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The Smallest Star in the Universe
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- Опубліковано 1 вер 2014
- SciShow Space takes you to the smallest star in the universe, and explains how astronomers figured out that’s what it was!
Hosted By: Phil Plait
Bad Astronomy: www.slate.com/b...
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Sources:
arxiv.org/pdf/1...
"Hot young massive brown dwarf"
lol
+BattleCat hahahhhahhaha
😂😂😂
"Massive" "Dwarf" wut
Mass doesn't dictate size. If you compress the sun into the size of a peanut, it would still be much more massive than the Earth.
Thanks for all the comments, folks! I was replying to some, then realized they go on and on and on. :) It was really fun working with Hank and the crew there, and I had a great time.
Great show.
Minor nit-picky comment. As I'm sure you know, you need the luminosity and spectral type to place a star on main sequence and get an assumed mass. With only one you might be looking at a red giant or brown dwarf (as in the video) that isn't primarily powered by fusion hydrogen into helium. The point here is that "Red Giants" are cooler then many main sequence stars but burning their fuel much faster so much more luminous, contradicting what you said in the video.
I'm sure your trying to keep it simple, I've just market that test question wrong enough over the years that the distinction bugs me.
Tristan Matthews That's true... but in this case, they examined nearby stars which had known parallaxes, so the luminosities were known. :) I wrote about this star and how this was done when it was announced: when www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/06/11/the_brown_dwarf_limit_astronomers_have_found_the_smallest_star_known.html
***** The parallaxes lets you calculate the luminosity off of the apparent brightness of the star, so it makes life really easy, but you need to measure both the luminosity and the spectral type to place it on the main sequence.
The video asserts something like "The higher its surface temperature is, the more mass it has, because more massive stars....", with a nice little "Hotter = More massive", while this is true for main sequence stars its not true in general. Basically you need L and C (x and y coordinate) to place it on the HR diagram you can't do it with only one.
Tristan Matthews Hmm I keep re-reading this and I feel like it comes across as though I'm trying to pick a fight, and I'm really not. Just making the point that Betelgeuse is Red (its surface is much cooler then the sun.), but much more massive.
Really cool that you came to Sci Show. I love your book, it got me alot more interesested in astronomy!
Greetings from Sweden! :-)
It likes to think of itself as "the coolest star in the universe".
Baa-Dumm-Tss!
@Funnehmahn Oh god i choked laughing lol
The coolest star in the Universe should be named Elvis Presley..... ;-)
I like this guy. He doesn't speak like his words are in a rush to escape from his mouth. Much more relaxed. Hope you're back soon!!
+Tasha Marie
Some people think much faster than they can speak, and if they don't get it out fast, they lose their train of thought.
Monochromicornicopia I get that, but in this case they're mostly going from scripts so I feel like they should relax a bit instead of zooming everything out as fast as they can... But hey, I'm probably the only one who cares lol; maybe I'm just too slow!!
+Monochromicornicopia That's kinda like me... It gets kinda annoying but I don't do it near spas often as other people.
Ikr i can actually take in the information
Tasha Marie
2:47
This guy's wife : "Honey can I have some lukewarm coffee please?"
After drinking lukewarm coffee : " Honey what did you give me? I've got a hole in my mouth."
KIDS: Twinkle twinkle little star
uy scuti: am i a joke to you
I thought Sirus B was the smallest star, almost as big as earth
Show a size comparison next time. People love size comparisons.
*Insert lennyface here*
If it's not compared to a number of football fields or olympic-sized swimming pools, I can't understand it.
He said it could fit inside Jupiter. Just think of something a little smaller than Jupiter.
Are we still talking about stars here?
Cause it seems this as taken a Hole new dErection
It won't fit on your screen.
Fantastic video and very well presented Phil. Good job.
Person: how much mass does it have?
Me: 2mass
Hear Phil Plait say "relatively soon" just bugs me. He, of all people, knows that he could delay the project for a million years, and still justify the term "relatively soon".
I *wish* it were just a million. Cost overruns and such mean it's more like a billion years or more. Dang bureaucracy.
***** Yeah. Our priorities are kind of horrible, aren't they? When India starts spending more money on space exploration than we do, it's time to go back to the drawing board. And don't get me started on John Whitmire and Spacex...
Amelia Bee Heeeeeeey do you post on Cracked?
Michael Spencer All the time. XD
Thought so. I recognize your mug. I'm DraconianKing on there.
I was watching, and enjoying learning about star classification... and then suddenly it dawned on me... Who stole his eyebrows? D:
BlackSaphire777 can't unsee
same person that stole whoopi goldbergs
😱sheesh
An explosive
They're there, they're just the smallest eyebrows in the Universe, that's all.
I like Phil Plait, he has a soothing and reassuring voice, perfect for explaining science :)
Actually, to me this was the most interesting video of this channel. I totally like the way he explains things.
If you're looking for the smallest star in terms of volume and size, it'll probably be a neutron star, 'cause those things are like only 10s of kilometers in diameter.
Thats what I was thinking.
In their prime time, they were the largest stars.
And neutron star is not a "star,", it is an after star.
They are stars.
Yes, but they have more MASS. They are just dense. This star is not very dense AND small, so it becomes the smallest. Also, I don't really consider them stars as they aren't fusing any elements, they are a stellar remnant.
Mass and size are not the same. Isn't that obvious?
my mother told me i was a star though
She's wrong.
If you threw yourself on the sun you could be technically be a star since you could be a part of the sun
We are star corpses
Have this guy do more videos. He's cool. Very clear and not over-enthusiastic nor boring.
"Only 42 light years away"
42 trillion miles away
+Jared Salads
no.
A light year is around 5.8 trillion miles. so 42 light years is around 240-250 trillion miles.
if you have something extraordinary
Well while you are correct that it is impossible to travel light speed what we could do is in the future we could possibly set up a wormholes after the first mission and what would happen is eventually we would set up a wormhole and we would be able to somehow get there in seconds.because... Wormholes politely tell logic to fuck off.
Have you seen Stargate? The series? why am I even explaining you have of course seen stargate. :P
Maybe I'm retarded but when he mentioned a "secret project" I literally for a second thought they were building the smallest star in the universe. I then remembered that Hank Green isn't God.
Who's god? And what does he have to do with small stars?
Fugger Right In Da Puntang
I'm assuming they were saying it would take "god" to just willy nilly decide to make a star.
You probably shouldn't say 'retarded.' People take offense to that. 'Ignorant' is probably a better word.
+Fugger Right In Da Putang
It depends on your or others belief what God is but the common consensus among most Religions is that God is the unseen undetectable being that created the universe and its law of physics and everything else. So what he was saying was that while God himself can cause stars to form, Hank Greene who is as Human as the rest of us cannot and thus why he's original Hypothesis of the "Secret Project" was incorrect,
Ravenclaw1991
You shouldn't use the word "ignorant". We prefere the term "people with limited knowledge". Just saying, becaue you don't want to be offensive, won't you?
I really like this guy. He speaks slowly, clearly, and comprehensively. I'd like to see more of him :) Very interesting episode
I like this host. He wasn't quite as animated, but he talked a lot slower and more clearly, so I was able to follow the explanation a lot better than usual. Good job :)
why are people complaining about the hosts? pay attention to the information instead of the hosts, did you expect morgan freeman?
I don't even know why anyone would complain about Phil Plait, he's kind of a celebrity in his field. I'm amazed they even got him to host this at all.
The hosts matter. I can get information anywhere, but I prefer to get it where I like how it's presented. However, the hosts are awesome, so I keep watching. And then frowning at the comments where people persist in making asses of themselves attacking the hosts they don't like rather than just going elsewhere.
Even thou I don't complain about the host I must say that I would love a sci-show episode hosted by Morgan Freeman. Or even better, Gordon Freeman!
Neo-Rex well, when the host talks so fast, looks like they’re about to eat the crew members, crawl through my screen and eat me, gives me nightmares, and makes my infant cry, then yeah, there’s some complaining to be done. Now I have to check who the host is before watching and if it’s some juicy topic, I have to find another way to learn about it. (Not this special guest host)
I love this guy, hes awesome
This was awesome! Thanks for sharing it with us.
I'm always extremely pleased when popular science shows (such as this one) are able to both explain complex topics to the interested public, but still offer new information even to the people who already know something about the topic
Finally! I've been waiting for this ever since i saw Michael Aranda's "What I'm Doing Right Now" video! I love guest hosts, especially when they're people I'm already familiar with.
I don't like the way this guy wiggles when he speaks.I feel like he's trying to pick me up in a seedy tavern under an apartment building.
MakoRuu haha xD
+MakoRuu if you listen closely, you can hear the noises of his dry mouth. *slop slop*
So, is Jupiter a failed star?
Sort of. Technically earth could be considered a failed star, too. To be a star you need to have enough mass that you've pulled in to create fusion. The sun managed to do so, but didn't take in everything around it, obviously. What was left was able to find a stable orbit and clear its neighbourhood (for the most part) and become the planets. Jupiter has a fair amount of mass, but isn't massive enough to have been able to create fusion or really get that close. The earth even less so.
Ben Putnam So, this new star, though smaller than Jupiter, has more mass than Jupiter, enough to (probably, anyway, as noted in the video) undergo sustained fusion?
Lord Marcus Yes.
Yeah, but just barely. It's the "smallest star" as it's at the lowest threshold for having enough mass to sustain ongoing fusion. At least ongoing enough that we can still see it, though it is only 42 light years away. There very well may be other *slightly* smaller stars that are farther away, but they either burned out before we got to see them, or they're too dim for us to see currently.
Its just waiting for the Monolith
Everybody they have on here is really good and explaining these things!!
I love the "it's only 40 light years away" relatively speaking it's close but it might as well be on the other side of the universe for us to get closer. Time to get a bigger Hubble up there
I was told in 3rd grade when they taught us the sun was a medium sized star that "There are some stars that make the sun look like dust and there are some stars that could fit on the tip of your pencil"
Shame, that'd be cool if we could have stars in our houses.
PurpleCircleMan lol how old are u
14
Whoever told you the last bit lied. Unless they consider black holes to be stars.
I've read Phil since he was a customer of a regional ISP I worked for in ~1998 or so. Standup guy then and now.
Holy cow. Which one? It's been too long, I'm blanking on the name. In Maryland, right?
***** Yep, Smart.net, long since purchased by a cable or DSL firm and subsequently absorbed, I think you were badastro.com then?
delusionnnnn Smart.net, right! I loved you guys. You answered the phone, and actually helped! Oh, the good old days on teh tubez. Yeah, it was badastronomy.com, which still exists, though I haven't updated the format since like 1999. Someday I'll take care of that. #suuuuuure
***** Was that back when the internet had sound! Kids don't believe me when I told them the internet used to talk to us...
This was an amazing, well explained, well presented show. 10/10!
SciShow Space Phil Plait! I love your Bad Astronomy book. I read it a few years back. It was instrumental in igniting my love of astronomy! Thanks!
Love ya phil
Dawwww. Thanks!
They should come up with a catchier name for it. There must be some myth somewhere in human history with a notoriously small character.
Tommy WizOh Hmm, interesting. Would we have to wait for GoT to pass into the public domain though?
Tinkerbell ??
Yay, *****! I hope you collaborate with Sci Show more often. It's so exciting that you and Hank are working on a project together.
Phil Plait!! Nice work SciShow, it's awesome that you bring in guest hosts from around the sciences! Keep up the good work and getting these awesome people involved.
He reminds me of Bill Nye...
Only much more boring.
+QTHERESSERECTION you have the best username!
Rawrimadinosaur :D
"Why are you wearing a fox hat?"
"BECAUSE NO ONE CAN CATCH THE FUCKING FOX.
Cancerous?
HOLY CRAP, THE GUY FROM BAD UNIVERSE!
WHERE?
***** LOL he's the host.
123rikin You didn't seem to realize that you were telling the host of the video who the host of the video was. Phil Plait, aka TheBadAstroner, aka the guy from Bad Astronomy, aka the host of this video, replied to your post and you didn't seem to realize it.
***** subbed! yay Science! hooray for more Science videos for me to watch.
ghuegel OMG You're right, I'm so sorry.
OMG it's Phil! I love Phil's videos and website. Please have him make more videos with you guys, that would be awesome.
I like this guy. I actually got the information pretty well, and hope he returns.
Plus that collared shirt is rockin
If that 'smallest star' can fit inside Jupiter then what kept Jupiter from becoming a star or even a brown dwarf?
Say say that the smallest star is more massive than Jupiter, that means it has more heavy elements in it. For fusion to happen at considarable amounts it needs high temperature and density. The threshold is about 5% of the suns mass, and Jupiter has only about 0.1%.
traeumerich I agree, but what I heard or at least thought I heard is the video stating _"The smallest sun could fit inside of Jupiter..."_ which is why I posted a confused comment. :-)
massive in english means volume? I didn't know, I meant that the star would fit into jupiter and non the less has more mass, it is more dense.
Massive means not necessarily volume, rather density within that volume. So white dwarf stars are very massive because one teaspoon of their matter and you will have something that weighs several tons.
Stars don't fuse heavy elements. They are usually hydrogen fusion, the lightest elements.
The smallest star in the universe is a star fish.. these guys didnt study up before this video
This wanker obviously didn't finish highschool.
RuggedALAN That was great :D
Hahahahaha!!!... Wait, what?
Great video Phil, thanks. It's really cool seeing you here on this channel.
Glad to see this guy do the show today. Love his show.
So, the Sun is bigger than 90% of all stars?
+2000gmod Red dwarf stars are the biggest despite the name
Hi Phil :D
Hi Victor.
:D Wow never thought I'd get a reply from you! I love your blog
Yay Phil!!!! I hope you become a regular here on SciShow Space!
Read both your books btw, is there a third coming soon?
REALLY good host. Speaks so well, keep bringing this guy back!
When is Caitlin coming back? :(
She is a horrible host
Vaughn Rogers For a second, I read "She is horrible toast" and got really confused.
she's the best, i don't know why you hate her so much
What salo283 said, by the way. I think they're all fantastic in their own, unique and interesting way. Each brings a fresh take on a subject that you might not have gotten from just Hank alone.
Is jupiter considered a Failed star then?
No not at all, where did you get that idea?
***** There is A LOT more to it then that. Jupiter is defiantly not any form of star. When they said that the star could fit inside Jupiter they were only comparing the sizes to give us an idea.
Jupiter has a mass that is 0.0954265748% of the sun. The star they found has a radius smaller than Jupiter, but a mass that is 6-8% of the sun. Meaning it is 100 times as massive with a smaller radius when compared to Jupiter.
We also have the matter of surface temperature to contend with. Jupiter has a surface temp of negative 145 degrees celcius according to NASA
Scott Steiner
Just like most failed stars do :P. Your point?
Best SciShow Space Episode so far! Very well explained!
"hot young massive brown dwarf" ... i think he's been reading my search history
Neutron star... Just fucking say it
+Spacey games lol down to 20km wide
+ryan foot not stars. Stellar remnants
Is there any good reason why this channel exists? That is, separately from the main SciShow channel. I really tried to get used to the new hosts, but they just don't work for me. It's obvious they were only chosen for convenience and not ability. And this guy somehow managed to make an incredibly interesting discovery sound incredibly boring. But my whining aside, what IS the reason this channel exists? I can't think of a single reason why you would split SciShow in half by "Space" and "Not space". It obviously wasn't to showcase host talent. Was it to increase production output? Not very plausible considering how much Hank cares about quality over quantity. And yet here it is. Effective science communication is all about the communicator, not the science. The science is available anywhere. Sacrificing that effective communicator component, you're left with bland hosts giving you blandly presented information. And it's not just that I want Hank to do everything. I don't. He's not the only (or even the best) educational communicator on UA-cam. That award likely goes to Emily Graslie. But whatever. I'm ranting. I'm going to get flamed by feminazis for even *vaguely implying* that Caitlin Hoffmeister is anything but a goddess anyways, so whatever.
You know nothing, Jon Snow.
I believe that they created this channel because there is a lot of space related science news and stuff going on and they wanted to be able to focus on it more. Also the reason that there are a lot of comments defending and praising Caitlin is because that in her first few videos there were a lot of negative comments saying that she shouldn't host because her appearance didn't conform to the standards of a few random youtube commenters.
And why should there not be a separate channel for space? There are tons of things to talk about regarding space. Not that other things they cover don't have tons to talk about, but they themselves obviously are interested in it. So why not? I for example really enjoy a separate channel where they can center only around space as I am a fan of this particular topic. But that aside, I think I remember form somewhere that the reason was that there was a lot of space-talk on the main show and a lot of viewer wanted to hear more about space. So you put 1 and 1 together and get this new channel.
Regarding the hosts it depends on the person I guess. I like them and I also get the interesting information. And why should you be attacked? Most of these so called "feminazis" you refer to are here because of the way people talk about Caitlin (mainly about her looks).
Also... the guy in this video is a guest host. He is an astronomer and writer/blogger. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Plait I like him also. And if you read peoples comments, they do too.
Uhh...I'm a pretty big feminist and I don't even know who Caitlin Hoffmeister is. I don't even know why you brought feminism into the discussion in the first place. We're talking about a space science channel.
If my memory is correct (which is a big if) this channel started a couple months after the failed attempt to fund SciShow through Subbable, and right around when they started putting ads in. I don't think Hank wanted SciShow Space - I think it was required by his sponsors to increase viewership. The attitude of Hank towards the new male host (can't remember his name) further hints that he is not pleased with this channel. But that's just a theory.
... A game theory!
I'm literally in love with all the channels of SciShow ❤
Guys continue doing what you do
I miss Bad Universe. Please bring it back Phil, I only ever got to see like 5 episodes of it. Don't know why but they ran the same ones all the time.
Dum sighentest. Duh bibel say Gawd sed let dere b lite. King me atheist sinner
Your stupidity is astounding.
Vaughn Rogers You seriously couldn't tell he was joking? And you think *he's* the idiot?
Vaughn Rogers -
Hahaha XD
That's actually very close to what I see on the internet from people who legitimately believe that. I have to congratulate you on your amazing success at emulating to behavior of people on the internet.
Phil Plait on SciShow? My inner nerd is so happy right now.
Love this host, charismatic and makes himself understood. Would like for him to teach me more
Awesome guest. Awesome video. Awesome channel. Awesome science! Keep it up SciShow!
It doesn't really matter to me which presenter is doing the videos, but this guy is by far the best so far! :D
Hey, Phill Plait! Watching you on scishow while watching you on discovery channel as well, talking about black holes!
His secret project with Hank was wonderful.
"Hank and I have a secret project" and my internal dialogue started screaming "DEATH STAR!!!!"
That is crazy cool that a welding arc is around 10,900 degrees Fahrenheit, but that brown dwarf is about 3,275 degrees Fahrenheit. Man i love science!
WOW!!! Phil Plait, I love this guy!
Please invite more people from the astronomer community!
I really enjoyed this one, even if the subject is comparatively tame. Thanks to Phil for the good hosting!
Phil on SciShow Space, wonderful
I think an important notation for this episode is size not in physical demotions like radius, but mass or how much it contains inside of it. you can theoretically have two stars of the same mass that have different densities and they will have a different radius.
loved that last _"maybe"_ ;)
Phil Plait is awesome - just heard him as a guest on an SGU podcast.
Phil Plait doing a guest spot on SciShow? It's nice when I see people I follow independently cross over.
i recently picked up Skeptics Guide to the Universe and started from the beginning. I heard you in the first 50 Podcasts :D
My man, Phil Plait! I was a bit sad that CC Astronomy was finished, but it was a great surprise to see that the Green brothers still hold you dear in their hearts, just as we do. Hope to see your awesome, secret (Death Star like, I'm assuming) plans soon!
Unfortunately, this was before CC Astronomy, so that was probably the secret plan he was talking about :( But here's to hoping there's still a death star in the making!
OMG how awesome is it to get actual Astronomers! You Rock Phil! You are the Real Dr Phil. lol
A project with Hank and Phil?! That's all kinds of awesome!
The smallest star in the universe would be a great title for a children's book.
this blew my mind!! space is so friggen cool!
Love this guy on how the universe works.
Well this was a pleasant surprise :)
Lets see more of you Phil :)
I love this channel so much.
I really like this guy, I hope he hosts more.
You were really good Phil! I really hope you come one the show again and I can't wait to see the "secret project" with Hank.
Excellent. I'd like to just Phil my Plait with more videos like this.
This guy is a brilliant Science presenter. Learnt more than the others, except form Hank of course :)
gotta love hearing we think and maybe when talking about science
Well written and his diction is great.
AHHHHH! Old Hank!!!! *Runs away screaming*
I love this guy he's been in so many science documentaries
I wanted to put this out there since I've seen a lot of questions/comments concerning these topics.
When it comes to stars we typically can just say 'size' and talk about both mass and radius because the two are correlated. Massive stars have a big radius, small mass stars have a small radius. This has to do with the different processes of nuclear fusion and the balance the stars must have between pressure and gravity.
White dwarfs and neutron stars do seem to counter this. They are very small in radius and can be very massive. However, they are not technically stars, they are stellar remnants. A star is defined as a ball of gas that emits light due to nuclear reactions happening in the core. Stellar remnants are what's leftover of the gas ball and they emit light because they are very hot and in the process of cooling down.
Back to the beginning, young stellar objects (YSOs) or protostars can also be very small in size and/or mass but these are also not stars. They are balls of gas in the process of becoming stars but nuclear reactions haven't started yet. This is where brown dwarfs come in. They are protostars that just never quite made it, fusion never started, so all they can do is slowly cool down which is where their light comes from.
In the case of Jupiter, the line is kinda blurry. From the current theory of star formation and the formation of the solar system, a gas giant forms from a different process than a star. It starts with a rocky core that slowly accumulates gas whereas stars are all gas. Brown dwarfs are much hotter and cooling down whereas Jupiter is very cold. Personally, I stick with the mass limit that's currently set. Above 13 Mj (Jupiter masses) it's a brown dwarf, below that it's a planet. Yea, it seems arbitrary, but that's the line we set so I use it.
"Secret project in the works"? Ok you've held my subscription a while longer...
Fun fact, this search is incredibly useful because small stars have the biggest chance of having highly evolved civilizations. Because they are stable for a VERY long time. Also their weak solar wind won't blow the atmosphere off a planet, like what happened to poor Mars. Thirdly astronomers haven't really looked at smaller, harder to observe stars as much, so once again, since we haven't looked another good reason they might find life.
I could well imagine him hosting a few more episodes of scishow space. Please, Hank?
Glad to see you here, Mr Plait!
This video was very helpful with school . Thanks
PHIL!!! Holy bacon, I had no idea you were a host here! You're, like, my idol! Second only to the Neil Man himself XD
Thanks! I'll tell Neil.
***** Hey, don't take it personally. I mean, have you SEEN his college wrestling photos? (Also unsure whether to be elated right now or mortified for making an ass of myself in front of one of my favorite people)
Amelia Bee Ha! Neil's an old friend, and I think the argument can be made that he's done pretty well for himself. :) No worries, I was just teasing you.
***** Yeah...still feelin' like an ass. :p Well if you're ever in Seattle for a lecture or some other science forum, let me know!
Something interesting that might make you think. If you were to somehow transfer a bucket of water as large (or larger just good measure) to a brown dwarf and poured all the water onto it (water can't evaporate without present oxygen), that brown dwarf would get a new kickstart in it's lifespan. The star would get brighter, hotter, and larger. All thanks to the amount of hydrogen that makes up water's compound.
I like this speaker....keep making vids for Scishow please
I wish they had shown the little star. I bet it has a big smile on it's face because it is famous and loved.
I used to hang out at BAUT forums all the time, but now-a-days I get my space and pseudo-space fix from KSP forums.