DNA Break Repair by Homologous Recombination (2024) Drew Berry wehi.tv
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- Опубліковано 8 лют 2025
- Homologous recombination is crucial in repairing double-strand breaks in DNA, correcting errors, and maintaining genomic integrity.
This animation highlights the role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in DNA break repair in homologous recombination.
Designed to support outreach on WEHI research into breast cancer and provide world-class education materials on foundational cell biology topics.
Visit wehi.tv to download animation
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Well this was the coolest thing I may have ever seen.
I got, lost about halfway through, was wondering if anyone could give a step-by-step breakdown.
Just wait until you see an animation of ATP synthase, it isn't like things here that merely manipulate molecules, it's a physical machine that forces atoms together until they bond.
ua-cam.com/video/OT5AXGS1aL8/v-deo.htmlsi=5yTTpoPBYKtRvIcS
@@xaiano794 ATP synthase is also magnificent. However the DNA handling and associated structures were so enlightning in this video and I do more DNA stuff these days. And I've always wondered how this works
@@WEHImovies On what are the specifics of your animations based? Electron microscopy? Simulations?
What’s better than a holiday junction? A double holiday junction!
Really happy to see a new post of this animation style. You make the best ones.
1st junction is Saturday and the 2nd junction is Sunday. Work is getting done around them. 😅
@@rdm5547 I'd prefer an elongated multi holiday junction with Friday and/or Monday
Holliday*
The structure is named after Robin Holliday, the molecular biologist who proposed its existence in 1964.
Wehi put your comment in their short
THIS is the content we need on social network !!!!
If rven 1% of the people out there viewed this type of content, humanity would go 10x faster, at the very least
You mean we would be walking like 50km/hour?
Why 10x faster?
I wonder how much the use of zippers in fashion design and just ... general life would experience a definite uptick. 🤔
🎉 more science, less beautyinfluencer
Yeah well 50% of the people that see this will immediately think "god really thought of everything" instead of admire science. You can't fix indoctrinated irrationality.
My jaw dropped the whole duration of this incredible video… I am so grateful to those who worked on it. It is profoundly beautiful and inspiring ❤
I love it!! I have a PhD in genetic engineering and it's always so amazing to see things visualized both so accurately, so dynamically, AND in such a big-picture way. WEHI you've inspired me since high school and you inspire me today! 99% of the time, scientists are required to visualize this in our own heads from our studies and research, so your videos are such a treat :)
Dude, why does these molecules' behavior exist even? Why do these clumps form complex patterns and planned execution? Like, what mechanisms make them act this way and not just exist and wobble or something? What can I read or watch to understand?
@@drakoronusBasically, Brownian motion. This here is thousands of times slowed down. In reality, a complex soup of all these enzymes and building blocks fills a cell's innards. The structures at molecular level have either very strong attractive or repulsive forces and friction is quite different on this level. The structures themselves determine wether or not they connect or move like that due to electrostatic forces of charges in these molecules, union or solution of bonds of molecules can give specific places energy (ATP and all). They all bump into eachother really often, thousands of times a second in each cell, but only matching molecules interact and not just move past. Imaging a bowl of magnets. If you randomly order them at first, they're random, but you shake it a bit, and they all start to line up and form columns. Make a more complex shape with different strength of magnets, and put them together into the bowl - nothing. Now shake it, and so that all the parts can come near eachother, and it'll start snapping into place.
@@drakoronus there's plenty of information you can fin on internet but you have to look in the right direction, search for conferencem phd recorder courses , documentary , expert phd youtuber... you can even ask you question to chatgpt and ask him to give you youtube phd conference link about those subject.
I'm belgian so i speak french but for exemple, your questons are answered in this webcam conference ; ua-cam.com/video/HtKtQ0loTOI/v-deo.html ( you can activate the automatic english subtitle but if you dont speak french you will be unable to read the powerpoint's sheet .. ) .
@@drakoronus in english i found for the moment ;
ua-cam.com/video/oqEDd_82aSY/v-deo.html
@@pigeonramier6898 Thanks!
It blows my mind that we can know so much. Incredible.
Yeah God give us unmaterial ability to know things
@kavdanazoun9195 Please. Stop. Including. God. Out. Of. Nowhere. In. EVERY. Topic. Thank you for understanding!!
I love being a machine made of machines
these things are not machines. "machine" implies a creator, an intent or purpose, a meaning, and in this case, its all an emergence of the laws of physics. neither these things or you is a machine.
@dfghj241 who told you that? I don't believe that is what "machine" implies.
Bits move around and do useful work. Whether it's molecular interactions, or magnets, or cams and levers. Where does a creator with intent come in?
If being a machine bothers you, consider it a poetic metaphor.
@@dfghj241the « reality » don’t really care about your personal problems about an information, « laws of physics » he said… thinking that he have the gigantic critical spirit needed to think that this theory can be possible and we ( the others ) can’t.
@@dfghj241that's not totally right, see it as a metaphor. But a machine is already anything, which has physical moving parts with an impulse.
@@dfghj241this are machines at all effects
진짜 경악하게 만드는 퀄리티네요... 원리와 피규어 몇 개를 통해 머릿속에서 추상적으로 상상했던 개념이 완전하게 영상으로 구현된 모습은 정말이지 아름답다는 말이 부족할 지경입니다.
i am baffeled, the animation and the fact that thats what happens in every cell...... WOW
Удивительный механизм созданный природой, молекулярная био-химия, основа которой лежит в квантовой структуре атомов.
Awesome accompanying sound design, really well done. 10/10
It opened my horizons.
A video that should be given a Nobel and Oscar award.
A Nobel😂😂😂
I'm really glad they credited the cast at the end 3:36.
These guys really deserve more appreciation.
The sounds coming from real world, bricks chains... make the video more vivid and enjoyable. Thanks
Gosh, it's a great day when the GOAT posts. Grinding my molecular animation skillset at maximum effort right now -- just to achieve even 10% of this clarity and accuracy. I'm not even mad that I'm not at this level yet. It's just so great to see that this mix of clarity and accuracy is possible. Sound design is absolutely off the charts.
That Holliday junction is BUTTERY smooth.
Will y'all ever consider making the jump from Maya to Blender or Houdini?
Let me put my 3-D headset on and fly around the action like an observer in a video game...
I thought they've always been using Blender before; didn't Drew Berry say so in the _Respiration_ tech talk video?
I bow to the people who discovered these mechanisms of nature. Incredible, but comprehensible complexity.
Making these videos must be one of the coolest jobs on Earth. Also, love the sound effects, beat cheesy music every time.
If you believe it or not, this actually made me tear up. It is the miracle of life itself, so precious and so fragile. It's pretty heartbreaking to recognize how careless and negligent we treat this wonderful machinery...
Finally I got to understand a double holiday junction! Amazing video! Well done!
I adore the quality and added audio to go with every little action
Awesome folks! Everbody should see this kind of animations to get a feeling how life works under the hood.
amazing work done at wehi... incredible what our cells are capable of doing...
It's videos like these that made me become a biochemistry major. Only now nearing the end of my undergraduate studies, do I actually know what's going on. It takes hundreds if not thousands of hours of dedicated study to reach that point. The irony is that after all that work, I don't need the video to see it anymore. After all that study and commitment, when I open up the literature and read about these processes, I can see them play out in my mind's eye. It's a powerful, emotional experience. I encourage any young people watching these videos, feeling that awe and wonder, to study biochemistry.
That s breathtaking how complicated structures exist in us and other beings.
10th grade me just got a question answered I held on for close to 20 years. Thank you!
How many base pairs are required for a sequence match? That section with the base pair comparison is maddening! To think this is happening every second of every day!
Not sure, but, the more there are matching base pairs the less likely the repair process is to halt. Also not all base pairs are equal, example A:T contributes more to the recognization / misrecognization, than G:C pairs. Sometimes the process fails. IE sometimes enough of the DNA is the same, so that the homologous DNA repair starts, but later there will be differences, which can result in various alterations in the DNA. It is said to be error free, but that is not quite the whole story. It just doesn't cause point mutations, instead crossing over, deletions, duplications, rearrangements, etc.
@@user255 i love that you mention the chance of error in this process. Nature didnt made a perfect machine, it just made one that works and that is enough
@@rafaelsueyro7825 The reason that this is so accurate process is due to the fact that it evolved in very early evolution. It had plenty of time for optimization. Pretty much all life use these same basic processes.
However, when you look at some things, which evolved much later (especially species specific things), you will see mess, unreliable mechanisms, redundancy, etc etc.
As a layman but as a computer scientist who deals with analogous problems in communication and data storage, remember that given random base pairs the probability of a matching sequence will be (1/4)^n so the chances of a mismatch with anything larger than a trivial n will be vanishingly small. I'd love for a specialist to give the real threshold for a "sufficient" sequence match though. Fascinating question.
@@clairecelestin8437 But the code is not random and not all base pairs are equal in their recognization. There are a lot of repeats for some common protein motifs. Let's say there are 100 matching pairs and after that completely different code. That is enough to start the process, but still can lead to completely erroneous result.
biggest drop of 2024 these videos are so cool
Stupendous animation work! I hope more people see and appreciate this.
0:36 I could just imagine the neighboring histone proteins desperately holding on to each other trying to prevent the ends of the DNA from floating away, probably screaming "NOOO! DON'T LET GO!!!" 😂
I would think given the length of the tails, they would grab ahold of each other before the dna is snipped. And, that the act of grabbing each other might create some sort of binding domain to attract the little snippet tool, alignment it and maybe activation it. Having the ends floating free seems like it would lead to broken repair jobs.00
They are not histones. They are MRN complexes between histones.
Still a better love story than Titanic
@@WeBeGood06 You have to think of all that as a strand of energy containing a kind of flow. Once cut, the ends of the strands are polarized and will attract each other like magnets. There is no effin' way they'd not grab hold of each other, and there is no effin' way they'd let go, unless the mechanisms repair the loop. After that, those "arms" will repell each other again.
Excellent work!!
Suggestion:I would add a short preview of the process in real time (if you know the speed of it) to impress even more the audience 😉
the problem is that it happens in a fraction of a second hehe... its just that small
ua-cam.com/video/7Hk9jct2ozY/v-deo.html
@rafaelsueyro7825, is it really that fast...😲?
These visualizations make me tear up; in part because of the sheer awe and beauty of _where_ we are, and in part at the mystery and wonder of _what_ we are
...same here. This made me so emotional... Btw, I'm a doctor and I can see what happens when there are too many mistakes in DNA repair... 😔 I really appreciate every tiny repair in my DNA!
This is insane, how does that even work like I see them move and all that but how do they even know what to do and to that level of precision, this is just insane
The random jiggles happen insanely fast in real life, and with so much shuffling it is essentially guaranteed that the right molecule will show up in the right place to perform some action.
@@milandavid7223 still.. they are programmed in someway to do what they do, its absolutely mindblowing
I've had a graduate course in genetics in 1998 And never thought I'd see something like this, ever. This is beyond cool. Back in the days we were still in the human genome project, and my professor was studying the structure of the small subunit of the ribosome.
You guys are a Plus to loving Cellular Biology....love your work
Belfast Ireland 🇮🇪
Amazing to the nth degree.... I like how the Enzymes are listed when the Credits Roll. Would be interesting to see how each of these little machines are powered by ATP, powered protein bending, and more of the hydrogen bonding and binding domains of these little machines. The DNA alignment search sequence was fantastic. Can't wait for the narrated version, consider adding the rotating named enzyme off to the side showing important structures/binding domains, as each new character in the cast comes on stage.
Fantastic video.
Well, not every single protein requires - or is powered by - ATP.
Props to the wehi boffins, their unravelling of molecular machines is wondrous to behold.
I have got to send this to my former biology teacher. Holy shit this is gold for biology education
Your videos are, far and away, the best things on UA-cam. THANK YOU!
Most amazing thing is this comment section being free of "creator" arguments, wow. Nice work as always!
😱 [When you realize cells are better at unwind and fix broken strands of DNA than you can untangle your headsets.]
What I'm curious to see is how fast does this really happens. It's probably a few dozen times faster than this intricate animation shows, or it'd take forever for our cells to do anything.
Since the molecules are made out of atoms, the reaction in its individual components are almost happening at light speed.
This is absolutely nuts!
FYI : Homologous recombination can be defined as interaction between two DNA sequences sharing extensive nucleotide sequence identity, present on a single or two different DNA molecules, which results in a generation of mixed sequences derived from two parental ones.
This animation deserves more views☝
the animation level of detail of this machinery is incredible
I LOVE these animations. I don't even know what the award is for outstanding sound effects, but Franc Tétaz deserves one! (However, I'd also like to mention I think the volume was too loud in this video -- I had to turn my headphones down a couple notches.)
こういう動画が見たかったんだ
ありがたい
Every time I see these actions happening smoothly I’m imagining the hundreds/thousands of other helper proteins that aren’t shown
Amazing work, sharing it with colleagues
Very interesting, thank you. Is there any in-depth explanation available of what is happening, aside from the onscreen text?
Narrated version will be published in coming weeks. Stay tuned!
Looking forward to it! I used to watch these when I was a wee little pre-med taking biology courses in undergrad.@@WEHImovies
@@WEHImovies This is the best news of the year!
Incredible. More animations like this, please!
Love these cute sounds...! This videos is awesome!
Nevertheless, I am very glad that I don't have to listen to such a permanent concert in reality while my own DNA is repaired 😅
Yeah, im doing that every day!
Small suggestions:
* it is good idea to describe proteins involved in the process also during the video (each time when new protein appears)
* (min. 3:36) you mentioned enzymes at the end of animation; however *nucleosomes, RPA, BRCA1, BRCA2, PCNA are not enzymes*
I agree, but they didn't mention histones at all in the list. However they did mention example RPA, which is not enzyme.
@@user255 Sorry, they mentioned nucleosome (min. 3:36), which is few histones + DNA. Not enzyme.
Yeah, RPAs are also not enzyme. BRCA1, BRCA2, PCNA are also not enzymes :)
天啊~我幾乎為造物者的偉大流下眼淚...
What is your religion ?
0:35 このロープの音に心を奪われました
羽ばたいてくる酵素の音も楽しかった
すばらしい仕事
I know i am made up of atoms, but everytime time i see this still amaze me. Thank you, little machines.
this fills me with existential dread i cant comprehend. to think proteins, random chemical connections with no real intention, randomly happen to interact this way and not randomly break apart.
biology is unreal
I wish we had these animations when I was studying biology in university.
Black and white diagrams didn't really help us understand how Holliday junctions worked.
Love this kind of video… Those things happen. In my body. Right now.
Amazing it does not end up a tangled mess. 😮
Well, it kinda already was to begin with, but that's what the cell can work with.
I could watch this for hours. I can't fathom how this can work in such a reliable way. Even just imagining the geometry makes my brain go haywire. I mean how does it come that these DNA strands don't end up tangled like your headphone cables in your pocket?
Wow! 😳 Amazing, absolutely jaw dropping brilliant, thank you.
Brilliant work as always! Every time I watch one of Drew Berry's animations I am amazed life is even possible given its complexity.
After billions of years of evolution.
This would be the most amazing video I have ever seen in this year at this point
Always mind blowing. 😍
Amazing. this is probably going on multiple times in each of our bodies right now. I heard that every cell division has an approximately 50% chance of at least one double replication fork stall, which is usually fixed by homologous repair like this. And that's only one source of DNA breaks that are fixed in this way.
I love this animation style, thank you
the sounds used too!
Absolutely mesmerizing!
Fascinating. Great animation. Thanks!
Unbelievable. great video thanks
こんな機能的な動きを自然に獲得していったのは恐ろしい
These animations have heavily re invigorated my desire to understand molecular biology. Can you do a mitochondria cells?
Mitochondria animation by wehi.tv ua-cam.com/video/OT5AXGS1aL8/v-deo.htmlsi=WTKLCkJme5UK3cxO
Beyond astonishing 😮
Great work Drew and team!
Oscar winning animation👌👌
Does anyone else get light-headed looking at this? The speed, the complexity, it's amazing.
And that's just the animation, haha.
(the actual process occurring inside cells is beyond comprehension.)
Отвал башки, спасибо всем, кто сделал ролик! 🔥 🔥 🔥
No words to describe how amazing this is
Engineering of the Gods !!! I have no words...
No way this happens in a human cell. Unbelievable! Makes me think that all these tiny molecule machines out of atoms already have life in itself.
Everything is spirit.
People will find that truth again.
👻
Bio machine
I’d love to see an animation showing how radiation damages/destroys DNA, and how the DNA reacts in turn
This is so fricking cool and to think of that this system that seems so chaotic and clockworky at the same time builds the fundament of life on earth
To think, back to highschool those complex cellular machines were only letter-diagram illustrations.
As others have commented, I'd love to see a "real time" comparison as well.
Absolutely fascinating and the this animated visualization was excelently done!
when you fall asleep first in a sleepover.
This was our holiday junction!
At 2:22: this process happens when cells divide, which happens at least 2 trillion times a day
Soubhan Allah ahcenou al khalikin!
And this is happening inside of us all over our bodies as we speak 🤯
Wow that's cool so the dna is deconstructed to figure out which part broke .
A punto de llorar al ver tanta maravilla.
So much work and effort... for a single small "cut"
Поддерживаю, мне тоже нравиться быть созданным из космоса биомашин. Это квантовая механика , квантовое моделирование и квантовое программирование. Природа владеет этими навыками в совершенстве!
OMFG. Great work! Thank you for this. I respect life even more now.
The more videos I see like this, the more it seems like intelligent design.
the more you underestimate evolution
@@xtratub maybe evolution is intelligent design
@ in the classical view of intelligence, it is unlikely. But evolution and intelligence have common features. Namely, they actively use the trial and error method in their creative process.
Es sieht aus als wie- Bilder sagen mehr als Worte💖
Mother Nature's Nanotech is Beyond Amazing!
If you add a list of enzymes to the beginning and provide the names of the enzymes in the colors they are painted in the video, this will greatly improve and simplify the understanding of the process.
Thanks.
what you see takes about 10 hours of course in a grad student biology class to explain (more details yes) but still... just for a few minutes of events shown in this video
Please can you at least explain why did the green think came and cut it? Was it mistake or for reason?
The green enzyme that cuts DNA is CRISPR-Cas9, commonly used in biomedical research labs
在設計人類的時候就已經想到了修復與連接，好酷
It's actually unbelievable that this happens nonstop in our bodies