroyed Italian culture....French culture...Chinese Culture..Japanese Culture etc.

    • @sybill123ful
      @sybill123ful 4 місяці тому

      was he right about the young boys he r4ped

  • @bev9708
    @bev9708 6 місяців тому +16

    A truly FASCINATING study you've written here!!! Thanks so much, AND for watching the film for us also so we don't have to!! Never have nor ever want to see the film, but it's certainly clearly got something important to say and I find studying it and Pasolini's brave intentions endlessly interesting!!!

    • @JohnMoseley
      @JohnMoseley 6 місяців тому +2

      I didn't really find it that hard to watch, but a guy I knew who saw it when he was a lot younger, at college, had a kind of nervous breakdown as a result that set him off on a spiritual quests through various Buddhist retreats and the like. At the point when I reconnected with him, he was still doing this and seemed very much at ease.

    • @barrymoore4470
      @barrymoore4470 6 місяців тому +3

      @@JohnMoseleyI also saw the film while in college, at age nineteen, at a special repertory screening. The movie haunted me for quite a while afterwards, though I was convinced that it was an artistic masterpiece. But the depiction of the depths of depravity to which people can descend really disturbed me. I even had a panic attack at a rock concert I attended later that same year, sensing the mindless brutality to which we human beings are prone. I still think about the movie frequently, though it doesn't distress me to the same degree anymore.

    • @hoibsh21
      @hoibsh21 6 місяців тому +3

      I've seen the film. Let's just say you will never eat chocolate cake again after seeing it.

    • @xenophagia
      @xenophagia 6 місяців тому

      ​@@barrymoore4470 Well it's a good thing that you haven't been exposed to any of the countless videos - which are so easily accessible & plastered all over the Internet - that depict, and immortalize the depths of depravity acted out by real people, on real people.

  • @CheckThatBook
    @CheckThatBook Місяць тому +3

    Here I was, researching Pasolini & listening intently to your video, thinking to myself: "Damn, wouldn't it be great to make an autobiographical film." I even thought of Dafoe as a lead for a moment. And - whoa! On the thirteenth minute of your video I discover that such film already exists, and Dafoe in the main role to boot. I got goosebumps.
    Thank you for this video! I will soon be doing a psychological introduction to Marquis de Sade's book on my channel - to all of those interested - check it out ;)
    Thank you once again for such an informative video! +sub

  • @noone.1711
    @noone.1711 5 місяців тому

    This is the best review of Pasolini's world I have ever encountered! Thank you!

  • @balletshoes
    @balletshoes 5 місяців тому +6

    For a passionate Marxist and atheist, he does contradict his core ideology - Salo is not e depiction of consumerism, it is a depiction of the depravity of the communist regimes. And life gaining meaning at death is actually very biblical.
    As for Salo, my question is who was this movie made for? The answer - nobody. It was just for Pasolini to symbolically say what he wanted to say, nothing more.

    • @teaCupkk
      @teaCupkk 2 місяці тому

      Did the 60's "counterculture" produce anything beyond loud hacks and hippies? What an amazing era of triumphant self indulgence!

  • @myrnajay2785
    @myrnajay2785 6 місяців тому +10

    Salo, a film I wish I'd never seen. The feces, as disgusting as it all was... it's the ending that is burned in my brain.

    • @BC-qw6jj
      @BC-qw6jj 4 місяці тому +1

      Yeah, that was the toughest part for me. Tried to tell myself it's just movie poop. But who knows...

  • @kierank1982
    @kierank1982 3 дні тому

    Every filmmaker is in Pasolini's shadow. He made the ultimate mic drop final film which artistically but devastatingly summed up his sincere beliefs. When Salo was summited to our censor in England our scissor-happy censor was moved by it and tried to release it but the police seized the film. Pasolini even made censors want to break rules by arguing that his genius was an exception to any censor rules. Bravo for making your video.

  • @kristinechristlieb1383
    @kristinechristlieb1383 5 місяців тому +8

    Another commentator mentioned Pasolini moved to Rome because he was convicted of indecency with a minor, an underage boy. Any thoughts on that?

  • @1mlister
    @1mlister 6 місяців тому +4

    I spent a good 2 thirds of this video thinking "Wow this Pasolini guy really looks like Willem Dafoe"

  • @MsDormy
    @MsDormy 5 місяців тому +3

    If he thought National identity was being eroded in Italy in the fifties, he should have seen what is going on in Britain in post 2020.

  • @kenneththompson8933
    @kenneththompson8933 5 місяців тому +4

    SALO: A debauched immoral shocking film which has no boundaries whatsoever.

  • @jamesbrinner3678
    @jamesbrinner3678 6 місяців тому +18

    watched Salo with a girlfriend as she had to watch it for her University course. Would never have chosen to watch it but glad I did do to its impact on me at the time. yes its deprived, sick and ugly but it does speak a lot of truth

    • @DogeickBateman
      @DogeickBateman 6 місяців тому +5

      The truth that Pasolini was a pervert

    • @jamesbrinner3678
      @jamesbrinner3678 6 місяців тому +7

      and you aren't?@@DogeickBateman

    • @DogeickBateman
      @DogeickBateman 6 місяців тому +1

      @@jamesbrinner3678 Nice projection communist

    • @GROZNAYA
      @GROZNAYA 6 місяців тому

      Probably re-enacted the scat scenes with the old lady. *nudge*

    • @jamesbrinner3678
      @jamesbrinner3678 6 місяців тому

      sounds like you've seen the film quite a few times @@GROZNAYA

  • @swanfibre
    @swanfibre 4 місяці тому +15

    The laughing scene (where one of the prostitutes delivers a sordid monologue) is probably the most haunting thing I've ever seen committed to film.

  • @paulinefriar6916
    @paulinefriar6916 6 місяців тому +5

    That film seems to be unmistakeably prophetic. Just look around, that society is here, now

  • @numbersix8919
    @numbersix8919 6 місяців тому

    I didn't know any of this! Thank you.

  • @Zosima45
    @Zosima45 4 місяці тому +3

    23:24 Willem Defoe's Italian twin. Great information and insight here.

  • @tuyoga1
    @tuyoga1 6 місяців тому +3

    There was another rumour about Pasolini doing research about the oil industry. He was definitely getting on the nerves of some corrupt powerful people.

    • @ukmenon13
      @ukmenon13 5 місяців тому +1

      It seems that was the real reason behind his murder, he was “The Man Who Knew Too Much”!.

  • @mrblitzer8705
    @mrblitzer8705 2 місяці тому

    Nice work. Thought provoking. Kudos to the guy who did the voice.

  • @mtnflyer9859
    @mtnflyer9859 5 місяців тому

    What an interesting dude! Thanks for the video. It was well done and without it I might have never known about Pasolini.

  • @MichaelJoseph-id2lc
    @MichaelJoseph-id2lc 5 місяців тому +7

    I am lucky to have seen this video. It is perhaps the the most beautiful articulation--an irony of ironies--of the ugliest, nasty descriptions of the worse of human nature. What an achievement! Thank you, sir

    • @kingy002
      @kingy002 4 місяці тому

      Well said, Michael. I totally agree with you and find it odd that people cannot watch this remarkable film. There is nothing offensive in it, and it is played out on the world stage on a daily basis.

    • @naglione
      @naglione Місяць тому

      Well said. I agree

  • @therealpinoyhapa
    @therealpinoyhapa 6 місяців тому +23

    This was Pasolini's masterpiece, an excellent interpretation of De Sade's incredibly controversial and disturbing novel.

    • @lucianomezzetta4332
      @lucianomezzetta4332 5 місяців тому +2

      "The Gospel According to Matthew" is his masterpiece.

    • @32f8ks
      @32f8ks 5 місяців тому

      @@lucianomezzetta4332 I think both are equally great. Both absolute masterpieces!

    • @Yet333
      @Yet333 5 місяців тому

      @@32f8ks 🤖

    • @lucaswa
      @lucaswa 5 місяців тому

      ​@lucianomezzetta4332 with out question🤠🤙.

  • @gringosteve7713
    @gringosteve7713 5 місяців тому

    great review / information on PPP and interpretation of salo - many thanks!

  • @kauffrau6764
    @kauffrau6764 5 місяців тому +36

    I remember hearing of this film. I saw a film about Caligula, and read about Tiberius - those images were horrifying. This explanation of Salo was interesting. Pasolini was brave.
    We ask ourselves, do we want to know the depths of human depravity?

    • @Chaundramukhi-Li
      @Chaundramukhi-Li 5 місяців тому +4

      Caligula definitely had horrifying imagery. But i got a good little giggle out of it the scene where Malcolm is talking to his sister and he’s jumping, hopping , and skipping around in the courtyard with his fabrics looking like Peter Pan.

    • @louise_rose
      @louise_rose 4 місяці тому +2

      The scene in "I. Claudius" (the famous tv series was made around the same time) where Caligula kills his own sister, being wholly inside his own fantasies about Jupiter, Semele and the infant Dionysos, is amazing, and it was really at the limit of what could be shown on mainstream tv at the time. John Hurt is extraordinary as Caligula in every scene, and in that particular scene both the nutty fantasies and the stark reality of a murder come alive side by side.

    • @ravenmeyer3740
      @ravenmeyer3740 4 місяці тому

      The depravity of humans is limitless. We all know it, we don’t want to accept it.

    • @sybill123ful
      @sybill123ful 4 місяці тому

      cannibal holocaust handled the message of human depravity better, this movie is as whack as y’all trying to act like it’s good

    • @seguefischlin
      @seguefischlin 3 місяці тому

      Do we? It's happening in Gaza right now. It seems a lot of people still avoid looking at the destruction that is happening in real-time to pretend it is not happening. Evil depends upon such willful ignorance to carry out its dirty work

  • @ahvideplaneet
    @ahvideplaneet 5 місяців тому +6

    "Here is an artist with the courage to relentlessly stand up to corruption" - he was the corruption.

  • @anthonyrussell4888
    @anthonyrussell4888 3 місяці тому +2

    Thank you for opening a door into the life of someone I've only a passing knowledge of; this piece compels me to explore his work on a deeper level. Be well.:)

    • @techtoth1
      @techtoth1 2 місяці тому +1

      This is probably the most mature and evolved comment I have read here.

    • @anthonyrussell4888
      @anthonyrussell4888 2 місяці тому +1

      @techtoth1 Thank you; I receive that. You be well, also.:)

    • @techtoth1
      @techtoth1 2 місяці тому

      @@anthonyrussell4888 🤗

  • @CIS101
    @CIS101 4 місяці тому

    As of 11:30 good so far. Very unusual story. Great presentation. This is an example of some of the best channels on UA-cam.

  • @Cicco2008
    @Cicco2008 6 місяців тому +42

    ... interesting ... while the film was banned in other countries for its graphic sex and violence (in anglophone countries particularly - as though it were only about sex and violence, a misreading of the film which I have never fully understood), here in Italy what got many people polarized and upset - and still does (among my friends, anyway) - is the deep cutting commentary and critique on fascism, communism, capitalism and "values" of modern society.... it is devastating in its breadth ... it is also a bleak comment on compliance with power, even by those who may at first seen to be its victims, as most of the victims eventually betray each other in return for small benefits and favours from their abusers and in some ways start to identify with them (like, "Stockholm syndrome" I believe it called?) .... in other words, we all become complicit in our own servitude, abuse and exploitation.... and while state/society may not always be inflicting overt violence on its subjects (as grossly presented in Salo), it is committing mores subtle, structural forms of violence and abuse that many of us accept unquestioningly ... in its direct damning depiction of fascism as representative of an ideology that overtly abuses power in all its forms and reduces the individual to an object of power, the fascists never forgave him and it has long been assumed that they had him killed, if not killed him .... whether the reading I present was that intended by Pasolini, who knows? to me it is a bleak vision of power and human nature, with no salvation. But of course many other readings are possible ...

    • @evemaria37
      @evemaria37 6 місяців тому +5

      It is my understanding also. But you put it in words with brio!

    • @TheKnoxvicious
      @TheKnoxvicious 5 місяців тому +3

      Dude, it’s literally people eating shit. They’re kinks…look who the heck WROTE IT.

    • @glint3924
      @glint3924 5 місяців тому

      You can get that point across without being extremely reaching disturbing coprophilic imagery here.
      Critique the ones that made it possible rather than those that's inflicting it.

  • @chicklets4ever51
    @chicklets4ever51 6 місяців тому +9

    This is complete nonsense. The film hadn't even come out yet when he was murdered. Pasolini was assassinated because he was a political radical with access to the front page of Italy's most powerful newspaper, and from that platform he denounced the crimes of the ruling class and was beginning to expose their involvement in the terrorist attacks that were tearing Italy apart at the time.

    • @JD-jc8gp
      @JD-jc8gp 5 місяців тому +2

      The video doesn't really contradict what you're saying. The title is maybe a little misleading, but for effect.

    • @ivanamaria6101
      @ivanamaria6101 5 місяців тому +2

      Several tapes of the filming were stolen of the set when they were shooting Salo, so

    • @chicklets4ever51
      @chicklets4ever51 5 місяців тому

      and so? @@ivanamaria6101

  • @JungleJoeVN
    @JungleJoeVN 5 місяців тому

    Thanks for this video.

  • @obscurecomics5849
    @obscurecomics5849 6 місяців тому +6

    You forgot to mention that the rules set down by the libertines in Salo were designed to be impossible. That is so the libertines could have the pleasure of seeing them squirm before punishing them. It was another form of sadistic pleasure. They were set up to fail.

    • @BellaBella-jw9ef
      @BellaBella-jw9ef 5 місяців тому +1

      Sounds like the Canadian housing market

  • @livianegidius9772
    @livianegidius9772 6 місяців тому +20

    I read ` La vita violenta` about life in slums of Rome in `50 and 60 and watched almost all his opus on the cinematography.Some movies are masterpieces due to his lack of hiring professional actors but I could not find any of them insulting. But this novel is true hidden gem . He was a communist in the best sense of the word independent mind who questioned everything. and anything Italian American backed government, therefore, want him dead. At 15.28 you give a partial answer yourself. Thank you.

    • @adrianshephard378
      @adrianshephard378 6 місяців тому

      Makes sense why you'd want someone dead if they were advocating for totalitarian bolshevism, and producing subversive material about people youth being raped.
      Honestly this is the Italian cuties

    • @bogdanpopescu1401
      @bogdanpopescu1401 6 місяців тому +7

      being a communist doesn't mean you are questioning everything, it means you already reached strong conclusions; which also happen to be crappy

    • @dunningdunning4711
      @dunningdunning4711 6 місяців тому +6

      @@bogdanpopescu1401 Marxisms, or communism, is both a broad range of political stances as well as philosophies. The far right - not the weird uncle that votes Republican variety, but the FAR right - make fun of communists for always arguing among themselves, saying it is why they will never achieve anything. The idiots see that they are boasting about their own conformity, but are too stupid to see why their conformity is a bad thing.
      Everyone has an ideology, especially those who think they do not - the trick is to be aware of and critical of it.

  • @curiousworld7912
    @curiousworld7912 6 місяців тому +29

    I knew when I saw the title, the video would be examining Pasolini. I'd seen most of his films (including 'Salo'...), and had read of his social critiques around the time of his murder. His films were shown at a local college campus when I fist became aware of him, and knowing what I'd seen and read; I wasn't entirely shocked to hear of the crime, but was very sorry to hear of it. He was a remarkable man in many ways, and unafraid to speak truth to power.

    • @3choblast3r4
      @3choblast3r4 6 місяців тому +3

      he was a petofyle who made a movie based on the fetish story a sociopathic petofyle wrote in prison. You were sorry to hear that a petofyle was cancelled, if you've read a few chapters of the book you'd understand that anyone sick enough to try to make it into a movie isn't a good person. And it doesn't make it better if you dress it up as some critique of society.

    • @markgrayson6771
      @markgrayson6771 6 місяців тому +9

      @@3choblast3r4 What is the purpose of this comment other than you signaling that you're a good person and everyone else isn't because you found this movie and its director distasteful? You want a morality medal or something?

    • @3choblast3r4
      @3choblast3r4 6 місяців тому +3

      @@markgrayson6771 So you don't find petofillia "distastefull?". I don't need a medal for pointing out that the movie and the guy who made it are disgusting and the book it's based on is even more disgusting. Even the guy that made the video is like "yeah.. uhh ... I don't recommend watching this movie because that's how degenerate it is".
      There is nothing sad about a peto losing his life. You sound like you held a minute of silence for Epstein

    • @benitolazio8193
      @benitolazio8193 6 місяців тому +2

      "truth to power " ? Communism?

    • @duetforherbivores
      @duetforherbivores 6 місяців тому +4

      @@3choblast3r4Pasolini was not as far as know but yes the Marquis de Sade was. Pasolini most questionable behavior was with a teenage actor who he mentored/later dated once he was an adult, but we don't know all the details so take that as you will. Pasolini didn't agree with the book or what it stood for, nor the author. He directed the film with the intention to show the abhorrence of abuse of all kinds. And no, Epstein shouldn't have died, he should have lived so he could be forced to tell the whereabouts of his accomplices and spend the rest of his natural life in prison. But don't let that other commenter make you feel bad, it's good to have moral integrity, too many people don't!

  • @seyyedmahdiseyyedmahmoodi4060
    @seyyedmahdiseyyedmahmoodi4060 2 місяці тому

    Thanks for this Great Review.

  • @thevoid99
    @thevoid99 4 місяці тому +2

    i have seen "salo" nearly a decade ago and.... i haven't seen it since as once was enough yet i'm glad i saw it and i still have my criterion dvd copy.

  • @user-ii9ti4yf2e
    @user-ii9ti4yf2e 6 місяців тому +17

    I'm surprised whoever directed GIGLI didn't have his life threatened

    • @thecinematicmind
      @thecinematicmind 6 місяців тому +1

      Whoever directed Gigli ended up with pies and turkey time.

    • @nunyabiznes33
      @nunyabiznes33 6 місяців тому +4

      It's a crime against humanity.

    • @CQ-369
      @CQ-369 6 місяців тому

      The director of GIGLI is living incognito in Thailand.

    • @user-ii9ti4yf2e
      @user-ii9ti4yf2e 6 місяців тому +3

      @@CQ-369 I'm glad everyone is getting my reference😄 just when Ben thought he was out,We pulled him back in

    • @Mrchair-bk5ns
      @Mrchair-bk5ns 6 місяців тому

      🤣🤣🤣🤣

  • @Djm8520
    @Djm8520 6 місяців тому +53

    I’ve seen 4 of his films: The Decameron; The Canterbury Tales; A Thousand and One Nights; and Salo. They are not masterpieces, but they were definitely groundbreaking, shocking and brave.

    • @randywhite3947
      @randywhite3947 5 місяців тому +5

      Salo isn’t a masterpiece?

    • @Djm8520
      @Djm8520 5 місяців тому +4

      @@randywhite3947 No.

    • @randywhite3947
      @randywhite3947 5 місяців тому +5

      @@Djm8520 why not?

    • @Djm8520
      @Djm8520 5 місяців тому

      @@randywhite3947 Duh, because it’s not‼️ That’s like asking me if ‘Porkies’ is a masterpiece and then demanding to know why I said ‘No’!

    • @pushingthroughthepaperthin9616
      @pushingthroughthepaperthin9616 5 місяців тому +3

      @@randywhite3947 i would describe it as more of a monster piece.

  • @kingy002
    @kingy002 4 місяці тому +1

    This is a truly superb analysis and so professionally produced and delivered. I have watched Salo 4 times to date, and will continue to watch it into the future. I find your recommendation to not watch it rather odd as there is nothing too offensive in it. If anything your personal perspective here should encourage more people to watch it.

    • @leoinsf
      @leoinsf 3 місяці тому

      Turds on-screen are O.K.!!! Yeah!!!

  • @jagmarc
    @jagmarc 4 місяці тому

    This is amazing. I haven't watched Saló but know people who had and now I understand what they were talking about. 24:10 "..Only at the point of our death does our life acquire meaning..."

  • @RoshanKumar-br6op
    @RoshanKumar-br6op 6 місяців тому +188

    that, and the fact that the entire movie basically depicted the stuff NATO was doing in Belgium as well (as the entire European continent) was doing in Belgium with Operation Gladio contemporaneously (look up the Dutroux Affair), and by symbolizing the naure of capitalist oppression too well, he signaled to the GLADIO-affiliated Italian Mafia that he knew too much.

    • @MrPolicekarim
      @MrPolicekarim 6 місяців тому +3

      Wasn't an Italian train station blown up, by people trained and equipped by that program. It was in case any NATO countries got invaded by the USSR.

    • @josedorsaith5261
      @josedorsaith5261 6 місяців тому +11

      Yes....capitalist oppression... 😐

    • @elricofmelnibone425
      @elricofmelnibone425 6 місяців тому +21

      What?!?! What the actual fvxk does NATO have anything to with this?

    • @mattl309
      @mattl309 6 місяців тому +2

      Bro is actually just lying as if you can’t read about it on your own

    • @bpalpha
      @bpalpha 6 місяців тому +3

      NATO? Or the CIA?! I'll give you hint: the correct answer starts with a C.

  • @nero_palmire
    @nero_palmire 6 місяців тому +3

    When I read the title, I thought this video is gonna be about Theo Van Gogh.

  • @claudiohidalgo829
    @claudiohidalgo829 2 місяці тому +1

    Excellent analysis - thanks !