American Reacts Dutch Monarchs Family Tree
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- Опубліковано 23 сер 2024
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To answer your main question about THE William of Orange, in the Netherlands we mainly refer to prince William 'the Silent' as THE William of Orange. But people in the United Kingdom mainly refer to King-Stadholder William III, as THE William of Orange, because of his reign as King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland.
And to further clarify the position of Stadholder, there is a important thing to know. The position of Stadholder under Charles V and Felipe II as King of Spain, the position was more something like a governor. When the Netherlands was still part of Spain, it existed out of 17 provinces, and each of these provinces would have a stadholder, often one person would become stadholder of more than one province, and during those times the stadholder mainly presided over the provincial 'parliaments' or councils and kept them in place, and the tasks of a stadholder were more like the tasks of a governor. But they weren't yet in charge of the army, or other local defenses in the Netherlands, usually the King appointed a viceroy whom would rule over the entirety of the Netherlands (which is now close to the current Netherlands+Belgium and Luxemburg) as the representative of the King, the viceroy was the head of the army and navy and was also higher in rank then the Stadholder. Sometimes the Viceroy had appointed a temporary Stadholder, when a previous stadholder died for example.
But the role of Stadholder was very different after dutch independence and the establishment of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.
In the Dutch Republic a stadholder was appointed by each province individually. and usually the Prince of Orange was stadholder of the provinces of: Holland & Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel. And also sometimes of Groningen and Drenthe.
And usually the Nassau branch of the descendents of William of Orange (Just like Johan William Friso) became stadholder of Frisia, Groningen and Drenthe. It wasn't until the 18th century when all provinces ultimately fell onder one stadholder, under William IV.
The stadholder had overall the task of being a uniting figure midst the provinces, because the provinces were fairly autonomous, and they appointed mayors, and other important political figures. They where also in the position to exercise (?) the law and be a kind of judge. and they could pardon people.
In the Dutch Republic the role of Stadholder was much more militaristic and the Stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel usually became Captain-general of the Dutch army, and Admiral-General of the Dutch Fleet, thus he became the commander in chief of the Dutch army and Navy. So after the 'kind-of-' Prime-Minister of the Dutch Republic, the stadholder was mainly the Second most powerful man in the Republic. Although some stadholders de-facto ruled over the Dutch Republic. and although the stadholders where earlier one appointed by the provinces, the office of stadholder eventually became hereditary.
And to answer another question, yes at some point was the Prussian Royal Family related to the House of Orange-Nassau. After the death of King-Stadholder Willem III, there were 2 major claims to the titles of Prince of Orange and other possessions that was part of the titles. Firstly Prins Johan Willem Friso, whom was the stadholder of the province of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe, and Secondly King Frederick I of Prussia. eventually the descendants of Johan Friso had the right to call themselves Prince of Orange and the Kings of Prussia also styled themselves as Prince of Orange. And eventually more Prussian Kings of the House of Hohenzollern carried the titles of Prince of Orange, up until even Kaiser Wilhelm II, and the Current Head of the House of Hohenzollern, Georg Friedrich, carries the title of Prince of Orange.
He didn’t mention that Queen Julianna was only in the UK briefly before they were taken to Canada for the rest of the war. Princess Margriet was born in the Ottawa Civic Hospital. The maternity ward was made Dutch territory temporarily and the Dutch flag was flown over the House of Parliament. This was the first and only time a foreign flag flew over our capital.. In gratitude, for the liberation of the Netherlands and shelter of the Royal family, The Dutch have sent thousands of beautiful tulips to Ottawa, every year since. There remains a very strong bond between Canada and the Netherlands. There is a very good video of the celebrations, when the small number of remaining WWII vets returned to Appledorn, Netherlands with some historic clips of the occupation by the Nazis. Narrated by Peter Mansbridge.
@@kattenkwaadaardig Thanks, old age doesn’t help my memory much. I should have double checked.
In the Netherlands we call William the silent William of Orange.
The term "Protestant" itself refers to a group of lutherian nobles leaving the "Reichstag" of Augsburg in 1530 early to protest the fact that their calls for religious reforms fell on deaf ears with Charles V.. The Thirty Years War was really just the last, bloodiest chapter of that story.
Yes Flanders is the 'Dutch' language part of Belgium (the dialect is called 'Vlaams (Flemish). The French-speaking area is called Wallonia and the residents are Waloons. (There's a small area of german-speaking folks in the south east of the county (next to the point where Belgium, Netherlands and Germany meet.)
Important to know, the house of Orange was part of the highest nobility in Europe at that time. They were princes. Royalty, even if their territory was tiny. So, when the young Wilhelm of Nassau-Dillenburg (part of a lower class of nobility) inherited the title of Prince of Orange, he suddenly became part of the same class of nobility as the Spanish king. Willem was actually raised at the Spanish court together with Philip II of Spain.
On the 31st of October 1517, Martin Luther (alledgedly) nailed his 95 theses to the doors of the castle church of Wittenberg (nowadays in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in Germany). This is seen as the start of the Protestant Reformation, although it took a few years for things to heat up. By the mid-16th century, the situation in Germany had settled down a bit (after a few wars and the infamous Peasant's War) and the Augsburg Settlement of 1555 recognized the Lutherans in the Empire. However, Calvinists were not part of this deal and the spanish crown didn't felt bound by it anyway, so the religious conflict in the Netherlands continued to escalate. Due to several factors, the Augsburg settlement broke down after the start of the 30 Year's War (1618). The war was partially a religious war and was started for religious reasons (protestant bohemian nobles vs the catholic Habsburgs), but this was not the only aspect. But the Augsburg settlement certainly helped to postpone the big religious conflict within the Empire for several decades.
Stadtholders had a lot of influence but were not leaders of the country, when William the third became king of England and Scotland he basically had nothing to say anymore in the Netherlands. It's not like he ruled over England, Scotland and the Netherlands at the same time, the Netherlands was a Republic after all.
William of Orange is the first guy. (Killed in 1584). The first king (also named William of Orange) is known in the Netherlands as (king) Willem I.
one mistake that's been made is that there is no king of Belgium. It's the king of the Belgians... small difference, but he's not the king of the country, but of the people.
There was also a practical economical reason to group the Netherlands with Spain. Spain and Portugal had a monopoly on the intercontinental sea trade. Meanwhile, the Dutch dominated the sea trade within Europe. By keeping them in one political unit, Charles V ensured a top-to-bottom control of all shipping in Europe.
Regarding the title, I don't know why they don't just translate it. Stadhouder = Steward. A stadhouder was the King's local representative, who governed a region in the name of the king.
regarding the name. They are all 'William of Orange'. However, in practice, when people say that name, they will mean either William the Silent, or William III. The Dutch will generally go wioth the first, the British with the second option.
To understand it we should not forget hat countries weren't really a thing until the Dutch Republic. There were just territories, administrative subdivisions, people's living on it, usually united by language and often named after the language or the other way around, and kings and lords posessing those territories through inheretance and marriage, and sometimes war. Kingdoms weren't countries, they were just what a king happened to have inhereted.
This was supposed to all come from god, who put that king in the position to have absolute rule over the people there. He had the divine right of kings, the king was the souvereign, the territory was defined as an entity by his rule with his personal flag, and he of course as put their by god was the one to decide which religion the people had, after the reformation that was, before that everybody was catholic. This was also why they didn't take precautions or made arrangements for inheretance, this was all in god's hands, he would put a king in place by birth.
So the Dutch, who had enjoyed a lot of autonomy and civil rights in the centuries before Philip II of Spain, who had merchants becoming more influential than nobles and who made a lot of their own land out of water, declared the king of Spain a tyrant and the people souvereign instead of the king in 1581, because the Dutch wanted religious tolerance instead of the Spanish Inquisition. .A king had to serve the people, not the other way around. They couldn't find a new king to meet those standards, and had to come with the concept of the nation state, a country as we now know it, as they went along. A national identity was created, with a national flag and a national anthem and things like that.
After Willem III of Orange invaded England, no he wasn't invited, he planned an invasion and asked 7 lord parliamentarians to write him an invitation as part of bigger plan to make it look like a liberation rather than a conquest, because he just wanted a stable protestant ally to prevent England from teaming up with Louis XIV of France again like in 1672 and almost destroying the Dutch Republic. Through the constitutional monarchy he created and the bill of rights, lasting until today, the UK also became a nation state, with a king, but also a political-geographical entity apart from the king. No longer a royal posession but a country.
so to understand it we shouldn't project the developments of the 17th century, the nation state, on the situation from before those developments. We should also not confuse the post napoleontic order with the situation before. This was not a national matter anymore, the mighty British Empire that claimed the victory over Napoleon decided to have a buffer monarchy in front of republican France which became the Kingdom of the Netherlands, including today's Belgium and the bankrupt Netherlands with many of it's colonies under British control after they took the war with France overseas simply accepted the deal, despite Willem ! becoming an absolute ruler at first.
16:08 Fun fact about Prince John William Friso: All presently ruling European monarchs are descendants of his: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_descendants_of_John_William_Friso
Flanders originally was one of the Belgian states, but nowadays the North of Belgium is just referred to as Flanders, even though it includes Brabant and Limburg.
Sometimes when an heir was too young to rule , his mother would rule ( as Regent) in his place until he was mature enough. William the 4th was desperate to live until Princess Victoria was old enough to rule in her own right , so that her mother was kept out of affairs.. This happened. Mary Queen of Scots succeeded to the throne at a few days of age , and her French mother , Mary of Guise partly ruled Scotland for a time.
Our national anthem refers to Wilhelmus of Nassau or in English William of Nassau so the first one, the silent one
21:07 --> They'd say William The Silent (the first one). It's the most "famous" king story we know. It's also less complicated than the story of his offspring.
Dutch primary schools often cover some history with William the Silent (as it's easier to simplify). And High School covers some parts of the "other" William. Which is somewhat more difficult to explain (which is why they choose an audience of older kids for it).
The William the Silent story can also be depicted in multiple ways. Back in my day ( >insert meme
As a Dutch person, if you'd ask me who William of Orange was, I'd say the first one, William the Silent. Though the first Dutch king, William I, can also be easily referred to by naming him 'king William I' instead of William of Orange. Both king William I and William of Orange would correctly be referred to as William I, so adding king or 'of Orange' is used to distinguish between the two.
The Netherlands, low lands, pays bas, paesos bajos, all meaning the same, used to be the geographical area that is now the kingdom of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg. This was one administrative subdivision of 17 provinces in the HRE. It's latinized name for the entire area used to be Belgica. The people and the language were called Nederdiets or Niederdeutsch or Netherdutch as opposed to the other Deutsch spoken on higher ground to the East and South, Mitteldeutsch and Hochdeutsch.
The Dutch Republic, only consisting of the Northern part dominated all European trade, and this mostly trough the Holland provinces. So the British, allthouhg much, much smaller in the European trade, would in harbours all over Europe encounter sailors from Holland or on ships from Holland and speaking Dutch. They simply would not run into the Germans speaking High Dutch or Middle Dutch (other than as sailor on a Dutch ship, the Dutch Republic had far too much merchant ships to man with Dutch crews), so the Netherducht, the language of the Dutch Republic, became the only relevant Dutch to the English. Let's not forget this whole naming issue exists in English, and is the product of an English lens. .
So basically with the split in 1830, the former Spanish Netherlands (later Austrian Netherlands)in the South, inlcuding the Flemish speaking Flanders, took the latinized name for the Netherlands, Belgica and make it exclusively for the South. And the remaining part of the kingdom of the Netherlands took the Dutch name for what used to be a much bigger area and made exclusive for the North.
Your question about if you ask a Dutchman who is William of Orange? Than they would answer with the first one yes, so William the Silent. They would not ask "which one" indeed
'The Netherlands' was actual a republic , the first King which ruled over the Netherlands was King Napoleon (the brother of). He did a lot of good things for the Dutch people. There are many doubts if todays Monarchy roots back to the Prince of Orange. Infact todays Dutch royals are Germans. The father and the grand father of todays king were Germans and were Nazis. In the 1930's their royal ship even had the nazi flag with swastika The grandfather of todays king switched sides because his marriage with Juliana. Queen Juliana was doubly a child of the German Duke Henri , but from a gardner.
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In the past, "the Netherlands" (meaning "the low(er) lands") was just a term for what we would now call the Benelux region (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg). It was a geographical term. But over time, the protestant northern provinces stuck with this name and so the modern country of the Netherlands is just the North. Its inhabitants are called the "Dutch" in English. Modern Belgium is what was formerly the catholic southern provinces.
Flanders and Holland are/were just provinces in this region, like Yorkshire and Sussex in England.
23:35 it would be more like calling north- and south-Dakota, Dakota.
14:37 yes, Frederick the Great is the great great great grandson of William the Silent.
Also, William the Silent is grandfather (if i remember right) of another famous military leader french marshal Turenne.
Kings were the norm. When they were too young to rule, a regent would rule in their stead. Usually, a family member. But the Dutch, after trying in vain to entice some of Europe's royalty to be the monarch of the newly independent Zeven United Provinces, decided they didn't need royalty at all. Instead, the States General, an assembly of lower nobility (dukes, counts, etc, in charge of the Provinces), would appoint a Stadthouder to be the head of state. Effectively creating the Dutch Republic (no hereditary monarch).
@20:30: England's George IIi is the grandson of George II, not the son. George III's father, and George II's son, Frederick, never took the throne because he died before his father.
my last name could have been granted by napoleon or against it because its writen in france it means kings but its writen like kinckx idk but i always think its cool to have a royal last name =d
29:01 It will probably be Wiliam-Alexander, not Wiliam.
Who is 'William of Orange'. Most Dutchies will say the first one (The silent) in England they will say the third one, because that's the only William of Orange they had.
There is still many differences between north and south.
We allways go they above the rivers or they will go below the rivers is Germany and stuff.
Also there are some cultural differences.
Willem of Nassau aka Willem ( william) the sillent, father of our fatherland. without distictions he is meant with Willem of Nassau. Others are known by a distiction 2nd 3rd etcetc ... untill stadholders turned into kings at wich time the counter was reset to King Willem the 1st etc etc etc
Bro you need to learn about George III, you hate him for all the wrong reasons.
There are plenty of examples of people 'holding the throne' on behalf of e.g. child monarch (etc.). e.g. 'Regency' in the UK.1811 to 1820 when George, Prince of Wales, governed the country as 'Regent' during the madness of his father George III.
George the Third was not a son of George the 2nd , but rather his grandson by his son - Frederick , Prince of Wales who died before his own father George the 2nd.
5:00 Afaik, there were already several other anti-Catholic movements before the reformation, since the Catholic church had a few policies and practices that were a little bit controversial, even with the common man. Combine that with increasing nationalism, the printing press, and the attractive "Sola scriptura" theory of the protestants and you have a movement that took off very quickly. And interestingly, Martin Luther's wish had always been to reform the Catholic church, not to break away from it.
Recently the House of Windsor changed to "The House of Mountbatten-Windsor".
when did this happen? i knew her lesser descendants would be known as Mountbatten-Windsor but direct heirs would still have the name Windsor as well as her son's house
Calling the Netherlands Holland is more like calling the U.S.A. Dakota.
Concerning George III. If this is still a joke, it is silly as it's become repetitive. It is also an uneducated statement and very bias view. As said before, you should look at a NEUTRAL documentary on the Grandson of George II, that is George III.
In 1517 Protestantism started with Maarten Luther
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i know alot of jacobs actually
Frederic the great of prussia was related to the house of orange nassau , the sister for frederic ( cousin of frederik the great and king of prussia ) was maried to the prins of orange later along the line the russian prinses of the romanovs Anna palona maried with william of orange , making both kaiser Willem the II and tsar Nicolaas. a famous incedent ocured during a state meating between queen Wilhelmina amd Kaiser wilhelm II when the kaiser had boddy guards of 6 foot standing in a guard of honour making a joke my guards are 6 foot tall your barely reach to their shoulders. where Queen Wilhelmine replied if i open the dikes the water is 9 feet high .
Frederic the Great's paternal great grandfather was Frederic William of Hohenzollern, the Great Elector of Brandenburg. This Frederic William had one granddaughter of William of Orange (William the Silent) as his mother. She was the daughter of Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau oldest daughter of William of Orange from his third marriage to Charlotte of Bourbon-Montpensier. A second granddaughter of William of Orange became Frederic William the Great Elector's wife. That was Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau. The oldest daughter of Frederic Henry. Youngest son of William of Orange.
Through both Frederic Henry and his half sister Louise Juliana the lines of all hereditary reigning sovereigns of Europe go back to William the silent.
Afterwards several marriages were made between various descendants.
Frederic the Great's mother Sophie Dorothea of Hanover was the granddaughter of Sophia of the Palts. Her father Frederic V of the Palts was the son of Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau and Frederic IV of the Palts. Meaning that the house of Hanover also descended from William, just like the houses of Orange-Nassau and the Prussian Hohenzollerns.
Who gonna tell him how Johan de Witt died?
French protestors: * use guillotine to attack politicians *
Dutch protestors: * use knifes and forks instead*
Ze waren lekker bezig.