Just in case of any misunderstanding, there's no suggestion of liquid water on or near the surface of the Moon. Some craters near the Poles where sunlight never reaches and temperatures are close to zero Kelvin are believed to contain large deposits of ice. These deposits may be available for use by lunar bases. Water also exists in chemical combination with other matter in some locations.
@@SabineHossenfelder just to put a point to this, the actual water content is about as wet as sahara desert sand. not exactly a swimming pool. the He3 content so low even with real fusion it may not breakeven.
Dr. Hossenfelder, you are the perfect combination of professionalism and humor. Those of us who really study physics know that you are an entirely different calibre of intellect than these popular physics personas like Neil DeGrasse Tyson and Michio Kaku. You're the real deal, and yet you manage to maintain levity and clarity in your discussions and explanations. Exactly what we need to repatriate the study of physics with brilliant young minds for the next few generations. Thank you immensely for all that you are doing for the education of the masses. You're making physics fun, which is perhaps even more impressive than your top-tier acumen in the field.
How can one repatriate anything other than a person? And since when is the study of physics a purely national phenomenon that was taken abroad? That makes no sense whatsoever?
@@aaronperelmuter8433 People who understand and want to pursue science will go abroad if the funding and education does, and frankly, the education side of this equation has been gone for decades. The repatriation in question IS a person; one with a mind which can follow the science.
Quantum bound photons, what an idea! I'm retired now but have practiced many spectrometric techniques over the years and have never considered the possibility. I wonder if it is somehow related to RAMAN spectrometry, but in reverse. Thank you Sabine for always including references to papers cited.
A prism is a mass/size spectrometer. Light is a cluster of expanding electrons. The red portion bends the least due to being a larger cluster within the ‘ white ‘ light.” The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon.
@/O/ QM classicalized in 2010. Juliana Mortenson website Forgotten Physics uncovers the hidden variables and constants and the bad math of Wien, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Einstein, Debroglie,Planck,Bohr etc. Light is a cluster of expanding electrons- particles, objects, matter- moving at the speed of light “c.” SR wrong due to reference frame mixing and bad math. No energy, charge, photons, waves, spin, fields, potential, quantum,quarks, space, time, space- time, information, aether, etc. All Standard Theory/ Model replaced by Expansion Theory: see reference.
@@davidrandell2224 Electrons have mass, photons can carry momentum but they massless...weird, I know, but you might want to revise your hypothesis a bit after verifying that.
I was pretty blown away by this too (as a fellow retired scientist). For a look at another very surprising bound state "odd couple", look up the word "positronium". It's a fleeting bound state of 1 electron with one positron...has recordable spectral transitions between allowed "molecular" orbitals and everything. Even has measurable reaction rates with ions and small molecules in molecular beam type work. There may even be EPR spectra recoded by now, I'm not sure.
@@UFO-Ark There was a competition in one of our UK newspapers, to see if a lettuce would last longer than Liz; there was even a webcam fixed on the lettuce to see how long it would take to wilt/spoil. The lettuce won!
@@TheHexCube Okay, but how would Truss use a lettuce, super or not, to return to power? Unless I'm misunderstanding, Sabine only associated the two but didn't give any meaning. If she'd said super lettuce, which Truss hopes might outlast Sunak, it would have made some sense of the association.
@@marca9955 You're absolutely correct! I think I must have a German sense of humour. Either that, or I'm trying to appear much more intelligent than I really am. Thanks for flagging this up. 🙁
@@TheHexCube Hard to read but in case you're being sarcastic (if so, super sarcastic btw 👍 ) I think Sabine could do with a little constructive criticism for her phone gags, for example. That or at least do without the encouragement to distract from the strength of the channel, which is the accessibility and lightness of the science. It's nothing personal.
You are the best science news out there! You are quick, concise, and easy to understand. You cover a lot of area in a short time, accurately and you're funny.
I can't say it better than what John Michael posted. Thank you for all that you are and do. I see that you were born in 1976, two years after I graduated high school. During that time, you have mastered Theoretical Physics, and a number of other disciplines. Also during that time, I have mastered the use of a variety of can openers. I also used to be able to dress a bed sheet with Hospital Corners. Hey, we all have our abilities. But seriously, thank you for being you.
I liked the implantable fuel cell's operating logic: when the glucose level triggers it, it releases insulin causing the device to eventually stop. Very straightforward - like a thermostat. Question: how does the insulin get "in"? All jokes asside, having an app to monitor its workings is a fine idea. Just needs appropriate encryption/access control.
Probably the insulin is stored in a bag with a "refilling port". I vaguely recall that such things are already used in some implantable medical devices.
@@jacobholmquist9994 It was an old pop culture saying that if you play pink floyd's album darkside of the moon it sync's up with the movie the wizard of oz, I'm not sure how true it is and I believe powerful mind altering substances may have also played a part.
Dude, literally *everyone* knows that the moon syncs (but not “sync’s”) up perfectly with the Wizard of Oz. 😂 BTW … Pluto IS a planet, and I’ll k1ll any man who claims otherwise. 😮
@@Steve-Fish it's true but the album has to be put on repeat. The album plays twice over top the movie. It truly does lineup. You start the album after the lions last roar. It's on UA-cam. It's titled dark side of the rainbow.
A real-time, comprehensive measurement of all your health parameters would be incredible for diagnosis, but let's make sure private companies (particularly insurance) and government agencies are expressly forbidden from touching this data.
"A superlattice is not to be confused with a superlettuce - that's how Liz Truss plans to return to power." One of these days I'll be prepared for Sabine's stand-up comedy, but today, my sides are in orbit.
6:55 eigenfunction, gauge, eigenvalues, potential, well, lowest state, membrane, hamiltonian, shrodinger time equation, psi, psi derivative, quanta, constructive, probability, chromodynamics, couple, entanglement, uncertainty principal, cavity radiation, hall radiation, majoramas etc. So yes a photon is a quanta. But a quantum photon is a very specific quanta of a photon. Nice, good job Sabine for talking about this paper.😊
1:40 if you listen carefully to the end of the song “Eclipse” (the last song on the Pink Floyd album _The Dark Side of the Moon_ ) you will hear Gerry O’Driscoll (doorman at Abbey Road Studios at the time of recording) saying “There is no dark side in the moon, really. Matter of fact, it’s all dark.”
I enjoy your presentations very much. I do not have a scientific mind but enjoy learning something about what is going on in the world of science. Thank you for the entertaining education!
There's been enough people going around mindlessly already that there's no point in worrying about that last one. At most, a robot controlled mind might show itself to be more of the same. Philosophies and ideologies have been producing that part of the population for millenia.
Interesting on the photons. A twist on Dirac's statement that photons only interact with themselves - the ultimate introvert! Perhaps there is hope for photons being more social than originally thought.
The theoretical underpinning of material sciences is, I suppose, band gaps and holes for electrons to fall into. An understanding of crystallography would be helpful. The growth of porous single crystalline-like monoliths ( PSC ) is difficult; but using two different lattice orientations they can still get good photoelectrochemical properties. For example, band gap engineering introduces Titanium3+ gap into the lattice to generate TinO2n−1 with Magneli phase, so the created active structure can be limited to the lattice with two-dimensional surface. Independent PSC-like ( porous single crystalline ) TinO2n−1 delivers high photocurrent of 1.8-5.5 mA · cm−2 at room temperature and does not decay for 10 hours, a Chinese group has found. It would have to be the Chinese, of course...because of the massive research defunding in the West. It will be the Chinese who develop economic hydroysis and photocatalysis and solar energy conversion...and get that base on the Moon, if one isn't already there. Mars is a different proposition...and it's not certain a human carrying craft could take off from Mars.
Thank you again for my dose of science news! Only downside is that the old paper publication didn't need electricity where watching your videos does, but on the plus side there is your sense of humor 😏
in many ways humanity pushed itself in a corner, lucky we have you sabine, our scientific light in the darkness. and ofc, the telephone ;D as always respect for your work sabine!
Love your stuff. Incidentally, quadruped is one of those odd 20th century words created to define the number of pedal appendages, so the “ped” rhymes with “said”, giving it 3 syllables. (There are also biped, and who knows - maybe uniped.)
I researched vanadium oxide for application in smart windows back in 2021, at the university of Bordeaux in France :D We were trying to bring the transition temperature down to room temperature via transition metal doping. Unfortunately my attempts only made the transition temperature go up, which wasn't helpful xD Still made for my first published paper :D I'm happy someone finally managed to make it work though! I assume their method also fixes the "turning the window way too yellow" problem
7:38 _“If you want to compute with photons, getting them to interact would be handy. So that’s why physicists are studying these bound states.”_ Sabine’s apt assessment on this point has broad technology, cost, and energy implications for quantum computing. Photon quantum interactions are vastly more accessible and robust than atomic ones primarily due to their extremely low total energies compared to atoms and even electrons. The power of photon quantum effects shows up, in particular, in the calculation power of a single photon encountering a human-scale or larger lens since the photon can calculate the Fourier transform of that enormous room-temperature lens literally at light speed, expressing that result as a precise pinpoint of photon reception at the focus of the lens. While QED predicts this lens effect in exquisite detail, the focus in QED is on leveraging the enormous conventional computing power to estimate the behavior of a single photon. However, the inverse relation is necessarily also true: There exist cases in which a single photon can stand in for that same enormous quantity of classical computing power. The trick is configuring that remarkable speed and efficiency into a broader calculation form. The thing missing - and this is Sabine’s and the paper’s point - is the ability to transfer quantum state information between photons without reducing them to trivial classical states. If photon binding can do this, new classes of exceptionally low-power room-temperature quantum computation devices may be possible. However, such non-qubit devices would present interesting research, technology, and mathematical challenges. One way of phrasing the problem is this: Can general-purpose quantum computation be expressed in terms of “entangled Fourier transforms” rather than qubits? While less intuitive to humans, Fourier transforms arguably are a far more natural way of expressing the kinds of transformation accomplished most easily and cheaply in quantum mechanics. In sharp contrast, qubits begin with the profoundly classical and mostly computer-inspired concept of sharply defined binary states. Almost reluctantly, the definition then adds quantum superposition at the last moment. This over-specification means that non-qubit formalisms are more likely to uncover the full power of quantum-based computation. But why would I say qubits are more classical than quantum? After all, they are the foundation of much physics speculation and massive and well-funded quantum computation programs. Surely they must be “ideal” examples of quantum superposition? Well… not really. The canonical example of a qubit is a fermion with the property called half spin. A half-spin electron or atom can be in only one of two states, “up” or “down.” Half-spin appears to be an open-and-shut case for qubits: You assign one spin direction as 1, the other as 0, and _voila!_ you have a qubit. The problem is this: While an electron may well have only two states, the number of _orientations_ of those states is infinite and itself quantum. A massive classical magnet provides an exquisitely precise up-down definition for any electrons in its fields. Those electrons _do_ become qubits because they have both binary states and sufficient orientation to make that state meaningful in our classical world. As the field grows weaker - that is, as the influence of the outside classical world wanes - the certainty of the encoded bits fades until quantum computation is no longer possible. The spins remain, but the _qubits_ depend on their classical hosting. The qubit concept is better thought of as a product of the 1990s fascination with the growing power of computers and software than a direct interpretation of quantum phenomena. It is, for example, difficult to imagine a concise way to express the QED-style Fourier transformation of a photon traveling through a lens using only qubits. It’s possible, but it’s also not persuasive. (a PDF copy of this 2023-04-05 comment is available at sarxiv dot org slash apa)
There are hyper cars that use carbon fiber and titanium for the monocoque, and it's lighter than just carbon fiber alone, they developed some special primer that allowed the fusing of the two materials. This could help! Someday I'll get the number for that phone you know...
Hi Sabine, Great video !! I'm a huge fan of your channel mainly because of your academic, humor and artistic qualities. I kindly ask you, and please dont get me wrong, but can you please adjust camera focus on the next videos ?
3:50 “ A cup of tea that’s not made out of recycled urine” But who knows what the water that exists on the moon has been up to ( or through) over the last umpteen billion years?
"Quantum light" refers to the case in photon statistics where a beam of photons follows a sub-Poissonian distribution and, thus, their states not be described by a series of sinusoidal waves or classical electrodynamics. This would be light emitted from a single-photon emitter like a quantum dot
Lived the ME/CFS Healthcare terror with my ex for decades. She got depressed because doctors kept telling her it was a problem between her ears. Lost her job, etc. Even without a cure, acceptance will already be a big relief..
Hallo Dr.Hossemfelder. I think there's a mistake regarding the activation of the blood-fueld device. It should activate when blood sugar levels RISE, not when they drop.
I love the super rosy projection of wellbeing going up and up after drastically changing to "clean energy" that doesn't exist yet. I'm assuming they aren't proposing nuclear. I have questions about their models...
What I would like to know is why are photons always moving att LS, what keeps them moving and what set them in motion in the first place? Are they all the same regardless of source? Can we even have a stationary photon at all? We just accept that light/photons move and that LS is both max and min speed, would photons just vanish/decay into nothing if stopped or even slowed a little? I have never heard anyone address that question anyware, have you?
Nothing is needed to keep stuff moving :-) It is _changing_ velocity that requires outside interaction. Electromagnetic radiation moves at light speed because ... it does. Maxwell's equations show that, but that is a model not a reason. In science we observe nature and describe it. Questions like "why" is not scientific :-) Individual photons are kind of self sustained and have no residue of what produced them. They are pure energy. _Ensembles_ of photons have energy distributions that can tell you quite a lot about the source though :-D Astronomers like that because it is impractical to go to the stars to study them ;-) You can kinda stop light in a Bose-Einstein condensate as the danish physicist Lene Hau showed, but it isn't quite stopping it like stopping a car. Is complicated ;-) If you stop a photon it ceases to exist in the sense that the energy is transformed into say heat or excitations of atoms. All these questions are addressed in high school physics classes or entry level university courses. I recommend books by Paul Hewitt for self study. He is exceptionally understandable for people new to physics. Enjoy! Physics is a worthwhile rabbit hole that will blow your mind again and again :-D PBS Spacetime here on UA-cam talks about all this, and there are other channels too, but taking a basic course or reading a basic highschool book is probably less confusing in the long run :-)
@Wind Rose As they are light and I did not specify "in vacuum" it's still LS, but the question was why they move as fast as they do at all from a stationary source. Do a photon from earth sea level speed up once it hits space if so why and how, those are the things I wanted to know.
@@agw5425 The reason light slows down in a medium like air is the constant absorption and reemission by air molecules. So the light doesn't speed up once it reaches space. It just isn't slowed down anymore :-)
@@agw5425 "Why they move as fast as they do at all from a stationary source?" When you shout your vocal chords vibrate the air. This vibration(energy) is propagated from air molecule to air molecule at the speed of sound from a stationary source. Light is an 'electromagnetic vibration' where electric energy becomes magnetic energy that becomes electric energy that ... while propagating forward at the speed of light. This is a function of the way our universe is set up. In other universes the speed of light could conceivably be higher or lower. Why our universe has a c = 300000 km/s is anyone's guess at the moment. "Sh*t happens" is my favorite answer :-)
I was a young kid when I watched the moon landing. My childhood had a sense of wonderment and I had many moon toys. This part is crazy. My family was watching the TV and it started to go fuzzy with wiggle lines and we thought maybe the antenna had fallen so my mom, brother and my sister went to check what was going on. When outside in the state of WV we saw 3 lights in the sky and they were moving around but not fast. Then little light came out of the bigger lights and it was a game changer. It was reported in the paper in Huntington, WV and My brother's drawing was accepted and was put in the paper. I believe we still have that paper with my brother. Anyway it was reported by lots of people but I don't recall how many. I do remember that the newspaper printed that experts said it was swamp gas. At the end of that UFO sightings the baby lights went back into the bigger lights and It took off and just disappeared or at least that's what it looked like to me. When that happens to a boy you are never the same. First time I ever said anything but at 66 I thought I better put it out on the web where it will wander around until the end of our time on this planet. Good Day. Cliff
having watched your science news for so long, I still can't get over the new faster intro. it still sounds like science news souped up on 2 500ml Monsters
10 seconds may not be bad at all if something like quantum memory refresh is possible. After all the DRAM that we use in all modern computers is usually specified to be refreshed every 64ms. Although for high quality chips in certain operating conditions or if some errors are ok, the data may last seconds. Of course a refresh operation without collapsing the wavefunction may or may not be doable, I have no idea.
my only remark is that it might be worth switching to a slightly higher video resolution. at least 1440p. cause now it looks a little blurry when i go fullscreen. but anyway, your science news are the best in the internet)
7:23 Is "cavity QED" a step toward a unifying theory of everything? If you need an "absence of everything" for photons to start actually interacting with each other, then why/how that happens might also explain gravitons or neutrinos. Would neutrinos interact with each other in a likewise environment?
Unfortunately, Vanadium's cost is too high for many of the most desired uses. Other uses for example include as the electrolyte in aqueous flow batteries. Using it for building insulation is probably outside the cost/performance curve.
Considering that JWST would have cost less if it had been made of solid gold, I'm not sure that the cost of vanadium (15 times less than gold) is much of a problem for space missions.
When scientists calculate the estimated gravity of a Galaxy, apart from solid mass such as planets etc, do they include all the radiant energy (electromagnet waves) converted to mass in the calculation, to work out the total gravity of a Galaxy?
Sabine please cover the ocean water vapour harvesting idea by Praveen Kumar. I think its brilliant, in places with Relative Humidity of +80% all we would need is 11 degrees celsius for dew points.
There's a bit of helium-3 on the Moon, but considering the sheer amount of soil you'd have to churn up to get a meaningful amount, one wonders if it'd be more efficient to just take all the solar panels for your "mining" machines (more like a weird hybrid of large-scale farming equipment and construction digging machines) and beam the power directly back to Earth via microwaves.
Prof.H. I really enjoy your knowledge of that guy Shaun’s field notes. We really care about you. Has the Indian moon probe found any H2O in those deep craters on the S. Pile of the Moon?
![[UA] NAVI vs MOUZ | BO5 | IEM Rio 2024](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CMBYk0cbGoA/mqdefault.jpg)
Just in case of any misunderstanding, there's no suggestion of liquid water on or near the surface of the Moon. Some craters near the Poles where sunlight never reaches and temperatures are close to zero Kelvin are believed to contain large deposits of ice. These deposits may be available for use by lunar bases. Water also exists in chemical combination with other matter in some locations.
Right... Sorry, I seem to have forgotten to say this! Thanks for pointing out!
@@SabineHossenfelder Thanks for that quick response. Love your work Sabine.
@@SabineHossenfelder : You're hardly the first, and a dozen or more others may have already done it since this video was posted.
@@SabineHossenfelder just to put a point to this, the actual water content is about as wet as sahara desert sand. not exactly a swimming pool. the He3 content so low even with real fusion it may not breakeven.
I am wondering whether the superfine dust on the moon will be a problem for harvesting the water out of the "ice."
Dr. Hossenfelder, you are the perfect combination of professionalism and humor. Those of us who really study physics know that you are an entirely different calibre of intellect than these popular physics personas like Neil DeGrasse Tyson and Michio Kaku. You're the real deal, and yet you manage to maintain levity and clarity in your discussions and explanations. Exactly what we need to repatriate the study of physics with brilliant young minds for the next few generations. Thank you immensely for all that you are doing for the education of the masses. You're making physics fun, which is perhaps even more impressive than your top-tier acumen in the field.
How can one repatriate anything other than a person? And since when is the study of physics a purely national phenomenon that was taken abroad? That makes no sense whatsoever?
Well said!
@@aaronperelmuter8433 People who understand and want to pursue science will go abroad if the funding and education does, and frankly, the education side of this equation has been gone for decades. The repatriation in question IS a person; one with a mind which can follow the science.
@user-jm5mf5pu4j
Says the guy who has a username I can't even directly quote.
👍👍👍
These days I eagerly wait for Sabine's new videoes to come out. And, they have not disappointed me so far. Thank you, Sabine! Keep up the good work.
Sabine, your channel is one of the places I consider “home”
Quantum bound photons, what an idea! I'm retired now but have practiced many spectrometric techniques over the years and have never considered the possibility. I wonder if it is somehow related to RAMAN spectrometry, but in reverse. Thank you Sabine for always including references to papers cited.
@/O/ Share?
A prism is a mass/size spectrometer. Light is a cluster of expanding electrons. The red portion bends the least due to being a larger cluster within the ‘ white ‘ light.” The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon.
@/O/ QM classicalized in 2010. Juliana Mortenson website Forgotten Physics uncovers the hidden variables and constants and the bad math of Wien, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Einstein, Debroglie,Planck,Bohr etc. Light is a cluster of expanding electrons- particles, objects, matter- moving at the speed of light “c.” SR wrong due to reference frame mixing and bad math. No energy, charge, photons, waves, spin, fields, potential, quantum,quarks, space, time, space- time, information, aether, etc. All Standard Theory/ Model replaced by Expansion Theory: see reference.
@@davidrandell2224 Electrons have mass, photons can carry momentum but they massless...weird, I know, but you might want to revise your hypothesis a bit after verifying that.
I was pretty blown away by this too (as a fellow retired scientist). For a look at another very surprising bound state "odd couple", look up the word "positronium". It's a fleeting bound state of 1 electron with one positron...has recordable spectral transitions between allowed "molecular" orbitals and everything. Even has measurable reaction rates with ions and small molecules in molecular beam type work. There may even be EPR spectra recoded by now, I'm not sure.
That Liz Truss joke was pure gold. 👌
I didn't understand the punch line 😮
@@UFO-Ark There was a competition in one of our UK newspapers, to see if a lettuce would last longer than Liz; there was even a webcam fixed on the lettuce to see how long it would take to wilt/spoil. The lettuce won!
@@TheHexCube Okay, but how would Truss use a lettuce, super or not, to return to power? Unless I'm misunderstanding, Sabine only associated the two but didn't give any meaning. If she'd said super lettuce, which Truss hopes might outlast Sunak, it would have made some sense of the association.
@@marca9955 You're absolutely correct! I think I must have a German sense of humour. Either that, or I'm trying to appear much more intelligent than I really am. Thanks for flagging this up. 🙁
@@TheHexCube Hard to read but in case you're being sarcastic (if so, super sarcastic btw 👍 ) I think Sabine could do with a little constructive criticism for her phone gags, for example. That or at least do without the encouragement to distract from the strength of the channel, which is the accessibility and lightness of the science. It's nothing personal.
Thanks for another great video, Sabine!
You are the best science news out there! You are quick, concise, and easy to understand. You cover a lot of area in a short time, accurately and you're funny.
That's great to watch this news with your explanations .I think you give a simple and creative explanation for the material.
Nice hair too!
@@bobaldo2339 I noticed the hair too!
@@lisaschuster686the hair?
She cracks me up.
@@paulmendoza9736, She looks good for a scientist. :) Her hair is sometimes Einstein-esque.
Sabine, I really appreciate you always posting your new videos right at my lunch time. Very thoughtful of you 😉
I can't say it better than what John Michael posted. Thank you for all that you are and do. I see that you were born in 1976, two years after I graduated high school. During that time, you have mastered Theoretical Physics, and a number of other disciplines. Also during that time, I have mastered the use of a variety of can openers. I also used to be able to dress a bed sheet with Hospital Corners. Hey, we all have our abilities. But seriously, thank you for being you.
Thanks Sabine. All the news that’s fit to print! I have to watch it three times, but I need to know it.
I liked the implantable fuel cell's operating logic: when the glucose level triggers it, it releases insulin causing the device to eventually stop. Very straightforward - like a thermostat. Question: how does the insulin get "in"?
All jokes asside, having an app to monitor its workings is a fine idea. Just needs appropriate encryption/access control.
Probably the insulin is stored in a bag with a "refilling port". I vaguely recall that such things are already used in some implantable medical devices.
The developers literally saw ultrakill and thought "yup that's actually a good idea"
If you orbit the moon it sync's up perfectly with the wizard of oz, not a lot of scientists know that.
I don’t know how true that is but I read it on the internet so I’m going to trust it completely
@@jacobholmquist9994 It was an old pop culture saying that if you play pink floyd's album darkside of the moon it sync's up with the movie the wizard of oz, I'm not sure how true it is and I believe powerful mind altering substances may have also played a part.
Sadly the creator of two of my favorite comic strips, the Wizard of Id & B.C, Johnny Hart recently died.
Dude, literally *everyone* knows that the moon syncs (but not “sync’s”) up perfectly with the Wizard of Oz. 😂
BTW … Pluto IS a planet, and I’ll k1ll any man who claims otherwise. 😮
@@Steve-Fish it's true but the album has to be put on repeat. The album plays twice over top the movie. It truly does lineup. You start the album after the lions last roar. It's on UA-cam. It's titled dark side of the rainbow.
Great post Sabine. I always enjoy tuning into your newest post. Until then... 😍
Interesting developments, especially the implant fuel-cell. That opens a lot of new opportunities once it is working properly.
A real-time, comprehensive measurement of all your health parameters would be incredible for diagnosis, but let's make sure private companies (particularly insurance) and government agencies are expressly forbidden from touching this data.
"A superlattice is not to be confused with a superlettuce - that's how Liz Truss plans to return to power." One of these days I'll be prepared for Sabine's stand-up comedy, but today, my sides are in orbit.
I get so excited when I see a new Sabine video in my sub feed. Love from the UK
Thanks for all the news, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
6:55 eigenfunction, gauge, eigenvalues, potential, well, lowest state, membrane, hamiltonian, shrodinger time equation, psi, psi derivative, quanta, constructive, probability, chromodynamics, couple, entanglement, uncertainty principal, cavity radiation, hall radiation, majoramas etc. So yes a photon is a quanta. But a quantum photon is a very specific quanta of a photon. Nice, good job Sabine for talking about this paper.😊
Great news coverage as usual. Great place to get a wide variety of science new. Well done Sabine 👍
1:40 if you listen carefully to the end of the song “Eclipse” (the last song on the Pink Floyd album _The Dark Side of the Moon_ ) you will hear Gerry O’Driscoll (doorman at Abbey Road Studios at the time of recording) saying “There is no dark side in the moon, really. Matter of fact, it’s all dark.”
Thank you ....thank you for being here....thank you for caring enough to do this!
Outstanding! Thank you for sharing!!
I enjoy your presentations very much. I do not have a scientific mind but enjoy learning something about what is going on in the world of science. Thank you for the entertaining education!
Excellent as always :) I like this in terms of helping me know what's happening in the world and I also enjoy your humour.
Yes! This week's Science News!!
I love this new format! :D
Eagerly awaited news curated expertly and presented enthusiastically.
Thank you for the great story! A masterpiece, as always.
Brilliant !
Happy Holidays
Getting to a point where I'm less concerned about mind controlled robots and more concerned about robot controlled minds.
There's been enough people going around mindlessly already that there's no point in worrying about that last one. At most, a robot controlled mind might show itself to be more of the same. Philosophies and ideologies have been producing that part of the population for millenia.
thoroughly enjoy these updates, thank you
Thanks for the hard work you put in - this weekly video is a definite highlight of my week!
Interesting on the photons. A twist on Dirac's statement that photons only interact with themselves - the ultimate introvert! Perhaps there is hope for photons being more social than originally thought.
I liked this video, lots of neat things here today. Good job. 🙂
Sabine is my favorite physicist -- she excites my quantum field.
I like the bit on the gold nano cubes, pretty cool...
New Sabine video is always great news!
The theoretical underpinning of material sciences is, I suppose, band gaps and holes for electrons to fall into. An understanding of crystallography would be helpful.
The growth of porous single crystalline-like monoliths ( PSC ) is difficult; but using two different lattice orientations they can still get good photoelectrochemical properties. For example, band gap engineering introduces Titanium3+ gap into the lattice to generate TinO2n−1 with Magneli phase, so the created active structure can be limited to the lattice with two-dimensional surface.
Independent PSC-like ( porous single crystalline ) TinO2n−1 delivers high photocurrent of 1.8-5.5 mA · cm−2 at room temperature and does not decay for 10 hours, a Chinese group has found.
It would have to be the Chinese, of course...because of the massive research defunding in the West. It will be the Chinese who develop economic hydroysis and photocatalysis and solar energy conversion...and get that base on the Moon, if one isn't already there.
Mars is a different proposition...and it's not certain a human carrying craft could take off from Mars.
Thank you again for my dose of science news! Only downside is that the old paper publication didn't need electricity where watching your videos does,
but on the plus side there is your sense of humor 😏
in many ways humanity pushed itself in a corner, lucky we have you sabine, our scientific light in the darkness. and ofc, the telephone ;D as always respect for your work sabine!
Love these videos. Would be great if the paper's were linked below!
"photon-genic" renewed my love for Sabine.
Sabine always has the best jokes / punch lines! lol
Cheers & best regards, Dr. Hossenfelder!
Were those gold cubes playing Tetris?
Love your stuff. Incidentally, quadruped is one of those odd 20th century words created to define the number of pedal appendages, so the “ped” rhymes with “said”, giving it 3 syllables. (There are also biped, and who knows - maybe uniped.)
That was borrowed from French sometime before 1646
Sabine's pronunciation of quadruped was the cutest thing I've seen all day ❤
Word play by Sabine to imply we are d(r)uped four times.
That moog intro gives me retro futurism vibes of the 70s. 👍
Professor think you with all respects 😘😘
12:27
Humanity is dead
Blood is fuel.
Hell is full
I researched vanadium oxide for application in smart windows back in 2021, at the university of Bordeaux in France :D We were trying to bring the transition temperature down to room temperature via transition metal doping. Unfortunately my attempts only made the transition temperature go up, which wasn't helpful xD Still made for my first published paper :D I'm happy someone finally managed to make it work though! I assume their method also fixes the "turning the window way too yellow" problem
12:30
"Into The Fire" starts playing
7:38 _“If you want to compute with photons, getting them to interact would be handy. So that’s why physicists are studying these bound states.”_ Sabine’s apt assessment on this point has broad technology, cost, and energy implications for quantum computing. Photon quantum interactions are vastly more accessible and robust than atomic ones primarily due to their extremely low total energies compared to atoms and even electrons. The power of photon quantum effects shows up, in particular, in the calculation power of a single photon encountering a human-scale or larger lens since the photon can calculate the Fourier transform of that enormous room-temperature lens literally at light speed, expressing that result as a precise pinpoint of photon reception at the focus of the lens.
While QED predicts this lens effect in exquisite detail, the focus in QED is on leveraging the enormous conventional computing power to estimate the behavior of a single photon. However, the inverse relation is necessarily also true: There exist cases in which a single photon can stand in for that same enormous quantity of classical computing power. The trick is configuring that remarkable speed and efficiency into a broader calculation form.
The thing missing - and this is Sabine’s and the paper’s point - is the ability to transfer quantum state information between photons without reducing them to trivial classical states. If photon binding can do this, new classes of exceptionally low-power room-temperature quantum computation devices may be possible. However, such non-qubit devices would present interesting research, technology, and mathematical challenges.
One way of phrasing the problem is this: Can general-purpose quantum computation be expressed in terms of “entangled Fourier transforms” rather than qubits? While less intuitive to humans, Fourier transforms arguably are a far more natural way of expressing the kinds of transformation accomplished most easily and cheaply in quantum mechanics. In sharp contrast, qubits begin with the profoundly classical and mostly computer-inspired concept of sharply defined binary states. Almost reluctantly, the definition then adds quantum superposition at the last moment. This over-specification means that non-qubit formalisms are more likely to uncover the full power of quantum-based computation.
But why would I say qubits are more classical than quantum? After all, they are the foundation of much physics speculation and massive and well-funded quantum computation programs. Surely they must be “ideal” examples of quantum superposition?
Well… not really. The canonical example of a qubit is a fermion with the property called half spin. A half-spin electron or atom can be in only one of two states, “up” or “down.” Half-spin appears to be an open-and-shut case for qubits: You assign one spin direction as 1, the other as 0, and _voila!_ you have a qubit.
The problem is this: While an electron may well have only two states, the number of _orientations_ of those states is infinite and itself quantum. A massive classical magnet provides an exquisitely precise up-down definition for any electrons in its fields. Those electrons _do_ become qubits because they have both binary states and sufficient orientation to make that state meaningful in our classical world. As the field grows weaker - that is, as the influence of the outside classical world wanes - the certainty of the encoded bits fades until quantum computation is no longer possible. The spins remain, but the _qubits_ depend on their classical hosting.
The qubit concept is better thought of as a product of the 1990s fascination with the growing power of computers and software than a direct interpretation of quantum phenomena. It is, for example, difficult to imagine a concise way to express the QED-style Fourier transformation of a photon traveling through a lens using only qubits. It’s possible, but it’s also not persuasive.
(a PDF copy of this 2023-04-05 comment is available at sarxiv dot org slash apa)
There are hyper cars that use carbon fiber and titanium for the monocoque, and it's lighter than just carbon fiber alone, they developed some special primer that allowed the fusing of the two materials. This could help!
Someday I'll get the number for that phone you know...
Thanks Sabine ☕
Love the pronunciation of "quadruped". 😆
Hi Sabine,
Great video !! I'm a huge fan of your channel mainly because of your academic, humor and artistic qualities. I kindly ask you, and please dont get me wrong, but can you please adjust camera focus on the next videos ?
Thanks Dr H !
"Keep dusting those solar panels" is **chefs kiss** peak humour-in-apocalypse truth.
3:50 “ A cup of tea that’s not made out of recycled urine”
But who knows what the water that exists on the moon has been up to ( or through) over the last umpteen billion years?
I see your videos as soon as i get the notification
Great content as always
"Quantum light" refers to the case in photon statistics where a beam of photons follows a sub-Poissonian distribution and, thus, their states not be described by a series of sinusoidal waves or classical electrodynamics. This would be light emitted from a single-photon emitter like a quantum dot
Thank you
Thank you Sabine!❤
Lived the ME/CFS Healthcare terror with my ex for decades. She got depressed because doctors kept telling her it was a problem between her ears. Lost her job, etc. Even without a cure, acceptance will already be a big relief..
Hallo Dr.Hossemfelder. I think there's a mistake regarding the activation of the blood-fueld device. It should activate when blood sugar levels RISE, not when they drop.
Quantum Light: What do you call Alternative medicine that works?
Light: Medicine
OMG those population/well being studies :D
Pure gold :D :D
Thanks Sabine.
I love the super rosy projection of wellbeing going up and up after drastically changing to "clean energy" that doesn't exist yet. I'm assuming they aren't proposing nuclear. I have questions about their models...
The Korean TV show "the silent sea" is about to get real!
Love your show, makes me think
Thank you. God Bless
What I would like to know is why are photons always moving att LS, what keeps them moving and what set them in motion in the first place? Are they all the same regardless of source? Can we even have a stationary photon at all? We just accept that light/photons move and that LS is both max and min speed, would photons just vanish/decay into nothing if stopped or even slowed a little? I have never heard anyone address that question anyware, have you?
Nothing is needed to keep stuff moving :-)
It is _changing_ velocity that requires outside interaction.
Electromagnetic radiation moves at light speed because ... it does.
Maxwell's equations show that, but that is a model not a reason.
In science we observe nature and describe it.
Questions like "why" is not scientific :-)
Individual photons are kind of self sustained and have no residue of what produced them. They are pure energy.
_Ensembles_ of photons have energy distributions that can tell you quite a lot about the source though :-D
Astronomers like that because it is impractical to go to the stars to study them ;-)
You can kinda stop light in a Bose-Einstein condensate as the danish physicist Lene Hau showed, but it isn't quite stopping it like stopping a car. Is complicated ;-)
If you stop a photon it ceases to exist in the sense that the energy is transformed into say heat or excitations of atoms.
All these questions are addressed in high school physics classes or entry level university courses.
I recommend books by Paul Hewitt for self study. He is exceptionally understandable for people new to physics.
Enjoy! Physics is a worthwhile rabbit hole that will blow your mind again and again :-D
PBS Spacetime here on UA-cam talks about all this, and there are other channels too, but taking a basic course or reading a basic highschool book is probably less confusing in the long run :-)
@Wind Rose As they are light and I did not specify "in vacuum" it's still LS, but the question was why they move as fast as they do at all from a stationary source. Do a photon from earth sea level speed up once it hits space if so why and how, those are the things I wanted to know.
@@agw5425
The reason light slows down in a medium like air is the constant absorption and reemission by air molecules.
So the light doesn't speed up once it reaches space.
It just isn't slowed down anymore :-)
@@agw5425
"Why they move as fast as they do at all from a stationary source?"
When you shout your vocal chords vibrate the air. This vibration(energy) is propagated from air molecule to air molecule at the speed of sound from a stationary source.
Light is an 'electromagnetic vibration' where electric energy becomes magnetic energy that becomes electric energy that ... while propagating forward at the speed of light.
This is a function of the way our universe is set up.
In other universes the speed of light could conceivably be higher or lower.
Why our universe has a c = 300000 km/s is anyone's guess at the moment.
"Sh*t happens" is my favorite answer :-)
As a Victorian, 30-40oC is a quite normal temperature range, so it makes the ink more viable. though 68oC is a touch too warm
oC??
@@TheKeule33 that’s a degree symbol.
@@TheKeule33°C
Could you use superlettuce to make a Roquette?
I was a young kid when I watched the moon landing. My childhood had a sense of wonderment and I had many moon toys. This part is crazy. My family was watching the TV and it started to go fuzzy with wiggle lines and we thought maybe the antenna had fallen so my mom, brother and my sister went to check what was going on. When outside in the state of WV we saw 3 lights in the sky and they were moving around but not fast. Then little light came out of the bigger lights and it was a game changer. It was reported in the paper in Huntington, WV and My brother's drawing was accepted and was put in the paper. I believe we still have that paper with my brother. Anyway it was reported by lots of people but I don't recall how many. I do remember that the newspaper printed that experts said it was swamp gas.
At the end of that UFO sightings the baby lights went back into the bigger lights and It took off and just disappeared or at least that's what it looked like to me. When that happens to a boy you are never the same. First time I ever said anything but at 66 I thought I better put it out on the web where it will wander around until the end of our time on this planet. Good Day. Cliff
having watched your science news for so long, I still can't get over the new faster intro. it still sounds like science news souped up on 2 500ml Monsters
I admire most those who know how to entertain and enlighten. Knowledge tempered with levity forms true wisdom.
10 seconds may not be bad at all if something like quantum memory refresh is possible. After all the DRAM that we use in all modern computers is usually specified to be refreshed every 64ms. Although for high quality chips in certain operating conditions or if some errors are ok, the data may last seconds.
Of course a refresh operation without collapsing the wavefunction may or may not be doable, I have no idea.
Thanks for sharing 👍😀
man, I can't wait for that plant food thing to break. It's gonna be hilarious!
Thanks!
my only remark is that it might be worth switching to a slightly higher video resolution. at least 1440p.
cause now it looks a little blurry when i go fullscreen.
but anyway, your science news are the best in the internet)
Glass beads from the moon would make wonderful jewelry.
Excellent presentation, like always 😁
Thanks Sabine for the update. I have a request, could you provide an opinion about the ideas of Bernardo Kastrup. I would be very interested.
7:23
Is "cavity QED" a step toward a unifying theory of everything?
If you need an "absence of everything" for photons to start actually interacting with each other, then why/how that happens might also explain gravitons or neutrinos.
Would neutrinos interact with each other in a likewise environment?
@Sabine near @3:29, you said that having a moonbase would let us "mine helium three." Why does a moonbase make that possible, and how do you do that?
Unfortunately, Vanadium's cost is too high for many of the most desired uses. Other uses for example include as the electrolyte in aqueous flow batteries. Using it for building insulation is probably outside the cost/performance curve.
Considering that JWST would have cost less if it had been made of solid gold, I'm not sure that the cost of vanadium (15 times less than gold) is much of a problem for space missions.
When scientists calculate the estimated gravity of a Galaxy, apart from solid mass such as planets etc, do they include all the radiant energy (electromagnet waves) converted to mass in the calculation, to work out the total gravity of a Galaxy?
Sabine please cover the ocean water vapour harvesting idea by Praveen Kumar.
I think its brilliant, in places with Relative Humidity of +80% all we would need is 11 degrees celsius for dew points.
Wow, so much reliability in being informed by your channel, thank you. Being a little bit smarter, I go dusting my solar panels now
I can't wait to see the images and videos they record on the next moon landing.
There's a bit of helium-3 on the Moon, but considering the sheer amount of soil you'd have to churn up to get a meaningful amount, one wonders if it'd be more efficient to just take all the solar panels for your "mining" machines (more like a weird hybrid of large-scale farming equipment and construction digging machines) and beam the power directly back to Earth via microwaves.
You're entirely correct, better stay down here and dust them daily
"Beam the energy back to earth"
Don't think earth needs more heat deposited into the atmosphere. It is already iffy.
Pardon, what ?! Superlettuce in space ?
Thank you for that video.
Prof.H. I really enjoy your knowledge of that guy Shaun’s field notes. We really care about you. Has the Indian moon probe found any H2O in those deep craters on the S. Pile of the Moon?
10:11 That's tetris with nanocubes made of gold.
You crack me up Sabine.