The Origins of Linux-Linus Torvalds
Вставка
- Опубліковано 27 кві 2008
- [Recorded Sept 19, 2001]
Linus Torvalds, the creator of the operating system phenomenon Linux, tells the story of how he went from writing code as a graduate student in Helsinki in the early 1990s to becoming an icon for open source software by the end of the decade. - Наука та технологія
ironic that a video about linux "may not be reproduced or distributed without the express permission" of the author?
Trash80 not sure if creative Commons existed in 2001 though...
that's why open source is not free software... GPL sucks.(an v3 even worst)
Emmanuel Istace ?,k
lmfao
@@NazmusLabs it did
Creator of UNIX, Ken Thompson at 36:10.
36:10
@jonny j tell me more about it?
@@epicujjwal hwkjjjj2²²q
I'm the 4th comment in 7 yrs. There's something sad about that!
Why is Linus's reply so unwitting and shitty
the part where he says the accident of deleting his minix partition is what actually made him start seriously using his own system is so gold.
Funnily enough, I deleted my Windows 2000 partition inadvertently - I had been using Linux and BSD for few years, I chose BSD over Linux, but hey ...
This humble and most modest, Finnish man, with his concern for the technical nitty-gritty of computers, started an evolution of possibilities in computer engineering, his Kernel along with GNU, FOSS, etc has advanced humankind. Knowledge is meant to be open and free, not closed and copyrighted, licensed and sold. Thank you Linus Torvalds for doing what you did, and continuing to do what you do. I appreciate it, in ways you couldn't imagine.
"I started the Linux Kernel project, because I knew I was the _best_ _programmer_ _in_ _the_ _world_ !" - Linus Torvalds, a Humble man...
Also, he didn't start jackshit in terms of _computer_ _engineering_ . He has a degree in computer science. which means he has a scientific competence to perform basic research into new software designs, programming languanges and systems design principles and his lifes work centers around designing and developing his own operating system kernel software and its implementation . He isn't a fucking engineer of any description, much less in computer hardware.
As he has also stated several times himself, if the already established open source UNIX at the time he started to make his own kernel for his University OS design course; BSD was available to him either in source code or there were a Intel 386 supporting port of it that was economically within his reach, he would never have started the whole thing. BSD wasn't available at the time, because it was the target of malicious litigation that attempted to force all BSD source code and software users to pay for a UNIX license, because the latest source code release 4.4BSD had bits of antiquaited AT&T UNIX code snippets in it, which didn't fall under the BSD license.
And also note, that UNIX in and of itself was distributed in source code form and not available as a finished product from AT&T, for most of its history.
What was going on in the computer engineering side of things; that is hardware development, had already been spurred along by UNIX OS and BSD in particular, long before Torvalds decided to start his kernel project.
Besides which, Linux is a rather poorly designed and very lackingly implemented in terms of how easy it is to port to a new computer architecture, ít doesn't even have hardware architecture independent system drivers, like NetBSD and OpenBSD have. Meaning you have to port or completely rewrite the driver for the same auxiliary hardware, a network card for example, between different CPU architectures.
In BSD they just work platform independently of this and one doesn't need to use system specific assembler code or architecture specific programming in general, to make a new CPU architecture boot a simple NetBSD system. Even the damn compiler environment is such that you can cross-compile from a different host system to any architecture at will.
But for some reason embbeded computer engineers insist on doing major leg work using Assembler for days or weeks with Linux instead of using NetBSD and its platform independent design to port and compile things for completely new architectures in minutes. Dunno why.
If there was no Linux, they'd be using BSD.
36:05 Ken FUCKING Thompson sitting with the crowd?!! He should be on stage anytime operating systems are being discussed.
4:20 to skip intro
UNIX is basically a simple operating system, but you have to be a genius to understand the simplicity - Dennis Ritchie
What was the course literature?
1. C - Ken R ??
2. Operating systems- Andrew Tanenbaum
3. The Design of the Unix Operating System- Maurice Bach
Editor - MicroEMACS ? 55:05
@blenson Paul: "K&R": Kernighan and Richie: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_C_Programming_Language
I studied Andrew Tanenbaum's book in college in 2001 at DePaul. Of all the computer books, that one was one of the most influential to me. Cheers!
This is a gem, I love to listen to him. His ideas are well thought out, constructed and explained. I love that I hear his finish education and political thought process, while also being super man in the technical world. I can hear his father saying Linus is an anarchist :)
Moral of the story - have a critical opinion on whatever you use. Invent something to make it better.
This program may not be reproduced or distributed without express written permission of the Computer History Museum.... Being where watching a video about Linux and Linus Torvalds am i the only one who finds it funny this disclaimer is at the start of the video ?
it is funny. I don't quite understand how you can take an innovative concept like a UNIX based system, and mimic the structure with different programming. I like Linux but having found out it was cloned to imitate UNIX I wonder how that doesn't violate any patent laws. concept wise I'm saying.
+TMundohere idea can't be copyrighted and linus exploited it, it's simple
+Mygaffer good point. I suppose I should dig deeper then.
+Loki Kye yeah like john q tit turd is going to pay to watch this free video on youtube. i suppose one could rip it and pop it together with a bunch of tech stuff and torrent it . but there is no teen porn or crappy music in it so it would probably not do well on one anyway .
+Jose Francisco Medeiros He said if it was not for the fact the 386BSD was under a legal cloud when he started Linux there would of been no Linux. Linux has always borrowed quiet freely (and sometimes without creditting the source) from FreeBSD. For example net/2 and net/3 where both direct ports of the 386BSD/FreeBSD protocol stack.
Look at Ken Thompson, how humble and down to earth :) amazing man.
@BOOZE & METAL I didn't wrote nor implied it was
@@saultube44 Which world are you in?
@@arpanmukherjee4625 Explain yourself or shut up
@@saultube44 now its pretty clear who's arrogant. Problem is in how you view the world, not Linus. Secondly, its surprising how ignorant are you about things yet come to comment about such topics. Linux is a complete different Operating System and never a "fork" of Unix. It takes the good ideas from Unix and internally implemented them very differently. And btw the term "fork" you used (in the sense you used) has come after git has come. Any idea who wrote Git and why?
Next time before commenting on social media know what you are speaking.
@@saultube44 Your perception is very wrong. The comment says how humble Thompson is and that's 10000 times true. Try to learn from that instead of criticizing Linus. Nobody was interested about Linus is arrogant or not while the comment was made. How silly it is for you who has probably (rather certainly) has no achievement in life compared to Linus's critisises Linus Torvald.
Hearing this speech brings me so much joy. Linux brings me a lot of joy. I guess what I really mean by that is that I'm thankful that Linux is everywhere or can be installed/obtained pretty much everywhere and that it gives me a Unix-like shell that I can be creative with. So thanks Dennis, Ken and all the other people that made Unix and then Linux happen 🙂♥️
Linux is garbage. It's just adequately UNIX-like garbage. Any BSD distribution is superior in its implementation and design as an OS compared to GNU/Linux. Mostly because, Linux is a kernel and GNU is a userland and toolchain thing. And a bunch gluesniffing imbeciles think that bolting them together with the software engineering equivalent of a boiled horse which is supplied with out documentation or even commented source code, makes an operating system... It doesn't.
I listen about this and struggle to understand how linux let you be more creative then let say window after all isn't it changing directories on cmd line. I know something there but it don't click to me.
@@ahmed17167 I assume, you mean "windows" not "window".
Well, Linux and all other Fully Open Source Systems come with the source code and are well documented, they come with a damn "man" commad (for manual). And in case of UNIX-like systems adhere to common standards, which are well documented. While Windows is full of cryptic bullshit that, until very lately, wasn't well documented in a public repository, you needed to buy a library of bible thick books from Microsoft to even understand what the fuck the system is doing, and often the system uses MS-specific meanings to words, which are intentionally inverted from common UNIX-like systems meanings or completely indecipherable with out the fucking library of bibles. Meanwhile, until very recently, MS had no remote command line option in its Operating SYstems, and had two very rigid and difficult to learn command line interfaces, CMD.EXE which is a remnant of DOS era and PowerShell, both having no open documentation available anywhere. And PowerShell is now becoming usable, only because it's adopting more and more and more commands from UNIX-like CLIs, in particular, BASH. And of course there's now an entire Windows NT Kernel API to translate Linux kernel calls to windows ones, so you can use Linux distros inside windows...
Guess, why? See comment above.
As I am watching this on a laptop running Ubuntu/GNU and Linux 5.15 in 2022, I can't help think how timeless this talk is.
Best stuff coming from Finland; Linux, IRC, openSSH, Kalevala and Sibelius.
***** Actually Ubuntu comes from South Africa.
Leonardo Rothe Tagliafico Lol.. Ubuntu is Linux
Don't forget the Nokia 3310 and Nokia 6310i
finland sux
"Kalevala and Sibelius." Hellz yeah! And Linux.
Very insightful innovator. I really appreciated the ways he redirected people's comments as it made me pause and think on many occasions. Excellent upload!
Hearing only 3 minutes and this is already golden. Great talk. Recommended to anybody who works on platforms and distributed systems.
The only advice one can give to platformers and distributed system developers is to get out and run for their lives. Of course, if you paid just 20% attention in a computer science class in 1980, then you already knew that.
Ken Thompson is so humble. Respect for him
Seriously for anyone diving into operating systems it's quite the adventure. There's loads of resources nowadays to get going. but still the required knowledge to do even what someone might think is basic stuff really isn't that basic and easy.
Neat, a co-worker of mine wrote part of the smp programming for the kernel.
Awesome great to hear these history things and perspective at the time!
Nice insights into Linux communal development around 36:00.
0:04:10 Linus
0:25:16 How did you support yourself through the early years?
0:26:58 How do you feel about Microkernels today?
0:30:09 What do you think about the current VAX port of linux?
0:34:26 Have you alienated any of your friends of family for defending the x86 architecture?
0:36:03 Ken Thompson - Can I get you talk about communal computing?
0:44:23 Have you found fame to be a burden?
0:45:14 What have you learned working at Transmeta?
0:49:28 Linux Version 1.0
0:51:37 The GUI
0:53:12 Peer to Peer Computer, Extreme Programming, IBM Adoption of Linux
0:55:00 What editor and mail reader do you use?
0:55:39 When do you intend to come out with a development kernel? 2.4 ?
0:57:12 How did it come about to have multiple distributions on a single kernel?
1:02:57 LSB - Linux Standard Base?
1:05:01 On descision making?
1:05:19 Where does the software ... headed next?
1:12:04 Do you use debuggers?
1:12:04 Does linux still attend to take over the world?
1:18:52 Do you have any other causes?
1:20:30 Do you have any role models?
1:21:25 Are you against software design?
1:24:23 End of Talk
Thanks for the video !!!
I converted from win7, since I was tired of defragging every week, programs crashing 1/10 times, constant restarts, and slow boots.
I love the linux community btw! Never experienced anything like it with ms..
Tried all the major distros. Loved Fedora and Mint, but I stuck with Ubuntu.
Haven't restarted my computer in 4 days(running faster than win7 still). Probably shut it off soon to conserve power. lol.
I love you Linux! :D
convert. now.
Awesome vid. Really enjoyed it !!
Excellent person he seems to be as smart and funny as well that the hour and 20 minutes were so fast and full of knowledge
And what I meant about standardization is the fact that both the kernel ABI and the API changes from minor to minor version, almost forcing the distribution of the source of such "modules". Such thing doesn't happen with FreeBSD which maintains at least major version ABI/API consistence.
But BSD is not perfect as well, since it is also a huge block of code into memory (monolithic kernel), also lacking the across drivers memory protection.
I'm an Arch user myself and I agreed with your point of view.. ;)
Linux may not be many people's OS, but it's just so deebly embedded today, that we are all using it without even realizing it. It's on mobile phones, routers, atm's, dvr's, camers etc. Those all are something to thank Linus for!
KLD (kernel library loader) does not imply safety or standardization.
As what actually happen in such situation is that parts that are not in use (device drivers that exist for devices you don't have) are allow to not be placed on the kernel image all the time as they if they were loaded in the boot procedure, but instead they are allowed to be loaded into the kernel image as needed, but once they are in, they have full power (ring 0), unrestricted access to the machine as a part of the kernel.
The 386 really was quite an interesting development in the PC world. You didn't need a 68030 (don't think it existed when the 386 was introduced) to do paged memory management in the Motorola world at that time as Linus recalls. Systems based on the 68020 + 68551 MMU, such as the Macintosh II, were capable of paged memory management and had operating systems to exploit them (A/UX or Apple UNIX). But, such systems, priced at ~$5500 USD, were prohibitively costly for the home user. I remember being a little awestruck when a mechanical engineering professor (who was interested in dark matter) actually had one on his desk. The 80386 was introduced 2 years prior to the 68030 in 1985 and by 1987 real-world systems, such as IBM's PS/2, line of machines running OS/2 were available in the marketplace. All of the complex call gate / protection ring task switching mechanisms of the 386 may be gone in the CPU line's modern incarnations. But, for the kid who grew up with the limited 6502 8-bit architecture of the early 80s, in 1985-87 the Intel 386 was this wonderful, kludgy mess of a microprocessor that contained "powerful" features used by what we thought must be much larger mainframe computer systems.
27:04 Oddly, the protected mode "hardware" task switching features of the 386 (assuming Linus is talking about the call gate mechanisms supported through h/w on the 386) that he so admired are a feature that could be exploited to facilitate a microkernel architecture. But as Linus mentions, time has tested this architectural idea and rendered a verdict.
ok that's what i thought and thank you for taking the time and replying to my comment
watched the whole thing on a day i really didn't have that much free time, i watched it in like 10-20 minute sessions over 4 hours, this was probably the most fascinating speech i've ever heard. So much did i learn.
Linux is so much more than an operating system.
I'm relatively new to linux but i find its community and history pretty damn interesting. i don't know about now, but in 2001 at least linus was a much more decent guy than i would have expected him to be. fit to be a role model.
Wonderful introduction by John Toole! Seems like a great guy
Thanks for the advice :)
I'll try it out now!
That's the nice thing about Linux.
Create a /home partition.
And you can install new distros whenever you like. lol
I think Linus is just a lucky guy, apeared in a righ time with a right project. He talks like an artist, caring only for his craft.
I wish understood hardware like these guys.
@Tyler11440
Things to try - burn live cd at lowest possible speed, reset bios to defaults, and reselect in bios to boot from cd drive and try to reinstall. It could also be faulty cd drive causing the problem, in which case try putting mint on a bootable usb stick and booting from that. Good luck !
That's Ken Thompson, the creater of Unix, asking a question at 36:06.
@rhl6856 You have a point; GNU software can be replaced. And then there's also the fact that each distro has its own slight variation of linux. I would have to know more about software to even name it correctly. We can't really call them correctly anything other than Ubuntu, Gnewsense, Fedora, Red Hat, etc. without being slightly wrong, at least assuming you're right.
So old and why I have seen this video in this year, it was 13 years old
yes vic 20 was my first computer.
all though pet 2001 at school was my favorite stil, is to this day.
"This video may not be distributed"
oh man
Is that Guido Van Rossum in 6:24 on the left?
yes it is nice eye dude
:=
mrrotweiler2,
To whom were you referring?
Also, negative recursive acronyms are cool.
C in Unix was the first programming class I ever took... the best one too.
So true, open-source, propriety, GPL, MIT, Apple license, etc. It's all about: does it save time and get the work done properly and, efficiently?
happy bd linus@
The man has a vision. Empower the people to influence the future of computing.
Yeah. Worked out well
I think one of the main differences between Windows and Linux is. Often Linux expects the user to know exactly what their doing and doesn't get in the way, Windows does not really expect too much knowledge of it's users.
For example deleting a file. Linux will just delete that file as the user commanded it to. Windows will ask the user if they really want to the delete the file 'YES or NO", after the command to delete was given.
The creator of Linux gives details on how he named an Operating System after himself!
The Kernel is itself an OS by definition. You add APPLICATIONS to it to support typical user functions, but don't confuse what you do in Windows or modern all-in-one linux distros as an OS by state. They're very well encompassed.
Good english bro.
Wait... The early Mac OSs were command line? Can you explain what you mean by that?
The Linux kernel 0.91 had same bugs as Unix v6 code in "Lions' Commentary on Unix".
It's incredible, that he was messing around on computers, and ended up producing the Linux system that I am watching this video with, and also writing this comment with !
Thanks Linus, for helping me escape the grip of Micro$oft
Don't know if you will ever read this but 10 years after you wrote this comment, Micro$oft was actually handing out desk penguins with "Microsoft ❤️ Linux" on them. :)
So cool. There was an internet already in 1991 for Linus to email the Mimix group? Or was that BBS?
Minix isn't a group or BBS it's an operating system developed in the 80's based on unix I believe. Its open source now but it was proprietary until the 2000's I think. Not sure I was a child then.
email has been around pre internet in another form. I don't recall the name... Fidonet maybe or something else.
@ReaktorLeakAhh gotcha. Yea I don't think it was A BBS. Not sure how different the systems from a BBS were. From what I've. Heard from the original Unix guys there were fundamental differences. Never looked into it.
@alind26 It is not the longest I've seen, but it is the longest I've seen for more than once and still I find it strangely sort!
@FireCrystalPhoenix
Tell that to the two Lexmark and Canon printers I have in my office.
Drivers really are an issue, though compatable hardware is easy to find if you search for it. But taking somebody else's less OSS friendly stuff and trying to get it to work is a pain.
Love Slackware though, as well as Ubuntu Karmic. Got them each installed on two machines, and loving experimenting on UML. If only they'd port Linux to more printers...
If someone knows that would be awesome. How many Kernel features has Linus rejected Vs the ones he approved? I've never seen a product Tzar like Linus
I'm sure he might have been talking about version 0.0.1...sure, it's a kernel, but he had to use it on his computer, thus transformed it into his own distro.
Here's a bit of history that people don't seem to grasp:
In a manner, I can take a filing cabinet full of critical information, and attach a sign that says, "Keep Out", and put it on the public sidewalk out front of my home. The public sidewalk should then become my property according to the same logic. It's mine now since I moved critical information into that area, and even posted a sign. Now, I have claimed public property as my own. Don't walk down that sidewalk anymore, even though it appears, and is connected to the other public sidewalks next to it, it's no longer public because I placed a filing cabinet there. This is the argument they use to say hackers are to blame for stupid companies attaching critical information to the internet. They actually think they have a "right" to privacy while at the same time, placing the information on a public thru-way. They are ignorant, and have been from the beginning of this thing, and they still think, after numerous hackings, that they should be safe placing this information on the internet, which is a public area??? They are struggling with their own insanity, and the laws reflect this insanity...
History will look back and laugh at us for the avenues we've taken to cover our own stupidity....
You got that definition from one place, and took it as an absolute true. Discussing the actual meaning of OS is totally reasonable.
Imagine a world where computers don't exist, and someone came to you and ask: "What is an operating system? It doesn't matter if you're wrong, just guess it!". Probably you would say: "It's a system which somebody has control of, right?"
AFAIK, it's *impossible* to control a computer just by having a kernel, unless it has a built-in shell and system applications.
@Zero86Sk He also talked about NUMA which current desktops are not (9 years later).
how or what program should i use i always upload .mpg4 on all my other chanels
The bit where Linus mentioned "the invisible guiding hand" behind the design of Linux reminded me of this quote:
"History is not like some individual person, which uses men to achieve its ends. History is nothing but the actions of men in pursuit of their ends." - Karl Marx
In other words, everyone pulls in the direction in which they want to go. Some pull harder than others, and some pull in a different direction to the majority. But the sum of all those little force-vectors IS history.
In every talk:
Uncle Bob: Science
Linus: "I don't like talking, do you have questions?"
Thank u Linus for giving wonderful OS for the people around the world. Windows still sucks like get affected virus, poor performance, crash etc.
Linux includes all drivers what just are compatible with GPLv2 what the Linux is licensed. Most code of Linux is drivers, over 70%. It does not include closed source drivers like what Nvidia and AMD card owners needs. Or closed source firmwares for devices (DVB-C/T/S etc).
It is just difficult to explain when the kernel has all the OS features. Talking about Linux, you talk about kernel API's for drivers and OS API's for the system. Like how driver inside Linux connects to kernel functions.
@Bealhorm No worries, just thought I would point it out!
Whats the name of the C book he talked about? I couldn't understand the name... :(
Linus is above all entrepreneurs …he is just full of contributions to world.
@Darthvies if you referring to technical skills, then there's no doubt. But we can't forget Gates' Foundation
Ubuntu 12.04 here too, moved from win7 a week ago! ;)
This Guy is Awesome. Nuff Said.
anyone know what books he is talking about? wouldnt mind to buy the one on C.
can someone write what he said from 23:45 to 24? I didn't understand. :(
anyone know what book he is referring to on c at 13:46 ?
K&R - The C Programming Language, by Kernighan and Ritchie
As an expert windows user, using ubuntu wasn't exactly enough for me in linux. and not fun either i preferred windows in every way. So i decided to really learn linux and jumped to gentoo, then later on decided Arch is much more the thing to use at a learning level. (mostly because of compile times)
And i so harshly agree on this still as a "linux noob" and more of a windows expert than linux one, Linux is the operating system, the distribution is just certain applications on top of Linux.
Karmic has the new kernel which will make every wireless connection work better
"Linux is a operating system kernel and not the thing which provides the drivers. "
Actually Linux is the complete operating system what provides drivers as well. Linux is monolithic kernel. Not a microkernel what moves drivers and other OS parts away from kernel and protects them.
[03/04, 5:01 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: All videos की लिस्ट
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3EhcuUxYpQpyw2-Obj0B5yV.html
[03/04, 5:02 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: English classes
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3HC_koqrZ9votrH2MxK78Y7.html
[03/04, 5:03 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: Geography classes
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3HSKd9HnAzwTCPrM9-vncqP.html
[03/04, 5:04 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: हिंदी कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3E1CUbDiPOT1uF665zXwxKJ.html
[03/04, 5:04 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: इतिहास कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3HEXqkFhDIEaaLGzqOcTcqy.html
[03/04, 5:05 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: गणित की कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3FvjGBP0n3gtMgXH425xIeH.html
[03/04, 5:05 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: राजनीति की कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3G_K9bO_CA2bkHn6vXITA_j.html
[03/04, 5:06 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: संस्कृत की कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3ExtrIaxkRTexMbOUIMvKaj.html
[03/04, 5:06 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: मनोविज्ञान की कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3EcFVo4KFc-r4BUw10rI7Yg.html
[03/04, 5:07 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: संगीत की कक्षाएं
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3HeCA5R3LfvyaNYl6ZdVtHQ.html
[03/04, 5:08 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: कक्षा 1व 2 की लिस्ट
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3Eg55FNT3ybIJ__41IVrVke.html
[03/04, 5:09 pm] rgk4 UA-cam channel: Short videos and jokes
ua-cam.com/play/PL0k-hMaCYp3ENtR2nX222RZ2zvqz0Yt0e.html👍🙏
Using NT exclusively for 7+ years, educated user. No regrets, no viruses (or scanning software), no spyware, no problems other than a failed hard drive. I use open source, freeware and commercial software of all varieties.
Well you do have to restart nearly every time you update or install new software. And I was talking mainly about Vista Ultimate (constant slows and sometimes crashes). But it did it every once in a while with 7 as well. I do agree though that the REALLY good editing software remains with windows.
I installed the Koala beta two days ago though, and I have to say that I am very excited for the final product. It will be amazing.
Where can we buy that shirt with a Tux?
what if using a debugger helps you better understand the problem at a source level?
Sounds like Linus hasn't heard of HURD.
0:04:25 - 0:04:27
is were Linus pronounces the noun Linux correctly
@kamari11694 Linux rocks! Thank you Linux Torvalds
@xj2yzz Glad you found something you can use.
What you're saying is akin to claiming that a fission reactor IS a nuclear power plant, ignoring the integral functions of everything else part of the system that allow said reactor to be of some use.
MrTabby5000: Just because it doesn't work on your computer doesn't mean its crap. I've been using it for over 2 years now without any issues.
@Xaahu I sure am.
Funny thing about this is, it was well before the moment when Android (== Linux) was released. Linux is now actually the most used OS in the world, measured by devices installed.
okei, so what is best unix variant ?
I had no idea about PNG meaning PNG is Not GIF, but I knew about GNU is Not Unix.
Are there any more like those, such as WINE Is Not an Emulator?
I Love how youtube translate linux with lennox :D
Google it, both the original Apple which were largely bought back from the original purchaser and the II series which ran DOS (Not MSDOS)