Very nicely done - especially the change of S from tertiary to secondary structure. Would be great to see an updated version that includes the furin cleavage site dynamics.
I'm puzzled by how the two membranes fuse simply by being pulled together (1:35) without any apparent breach being made in either. The animation just makes it looks like the mingling of hundreds of little particles. There must be more to it. Do the surface proteins (in yellow) play a part?
Your description is exactly how it happens. The membranes fuse because theyre made of the same material. Think two globs of oil at the top of a glass of water. In fact, the viral envelope itself came from another infected cell, which it stole as it popped out.
If the virus can enter a human cell as easily as a glob of oil enters another when in contact, then why doesn't it just get in contact? But not only does it not seem to need that spike protein formed into a kind of grappling hook, there seems nothing to offer enough mechanical resistance to anchor in and help drag the two together anyway.
very informative - quick question ( not medically trained in any way ) but why does the proteases (?) which seems to be part of the human cell 'cut ' the spike protein binding ? Its this ' cutting' thats seems to 'release' the spike protein to firmly embed it self with its 'tentacles'! ?
The proteases are on the cell surface to cut other proteins, but spike has cleavage sites that look to them just like their normal targets (we say: substrates).
@@ThornLab The other proteins presumably include angiotensin since that's part of the name, ACE2, for the receptor. I believe it's involved in regulating blood pressure. How?
Digg describes this as an "Eye-Popping Visualization". I usually trust them. Is this video safe to watch? Can anyone, or their next of kin, report that their eyes did or did not pop?
Dear Mr Freeman, we extensively tested this video on a large number of students, who previously had given their consent, and can confirm their eyes did not pop.
Hello, once the Transmembrane protease serine 2 has cut away at the spike protein, do you know what holds the virus in proximity to the cell? or perhaps it happens so quickly that it kind of harpoons the cell?
Neil I know it’s been a year, but I believe it’s not a harpooning but the face that more than 2-3 spike proteins are in various stages confirmation and therefore still being held onto? Obviously the animation is simplified for ease of understanding
The problem is that the spike (and the virus) are much smaller than the wavelength of light - we cannot observe this process with high enough resolution directly. Therefore we have to take measurements and conduct experiments to get to a hypothesis like in this video - it's hard work - and some things are unknown - for example how exactly the spike gets into the host cell membrane. Luckily, there was a lot of reserach before the COVID-19 pandemic on the fundamentals for this process, so we can build on that research now!
Scary mechanism...if the spike protein can recognize the ACE Protein from our body. Can the other side of spike protein also recognize the membran protein from the corona virus?
No, it can not. It can bind to any double lipidic membrane - which is why in some vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 spike is tehthered to the hull of a harmless virus, a so-called vector.
@@ThornLab but why it cannot ? In the animation after certain part of spike protein was cut, the rest spike protein transform itsself into a form that similar to the part of spike protein that bind to the main body of the corona virus. So why it does not work on the other side of the spike.
anyone know - from the time the virus gets into the system, how long does it take for the virus/cell fusion described at the end of the video to occur? minutes, hours, days?
The fusion itself happens quickly - but it can be a while until the virus finds a host cell and ACE2, in particular if there is a lot of slime, or mucus.
So the orange dudes think they are doing the right thing... but they are really cutting the wrong wire to defuse the bomb. Got it. Going to have a chat with them now. Should have this sorted before the next shift change.
@@PaulEmsley Medicine tells us the mRNA 'vaccination' will provide blueprint for creation of a spike protein, which according to this video, would bind to an ACE2 on the surface...then what? According to this that spike is then cut, to bring the virus to fuse with host to release it's RNA through another spike. Something's missing, they must be claiming that the spike going into the host will be attacked by antibodies....and the claim is that since a synthetic spike was created, antibodies are ready to attack CoV2 spikes??? Someone is selling insurance or warranty on something I don't need...
Wait how is this making us visible but ur only showing is a graphic version of this just like the news. Not one time have I seen an actual picture of this virus but only an artist rendering!
This is too small to visualize in this level of detail with a light microscope. This is just a model that appears to be based partially on molecular dynamics simulations but I would not say it is rigorously accurate, just a learning tool.
@@meamzcs I have yet to see an actual photo though? They claim they have seen it yet they can’t show us a photo?? Cmon now there’s cameras that show how cells look like.
Hi everyone.If you read this message please read the Holy Quran the direct words and the final message from Almighty God.It will guide you to peace truth and happiness in this world and the afterworld with my lovely wishes
I've read all about this, but this video gave me a clearer understanding of what was going on! Thank you!
Best animation I have found anywhere on the internet!!! Thank you!!!
It’s amazing that the simplest life form on earth will keep outsmarting the most complex life form on earth.
@Will R Thomson Yes because the definition of being a complex life form is dependent on memorizing a piece of scientific information.
@Will R Thomson No one said it was.
Viruses are not alive. That is, unless the CDC changed the definition of the word "virus", like they did so many other words in recent years.
WOW! Great work on this, fantastic overview. Extremely cool to watch!
Very nicely done - especially the change of S from tertiary to secondary structure. Would be great to see an updated version that includes the furin cleavage site dynamics.
Awesome animation! The conformation change of the spike protein was fascinating to watch
What a great animation! Please do more of this!
Great work! Thank you
What about the furin sites?
Fantastic! Almost looks alien...freaking unreal.
I'm puzzled by how the two membranes fuse simply by being pulled together (1:35) without any apparent breach being made in either. The animation just makes it looks like the mingling of hundreds of little particles. There must be more to it. Do the surface proteins (in yellow) play a part?
Your description is exactly how it happens. The membranes fuse because theyre made of the same material. Think two globs of oil at the top of a glass of water.
In fact, the viral envelope itself came from another infected cell, which it stole as it popped out.
@@Renatus_Eruditus Thanks, I'll think about that.
If the virus can enter a human cell as easily as a glob of oil enters another when in contact, then why doesn't it just get in contact? But not only does it not seem to need that spike protein formed into a kind of grappling hook, there seems nothing to offer enough mechanical resistance to anchor in and help drag the two together anyway.
Very nice animation! I don't know enough to tell if it was accurate but it's great to watch!
I am writing my dissertation thesis on covid 19, from the literature survey that i have done, this video seems accurate
Thank you.
Any thoughts on how SARS-COV2 acquired a Furin cleavage site so exquisitely similar to that of our own?
Awesome video and useful too may I request u to allow me to use this video for my students without copyright issues for better understanding..
i thought those were furin? wtf is with the naming...
very informative - quick question ( not medically trained in any way ) but why does the proteases (?) which seems to be part of the human cell 'cut ' the spike protein binding ? Its this ' cutting' thats seems to 'release' the spike protein to firmly embed it self with its 'tentacles'! ?
The proteases are on the cell surface to cut other proteins, but spike has cleavage sites that look to them just like their normal targets (we say: substrates).
@@ThornLab Appreciate the clarification
@@ThornLab another quick question: is this method of endocytosis specific to this virus, or can others use it?
@@ThornLab The other proteins presumably include angiotensin since that's part of the name, ACE2, for the receptor. I believe it's involved in regulating blood pressure. How?
Amazing
If TMPRSS2 is the one in orange, which protein is the one in yellow?
After a lot of reading, I understood that the yellow protein is furin, which pre-cuts the spike protein for TMPRSS2 to cut.
this is wild
What are them small grey wiggly bits on the spike protein?
N-glycans, they are polysaccharides added post-translation
@@filiplisper2574 thanks 😊
Or you could say sugar chains which make the spike slimier and harder to recognize for the immune system.
Digg describes this as an "Eye-Popping Visualization". I usually trust them.
Is this video safe to watch? Can anyone, or their next of kin, report that their eyes did or did not pop?
Dear Mr Freeman, we extensively tested this video on a large number of students, who previously had given their consent, and can confirm their eyes did not pop.
Hello, once the Transmembrane protease serine 2 has cut away at the spike protein, do you know what holds the virus in proximity to the cell? or perhaps it happens so quickly that it kind of harpoons the cell?
Spike protein is cleaved into S1 and S2 ... The s1 remains attached to the cell and the s2 connects the cell to virus
Neil I know it’s been a year, but I believe it’s not a harpooning but the face that more than 2-3 spike proteins are in various stages confirmation and therefore still being held onto? Obviously the animation is simplified for ease of understanding
Crazy, do we have any real footage of what this looks like?
I have seen a few simulations at this level, but want to see how real footage compares.
In order to get that footage, someone would have to first isolate the virus. If you can do that, I believe there is a hefty reward waiting for you.
@@marfanity You couldn't just get a bit of live tissue and infect it? Had to look up what isolate means.
The problem is that the spike (and the virus) are much smaller than the wavelength of light - we cannot observe this process with high enough resolution directly. Therefore we have to take measurements and conduct experiments to get to a hypothesis like in this video - it's hard work - and some things are unknown - for example how exactly the spike gets into the host cell membrane. Luckily, there was a lot of reserach before the COVID-19 pandemic on the fundamentals for this process, so we can build on that research now!
Crazyyy
To think this is happening in our bodies how do we not feel this happening? So Invasive and disturbing the microscopic world is
Scary mechanism...if the spike protein can recognize the ACE Protein from our body. Can the other side of spike protein also recognize the membran protein from the corona virus?
No, it can not. It can bind to any double lipidic membrane - which is why in some vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 spike is tehthered to the hull of a harmless virus, a so-called vector.
@@ThornLab but why it cannot ? In the animation after certain part of spike protein was cut, the rest spike protein transform itsself into a form that similar to the part of spike protein that bind to the main body of the corona virus. So why it does not work on the other side of the spike.
anyone know - from the time the virus gets into the system, how long does it take for the virus/cell fusion described at the end of the video to occur? minutes, hours, days?
This happens more quickly than in the video, which is slowed down so we can see properly what happens. So at most seconds, I would say.
The fusion itself happens quickly - but it can be a while until the virus finds a host cell and ACE2, in particular if there is a lot of slime, or mucus.
Wow!
Is anyone else commenting out loud like:
“look at that ridiculous virus, we hate it”
“STOP ATTACHING TO IT - 1D10TS!”
..
So the orange dudes think they are doing the right thing... but they are really cutting the wrong wire to defuse the bomb. Got it. Going to have a chat with them now. Should have this sorted before the next shift change.
I'm immune compromised..I can't believe I survived the Alfa strain
We'll information good 😅
I get it, but was left hanging, I'd like to see how the mRNA vaccines prepare for and thwart this...
That's the difference between science and medicine.
@@PaulEmsley Medicine tells us the mRNA 'vaccination' will provide blueprint for creation of a spike protein, which according to this video, would bind to an ACE2 on the surface...then what? According to this that spike is then cut, to bring the virus to fuse with host to release it's RNA through another spike. Something's missing, they must be claiming that the spike going into the host will be attacked by antibodies....and the claim is that since a synthetic spike was created, antibodies are ready to attack CoV2 spikes??? Someone is selling insurance or warranty on something I don't need...
subpoena peter daszak
Wait how is this making us visible but ur only showing is a graphic version of this just like the news. Not one time have I seen an actual picture of this virus but only an artist rendering!
This is too small to visualize in this level of detail with a light microscope. This is just a model that appears to be based partially on molecular dynamics simulations but I would not say it is rigorously accurate, just a learning tool.
Because it's smaller than the wavelength of visible light...
@@meamzcs I have yet to see an actual photo though? They claim they have seen it yet they can’t show us a photo?? Cmon now there’s cameras that show how cells look like.
@@sniperkthewizardwarrior This is a protein which is much smaller than a cell. There are electron microscope images but they are not colorized
@@meamzcs smaller than light...?
🗿🗿🗿🗿🗿
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Hi everyone.If you read this message please read the Holy Quran the direct words and the final message from Almighty God.It will guide you to peace truth and happiness in this world and the afterworld with my lovely wishes
Кароче произошло что то ужасное😳
Ah mother nature, I'm real tired of your sh*t.
Wadoo
freaking horror show
Eeeew
100% imaginary