So informative video, thanks for the lecture ma'am. Realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations relations, it explains international relations in terms of anarchy, the balance of power, and the national interest. Six principles of Morgenthau’s political realism: • (1) politics is rooted in a permanent & unchanging human nature which is self- centred, self-regarding and self-interested. • (2) Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to economics or to morals. Leaders guided by dictates of political wisdom. • (3) Self-interest is a basic fact of the human condition- states seek own security & survival. • (4) The ethics of politics is political or situational which is very different from private morality - thus leaders burdened by their responsibility to the people should strive not to do the best but, rather to do the best that circumstances on that particular time permit. • (5) Opposing crusading behavior (imposing ideologies & values) because it threatens international peace & security. • (6) Statecraft involves a profound awareness of human limitations and imperfections (pessimistic view of human nature) .
Spectacularly explained lecture. My analysis: German philosopher Hans Morgenthau is regarded as one of the "founding fathers" of realism in the 20th century and made noteworthy contributions to this school of thought, especially in the post-World War II era. This school of thought holds that nation-states are the central actors in international relations and that the main responsibility of the domain is the study of power. In his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace”, he laid down six principles of political realism in the chapter, "A Realist Theory of International Relations”. These are: 1. Politics is governed by objective laws based on Human nature. 2. National Interest is defined in terms of national power. 3. There is no fixed or unchanging meaning of Interest. It is always dynamic. 4. Inapplicability of Abstract Moral Principles to politics. 5. Difference between Moral Aspiration of a nation and Universal Moral Laws. 6. Autonomy of International Politics.
Hans morgenthau is a German born american political scientist and hostorian well knowns for his significant contribution towards international relations theory. He is also called the founding father of realist perspectives in IR . His writing 'politics among nations' mention six principles which are :- 1. Politics is governer by objective laws which have roots in human nature. 2. National interest defined in terms of national power. 3. Interest is always dynamic. 4. Abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics. 5. Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles. 6. Autonomy of international politics. Thankuou!✨ Nupur soni 20/1951
Thank you Mam for presenting such a knowledgeable lecture. Hans J Morgenthau was the founding father of the school of realism. The most important literature published by him was- Politics Among Nations:The Struggle For Power And Peace. He was the author of several other outstanding publications like- 1- Scientific Man VS Power Politics(1946) 2- In Defence Of The National Interest(1951) 3- Dilemmas of Politics(1958) Hans Morgenthau looked at human nature from a fairly constant perspective. The focus was on being more and more empirical and logical. He observed that people continuously strive for power. He quoted-“human nature has not changed…,” and the job of the statesman was to preserve his country’s security in face of this unending struggle. He stressed that one should look at the world as it is. The realism perspective places greed of human nature as the centre of international relations. International politics,like all politics, is a struggle for power. In his work- Scientific Man VS Power Politics- the work makes an attempt to account for principles holds that nations always define and act for securing their national interests. Power- assumption that political leaders think and act in terms of interest defined as power(objective category accepted worldwide) Realism maintains that universal moral principles can not be applied to the actions of the states in their abstract universal formulation but they must be filtered through concrete circumstances of time and place. The highlighting principles are- ✅ politics is governed by objective laws having roots in human nature. ✅ national interests defined in terms of national power. ✅ interest is always dynamic. ✅ abstract moral principles can not be applied to politics. ✅ difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles. ✅ autonomy of international politics At the end, balance of power and policy aiming it’s preservation are not only inevitable but an essential stabilising factor in a sovereign nation.
Hans Morganthau was known for his important contribution to international relations theory. Through this work he presented a very significant perspective with reference to understanding international relations. The six principles given by him :- 1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature. 2. National interest defined in terms of national power. 3. Interest is always Dynamic. 4. Abstract Moral principles cannot be applied to politics. 5. Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles. 6. Autonomy of International Politics
Thanku so much ma'am for this informative lecture on hans j. Morgenthau. Hans morgenthau plays a vital role in IR. His six principles are..... * Politics governed by objective law. * Interest define in terms of power. * Nature of power can change. * Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour. * No Universally agreed moral principles. * Politics is a separate sphere of human activities.
THANK YOU SO MUCH MA'AM FOR SUCH AN INFORMATIVE LECTURE Hans Morgenthau was known for his important contributions to International Relations theory. He was also a contributor to numerous scholarly periodicals and journals of opinion. 6 PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM BY HANS MORGENTHAU 1. Politics is governed by objective Laws which have roots in human nature 2. National Interest defined in terms of National Power 3. Interest is always dynamic 4. Abstract Moral Principle cannot applied to politics 5. Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principle 6. Autonomy of International Politics
Thank you mam for this informative video. As said in the video, Hans Morganthan plays a vital role in International Relation. His 6 principles define IR as:- 1. Politics governed by Objective Laws. 2. Interest defined in terms of power. 3. Nature of power can change. 4. Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour. 5. No universally agreed moral principles. 6. Politics is a separate sphere of human activities. Thus, His works revamps IR and forms basis for other perspectives.
Thank u mam for such an informative lecture. Hans Morgenthau made landmark contribution to IR theory and the study of international law. He is considered among the most influential realists of the post-world war ll period. He is considered as one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in 2pth century. He emphasized on the importance of national interest. He is sometimes reffered as a classical realist in order to diff. his approach from structural realism to neo-realism associated with kenneth waltz. He argued in politics Among Nations that skillful diplomacy drawing on these principles could lead to stability via the balance of power.
Hans Morgenthau is founding father of realist perspective in international relations. 6 principles of political realism are : 1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in Human Nature : these laws can not be refuted or challenged. 2. National interest defined in terms of national power: nations always define and act for securing their national interest by means of power. 3. Interest is always Dynamic: concept of national interest is always changing in nature and scope. 4. Abstract moral principles can not be applied to politics: moral principles do not determine policies & actions of states. 5. Differences between moral aspirants of a nation & the universal moral principles. 6. Autonomy of international politics: political realism has its distinctive intellectual & moral attitude towards political matters . Thankyou ma’am for such informative video…
Hans Morgenthau was known for his contribution in IR.He is also called the founding father of realist perspective in IR. The six principles provided by him are:- 1st principle Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature. 2nd principle National interest defined in terms of national power. 3rd principle Interest is always dynamic. 4th principle Abstract moral principles cannot be applied to Politics. 5th principle Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles. 6th principle Autonomy of international politics. Thank you ma'am for this amazing lecture.
Greetings of the day respected ma'am Hans Morgenthau produced the standard work of Classical Realism after the end of II nd World War in 1948. His work was Politics Among Nations - The Struggle for Power and Peace. Principles given by Hans Morgenthau are as follows :- 1. Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature 2. Facts of Human Nature 3. National Interest defined in terms of National Power 4. Interest is always Dynamic 5. Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics, there's difference between moral aspirations and nation aspirations. 6. Prudence as the Guide, Autonomy of International Relations Thanks a lot ma'am
Thankyou maam for such an informative and wonderful lectures...it clears everything so beautifully. Thankyou so much for explaining . Hans morgenthau is considered one of the founding fathers of realistic perspective in international relations. He made great contributions to the school of thought, especially in the post world War ll Era. In 1948 he wrote a book "politics among nations", the struggle for politics and peace. Morgenthau has explain six principles of his realist theory. These together constitute the essence of his political realism. ●1st principle : Politics is governed by objective laws based on human nature ●2nd principle: National interest is defined in terms of national power. ●3rd principle: There is no fixed or unchanging meaning of interest. It is always dynamic. ●4th principle: Inappicability of abstract moral principles to politics. ●5th principle: Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles. ●6th principle : Autonomy of international politics. Megha chatterjee 20/0015
Morgenthau elaborates his theory of Political Realism by his six principles. 1. Politics governed by objective laws based on human nature 2. National interest defined in terms of power. 3. No fixing or unchanging meaning of interest. 4. Inapplicability of Abstract moral Principles. 5. Difference between moral aspiration of a nation and Universal Moral Laws. 6. Autonomy of the 'Political'.
INTRODUCTION Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish. In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’. MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism. He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’. Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism:- I)Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature. II)National Interest defined in terms of National Power. III) Interest is always Dynamic. IV) Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics. V. )Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles. VI)Autonomy of International Politics.
6 principles by Hans Morgenthau 1. Politics governed by objective laws. 2. International Interest defined in terms of national power. 3. Nature of power can change but (self) interst remains consistent . 4. Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour . 5. No universally agreed set of moral principles - power is about control of man over man ( state over state) . 6. Politics and political man must be removed / abstracted from other aspects of human nature - this is an autonomous zone , in other words , politics is a separate sphere of human activity .
Thank you mam for the lecture.....It's very informative as always. My understanding is:- Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in the 20th century. Hans J. Morgenthau's work that is "POLITICS AMONG NATIONS: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER AND PEACE" is a very significant literature with reference to International Relation perspective. He was the contributor to numerous scholarly periodicals and journals of opinion, Morgenthau was also the author of:- Scientific Man vs. Power Politics (1946), In Defense of the National Interest (1951), Dilemmas of Politics (1958), The Purpose of American Politics (1960), Politics in the Twentieth Century (1962) and Truth and Power(1970). His writing -" Politics among nations '' mentions six principles which are: 1. First Principle: Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature. II. Second Principle: National Interest defined in terms of National Power: III. Third Principle: Interest is always Dynamic. IV. Fourth Principle: Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics. V. Fifth Principle: Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles. VI. Sixth Principle: Autonomy of International Politics. Thank you:)
Hans morgenthau was known for his important contributions to IR. He is also known as the founding father of realist perspectives in IR. The work presents 6 principles : 1.Political realism believes that politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature. 2. The main signpost that helps political realism to find its way through the landscape of international politics is the concept of interest defined in terms of power. 3. Realism assumes that its key concept of interest defined as power is an objective category which is universally valid, but it does not endow that concept with a meaning that is fixed once and for all. 4. Political realism is aware of the moral significance of political action. It is also aware of the ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action. 5. Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe. 6. The difference, then, between political realism and other schools of thought is real, and it is profound. THANKYOU : ) !!
Hans Morgenthau was known for his contribution in IR.He is also called the Founding Father of Realist Perspective in IR. √ 6 PRINCIPLES provided by him are - 1:Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in human nature. 2:National Interest defined in terms of National Power. 3:Abstract moral principles cannot be applied in politics. 4:Interest is always dynamic. 5:Difference between Moral Aspirants of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles. 6:Autonomy of International Politics.
Thank you ma’am for such an informative lecture 💫 Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the founding fathers of realistic perspectives in international relations. He made great contributions to the school of thought, especially in the post-world War ll Era. In 1948 he wrote a book "politics among nations", the struggle for politics and peace. A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism. He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’. ■ These are: ● Politics is governed by objective laws based on Human nature. ● National Interest is defined in terms of national power. ● There is no fixed or unchanging meaning of Interest. It is always dynamic. ● Inapplicability of Abstract Moral Principles to politics. ● Difference between Moral Aspiration of a nation and Universal Moral Laws. ● Autonomy of International Politics.
The six principles provided by Hans Morgenthau are : 1. Politics is governed by objective laws . 2. National interest defined in terms of national power . 3. Abstract moral principles cannot be applied in politics. 4. Interest is always dynamic 5. Autonomy of International politics
Hans Morgenthau was a German philosopher who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of realism in the 20th century and made a notable contribution to this school of thought, especially in the post-world war 2nd era. The school of thought holds that nations, States are the central actor in international relations and that the prior responsibilities of the domain are the study of power. As of it, Woodrow Willson says the prior action of the nations must be peace in between conflictual affairs in IR. In his book ( Hans Morganthau) "politics among nations "÷ the struggle for power and peace. He laid down six principles of political realism in this chapter A realist theory of international relations, ÷÷ 1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature. 2 .national interest is defined in terms of national power. 3. nature of power can be change but self-interest remains consistent. 4.inapplicability of abstract moral principles to politics. 5.No universally agreed set of moral principles power is about control of man over man ( state over states). 6. autonomy of international politics. Thank you ma'am for the speculator lecture This video is covering all aspects mainly considering of Hans morgabthau. Thank you mam once again.
Thank you maam As always very informative Morgenthau elaborates his theory of political realism by his six principles First Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature. 2. National interest defined in terms of national power. 3 . Interest is always dynamic. 4.bstract moral principle cannot be applied to politics. 5 .Difference between moral aspirants of nation and the universal moral principles. 6. A autonomy of international politics.
Thank you ma'am • Hans Morgenthau - A german - born american political scientist and historian . He is also known as founding father of the realist perspective in international relations . Also Known for his contributions to : 1. International Relations Theory 2. United States Foreign Policy 3. Scholarly periodicals 4. Journals of opinion 5. Author of - Scientific Man Vs Power Politics , In Defense of the national interest , Dilemmas of politics 1. Textual analysis - To look at the text as it is and what literary strategies it entails . 2. Contextual analysis - It focuses on better understanding the reasons behind a particular work that is written. • Cold war - A state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions or propaganda. This term is most commonly used to refer to America and Soviet union : Cold war of 1947-1991 • Post war peaceful settlement- 14 points on Jan 8 , 1918 ; it was a declaration by the then US Presentation Woodrow Wilson • Realism - 1. The ultimate goal that realism identifies is that of self interest . 2. It looks at human nature in the sense of selfish and egoistic aspects. 3. It places greed of human nature at the centre of international relations 4. If analyzed- International politics like all politics is a struggle for power . 5. Realism maintains that Universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states in their abstract universal formulation but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place. 6. Political realism - refuses to identify the moral aspiration of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe. • The concept of interest is defined as power • Advantages of it by Hans Morgenthau 1. Imposes intellectual discipline upon the observer. 2. Infuses rational order into the subject matter of politics. 3. Makes the theoretical understanding of politics possible. • Principles 1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature 2. National interest defined in terms of national power 3. Interest is always dynamic 4. Abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics 5. Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles. 6. Autonomy of international politics • Evolving Debate - 1. Nature of IR has changed a lot since cold war 2. Feminism - Male bias in IR concepts and realist theories • Significance -: Hans Morgenthau politics amongst nation is important because it tells us that how in international relations the world nations interact issues of conflict or that of peace .
1.The first principle of political realism holds that “politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature.” It is as such necessary to understand these laws and build a rational theory of international politics. “These laws cannot be refuted and challenged. Taking these as the basis, we can formulate a rational theory of International Politics; Political Realism believes that international politics operates on the basis of certain objective laws.” 2.The master key and the core of Morgenthau’s Realism is its second principle. This principle holds that nations always define and act for securing their national interests by means of power. 3.Political realism believes in the universal validity of the concept of interest defined in terms of power. The policies and actions of a nation are always governed by national interest. The idea of national interest is the essence of politics and is unaffected by the circumstances of time and place. 4.Political realism realizes the importance of moral principles but holds that in their abstract and universal formulations these cannot be applied to state actions. The moral significance of political action is undisputed but the universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states, unless these are analyzed in the light of specific conditions of time and space. Moral principles do not determine policies and actions of states. These are simply a source of some influence. 5.Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral principles that govern the universe. It refuses to accept that the national interests and policies of any particular nation reflect universally applied moral principles. 6.Morgenthau Political Realism accepts the autonomy of International Politics as a discipline. On the basis of the above five principles, it is ascertained by Morgenthau that there exists a real and profound difference between political realism and other approaches and theories. Political realism has its distinctive intellectual and moral attitude towards political matters. It maintains the autonomy of the political sphere.
Hans J.Morgenthau work belong to the tradition of realism in IR .He is usually considered among the most influential realist of post world war ll . Through his writing Politics among nations: the struggle for power and peace , gave 6 principles of political realism and according to his principles politics is governed by objective law , the interest defined in term of power , nature of power can change but interest remains consistent, universal moral principle do not govern state behavior, there is no universally agreed set of moral principles and poliyics and political man must be removed from the aspect of human nature. He also gave the 3 s' of realism - Statism Survival Self-help
Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism. 🔴Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature: The first principle of political realism holds that “politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature.” 🔴National Interest defined in terms of National Power 🔴The master key and the core of Morgenthau’s Realism is its second principle. This principle holds that nations always define and act for securing their national interests by means of power. 🔴National Interest is always secured by the use of National Power. Each nation conceptualizes its national interests in terms of power and then acts to secure these by means of power. History fully supports this view . 🔴Interest is always Dynamic Political realism believes in the universal validity of the concept of interest defined in terms of power. 🔴Political realism stands for understanding the nature of international relations through a continuous and regular analysis of the factors of national power and national interest which always determine the nature and scope of relations among nations. 🔴Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics: 🔴Political realism realizes the importance of moral principles but holds that in their abstract and universal formulations these cannot be applied to state actions. 🔴Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles: Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral principles that govern the universeIt refuses to accept that the national interests and policies of any particular nation reflect universally applied moral principles. 🔴Nations are actors engaged in securing their respective national interests and are not the followers of moral laws. 🔴Autonomy of International Politics: 🔴Morgenthau Political Realism accepts the autonomy of International Politics as a discipline. On the basis of the above five principles, it is ascertained by Morgenthau that there exists a real and profound difference between political realism and other approaches and theories. Political realism has its distinctive intellectual and moral attitude towards political matters. It maintains the autonomy of the political sphere. 🔴“A political realist always thinks in terms of interest defined as power, as an economist thinks of interest defined as wealth; the lawyer, of the conformity of action with legal rules and the moralist, of the conformity of action with moral principles.” 🔴Political realism is neither idealistic nor legalistic and nor even moralistic in its approach to International Politics.
Hans Morgenthau was known for his important contributions to IR. He is also called as the founding father of realist perspectives in IR. This work provided a very significant perspective to understanding IR. The work presents some of the interesting principles :- 1st principle - politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in Human Nature. 2nd principle - national interest defined in terms of national power. 3rd principle - abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics. 4th principle - abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics. 5th principle - Difference between moral aspirations of a nation & universal moral principles. 6th autonomy of international politics. The work also points an interesting idea that balance of power & politics among its preservation are not only inevitable but an essential stabilizing factor in a society of sovereign nation
Thank you for this great lecture it's really helpful Hans Morgentue known for his contribution in international relation He is also known as the founding father of realist perspective of international relations He provide 6 principles which are given below: 🔶polity is governed by objective law which have roots in human nature 🔶International interset is defined in the term of National power. 🔶interest is always dynamic Abstract moral cannot be applied in politics. 🔴politics is governed by objective law *political realism refuse to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral law that governs the universe..
It was very informative lecture ma'am thank u so much My analysis of this lecture Morgenthau's 6 principles of political realism 1. Politics governed by objective laws 2. Interest defined in terms of power stresses the rational, objective and unemotional aspects of this 3. Nature of power can change - but (self) interest remains consistent 4.Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour 5. No universally agreed set of moral principles - power is about control of man over man (state over state ..) 6. Politics and political man must be removed/abstracted from other aspects of human nature - this is an autonomous zone, In other words - politics is a separate sphere of human activity
Good morning mam . Hans j morganthaeu was a German scientist who wrote book politics among international relations. He was a author with many collections of his edition .He also contributed in philosophers, journalists and in foreign policy .he struggle for power and peace .cold War was a confrontation between 2 rivals without having a direct involve of military action. It was started in 1947 to 1991.it was between USA and ussr.cold war wasn't prepared intellectually.
Thankyou so much for sharing such important information with us ma'am. Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish. In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’. MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism. He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’. Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism. I. First Principle:-Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature II. Second Principle:-National Interest defined in terms of National Power III. Third Principle:-Interest is always Dynamic IV. Fourth Principle:-Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics V. Fifth Principle:-Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles VI. Sixth Principle:-Autonomy of International Politics
Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in the 20th century. This school of thought holds that nation-states are the main actors in international relations and that the main concern of the field is the study of power.
Thank you so much mam for this didactic lecture!! Hans J. Morgenthau " Politics among nations" : the struggle for power and peace. Hans morgenthau is also called as founding fathers of the 'Realist perspective in international relations' . The real school of thought in 20th century with the main idea that it's a nation states the main actors in international relations. Realism maintains the universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actors of states in their abstract universal formation, but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place. Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe. "The concept of interest defined in terms of power that save us from both that moral excess and that political folly". ☑️ Morgenthau has explained 6 principles of his Realist theory: 1. First principle Politics is governed by objective laws and which have roots in human nature. 2. Second principle National interest defined in terms of national power. 3. Third principle Interest is always dynamic 4. Fourth principle Abstract moral principle cannot be applied to politics 5. Fifth principle Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles 6. Sixth principle Autonomy of international politics. KIRAN 20/1300
Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in the 20th century. Morgenthau emphasized the of "the national interest", and in Politics Among Nations he wrote that "the main signpost that helps political realism to find its way through the landscape of international politics is the concept of interest defined in terms of power." Morgenthau is sometimes referred to as a classical realist or modern realist in order to differentiate his approach from the structural realism or neo-realism associated with Kenneth Waltz. His writing -" Politics among nations '' mentions six principles which are: 1. First Principle: Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature. II. Second Principle: National Interest defined in terms of National Power: III. Third Principle: Interest is always Dynamic. IV. Fourth Principle: Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics. V. Fifth Principle: Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles. VI. Sixth Principle: Autonomy of International Politics. Thanks a lot for this wholesome lecture. Shrutee shree Roll-20 /0223
Morgenthau's works belong to the tradition of realism in international relations theory, and he is usually considered among the most influential realists of the Post- World War ll period. Morgenthau made landmark contributions to international relations theory and the study of international law. His Politics Among Nations, first published in 1948,went through five edition during his lifetime. For most of his career, however, Morgenthau was esteemed as an academic interpreter of U.S. Foreign Policy.
Theory of International Politics by Kenneth Waltz Waltz starts his work with some basic assumptions which predict certain behaviors for states. These assumptions are: 1.The international system is anarchic: there is no higher central authority that can enforce rules over individual states. 2.Given this context, states act on the basis of self-help: They operate with the aim of survival and their interactions with other states reflect their desire to survive. 3.The structure only changes if great powers take actions that will lead to a change. Most states have no power to change the structure. Given this context, states will try to balance against each other because they will try to increase their chance of survival. Balancing can take two forms: Internal and external. Internal balancing refers to the investment of military power to match up with other states. External balancing refers to the alliance of states to counter a stronger power, or a hegemon. States will choose the weaker of the available coalitions because of the understanding that the stronger side is the one threatening their security. Waltz’ theory is mainly a critique of “reductionist” theories which look at the behavior of the units in the system (i.e. states) to explain outcomes. Waltz claims that this approach ignores the constraints imposed on state behavior by the international environment. In his consideration of international institutions, Waltz emphasizes that these are not the main actors in the international system but states are still the principal decision makers. Waltz’ theory has been one of the most influential IR theories in the 20th century. Its parsimony and rigor has been praised by scholars and it has largely been used to explain war and peace. Waltz starts his work with some basic assumptions which predict certain behaviors for states. These assumptions are: 1.The international system is anarchic: there is no higher central authority that can enforce rules over individual states. 2.Given this context, states act on the basis of self-help: They operate with the aim of survival and their interactions with other states reflect their desire to survive. 3.The structure only changes if great powers take actions that will lead to a change. Most states have no power to change the structure. Given this context, states will try to balance against each other because they will try to increase their chance of survival Balancing can take two forms: Internal and external. Internal balancing refers to the investment of military power to match up with other states. External balancing refers to the alliance of states to counter a stronger power, or a hegemon. States will choose the weaker of the available coalitions because of the understanding that the stronger side is the one threatening their security. The structure of the system is mainly based on the distribution of power. In other words, the distribution of power is the main (and sometimes the only) determinant of international outcomes. Since states are concerned with their own security, they try to maximize their relative power with respect to other states.
Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish. In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’. MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism. He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’. Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism. I. First Principle: Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature II. Second Principle: National Interest defined in terms of National Power III. Third Principle: Interest is always Dynamic IV. Fourth Principle: Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics V. Fifth Principle: Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles VI. Sixth Principle: Autonomy of International Politics Thank you ma'am for sharing this very informative lecture with us✨
☆Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers " of the realist school in the 20th century. This school of thought holds that nation - state are the main actors in International relations and that the main concern of the field is the study of power. #His realist theory :- Intereset defined as power .. as the benchmark. It emphasize the study of factors nd consequences of political policies nd gives secondary importance to motives in IR. # In 1948 , he wrote a book, ' POLITICS AMONG NATIONS: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER AND PEACE'. ☆Morgenthau elaborates his theory of political realism by his six principles from a chapter ' A Realist Theory of Internationalrelations' from his book.. which are as follows :- 1. Politics governed by objective laws based on Human nature. 2. National interest defined in terms of power.( politics is all about power). 3. No fixed or unchanging meaning of interest. (Power is universally valid concept 4. Inapplicability of abstract moral principles. 5. Difference between moral aspiration of a nation and universal moral laws. 6. Autonomy of the 'Political '. Thus, it is an important work by Morgenthau in understanding political realism in true sense for international relations.
Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature: Facts of Human Nature: National Interest defined in terms of National Power: Interest is always Dynamic: Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics: Prudence as the Guide:
Father of Modern Study of Ir George Kennan Containment was influenced by his work He said the US was intellectually unprepared He takes human nature as a constant thing.
𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗝 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘂 , the German born American political scientist and historian , is known for his important contribution to International Relation theory. _Hans J Morganthau “ 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗔𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 ”the struggle for power and peace in a very significant literature & text with reference to International relations prespective . # 𝗢𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 :- _scientific man Vs power politics _In defence of national interest _The purpose of american politics _ Politics in 20th century _Truth and power . 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗶𝘅 𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀 :- • Politics is governed by objective laws which law roots in human nature. • National interest defined in terms of national power. • Interest is always dynamic. • abstract model principles cannot be applied to politics. • Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles • Autonomy of international politics.. 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝘂 𝗺𝗮𝗺 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 .....✨
Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish. In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’. MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism. He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’. Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism. I. First Principle: Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature II. Second Principle: National Interest defined in terms of National Power III. Third Principle: Interest is always Dynamic IV. Fourth Principle: Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics V. Fifth Principle: Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles VI. Sixth Principle: Autonomy of International Politics
So informative video, thanks for the lecture ma'am. Realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations relations, it explains international relations in terms of anarchy, the balance of power, and the national interest. Six principles of Morgenthau’s political realism: • (1) politics is rooted in a permanent & unchanging human nature which is self- centred, self-regarding and self-interested. • (2) Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to economics or to morals. Leaders guided by dictates of political wisdom. • (3) Self-interest is a basic fact of the human condition- states seek own security & survival. • (4) The ethics of politics is political or situational which is very different from private morality - thus leaders burdened by their responsibility to the people should strive not to do the best but, rather to do the best that circumstances on that particular time permit. • (5) Opposing crusading behavior (imposing ideologies & values) because it threatens international peace & security. • (6) Statecraft involves a profound awareness of human limitations and imperfections (pessimistic view of human nature) .
Spectacularly explained lecture.
My analysis:
German philosopher Hans Morgenthau is regarded as one of the "founding fathers" of realism in the 20th century and made noteworthy contributions to this school of thought, especially in the post-World War II era.
This school of thought holds that nation-states are the central actors in international relations and that the main responsibility of the domain is the study of power.
In his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace”, he laid down six principles of political realism in the chapter, "A Realist Theory of International Relations”.
These are:
1. Politics is governed by objective laws based on Human nature.
2. National Interest is defined in terms of national power.
3. There is no fixed or unchanging meaning of Interest. It is always dynamic.
4. Inapplicability of Abstract Moral Principles to politics.
5. Difference between Moral Aspiration of a nation and Universal Moral Laws.
6. Autonomy of International Politics.
Hans morgenthau is a German born american political scientist and hostorian well knowns for his significant contribution towards international relations theory. He is also called the founding father of realist perspectives in IR .
His writing 'politics among nations' mention six principles which are :-
1. Politics is governer by objective laws which have roots in human nature.
2. National interest defined in terms of national power.
3. Interest is always dynamic.
4. Abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics.
5. Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles.
6. Autonomy of international politics.
Thankuou!✨
Nupur soni
20/1951
Thank you Mam for presenting such a knowledgeable lecture.
Hans J Morgenthau was the founding father of the school of realism. The most important literature published by him was- Politics Among Nations:The Struggle For Power And Peace. He was the author of several other outstanding publications like-
1- Scientific Man VS Power Politics(1946)
2- In Defence Of The National Interest(1951)
3- Dilemmas of Politics(1958)
Hans Morgenthau looked at human nature from a fairly constant perspective. The focus was on being more and more empirical and logical. He observed that people continuously strive for power. He quoted-“human nature has not changed…,” and the job of the statesman was to preserve his country’s security in face of this unending struggle. He stressed that one should look at the world as it is. The realism perspective places greed of human nature as the centre of international relations. International politics,like all politics, is a struggle for power. In his work- Scientific Man VS Power Politics- the work makes an attempt to account for principles holds that nations always define and act for securing their national interests.
Power- assumption that political leaders think and act in terms of interest defined as power(objective category accepted worldwide)
Realism maintains that universal moral principles can not be applied to the actions of the states in their abstract universal formulation but they must be filtered through concrete circumstances of time and place.
The highlighting principles are-
✅ politics is governed by objective laws having roots in human nature.
✅ national interests defined in terms of national power.
✅ interest is always dynamic.
✅ abstract moral principles can not be applied to politics.
✅ difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles.
✅ autonomy of international politics
At the end, balance of power and policy aiming it’s preservation are not only inevitable but an essential stabilising factor in a sovereign nation.
Hans Morganthau was known for his important contribution to international relations theory. Through this work he presented a very significant perspective with reference to understanding international relations.
The six principles given by him :-
1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature.
2. National interest defined in terms of national power.
3. Interest is always Dynamic.
4. Abstract Moral principles cannot be applied to politics.
5. Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles.
6. Autonomy of International Politics
Thanku so much ma'am for this informative lecture on hans j. Morgenthau.
Hans morgenthau plays a vital role in IR.
His six principles are.....
* Politics governed by objective law.
* Interest define in terms of power.
* Nature of power can change.
* Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour.
* No Universally agreed moral principles.
* Politics is a separate sphere of human activities.
THANK YOU SO MUCH MA'AM FOR SUCH AN INFORMATIVE LECTURE
Hans Morgenthau was known for his important contributions to International Relations theory. He was also a contributor to numerous scholarly periodicals and journals of opinion.
6 PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM BY HANS MORGENTHAU
1. Politics is governed by objective Laws which have roots in human nature
2. National Interest defined in terms of National Power
3. Interest is always dynamic
4. Abstract Moral Principle cannot applied to politics
5. Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principle
6. Autonomy of International Politics
Thank you mam for this informative video. As said in the video, Hans Morganthan plays a vital role in International Relation. His 6 principles define IR as:-
1. Politics governed by Objective Laws.
2. Interest defined in terms of power.
3. Nature of power can change.
4. Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour.
5. No universally agreed moral principles.
6. Politics is a separate sphere of human activities.
Thus, His works revamps IR and forms basis for other perspectives.
Thank u mam for such an informative lecture.
Hans Morgenthau made landmark contribution to IR theory and the study of international law. He is considered among the most influential realists of the post-world war ll period. He is considered as one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in 2pth century. He emphasized on the importance of national interest. He is sometimes reffered as a classical realist in order to diff. his approach from structural realism to neo-realism associated with kenneth waltz. He argued in politics Among Nations that skillful diplomacy drawing on these principles could lead to stability via the balance of power.
Hans Morgenthau is founding father of realist perspective in international relations. 6 principles of political realism are :
1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in Human Nature : these laws can not be refuted or challenged.
2. National interest defined in terms of national power: nations always define and act for securing their national interest by means of power.
3. Interest is always Dynamic: concept of national interest is always changing in nature and scope.
4. Abstract moral principles can not be applied to politics: moral principles do not determine policies & actions of states.
5. Differences between moral aspirants of a nation & the universal moral principles.
6. Autonomy of international politics: political realism has its distinctive intellectual & moral attitude towards political matters .
Thankyou ma’am for such informative video…
Hans Morgenthau was known for his contribution in IR.He is also called the founding father of realist perspective in IR.
The six principles provided by him are:-
1st principle
Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature.
2nd principle
National interest defined in terms of national power.
3rd principle
Interest is always dynamic.
4th principle
Abstract moral principles cannot be applied to Politics.
5th principle
Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles.
6th principle
Autonomy of international politics.
Thank you ma'am for this amazing lecture.
Greetings of the day respected ma'am
Hans Morgenthau produced the standard work of Classical Realism after the end of II nd World War in 1948.
His work was Politics Among Nations - The Struggle for Power and Peace.
Principles given by Hans Morgenthau are as follows :-
1. Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature
2. Facts of Human Nature
3. National Interest defined in terms of National Power
4. Interest is always Dynamic
5. Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics, there's difference between moral aspirations and nation aspirations.
6. Prudence as the Guide, Autonomy of International Relations
Thanks a lot ma'am
Thankyou maam for such an informative and wonderful lectures...it clears everything so beautifully. Thankyou so much for explaining .
Hans morgenthau is considered one of the founding fathers of realistic perspective in international relations. He made great contributions to the school of thought, especially in the post world War ll Era. In 1948 he wrote a book "politics among nations", the struggle for politics and peace.
Morgenthau has explain six principles of his realist theory. These together constitute the essence of his political realism.
●1st principle :
Politics is governed by objective laws based on human nature
●2nd principle:
National interest is defined in terms of national power.
●3rd principle:
There is no fixed or unchanging meaning of interest. It is always dynamic.
●4th principle:
Inappicability of abstract moral principles to politics.
●5th principle:
Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles.
●6th principle :
Autonomy of international politics.
Megha chatterjee 20/0015
Morgenthau elaborates his theory of Political Realism by his six principles.
1. Politics governed by objective laws based on human nature
2. National interest defined in terms of power.
3. No fixing or unchanging meaning of interest.
4. Inapplicability of Abstract moral Principles.
5. Difference between moral aspiration of a nation and Universal Moral Laws.
6. Autonomy of the 'Political'.
INTRODUCTION
Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish.
In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’.
MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM
A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism.
He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’.
Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism:-
I)Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature.
II)National Interest defined in terms of National Power.
III) Interest is always Dynamic.
IV) Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics.
V. )Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles.
VI)Autonomy of International Politics.
6 principles by Hans Morgenthau
1. Politics governed by objective laws.
2. International Interest defined in terms of national power.
3. Nature of power can change but (self) interst remains consistent .
4. Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour .
5. No universally agreed set of moral principles - power is about control of man over man ( state over state) .
6. Politics and political man must be removed / abstracted from other aspects of human nature - this is an autonomous zone , in other words , politics is a separate sphere of human activity .
Thank you mam for the lecture.....It's very informative as always.
My understanding is:-
Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in the 20th century. Hans J. Morgenthau's work that is "POLITICS AMONG NATIONS: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER AND PEACE" is a very significant literature with reference to International Relation perspective.
He was the contributor to numerous scholarly periodicals and journals of opinion,
Morgenthau was also the author of:- Scientific Man vs. Power Politics (1946), In Defense of the National Interest (1951), Dilemmas of Politics (1958), The Purpose of American Politics (1960), Politics in the Twentieth Century (1962) and Truth and Power(1970).
His writing -" Politics among nations '' mentions six principles which are:
1. First Principle:
Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature.
II. Second Principle:
National Interest defined in terms of National Power:
III. Third Principle:
Interest is always Dynamic.
IV. Fourth Principle:
Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics.
V. Fifth Principle:
Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles.
VI. Sixth Principle:
Autonomy of International Politics.
Thank you:)
Hans morgenthau was known for his important contributions to IR. He is also known as the founding father of realist perspectives in IR.
The work presents 6 principles :
1.Political realism believes that politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature.
2. The main signpost that helps political realism to find its way through the landscape of international politics is the concept of interest defined in terms of power.
3. Realism assumes that its key concept of interest defined as power is an objective category which is universally valid, but it does not endow that concept with a meaning that is fixed once and for all.
4. Political realism is aware of the moral significance of political action. It is also aware of the ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action.
5. Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe.
6. The difference, then, between political realism and other schools of thought is real, and it is profound.
THANKYOU : ) !!
Hans Morgenthau was known for his contribution in IR.He is also called the Founding Father of Realist Perspective in IR.
√ 6 PRINCIPLES provided by him are -
1:Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in human nature.
2:National Interest defined in terms of National Power.
3:Abstract moral principles cannot be applied in politics.
4:Interest is always dynamic.
5:Difference between Moral Aspirants of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles.
6:Autonomy of International Politics.
Thank you ma’am for such an informative lecture 💫
Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the founding fathers of realistic perspectives in international relations. He made great contributions to the school of thought, especially in the post-world War ll Era. In 1948 he wrote a book "politics among nations", the struggle for politics and peace.
A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism.
He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’.
■ These are:
● Politics is governed by objective laws based on Human nature.
● National Interest is defined in terms of national power.
● There is no fixed or unchanging meaning of Interest. It is always dynamic.
● Inapplicability of Abstract Moral Principles to politics.
● Difference between Moral Aspiration of a nation and Universal Moral Laws.
● Autonomy of International Politics.
The six principles provided by Hans Morgenthau are :
1. Politics is governed by objective laws .
2. National interest defined in terms of national power .
3. Abstract moral principles cannot be applied in politics.
4. Interest is always dynamic
5. Autonomy of International politics
Hans Morgenthau was a German philosopher who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of realism in the 20th century and made a notable contribution to this school of thought, especially in the post-world war 2nd era.
The school of thought holds that nations, States are the central actor in international relations and that the prior responsibilities of the domain are the study of power.
As of it, Woodrow Willson says the prior action of the nations must be peace in between conflictual affairs in IR.
In his book ( Hans Morganthau) "politics among nations "÷ the struggle for power and peace.
He laid down six principles of political realism in this chapter A realist theory of international relations, ÷÷
1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature.
2 .national interest is defined in terms of national power.
3. nature of power can be change but self-interest remains consistent.
4.inapplicability of abstract moral principles to politics.
5.No universally agreed set of moral principles power is about control of man over man ( state over states).
6. autonomy of international politics.
Thank you ma'am for the speculator lecture
This video is covering all aspects mainly considering of Hans morgabthau.
Thank you mam once again.
Thank you maam
As always very informative
Morgenthau elaborates his theory of political realism by his six principles
First
Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature.
2. National interest defined in terms of national power.
3 . Interest is always dynamic.
4.bstract moral principle cannot be applied to politics.
5 .Difference between moral aspirants of nation and the universal moral principles.
6. A autonomy of international politics.
Thank you ma'am
• Hans Morgenthau - A german - born american political scientist and historian . He is also known as founding father of the realist perspective in international relations .
Also Known for his contributions to :
1. International Relations Theory
2. United States Foreign Policy
3. Scholarly periodicals
4. Journals of opinion
5. Author of - Scientific Man Vs Power Politics , In Defense of the national interest , Dilemmas of politics
1. Textual analysis - To look at the text as it is and what literary strategies it entails .
2. Contextual analysis - It focuses on better understanding the reasons behind a particular work that is written.
• Cold war - A state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions or propaganda.
This term is most commonly used to refer to America and Soviet union : Cold war of 1947-1991
• Post war peaceful settlement- 14 points on Jan 8 , 1918 ; it was a declaration by the then US Presentation Woodrow Wilson
• Realism -
1. The ultimate goal that realism identifies is that of self interest .
2. It looks at human nature in the sense of selfish and egoistic aspects.
3. It places greed of human nature at the centre of international relations
4. If analyzed- International politics like all politics is a struggle for power .
5. Realism maintains that Universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states in their abstract universal formulation but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place.
6. Political realism - refuses to identify the moral aspiration of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe.
• The concept of interest is defined as power
• Advantages of it by Hans Morgenthau
1. Imposes intellectual discipline upon the observer.
2. Infuses rational order into the subject matter of politics.
3. Makes the theoretical understanding of politics possible.
• Principles
1. Politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in human nature
2. National interest defined in terms of national power
3. Interest is always dynamic
4. Abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics
5. Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles.
6. Autonomy of international politics
• Evolving Debate -
1. Nature of IR has changed a lot since cold war
2. Feminism - Male bias in IR concepts and realist theories
• Significance -: Hans Morgenthau politics amongst nation is important because it tells us that how in international relations the world nations interact issues of conflict or that of peace .
1.The first principle of political realism holds that “politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature.” It is as such necessary to understand these laws and build a rational theory of international politics. “These laws cannot be refuted and challenged. Taking these as the basis, we can formulate a rational theory of International Politics; Political Realism believes that international politics operates on the basis of certain objective laws.”
2.The master key and the core of Morgenthau’s Realism is its second principle. This principle holds that nations always define and act for securing their national interests by means of power.
3.Political realism believes in the universal validity of the concept of interest defined in terms of power. The policies and actions of a nation are always governed by national interest. The idea of national interest is the essence of politics and is unaffected by the circumstances of time and place.
4.Political realism realizes the importance of moral principles but holds that in their abstract and universal formulations these cannot be applied to state actions. The moral significance of political action is undisputed but the universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states, unless these are analyzed in the light of specific conditions of time and space. Moral principles do not determine policies and actions of states. These are simply a source of some influence.
5.Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral principles that govern the universe. It refuses to accept that the national interests and policies of any particular nation reflect universally applied moral principles.
6.Morgenthau Political Realism accepts the autonomy of International Politics as a discipline. On the basis of the above five principles, it is ascertained by Morgenthau that there exists a real and profound difference between political realism and other approaches and theories. Political realism has its distinctive intellectual and moral attitude towards political matters. It maintains the autonomy of the political sphere.
Hans J.Morgenthau work belong to the tradition of realism in IR .He is usually considered among the most influential realist of post world war ll .
Through his writing Politics among nations: the struggle for power and peace , gave 6 principles of political realism and according to his principles politics is governed by objective law , the interest defined in term of power , nature of power can change but interest remains consistent, universal moral principle do not govern state behavior, there is no universally agreed set of moral principles and poliyics and political man must be removed from the aspect of human nature. He also gave the 3 s' of realism -
Statism
Survival
Self-help
Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism.
🔴Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature:
The first principle of political realism holds that “politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature.”
🔴National Interest defined in terms of National Power
🔴The master key and the core of Morgenthau’s Realism is its second principle. This principle holds that nations always define and act for securing their national interests by means of power.
🔴National Interest is always secured by the use of National Power. Each nation conceptualizes its national interests in terms of power and then acts to secure these by means of power. History fully supports this view .
🔴Interest is always Dynamic
Political realism believes in the universal validity of the concept of interest defined in terms of power.
🔴Political realism stands for understanding the nature of international relations through a continuous and regular analysis of the factors of national power and national interest which always determine the nature and scope of relations among nations.
🔴Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics:
🔴Political realism realizes the importance of moral principles but holds that in their abstract and universal formulations these cannot be applied to state actions.
🔴Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles:
Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral principles that govern the universeIt refuses to accept that the national interests and policies of any particular nation reflect universally applied moral principles.
🔴Nations are actors engaged in securing their respective national interests and are not the followers of moral laws.
🔴Autonomy of International Politics:
🔴Morgenthau Political Realism accepts the autonomy of International Politics as a discipline. On the basis of the above five principles, it is ascertained by Morgenthau that there exists a real and profound difference between political realism and other approaches and theories. Political realism has its distinctive intellectual and moral attitude towards political matters. It maintains the autonomy of the political sphere.
🔴“A political realist always thinks in terms of interest defined as power, as an economist thinks of interest defined as wealth; the lawyer, of the conformity of action with legal rules and the moralist, of the conformity of action with moral principles.”
🔴Political realism is neither idealistic nor legalistic and nor even moralistic in its approach to International Politics.
Hans Morgenthau was known for his important contributions to IR. He is also called as the founding father of realist perspectives in IR.
This work provided a very significant perspective to understanding IR. The work presents some of the interesting principles :-
1st principle - politics is governed by objective laws which have roots in Human Nature.
2nd principle - national interest defined in terms of national power.
3rd principle - abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics.
4th principle - abstract moral principles cannot be applied to politics.
5th principle - Difference between moral aspirations of a nation & universal moral principles.
6th autonomy of international politics.
The work also points an interesting idea that balance of power & politics among its preservation are not only inevitable but an essential stabilizing factor in a society of sovereign nation
Thank you for this great lecture it's really helpful
Hans Morgentue known for his contribution in international relation
He is also known as the founding father of realist perspective of international relations
He provide 6 principles which are given below:
🔶polity is governed by objective law which have roots in human nature
🔶International interset is defined in the term of National power.
🔶interest is always dynamic
Abstract moral cannot be applied in politics.
🔴politics is governed by objective law
*political realism refuse to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral law that governs the universe..
It was very informative lecture ma'am thank u so much
My analysis of this lecture
Morgenthau's 6 principles of political realism
1. Politics governed by objective laws
2. Interest defined in terms of power stresses the rational, objective and unemotional aspects of this
3. Nature of power can change - but (self) interest remains consistent
4.Universal moral principles do not govern state behaviour
5. No universally agreed set of moral principles - power is about control of man over man (state over state ..)
6. Politics and political man must be removed/abstracted from other aspects of human nature - this is an autonomous zone, In other words - politics is a separate sphere of human activity
Good morning mam . Hans j morganthaeu was a German scientist who wrote book politics among international relations. He was a author with many collections of his edition .He also contributed in philosophers, journalists and in foreign policy .he struggle for power and peace .cold War was a confrontation between 2 rivals without having a direct involve of military action. It was started in 1947 to 1991.it was between USA and ussr.cold war wasn't prepared intellectually.
Thankyou so much for sharing such important information with us ma'am.
Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish.
In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’.
MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM
A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism.
He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’.
Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism.
I. First Principle:-Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature
II. Second Principle:-National Interest defined in terms of National Power
III. Third Principle:-Interest is always Dynamic
IV. Fourth Principle:-Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics
V. Fifth Principle:-Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles
VI. Sixth Principle:-Autonomy of International Politics
Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in the 20th century. This school of thought holds that nation-states are the main actors in international relations and that the main concern of the field is the study of power.
Thank you so much mam for this didactic lecture!!
Hans J. Morgenthau " Politics among nations" : the struggle for power and peace.
Hans morgenthau is also called as founding fathers of the 'Realist perspective in international relations' . The real school of thought in 20th century with the main idea that it's a nation states the main actors in international relations.
Realism maintains the universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actors of states in their abstract universal formation, but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place.
Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe.
"The concept of interest defined in terms of power that save us from both that moral excess and that political folly".
☑️ Morgenthau has explained 6 principles of his Realist theory:
1. First principle
Politics is governed by objective laws and which have roots in human nature.
2. Second principle
National interest defined in terms of national power.
3. Third principle
Interest is always dynamic
4. Fourth principle
Abstract moral principle cannot be applied to politics
5. Fifth principle
Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and the universal moral principles
6. Sixth principle
Autonomy of international politics.
KIRAN
20/1300
Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the realist school in the 20th century.
Morgenthau emphasized the of "the national interest", and in Politics Among Nations he wrote that "the main signpost that helps political realism to find its way through the landscape of international politics is the concept of interest defined in terms of power." Morgenthau is sometimes referred to as a classical realist or modern realist in order to differentiate his approach from the structural realism or neo-realism associated with Kenneth Waltz.
His writing -" Politics among nations '' mentions six principles which are:
1. First Principle:
Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature.
II. Second Principle:
National Interest defined in terms of National Power:
III. Third Principle:
Interest is always Dynamic.
IV. Fourth Principle:
Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics.
V. Fifth Principle:
Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles.
VI. Sixth Principle:
Autonomy of International Politics.
Thanks a lot for this wholesome lecture.
Shrutee shree
Roll-20 /0223
Morgenthau's works belong to the tradition of realism in international relations theory, and he is usually considered among the most influential realists of the Post- World War ll period.
Morgenthau made landmark contributions to international relations theory and the study of international law.
His Politics Among Nations, first published in 1948,went through five edition during his lifetime.
For most of his career, however, Morgenthau was esteemed as an academic interpreter of U.S. Foreign Policy.
Theory of International Politics
by Kenneth Waltz
Waltz starts his work with some basic assumptions which predict certain behaviors for states. These assumptions are:
1.The international system is anarchic: there is no higher central authority that can enforce rules over individual states.
2.Given this context, states act on the basis of self-help: They operate with the aim of survival and their interactions with other states reflect their desire to survive.
3.The structure only changes if great powers take actions that will lead to a change. Most states have no power to change the structure. Given this context, states will try to balance against each other because they will try to increase their chance of survival.
Balancing can take two forms: Internal and external. Internal balancing refers to the investment of military power to match up with other states. External balancing refers to the alliance of states to counter a stronger power, or a hegemon. States will choose the weaker of the available coalitions because of the understanding that the stronger side is the one threatening their security.
Waltz’ theory is mainly a critique of “reductionist” theories which look at the behavior of the units in the system (i.e. states) to explain outcomes. Waltz claims that this approach ignores the constraints imposed on state behavior by the international environment.
In his consideration of international institutions, Waltz emphasizes that these are not the main actors in the international system but states are still the principal decision makers.
Waltz’ theory has been one of the most influential IR theories in the 20th century. Its parsimony and rigor has been praised by scholars and it has largely been used to explain war and peace.
Waltz starts his work with some basic assumptions which predict certain behaviors for states. These assumptions are:
1.The international system is anarchic: there is no higher central authority that can enforce rules over individual states.
2.Given this context, states act on the basis of self-help: They operate with the aim of survival and their interactions with other states reflect their desire to survive.
3.The structure only changes if great powers take actions that will lead to a change. Most states have no power to change the structure. Given this context, states will try to balance against each other because they will try to increase their chance of survival
Balancing can take two forms: Internal and external. Internal balancing refers to the investment of military power to match up with other states. External balancing refers to the alliance of states to counter a stronger power, or a hegemon. States will choose the weaker of the available coalitions because of the understanding that the stronger side is the one threatening their security.
The structure of the system is mainly based on the distribution of power. In other words, the distribution of power is the main (and sometimes the only) determinant of international outcomes. Since states are concerned with their own security, they try to maximize their relative power with respect to other states.
very knowledgeable indeed. hope to get such informative videos in future too.
Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish.
In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’.
MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM
A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism.
He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’.
Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism.
I. First Principle:
Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature
II. Second Principle:
National Interest defined in terms of National Power
III. Third Principle:
Interest is always Dynamic
IV. Fourth Principle:
Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics
V. Fifth Principle:
Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles
VI. Sixth Principle:
Autonomy of International Politics
Thank you ma'am for sharing this very informative lecture with us✨
thank you maam nana jud koy masuwat sa analysis ni Sir P hehehehe
☆Hans Morgenthau is considered one of the "founding fathers " of the realist school in the 20th century. This school of thought holds that nation - state are the main actors in International relations and that the main concern of the field is the study of power.
#His realist theory :- Intereset defined as power .. as the benchmark. It emphasize the study of factors nd consequences of political policies nd gives secondary importance to motives in IR.
# In 1948 , he wrote a book, ' POLITICS AMONG NATIONS: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER AND PEACE'.
☆Morgenthau elaborates his theory of political realism by his six principles from a chapter ' A Realist Theory of Internationalrelations' from his book.. which are as follows :-
1. Politics governed by objective laws based on Human nature.
2. National interest defined in terms of power.( politics is all about power).
3. No fixed or unchanging meaning of interest. (Power is universally valid concept
4. Inapplicability of abstract moral principles.
5. Difference between moral aspiration of a nation and universal moral laws.
6. Autonomy of the 'Political '.
Thus, it is an important work by Morgenthau in understanding political realism in true sense for international relations.
A really high RoI lecture for NTA-NET & PSIR Optional ☆☆☆
Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature:
Facts of Human Nature:
National Interest defined in terms of National Power:
Interest is always Dynamic:
Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics:
Prudence as the Guide:
Superb ma'am
Where can I find the full version book, please help
Father of Modern Study of Ir
George Kennan Containment was influenced by his work
He said the US was intellectually unprepared
He takes human nature as a constant thing.
Very good class
𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗝 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘂 , the German born American political scientist and historian , is known for his important contribution to International Relation theory.
_Hans J Morganthau “ 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗔𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 ”the struggle for power and peace in a very significant literature & text with reference to International relations prespective .
# 𝗢𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 :-
_scientific man Vs power politics
_In defence of national interest
_The purpose of american politics
_ Politics in 20th century
_Truth and power .
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗶𝘅 𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀 :-
• Politics is governed by objective laws which law roots in human nature.
• National interest defined in terms of national power.
• Interest is always dynamic.
• abstract model principles cannot be applied to politics.
• Difference between moral aspirations of a nation and universal moral principles
• Autonomy of international politics..
𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝘂 𝗺𝗮𝗺 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 .....✨
12:50
9:50 Human nature is selfish and egoistic 10:41
14:14
Hans J. Morgenthau was from Germany. Knowing the condition of Germany during the time of Hitler, he concluded that - the governing can do what they wish.
In 1948, he wrote a book, ‘Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’.
MORGENTHAU’S SIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM
A chapter, “A Realist Theory of International Relations” in his book, “Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace” presents the six fundamental principles of political realism.
He identifies a different class of realism. He called it ‘Political Realism’.
Morgenthau has explained six principles of his Realist Theory. These together constitute the essence of his Political Realism.
I. First Principle: Politics is governed by Objective Laws which have roots in Human Nature
II. Second Principle: National Interest defined in terms of National Power
III. Third Principle: Interest is always Dynamic
IV. Fourth Principle: Abstract Moral Principles cannot be applied to Politics
V. Fifth Principle: Difference between Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles
VI. Sixth Principle: Autonomy of International Politics