If you're an academic who would like to collaborate on a paper on this topic please reach out. I have lots of data that I didn't share in this video and I think we've made some significant contributions to the body of knowledge in this area. The main reason I wanted to perform this experiment was to better understand the radial fragmentation distribution of the Prince Rupert's Drop. After this experiment, I'm not so sure it works like I originally thought. Also, I really wanted a Prince Rupert's Drop shirt. If you'd like one, as well here's the link! www.smartereveryday.com/store Thanks again to everyone who supports Smarter Every Day on Patreon. I'm sincerely grateful! www.patreon.com/smartereveryday
could you make a rupert sphere. and how about encasing the tail in something very vibration absorbing, thus making it much tougher. Maybe a substance very particular like non newtonian liquids. Something that really soaks up vibration energy because that's what kills otherwise very strong glass.
I just finished the video, and I was thinking how cool it would look if you use the schlieren method in the slo-motion footage? does the breaking of a drop cause shockwaves in the air?
@@thomaswalters7117 cooling the outside of the box will increase the temperature differential and thus the cure time between the middle of the box and the outside. Epoxy cures from the inside out.
Three recommendations here: - Try letting the resin fully harden, I'm curious if the shockwave is powerful enough to shatter the hardened resin. - Try ballistics gel instead of resin. This should more fully capture the 3d visualization of the drop shattering. - Try clear gelatin, as the ballistics gel may be slightly too hard to allow the glass shards to travel through it. I loved this video and am fascinated by just how FAST these things shatter!
Same thoughts in letting it fully harden. Would also like to see everything but 1” of the head submerged then let it harden and shoot it and or bang with hammer. If the shock wave can’t move the tail perhaps we can see how hard it really is.
@@bbrandonh ballistics gel would be super interesting i think! It would allow for more kinetic energy to be displaced so you might get a better look at the patterns the drop creates
Love the video! Homogeneous viscosity and hardness is definitely possible. Seems like your resin was struggling with thermal runaway but reducing the volume was a smart move! If you're doing resin experiments in the future and would like any tips just let us know :)
If you want to try this again, try doing it in water and use Laponite RD (rheology modifier). 2% of laponite in water will gel the water enough to suspend a marble. When you add shear (the drop exploding) it will thin to water consistency and then rethicken immediately. Might make for better photography.
You would need to make a drop large enough to separate into two large drops so that there was a thin shared tail between them. Maybe if you dropped molten glass off a high drive into a swimming pool, there would be enough time for the drops to separate into conjoined blobs.
@@CoolAsFreya good idea. But I think a nail-like protrusion would be better, so that only the thick head splits, and the thin tail stays. It would require precise control where to drop the glass. I hope Destin/someone tries to make one!
@@chadwilson7754 It's like pouring urethane. By carefully controlling the ratio between casting solution and hardener, you can arbitrarily set a final shore harness. It's how they can make skate/longboard wheels so consistent. Only difference is ballistic gel is on the softer side of the shore scale, and it's usually engineered to be as transparent as possible to allow for better viewing of bullet paths.
I think an issue was the too small container. As you pointed out yourself, a shock wave hit the outer walls of the container and was then reflected back to the explosion stopping the explosion from expanding.
If you do this again you might try resin meant for casting. This kind of epoxy is formulated for making strong thin surfaces, and as you found can kick unevenly from self-generated heat.
Art Cast should have a slow cure resin. I know Nick Zammeti uses Entropy Resins for deep pours. Also check a couple of Ben's Worx videos as he does big resin pours too. I THINK he uses Art Cast but I'm second guessing my memory at the moment.
@@smartereveryday ARe you going to try this again with a different resin? I hope so. It was really cool, and it would be even more cool to see it even clearer! Thanks for all the great content! *PS. You could try checking Ben's Worx videos as mentioned above, he gets some really clear eggs and stuff!^^
I think to best capture separate fragments of the PRD you'll want to use a "Bingham Plastic" fluid. These types of fluids are solid at low shear stresses but liquid at high shear stress. If you can find the right fluid it should hopefully be thin enough to shear during the explosion and then become solid immediately as the explosion slows.
Does the reverse exist as a sort of shock-sensitive epoxy? Something that will be a slow-cure resin under normal conditions, but give it a good shockwave and it solidifies immediately and with enough recovery time/hysteresis to hold the fragments in place until the resin can fully cure?
@@MendTheWorld Thixotropic is a related term where the viscosity is time-dependent after a force is applied. These is some overlap with these fluid categories. Common Bingham plastic fluids are mayonnaise and toothpaste. I'm not sure of a Bingham plastic fluid that would be suitable for this experiment. Maybe a certain kind of molten polymer?
US and International HS physics teacher for 24 years now. Your enthusiasm and honesty about your process is inspiring for myself and my students. Your passion for PRDs is terrific stuff. Keep up the good work. You are making a difference.
I'd love to see the effect on the resin if you allowed it to cure completely before breaking the tail of the PRD. Would the shock crack the epoxy, or would the force be contained?
That, I believe would give them the ideal for the results they were looking for, I think. They should have suspended a drop in the liquid epoxy, and kept it in the vacuum chamber until it hardened. THEN, when they broke it, it would give them an ideal view into the shatter distribution. Depending on the epoxy used, it might crack, but I doubt it would shatter or become a bomb simply because of the much greater mass of epoxy used.
@@EbeneezerSquid thats not what they were trying tho. Once its hard it doesnt have that viscosity anymore that allows them to see exactly whats going on. Basically it would break similarish to when broken without the resin id presume.
I feel that you should just use clear ballistic gel! I don't foresee it having the force to move it and you have the option to set them in and allow it to fully solidify around it and see the force and reaction through the gel!
I was just going to say Ballistic gel, but it's not super stable afterwards...depending how long they want to keep it. If Taofledermaus gets the Bait Gel stuff to be clear instead of yellow it would be a better substitute than Ballistics gel to have a frozen exploded PRD.
Yea that's what I thought of as soon as he was didn't let the epoxy set before doin it. I thought he was going to let epoxy set up and do it from teh title.
This is some top shelf slow-mo content. Whoever thought of this Rupert's drop / epoxy thing struck gold. Cheers and thanks for sharing your fun and experimentation with the world.
I love that you showed the entire first day of things going wrong. This is science, and if youtube videos don't show that part, children get really discouraged when things don't go their way with experiments. As educators (both formally and just as parents), we need to normalize failure of first N attempts, and the strive to keep trying. This is the way
That was one of the things I always loved about Mythbusters. Failure is always an option. And in science we often learn more from failure than we end up learning from success. I've even seen experiments where the eventual success was only understood because of the previous failures. Science is at least as much the journey as it is the destination.
The other side of this coin is the channels that only show successes make kids think being a successful UA-camr is easy and they can make that their career without effort. They seem to believe that a 5 minute video takes maybe 10 minutes to produce, and they will never have to really work again.
I've heard of these years ago when reading about Prince Rupert and his remarkable life. This is the first time I've seen them created, so thanks for that.
Hey! My research group and I(at MIT) just filmed some exploding Prince Rupert's drops at 492,754fps through a polariscope. It looks really cool! All of the internal stress patterns are very visible. There is actually a stress wave that propagates through the drop far ahead of the actual explosion front. It actually creates a standing wave within the glass between the end of the bulb and the explosion front. This standing wave increases in frequency as the explosion moves closer to the bulb head until it finally shatters too. You might find it very interesting. I am currently editing footage to put on my channel, but I thought that you of all people might be very interested in this.
What a calm and measured, "I guess it exploded, like everything else." Glad you stayed safe, shared a bit of the danger, and brought us along to learn things.
lol when i first started working with resins i had all of the same issues you were having until I got better resins and learned the mixing/vaccum/timing. great video!
This... I made a similar comment. I hope he sees these comments. It hurt me watching this, knowing what was going to happen due to the cheap epoxy and poor mixing technique. lol
@@lucian5389 Idk if you're being cheeky, but the word "epoxy" refers to the solid end product, which is made from mixing polyepoxide resin with a reactive prepolymer resin. Tldr: "Resin" is the appropriate word for uncured liquid "epoxy".
@@milkandcookyz Yeah, I immediately knew this wasn't going to work like he was hoping the moment I saw what he was using to mix the resin haha. The single most important thing to know about doing epoxy is that the resin has to be mixed INCREDIBLY well to cure homogeneously, if at all. Learned that the hard way years ago haha.
I'd use agar-agar. It can be made cold and it's super clear for a gel. What's cool about that is you can cast a tool for breaking the tail in with it and encase the entire thing in ballistic gel so it can't easily draw in air like the observation that was made when they finally got it.
@@mattsnyder4754 surely that would depend on the size of the block of gel. I'm no expert at all but I have seen ballistic gel survive high velocity, large calibre bullets on youtube.
Though it wasn't easy to capture the drop in resin, I'd love to see more of the thin "squiggly" tail captured. Each one would be totally unique and make a great item to add to your store. Awesome vid!
I don´t think ballistic gels really have the rheological profile needed here, plus, they form optical inhomogeneieties once damaged, counterproductive to the purpose.
In case you ever want to try this again, epoxy kicks way faster if its too deep! If you want to slow down the cure to get the perfect "sweet spot" try mixing in shallower batches in multiple cups
10:47 i was expecting you to let the epoxy actually fully harden with the bead suspended in it before breaking it. Then you'll see probably a much prettier result
Rupert's drop in hard epoxy pretty much just turns white. I think it needs to be pretty firm but still liquid enough to run into the cavity left by the exploding drop. Hard to do. As others here have said - a coloured glass drop in clear resin would add more contrast!
I have done a bit of epoxy work, and the brand I use (Totalboat) actually says to not use a mixer/drill. Probably OK for your purpose, but I did not read that warning before I laid a bar top, and had major problems with the epoxy curing right. Subsequent pours were all perfect, where we hand mixed. Another suggestion, put one of these PRDs into ballistic gel!
My wife was screaming at you for “doing it wrong” with regards to the epoxy. Her point being that you’re mixing it way too fast which is causing the epoxy to cure too quickly (also causing the larger exothermic reaction). There would be fewer lines in the epoxy and it should have more of the viscosity your seemed to be going for.
YES THANKYOU!! It can be mixed easily by hand there’s no reason to make a mix o matic 5000, also I was thinking it would add more air to the mixture (although it will be vacuumed to remove it, it’s still not ideal)
Yup, was hoping for someone to explain this. I use to think using a drill would help, but made it much worse. Mixing by hand for a couple of minutes until no streaks are visible 👌
This would be cool with a polarized filter to see the internal stresses in the glass and Ballistic gel. Perhaps a layer of oil above the epoxy so it doesn't suck air after the explosion.
@@marshall7170 There's this peculiar device called a lid, we put those on tupperware so that food doesn't try to run away from fridges, maybe that will keep the oil inside, just make a little hole in it for the prince rupert's tear and you're golden.
You should consider “deep pour” epoxy. woodworkers used it to fill large voids and comes clear as glass… they tend to take much longer to set that this finishing epoxy, but it should set with a more even viscosity and it should give you a larger window of time to work with…. I love your videos
I‘d love to see this experiment in polarized light and filmed through a polarizer filter. I hope to see the stress gradient in the epoxy and the Prince Rupert Drop.
Exactly what I want to see too. Will probably see stress in the box too which would be cool but might interfere with the seeing it in drop, but worth a try. Hmmm, maybe film from above, or shatter in air.
This is still in my mind from the last video: Rupert's drop created in freefall/zero-g. It wouldn't have a tail, would it just be a super strong glass sphere?
@@danielsteger8456 the tail is formed because of the way the glass stretches as it’s dropped into the water. It can’t be dropped without gravity, but it could probably still be quenched without gravity. The question is asking what would happen in that case
Yes. Similar to your car windows (the ones on the door) being impervious to most impacts. Only once you bend the window far enough or scratch the surface hard enough it will break. Same goes for the ball. It will be just really really strong ball.
Next time just cover the top of the surface in more fresh epoxy or something right before its broken, so it will cover any inlet for air. so if its pulling air in it would just pull more epoxy and change the effect. if its internal stress then it would be the same.
I believe that the cracking of the tail allows air into the internal structure of the drop and due to the way the drop is formed I speculate that there may be a void that was formed inside the drop from the internal glass retracting after the outer glass already hardened. My logic in this reasoning is that the outer shell is like a container for the rest of the expanded glass and as it cools off it retracts and the molten glass either creates a pocket that would normally fill immediately with air if air was present or stretch out the molten glass as it retracts forming void bubbles in the stretched glass due to there not being enough material to fill the gaps that were made present when the internal glass retracted. So when you break the tail due to the air being pulled into the internal structure the force of the air filling the voids is enough to start shattering the walls that would be between the nearby pockets which creates the effect of the drop exploding out from the tail towards the middle of the drop. Due to the most void pockets being present in the middle of the drop, the force of air filling that space causes an outwards explosion. That is just my thought on the matter and what I believe may possibly be happening. It would be difficult to test if this were the case because you would need to test breaking the tail in an area that is void of any oxygen such as breaking the tail in a vacuum. The idea comes from the way water being poured from a bottle and how if you hold an open bottle upsidedown it is slow to pour the contents out because the air rushing into the bottle to fill the void behind the liquid also partially blocks the opening at the neck of the bottle and how the void needs to be filled first before the liquid can leave the bottle or container.
I used to build composite parts of jets for the military. If you need more build time before the epoxy "goes off", we would put the epoxy into a refrigerator to slow the exothermic reaction. You could do this before or after the mix of the two component strata depending on what your needs are.
Hi. Love your videos. This one is great ... but there's a lot of room for improvement with regard to your epoxy processing. 1) Use an appropriate epoxy: The one you are using is meant for surface finishing in thin layers. Making big quantities in deep sections is a bad idea, as the exotherm will be so high, the cure will be uncontrollable, and a fire risk. 2) Mix, mix, mix! Mix until clear, then transfer to another container, and mix some more. 3) Removing bubbles with a vacuum only results in boiling of one of the epoxy components, changing the ratio slightly. Probably won't make much difference, but all those bubbles coming out of the epoxy are not trapped air bubbles. I would *LOVE* to see one of those results sawn in half, and put under a microscope!! Keep up the good work.
Use a mixing nozzle, dump first bit out from nozzle then feed from the bottom of mold. Use a epoxy with slower set time that will help with the bubbles and exothermic run away.
I feel like an art resin would do what he was going for. There are a number of good brands, some ok brands are available at craft stores like Michaels.
Love the video (as always), but would have loved to see a version once the epoxy had solidified. Would be interesting to see a solid-state environment to contain the explosion, both in slow-motion and as a completed work.
Returning to the vid after having to pause for a long while (something needed my attention) and hitting play at 9:42 made what you said next sound like pure technobabble. It was so great haha.
9:40 Double check the max depth of the resin. The yellow, steam, and the waves mean the resin is WAY too thick. The thicker the poor, the hotter it gets. Faster resins have a much smaller max thickness
I'd love to see a PRD exploding in ballistic gel! I imagine it looking a bit like a Hoberman Sphere. That wing like structure looks like a crack, not sure if it's from the epoxy not being solid enough or being too solid. High viscosity gel can peel apart in chunks, but I wonder if the epoxy would break if it was completely solidified.
I second this. I think there are some good advantages to using gelatin or some other kind of gelling agent. It's not nearly as time sensitive, and unlike timing the viscosity of rapidly hardening epoxy, once it's fully cured the viscosity of a gelled substance is based on the amount of gelling agent you use. This would allow you to create multiple samples of varying states of viscosity to test ahead of time, then create easy to follow recipes to repeat the experiment. Another advantage is that gelling agents dissolve fully in hot liquid and then solidify slowly. No need to off gas the mixture, and you should be able to just clamp the PRD in position, wait for the mixture to cure, and get a crystal clear medium every time. Lastly, gelatin is far cheaper than epoxy.
@@shahared1 I agree with the measurable viscosity of ballistic gel, there are meters that test that, saw it being used on a channel that cuts open shoes and tests the resistance of the cushions and pressure of the air pockets. However it's not a replacement for epoxy resin, it's a different experiment. Epoxy is meant to keep the PRD from expanding to see the shatter pattern. If the epoxy isn't solid enough to resist expansion it allows the PRD to continue shattering into smaller fragments which make it cloudy, but if the resin is hard enough it provides support to limit the spread of the cracks revealing their path.
This was my exact thought when he said he was using epoxy. I was like "why not ballistics gel". Would it not properly retain the shape of the explosion?
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@@shahared1 My biggest question with that method is that I think that the number of fragments will make it appear cloudy - I don't think you will get a good view in ballistic gel. The fact that the epoxy hasn't set completely enables it to close the gaps created by the fragments completely. It's a rather cheap test to do, though. It's worth a shot.
I’d like to see this as well. With the high speed cameras, the distribution of fragments in the ballistic gelatin should be visible. . Also! Just try regular food store clear gelatin! Cause there’s always room for Jello
I've always been curious wha would happen if someone took a flame to the tail of a Prince Ruperts Drop. Would it cause the drop to shatter? would it melt the tail off leaving the rest unaffected? (and if so, is the Drop just as resilient or does it leave one weak spot where the tail used to remain?
You are amazing. I absolutely live watching your Chanel. I try myself to get smarter everyday. Whether watching a science channel for a little while or doing experiments with things at home. Science, electronics, electricity, and construction are all fields I live to learn about and you help me do that. And I want to say thank you for that. Keep being incredible…and I’ll keep watching!!!
Hi Destin, great video! As many have suggested below, there are different types of epoxy, that can be poured thicker. Also, after the drop has already exploded, you could try to highlight the shatter pattern with a few drops of dye Again, great video!
I’d love to see what happens when the epoxy resin is completely set and cool and then the drop gets snipped. Some people have said use a slow set deep pour resin and I totally agree and also someone mentioned ballistic gel, that’s an awesome idea! Send some to clear ballistic labs and have them make some into blocks of at all possible!
Not sure if this has been suggested in the comments anywhere but have you thought about trying ballistics gel? Like the kind used in testing the transfer of energy from projectiles to a target? They make kits that people mix themselves then some hours later (not sure but think its 24-48 hours) you have a block ready to go. The gel may would allow for more fragmented expansion. Wasn't sure exactly what you were goin for but excellent job and you got some BEAUTIFUL videos to show for it. Awesome Job.
My favorite line of the whole video is what makes me love Destin because of our common nerdiness... he said "what this might also mean is we may end up with an asymmetric fragmentation distribution because the viscosity might not be homogeneous". Love the vids. like im addicted to watching them.
love the DTW airport.. i live in columbus so I fly through it rather regularly, awesome video i never even knew what a prince ruperts drop was till now and im fascimnated.. i need to learn more about it
15:40 This seems like surface tension causing the resin to become absorbed into the newly created microcavities in the bulb, thereby creating a void below the drop. The drop naturally fragments with larger gaps along the outside of curves, allowing more resin to flow in that side versus the top side. As well, there could also be some resin curing time differences coming into play where the upper portion of resin is more cured.
Very cool experiment. Fascinating to see the shockwaves inside the epoxy resin. I'm thinking if you lit it with a polarized light with a polarized filter in front of the camera, the shockwaves would be considerably more visible. This is like how we inspect a clear acrylic injection molded part to see stresses within.
If there's another attempt at this, maybe get the PRDs made from different colors of glass, if that's possible. I think it would help it to stand out more against the resin (or anything else you try to capture the explosion in) for some better contrast on what's happening.
@@chrissimpson453 pardon my inexcellence of potraying my means by lack of knowledge in proper english language. What I meant by contain is the structure of liquid resin shows better simulation when impact happened while hold is literally hold the impact like a solid cement would. Im still not sure if that explainmy previous statement better or just add more confusion 🤷😄
I never tire of these videos. I never knew a PRD could have enough of a concussive force to emit a Shockwave. Would love to see this replicated in ballistics gel, gelatin and of course, a non-newtonian fluid (if clear ones exist).
I mean, maybe the gloves for the epoxy splashes, but the glass particles are too small to do significant damage to skin, and too large and heavy to be dangerous for lungs. He's fine dude.
@David Smith I would hate getting those glass particles into my lungs. I think an average person would gasp at the explosion, and sucking them right in. Do this a few times on camera and a few times off, it adds up.
I have studied the Prince Ruperts drop and its properties quite a bit. As you were explaining earlier in the video the glass contracts when it cools, most of the time there is an air bubble in the drop during the manufacturing due to general handling and sometimes the Leidenfrost effect when the metal is much more cold than the molten glass, the air gets compressed during the contraction of the glass, the epoxy resin is not as good at containing the pressure as the glass so the air trapped inside was able to expand when it was shattered. Based on my calculations and research, the atmospheric pressure in the center of it drops to 672 megapascals, roughly 97400 PSI and this is INSANE!
When that bubble formed in the epoxy it looked like the shock of the drop breaking tore a seem in the epoxy after it had hardened but before it was done cooling. It was invisible because the epoxy was pressed up against itself, but once it cooled the contracting epoxy allowed air in to reveal the seem.
This was great! I think it would be FANTASTIC to try this again, only use colored glass, and even multi-colored glass that would help you track the particles better than just clear glass. Thanks a ton!!
I’ve never heard of Prince Rupert drops before but that is something that’s so amazing to me it really amazes me when I saw you shoot it with a bullet the bullet exploded and then just the vibration going down broke the tail which caused it to explode absolutely amazing as always thank you so much for sharing
Man! Just absolutely amazing!! The test at 18:04 really surprised me! Its amazing to see all that energy shooting forward like that, and it makes me wonder if something of the sort could be used for practical purposes, since the PRD seems to be a way of almost "storing" a bunch of energy that can be directed wherever you like, like an explosive without any chemical reaction required! PS: I realize its too late to say this, but the lack of a face shield made me extremely worried for your safety the whole time lmao
Just an theory I had when you said cavitation bubbles in the epoxy. Could the expansion of the glass cause a vacuum bubble like cavitation that is collapsing back into it's self and that be the reason you're not getting shards flying out into the epoxy
If you're an academic who would like to collaborate on a paper on this topic please reach out. I have lots of data that I didn't share in this video and I think we've made some significant contributions to the body of knowledge in this area. The main reason I wanted to perform this experiment was to better understand the radial fragmentation distribution of the Prince Rupert's Drop. After this experiment, I'm not so sure it works like I originally thought.
Also, I really wanted a Prince Rupert's Drop shirt. If you'd like one, as well here's the link! www.smartereveryday.com/store
Thanks again to everyone who supports Smarter Every Day on Patreon. I'm sincerely grateful! www.patreon.com/smartereveryday
:)
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Can we just appreciate for a moment how Amazing his videos are
could you make a rupert sphere. and how about encasing the tail in something very vibration absorbing, thus making it much tougher. Maybe a substance very particular like non newtonian liquids. Something that really soaks up vibration energy because that's what kills otherwise very strong glass.
I just finished the video, and I was thinking how cool it would look if you use the schlieren method in the slo-motion footage? does the breaking of a drop cause shockwaves in the air?
“Close your mouth” could also apply to me while I’m watching this footage.
Hello Master of slow mo
Oh hi B 👋
*_CEDDERS!_*
Love you guys!
It would be really cool if y’all collaborated on something like this with the super slow mo cam at like 1,000,000 fps
You should try deep-pour slowcure epoxy resin next time. It's less exothermic and allows more time to get the right viscocity.
They could also try submerging the epoxy box in an ice water bath while it sets to slow the reaction even more!
@@thomaswalters7117 cooling the outside of the box will increase the temperature differential and thus the cure time between the middle of the box and the outside. Epoxy cures from the inside out.
the whole time im just thinking, if they want a jelly like consistency, why not use clear jello?
@@maggswastaken Yup, balistics gel and use a dark coloured glass for contrast
@@maggswastaken jell-o would just explode. Ballistics gel is a better option.
Three recommendations here:
- Try letting the resin fully harden, I'm curious if the shockwave is powerful enough to shatter the hardened resin.
- Try ballistics gel instead of resin. This should more fully capture the 3d visualization of the drop shattering.
- Try clear gelatin, as the ballistics gel may be slightly too hard to allow the glass shards to travel through it.
I loved this video and am fascinated by just how FAST these things shatter!
Yeah I thought ballistics gel would work way better, not sure why they didn't try different mediums.
Or that soft plastic used to make fishing baits
Same thoughts in letting it fully harden. Would also like to see everything but 1” of the head submerged then let it harden and shoot it and or bang with hammer. If the shock wave can’t move the tail perhaps we can see how hard it really is.
Having played with epoxy resin quite a bit once it's fully cured the PRD wouldn't have enough force to break the block.
@@bbrandonh ballistics gel would be super interesting i think! It would allow for more kinetic energy to be displaced so you might get a better look at the patterns the drop creates
The way you can see the epoxy move is FASCINATING. Fluid dynamics are amazing.
Love the video! Homogeneous viscosity and hardness is definitely possible. Seems like your resin was struggling with thermal runaway but reducing the volume was a smart move! If you're doing resin experiments in the future and would like any tips just let us know :)
The resin people have arrived!
I was about to comment that this is the collab we need
I was wondering how long it'd take you two to get here. =P
I would love to see a collab with y'all.
literally about to write, "Just call E&K to solve all your resin problems"
I was expecting you to let the epoxy solidify completely before popping the drops but this is cool too.
Same
Same
Same
i think they wanted to analyze the waves that a very thick substance formed around the explosion
Me, too. That would've been really cool to see.
If you want to try this again, try doing it in water and use Laponite RD (rheology modifier). 2% of laponite in water will gel the water enough to suspend a marble. When you add shear (the drop exploding) it will thin to water consistency and then rethicken immediately. Might make for better photography.
This should be upvoted higher
He wanted something for his desk most of all.
Sounds interesting 🤔
If the internet was made of more of videos like this the world would be a better place. Thank you.
I'm curious if a two headed drop can be made and will it work the same
No
@@idonthaveaname42 Incorrect, yes, but it's extremely difficult.
You would need to make a drop large enough to separate into two large drops so that there was a thin shared tail between them. Maybe if you dropped molten glass off a high drive into a swimming pool, there would be enough time for the drops to separate into conjoined blobs.
Maybe if you dropped a blob of hot glass onto a wire above the water to split it into two drops with one tail
@@CoolAsFreya good idea. But I think a nail-like protrusion would be better, so that only the thick head splits, and the thin tail stays.
It would require precise control where to drop the glass.
I hope Destin/someone tries to make one!
I’d love to see this done with clear ballistics gel.
I think it would disintegrate the first inch of jelly around the PRD.
Yes, or maybe something similar that can harden afterwards. Maybe with UV light etc.
I was thinking ballistics gel would be good too because it'll be more consistent
plastisol
@@truefiasco2637 what if the vice grips were also embedded halfway in the ballistic gel?
Clear ballistic gel could help you with the perfect amount of goopyness. It's real easy to cast, and you can set the "springback" very accurately.
my thoughts on the issues here compared to the desired outcome
how do you set the "springback"? i know how to cast but setting is a bit difficult
@@chadwilson7754 It's like pouring urethane. By carefully controlling the ratio between casting solution and hardener, you can arbitrarily set a final shore harness. It's how they can make skate/longboard wheels so consistent. Only difference is ballistic gel is on the softer side of the shore scale, and it's usually engineered to be as transparent as possible to allow for better viewing of bullet paths.
I was going to say exactly the same thing.
I also wondered about this
I think an issue was the too small container. As you pointed out yourself, a shock wave hit the outer walls of the container and was then reflected back to the explosion stopping the explosion from expanding.
If you do this again you might try resin meant for casting. This kind of epoxy is formulated for making strong thin surfaces, and as you found can kick unevenly from self-generated heat.
I'm open to brand suggestions!
I’m not sure on brands, but people use resins for art, and they are clear too.
There is one called “ArtResin”, go figure.
Art Cast should have a slow cure resin. I know Nick Zammeti uses Entropy Resins for deep pours. Also check a couple of Ben's Worx videos as he does big resin pours too. I THINK he uses Art Cast but I'm second guessing my memory at the moment.
You can also check out Shop Time with Peter Brown, he does some pretty large reain pours too. He uses Total Boat for his pours.
@@smartereveryday ARe you going to try this again with a different resin? I hope so. It was really cool, and it would be even more cool to see it even clearer! Thanks for all the great content!
*PS. You could try checking Ben's Worx videos as mentioned above, he gets some really clear eggs and stuff!^^
I think to best capture separate fragments of the PRD you'll want to use a "Bingham Plastic" fluid. These types of fluids are solid at low shear stresses but liquid at high shear stress. If you can find the right fluid it should hopefully be thin enough to shear during the explosion and then become solid immediately as the explosion slows.
So a reverse ooblick
That sounds promising. The pressure of the resin was collapsing the drop back in on itself. That might solve the problem.
Does the reverse exist as a sort of shock-sensitive epoxy? Something that will be a slow-cure resin under normal conditions, but give it a good shockwave and it solidifies immediately and with enough recovery time/hysteresis to hold the fragments in place until the resin can fully cure?
Don’t know Bingham Plastic, but it sounds like the fluid you’re describing is thixotropic.
@@MendTheWorld Thixotropic is a related term where the viscosity is time-dependent after a force is applied. These is some overlap with these fluid categories. Common Bingham plastic fluids are mayonnaise and toothpaste. I'm not sure of a Bingham plastic fluid that would be suitable for this experiment. Maybe a certain kind of molten polymer?
Whoever took the time to make the captions, I commend you for your work disclosing every single sound effect
"affirmative grunts"
US and International HS physics teacher for 24 years now. Your enthusiasm and honesty about your process is inspiring for myself and my students. Your passion for PRDs is terrific stuff. Keep up the good work. You are making a difference.
I'd love to see the effect on the resin if you allowed it to cure completely before breaking the tail of the PRD. Would the shock crack the epoxy, or would the force be contained?
If the epoxy couldn't hold it, you might get Prince Rupert's Bomb.
That, I believe would give them the ideal for the results they were looking for, I think. They should have suspended a drop in the liquid epoxy, and kept it in the vacuum chamber until it hardened. THEN, when they broke it, it would give them an ideal view into the shatter distribution.
Depending on the epoxy used, it might crack, but I doubt it would shatter or become a bomb simply because of the much greater mass of epoxy used.
I've already seen someone try that. I don't remember who, but a quick search should fix that.
@@EbeneezerSquid thats not what they were trying tho. Once its hard it doesnt have that viscosity anymore that allows them to see exactly whats going on. Basically it would break similarish to when broken without the resin id presume.
That epoxy has a compression strength of about 9 to 15 thousand psi. Depending on the brand it definitely won’t become a bomb!! It won’t even crack
I feel that you should just use clear ballistic gel! I don't foresee it having the force to move it and you have the option to set them in and allow it to fully solidify around it and see the force and reaction through the gel!
I was just going to say Ballistic gel, but it's not super stable afterwards...depending how long they want to keep it. If Taofledermaus gets the Bait Gel stuff to be clear instead of yellow it would be a better substitute than Ballistics gel to have a frozen exploded PRD.
Tweak the mix for a softer cure might even get a distribution pattern
Yea that's what I thought of as soon as he was didn't let the epoxy set before doin it. I thought he was going to let epoxy set up and do it from teh title.
I was thinking the same sort of thing! Ballistics gel is literally designed for capturing explosives and seeing how they behave in things!
This is some top shelf slow-mo content. Whoever thought of this Rupert's drop / epoxy thing struck gold. Cheers and thanks for sharing your fun and experimentation with the world.
"I guess it exploded, like everything else..." genuine joyful laughter. You, and this channel are a gift. Thank you.
I love that you showed the entire first day of things going wrong. This is science, and if youtube videos don't show that part, children get really discouraged when things don't go their way with experiments. As educators (both formally and just as parents), we need to normalize failure of first N attempts, and the strive to keep trying. This is the way
That was one of the things I always loved about Mythbusters. Failure is always an option. And in science we often learn more from failure than we end up learning from success. I've even seen experiments where the eventual success was only understood because of the previous failures. Science is at least as much the journey as it is the destination.
You could have just typed, "amount of attempts" or "number of attempts"
"The first N attempts" triggers my PTSD from the math class lol
The other side of this coin is the channels that only show successes make kids think being a successful UA-camr is easy and they can make that their career without effort. They seem to believe that a 5 minute video takes maybe 10 minutes to produce, and they will never have to really work again.
"This is the way."
Well said!
It would be interesting to see the drop break in a large tank of water.
How big would the cavitation bubble get and would we get a light flash?
It does get a flash. You can trigger a bomb or explosives with that you don't need a cap
Or some 'oil' - less liquid than water, yet still clear.
I've heard of these years ago when reading about Prince Rupert and his remarkable life. This is the first time I've seen them created, so thanks for that.
Hey! My research group and I(at MIT) just filmed some exploding Prince Rupert's drops at 492,754fps through a polariscope. It looks really cool! All of the internal stress patterns are very visible. There is actually a stress wave that propagates through the drop far ahead of the actual explosion front. It actually creates a standing wave within the glass between the end of the bulb and the explosion front. This standing wave increases in frequency as the explosion moves closer to the bulb head until it finally shatters too. You might find it very interesting. I am currently editing footage to put on my channel, but I thought that you of all people might be very interested in this.
Very cool. Speaking as a random viewer, please, keep us posted.
When you end the editing of this video please write here a response. I really want to see it!
Where can I find the footage?
I’m sorry to comment so much but brake the tail while the whole thing is in a vacuum chamber.
Following
Destin: "We may end up with an asymmetric fragmentation distribution because the viscosity might not be homogeneous."
Trent: "Yes."
Why do people post trash like this?
It's not that complex a statement. Might be more fragments on one side because the resin might be more viscous on one side.
@@xx_redwood_xx9737 yes
@@digitalcitizen4533 yes
@@xx_redwood_xx9737 yes
What a calm and measured, "I guess it exploded, like everything else."
Glad you stayed safe, shared a bit of the danger, and brought us along to learn things.
That's the calmest I've ever heard someone talk about an explosion.
I would love to see how the PRD responds to hardened epoxy where it cannot expand. Always love your content!
lol when i first started working with resins i had all of the same issues you were having until I got better resins and learned the mixing/vaccum/timing. great video!
This... I made a similar comment. I hope he sees these comments. It hurt me watching this, knowing what was going to happen due to the cheap epoxy and poor mixing technique. lol
woo buddy that mixing technique. or lack of mixing. making me cringe.
Bruh tf are u guys doing that you're buying "resins"
@@lucian5389 Idk if you're being cheeky, but the word "epoxy" refers to the solid end product, which is made from mixing polyepoxide resin with a reactive prepolymer resin.
Tldr: "Resin" is the appropriate word for uncured liquid "epoxy".
@@milkandcookyz Yeah, I immediately knew this wasn't going to work like he was hoping the moment I saw what he was using to mix the resin haha. The single most important thing to know about doing epoxy is that the resin has to be mixed INCREDIBLY well to cure homogeneously, if at all. Learned that the hard way years ago haha.
Thanks for letting me help you record 😁 Great video!
Thanks for the help!
i remember watching your gang beast videos all the time, man that brings me back to the good old days of legobawse.
Respectfully, you should not phrase your comment this way. It comes off as, "Thanks for letting me shine your shoes".
@@Phil8sheo Recording a video with someone is hardly the same as shining their shoes, but I understand what you mean.
@@Bodhi_Zypha No issue here, your comment didn't give me that sort of bad vibe 🙂
He's like a kid in a candy store....and I love that about his channel.
I've seen this video in my feed hundreds of times and NEVER watched it. Bay, am I dumb! This is one of the coolest things I have ever seen.
Loved it. Just a thought: would you get the effect that you're after if the PRD was set in ballistic gel?
He wanted to capture the wave midway.. So waiting for it to smoke and insert at that right moment approach.. Slow curing won't work here..
I'd use agar-agar. It can be made cold and it's super clear for a gel. What's cool about that is you can cast a tool for breaking the tail in with it and encase the entire thing in ballistic gel so it can't easily draw in air like the observation that was made when they finally got it.
It’ll just blow the gel apart
That'd be easy to setup. Just cast it in the gel and let it setup. Make it thicker if you want to reduce the size of the shockwave.
@@mattsnyder4754 surely that would depend on the size of the block of gel. I'm no expert at all but I have seen ballistic gel survive high velocity, large calibre bullets on youtube.
Though it wasn't easy to capture the drop in resin, I'd love to see more of the thin "squiggly" tail captured. Each one would be totally unique and make a great item to add to your store. Awesome vid!
Yes I want to buy this so bad!
I think we can all agree Destin + Prince Rupert Drops equals UA-cam magic.
RedKB jumpscare
and also EXPLOSIVE!
Yep
Prince Rupert's DRIP
5:15🤣🤣🤣🤣You got me with "interperlate" I'm dying over here. Love your videos. Keep up the good work!
Would a clear silicone be a good option? Something that cures almost like ballistics gelatin. Or maybe just clear gelatin! Some kind of firm gel.
Was also thinking about how it would look like when poping it in ballistic gel 👍
My thoughts too
YESSS BALLISTICS GEL!!!
I don´t think ballistic gels really have the rheological profile needed here, plus, they form optical inhomogeneieties once damaged, counterproductive to the purpose.
@Klawofodin me too after I already commented
I was curious to know what would happen if you were to allow the epoxy to set first before bursting it
Yep. I was really hoping to see that.
I’d assume you’d be left with powdered glass sitting in the space where the drop occupied
@@ian5766 exactly
Yes, the first thing I wondered - why do the break while the resin is still viscous? Maybe this experiment would be better using a ballistic gel...
18:05 I'm amazed at how much energy is stored in this thing!
I appreciate the ABSOLUTE DEDICATION!
In case you ever want to try this again, epoxy kicks way faster if its too deep! If you want to slow down the cure to get the perfect "sweet spot" try mixing in shallower batches in multiple cups
And don't mix it in the sun. The sunlight makes it kick so much faster.
10:47 i was expecting you to let the epoxy actually fully harden with the bead suspended in it before breaking it. Then you'll see probably a much prettier result
Ditto. There would be no room for expansion for the drop when it blew and you may end up with a great looking piece set in the epoxy.
@@RichardGailey worst case is it explodes, but hey thats science 😆
I was hoping for the same experiment. Fully hardened epoxy please.
@@anarchond no it wouldn’t, even just decent quality epoxy is super strong once fully cured.
Rupert's drop in hard epoxy pretty much just turns white. I think it needs to be pretty firm but still liquid enough to run into the cavity left by the exploding drop. Hard to do.
As others here have said - a coloured glass drop in clear resin would add more contrast!
As a materials engineer & glassblower, you could not hit more of my top interests in one video. Super fun!
Anyone here whose immediate reaction to Prince Rupert's Tears is to think about early King Crimson? 😏
I have done a bit of epoxy work, and the brand I use (Totalboat) actually says to not use a mixer/drill. Probably OK for your purpose, but I did not read that warning before I laid a bar top, and had major problems with the epoxy curing right. Subsequent pours were all perfect, where we hand mixed. Another suggestion, put one of these PRDs into ballistic gel!
My wife was screaming at you for “doing it wrong” with regards to the epoxy. Her point being that you’re mixing it way too fast which is causing the epoxy to cure too quickly (also causing the larger exothermic reaction). There would be fewer lines in the epoxy and it should have more of the viscosity your seemed to be going for.
This person's understanding may significantly help the project if you do it again. ( I say this TO SmarterEvertDay, Sorry for my bad grammar.)
YES THANKYOU!! It can be mixed easily by hand there’s no reason to make a mix o matic 5000, also I was thinking it would add more air to the mixture (although it will be vacuumed to remove it, it’s still not ideal)
Yup, was hoping for someone to explain this.
I use to think using a drill would help, but made it much worse.
Mixing by hand for a couple of minutes until no streaks are visible 👌
LOL yes every tumbler maker in the craft world is going NOOOO your mixing it way to fast :P And to many striations in it HEHE
My thought was that he was introducing too much air into the mixture. Like when pulling taffy or making a merengue
This would be cool with a polarized filter to see the internal stresses in the glass and Ballistic gel. Perhaps a layer of oil above the epoxy so it doesn't suck air after the explosion.
The shockwave would force the oil up and out everywhere which would probably be hot because of the exothermic reaction happening
@@marshall7170 There's this peculiar device called a lid, we put those on tupperware so that food doesn't try to run away from fridges, maybe that will keep the oil inside, just make a little hole in it for the prince rupert's tear and you're golden.
I think a polariscope would give a better visual of the shock wave propagation from the PRD and transferring stress to the epoxy and the plexiglass.
Maybe use a fresh batch of epoxy on top so there isnt any refraction from the different fluids
You know it's going to be a good one when Destin makes another video about Prince Rupert's Drops. We are in for a treat
@Don't Read My Profile Photo what a pathetic human 😂
This video popped into my feed this morning and it was a great way to start my day - Thank you!
You should consider “deep pour” epoxy. woodworkers used it to fill large voids and comes clear as glass… they tend to take much longer to set that this finishing epoxy, but it should set with a more even viscosity and it should give you a larger window of time to work with…. I love your videos
I‘d love to see this experiment in polarized light and filmed through a polarizer filter. I hope to see the stress gradient in the epoxy and the Prince Rupert Drop.
To any one that saw the WhatsApp reply be careful it's a scam
Exactly what I want to see too. Will probably see stress in the box too which would be cool but might interfere with the seeing it in drop, but worth a try. Hmmm, maybe film from above, or shatter in air.
Just want to say thanks for this, Destin. Tours of facilities are cool and all, but these old- school science project videos are still my favorite.
That last one was the one! Y’all did such a good job! I work with epoxy so this was cool to see!😮
You should try this in gelatine. I feel you could do a mass set up having them fully solidified. I think it would distribute the fragments easier.
I was thinking ballistics gelatin too.
@Brett Hilbert He didn't think about it because he's just copying someone else's recent video.
This is still in my mind from the last video: Rupert's drop created in freefall/zero-g. It wouldn't have a tail, would it just be a super strong glass sphere?
the solidification of the rupert drop has absolutely nothing to do with gravity. why do you think something out of the ordinary would happen?
@@danielsteger8456 the tail is formed because of the way the glass stretches as it’s dropped into the water. It can’t be dropped without gravity, but it could probably still be quenched without gravity. The question is asking what would happen in that case
@@danielsteger8456 well the reason it gets its tail is because its falling right?
@@danielsteger8456 absolutely nothing to do with gravity?
How do you think the blob of glass coming out of the furnace ends up in the water? Gravity.
Yes. Similar to your car windows (the ones on the door) being impervious to most impacts. Only once you bend the window far enough or scratch the surface hard enough it will break. Same goes for the ball. It will be just really really strong ball.
Next time just cover the top of the surface in more fresh epoxy or something right before its broken, so it will cover any inlet for air. so if its pulling air in it would just pull more epoxy and change the effect. if its internal stress then it would be the same.
I believe that the cracking of the tail allows air into the internal structure of the drop and due to the way the drop is formed I speculate that there may be a void that was formed inside the drop from the internal glass retracting after the outer glass already hardened. My logic in this reasoning is that the outer shell is like a container for the rest of the expanded glass and as it cools off it retracts and the molten glass either creates a pocket that would normally fill immediately with air if air was present or stretch out the molten glass as it retracts forming void bubbles in the stretched glass due to there not being enough material to fill the gaps that were made present when the internal glass retracted. So when you break the tail due to the air being pulled into the internal structure the force of the air filling the voids is enough to start shattering the walls that would be between the nearby pockets which creates the effect of the drop exploding out from the tail towards the middle of the drop. Due to the most void pockets being present in the middle of the drop, the force of air filling that space causes an outwards explosion. That is just my thought on the matter and what I believe may possibly be happening. It would be difficult to test if this were the case because you would need to test breaking the tail in an area that is void of any oxygen such as breaking the tail in a vacuum. The idea comes from the way water being poured from a bottle and how if you hold an open bottle upsidedown it is slow to pour the contents out because the air rushing into the bottle to fill the void behind the liquid also partially blocks the opening at the neck of the bottle and how the void needs to be filled first before the liquid can leave the bottle or container.
It is a lot, but I believe this may be a reasonable explanation, but who really knows.
I used to build composite parts of jets for the military. If you need more build time before the epoxy "goes off", we would put the epoxy into a refrigerator to slow the exothermic reaction. You could do this before or after the mix of the two component strata depending on what your needs are.
Hi. Love your videos. This one is great ... but there's a lot of room for improvement with regard to your epoxy processing. 1) Use an appropriate epoxy: The one you are using is meant for surface finishing in thin layers. Making big quantities in deep sections is a bad idea, as the exotherm will be so high, the cure will be uncontrollable, and a fire risk. 2) Mix, mix, mix! Mix until clear, then transfer to another container, and mix some more. 3) Removing bubbles with a vacuum only results in boiling of one of the epoxy components, changing the ratio slightly. Probably won't make much difference, but all those bubbles coming out of the epoxy are not trapped air bubbles. I would *LOVE* to see one of those results sawn in half, and put under a microscope!! Keep up the good work.
I don't know why, but after the 1st attempt, I pictured in my mind "boiling" a bunch of glue sticks & pouring that over the Prince...
I came to say basically the same thing, lol. Mix more and maybe use a deep pour epoxy. And smaller containers was a good idea!
Use a mixing nozzle, dump first bit out from nozzle then feed from the bottom of mold. Use a epoxy with slower set time that will help with the bubbles and exothermic run away.
I feel like an art resin would do what he was going for. There are a number of good brands, some ok brands are available at craft stores like Michaels.
Thank you!! Watching the resin flash-cure like that was so painful
Could you do diffrent colored glass? I'm just wondering how colorfully the explosion might look!
Love the video (as always), but would have loved to see a version once the epoxy had solidified. Would be interesting to see a solid-state environment to contain the explosion, both in slow-motion and as a completed work.
I came to the comments to suggest this as well!
That's what I thought the video was gonna be about tbh
Yea idk why they didn’t just do that
@@Jarjarvideos Me too.
same. plz do it.
Returning to the vid after having to pause for a long while (something needed my attention) and hitting play at 9:42 made what you said next sound like pure technobabble.
It was so great haha.
9:40 Double check the max depth of the resin. The yellow, steam, and the waves mean the resin is WAY too thick. The thicker the poor, the hotter it gets. Faster resins have a much smaller max thickness
Yup. All I can really say about this video is Destin didn't read the instructions, and totally screwed up a bunch of resin.
Yeah, casting resin may have been better. I'd love to see them experiment a bit more with this concept. Such a cool video!
Back to the roots with the Prince Rupert’s Drop. Love it, it was my first video and how I fell in love with SmarterEveryDay
Prince Rupert's DRIP
I'd love to see a PRD exploding in ballistic gel! I imagine it looking a bit like a Hoberman Sphere.
That wing like structure looks like a crack, not sure if it's from the epoxy not being solid enough or being too solid. High viscosity gel can peel apart in chunks, but I wonder if the epoxy would break if it was completely solidified.
I second this. I think there are some good advantages to using gelatin or some other kind of gelling agent. It's not nearly as time sensitive, and unlike timing the viscosity of rapidly hardening epoxy, once it's fully cured the viscosity of a gelled substance is based on the amount of gelling agent you use. This would allow you to create multiple samples of varying states of viscosity to test ahead of time, then create easy to follow recipes to repeat the experiment. Another advantage is that gelling agents dissolve fully in hot liquid and then solidify slowly. No need to off gas the mixture, and you should be able to just clamp the PRD in position, wait for the mixture to cure, and get a crystal clear medium every time. Lastly, gelatin is far cheaper than epoxy.
@@shahared1 I agree with the measurable viscosity of ballistic gel, there are meters that test that, saw it being used on a channel that cuts open shoes and tests the resistance of the cushions and pressure of the air pockets.
However it's not a replacement for epoxy resin, it's a different experiment. Epoxy is meant to keep the PRD from expanding to see the shatter pattern. If the epoxy isn't solid enough to resist expansion it allows the PRD to continue shattering into smaller fragments which make it cloudy, but if the resin is hard enough it provides support to limit the spread of the cracks revealing their path.
This was my exact thought when he said he was using epoxy. I was like "why not ballistics gel". Would it not properly retain the shape of the explosion?
@@shahared1 My biggest question with that method is that I think that the number of fragments will make it appear cloudy - I don't think you will get a good view in ballistic gel. The fact that the epoxy hasn't set completely enables it to close the gaps created by the fragments completely.
It's a rather cheap test to do, though. It's worth a shot.
I’d like to see this as well. With the high speed cameras, the distribution of fragments in the ballistic gelatin should be visible.
.
Also! Just try regular food store clear gelatin!
Cause there’s always room for Jello
The shockwave through the epoxy on the second attempt was phenominal! I would definitely purchase the third one as paper weight for my desk.
I've always been curious wha would happen if someone took a flame to the tail of a Prince Ruperts Drop. Would it cause the drop to shatter? would it melt the tail off leaving the rest unaffected? (and if so, is the Drop just as resilient or does it leave one weak spot where the tail used to remain?
I would like to see this.
The stress would be relived in the area they heated up again
@@nopeleslie2176 Unless they dropped it in water like the original drop!?
Do it
Someone get on this!
Destin, your child-like joy of learning is inspiring. Thanks for bringing us along with you.
That moment at 16:42 when you both see the reflection of the shockwave is so great. I love your excitement.
You are amazing. I absolutely live watching your Chanel. I try myself to get smarter everyday. Whether watching a science channel for a little while or doing experiments with things at home. Science, electronics, electricity, and construction are all fields I live to learn about and you help me do that. And I want to say thank you for that. Keep being incredible…and I’ll keep watching!!!
I always wanted to know if you heated up and melted the tail off, does the ball maintain its strength?
I've tried to do that but the stress in the piece doesn't allow for any heat to be used, The ones i tried always exploded
,😚🧐
I can't see that working. Heating it would destabilize that outer surface, and allow the explosion reaction to happen.
Hi Destin, great video!
As many have suggested below, there are different types of epoxy, that can be poured thicker.
Also, after the drop has already exploded, you could try to highlight the shatter pattern with a few drops of dye
Again, great video!
I love how excited Destin is when things come together! It's clear he really loves this.
It's the best part of any SmarterEveryDay video.
That was so cool. Glad you figured it out. Well done. Just my 1 cent
I’d love to see what happens when the epoxy resin is completely set and cool and then the drop gets snipped.
Some people have said use a slow set deep pour resin and I totally agree and also someone mentioned ballistic gel, that’s an awesome idea! Send some to clear ballistic labs and have them make some into blocks of at all possible!
Not sure if this has been suggested in the comments anywhere but have you thought about trying ballistics gel? Like the kind used in testing the transfer of energy from projectiles to a target? They make kits that people mix themselves then some hours later (not sure but think its 24-48 hours) you have a block ready to go. The gel may would allow for more fragmented expansion. Wasn't sure exactly what you were goin for but excellent job and you got some BEAUTIFUL videos to show for it. Awesome Job.
My favorite line of the whole video is what makes me love Destin because of our common nerdiness... he said "what this might also mean is we may end up with an asymmetric fragmentation distribution because the viscosity might not be homogeneous". Love the vids. like im addicted to watching them.
love the DTW airport.. i live in columbus so I fly through it rather regularly, awesome video i never even knew what a prince ruperts drop was till now and im fascimnated.. i need to learn more about it
15:40 This seems like surface tension causing the resin to become absorbed into the newly created microcavities in the bulb, thereby creating a void below the drop. The drop naturally fragments with larger gaps along the outside of curves, allowing more resin to flow in that side versus the top side. As well, there could also be some resin curing time differences coming into play where the upper portion of resin is more cured.
I think the resin is cooling faster on the sides therefore it compresses from outside.
Very cool experiment. Fascinating to see the shockwaves inside the epoxy resin. I'm thinking if you lit it with a polarized light with a polarized filter in front of the camera, the shockwaves would be considerably more visible. This is like how we inspect a clear acrylic injection molded part to see stresses within.
If there's another attempt at this, maybe get the PRDs made from different colors of glass, if that's possible. I think it would help it to stand out more against the resin (or anything else you try to capture the explosion in) for some better contrast on what's happening.
A blue PRD would look great! 💙
The process is amazing, and very interesting. The outcome is beautiful, in its own 'strong swimmer' looking kinda way
Am I the only one who wanted him to put it In and wait until the epoxy got solid and then pop it?
No I thought that’s what it would be to begin with
Yeah I'm wondering why he didn't.
me too but then the solid resin would hold the blast area instead of contain it.
@@rrrigil isn't holding and containing basically the same thinf
@@chrissimpson453 pardon my inexcellence of potraying my means by lack of knowledge in proper english language. What I meant by contain is the structure of liquid resin shows better simulation when impact happened while hold is literally hold the impact like a solid cement would.
Im still not sure if that explainmy previous statement better or just add more confusion 🤷😄
Your content is amazing to watch with my young son who loves science! Thank you for creating things we both love to watch together.
This was cool but I'm surprised you didn't try letting the epoxy harden completely around the drop
because the powder would just fall to the bottom of the cavity and not be held in position.
@@russellzauner The PRD isn't hollow.
They wanted some give in the fluid so they could see the distribution of fragments mid-explosion
I was waiting for that :(
@@roarkeburnett8208 Yeah I suspect that fully hardened, the resin would crack with the drop, but I'd still like to see how it would look
Awsome job. Did you calculate the travel speed when it brakes-explodes?
Awesome video as always. Should definitely wear a respirator for that glass powder, as well as the fumes from the epoxy
I never tire of these videos. I never knew a PRD could have enough of a concussive force to emit a Shockwave. Would love to see this replicated in ballistics gel, gelatin and of course, a non-newtonian fluid (if clear ones exist).
Oooh, non-newtonian. Thats a good one!
For a guy that is so smart... a face shield and gloves would go a long way in this experiment.
Science is particle accelerators and atom bombs -Mr Grooberson
Safety 3rd in Bama, roll tide
I mean, maybe the gloves for the epoxy splashes, but the glass particles are too small to do significant damage to skin, and too large and heavy to be dangerous for lungs.
He's fine dude.
Not to mention a mat underneath,
THERE IS GLASS ALL OVER THE PARK.
@David Smith I would hate getting those glass particles into my lungs. I think an average person would gasp at the explosion, and sucking them right in. Do this a few times on camera and a few times off, it adds up.
I have studied the Prince Ruperts drop and its properties quite a bit. As you were explaining earlier in the video the glass contracts when it cools, most of the time there is an air bubble in the drop during the manufacturing due to general handling and sometimes the Leidenfrost effect when the metal is much more cold than the molten glass, the air gets compressed during the contraction of the glass, the epoxy resin is not as good at containing the pressure as the glass so the air trapped inside was able to expand when it was shattered.
Based on my calculations and research, the atmospheric pressure in the center of it drops to 672 megapascals, roughly 97400 PSI and this is INSANE!
When that bubble formed in the epoxy it looked like the shock of the drop breaking tore a seem in the epoxy after it had hardened but before it was done cooling. It was invisible because the epoxy was pressed up against itself, but once it cooled the contracting epoxy allowed air in to reveal the seem.
The epoxy contracting from the inside is the same principle that creates Prince Rupert drops in the first place, right?
That's what I thought too. Also, does the high pressure of the shock wave 'speed cure' the epoxy at all?
It's just a fracture line in the epoxy
9:43 “ Destins says a lot of big words to accompany his hypothesis”
Dude next to him holding the box of shattered glass : “ yes”
This was great! I think it would be FANTASTIC to try this again, only use colored glass, and even multi-colored glass that would help you track the particles better than just clear glass. Thanks a ton!!
The first video of yours I watched was the Rupert’s Drop vs bullet, and it was awesome!!
Thanks for being an awesome creator and making the world a smarter and better place.
I’ve never heard of Prince Rupert drops before but that is something that’s so amazing to me it really amazes me when I saw you shoot it with a bullet the bullet exploded and then just the vibration going down broke the tail which caused it to explode absolutely amazing as always thank you so much for sharing
Man! Just absolutely amazing!!
The test at 18:04 really surprised me! Its amazing to see all that energy shooting forward like that, and it makes me wonder if something of the sort could be used for practical purposes, since the PRD seems to be a way of almost "storing" a bunch of energy that can be directed wherever you like, like an explosive without any chemical reaction required!
PS: I realize its too late to say this, but the lack of a face shield made me extremely worried for your safety the whole time lmao
"It's like we wait for the potion to get ready..." Now THAT'S funny, lol. This is such a cool video.
Just an theory I had when you said cavitation bubbles in the epoxy. Could the expansion of the glass cause a vacuum bubble like cavitation that is collapsing back into it's self and that be the reason you're not getting shards flying out into the epoxy
Loved seeing the iterations on the experiment setup! I wonder what this would look like with a thermal camera.
Resin gets pretty warm as it cures so it may just be a mess on thermal
I did not fully realize how strong the drops are
then watch the videos with the hydraulic press
can you do this in a longer container so that we get the whole tail in? absolutely loved this video! so interesting!
At least if the whole tail was in it wouldn’t pull in air but epoxy