The Big Automotive Semiconductor Problem
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- Опубліковано 13 чер 2024
- Let me ask you something. You probably have heard all the news about this or that car factory shutting down because of the global chip shortage. That nobody can get the car they want because of a tiny little chip.
And you might be wondering. When did semiconductors matter so much to today's vehicles?
Why do we need to turn our cars into computers? Why can't things just be simple? What are all these electronics actually doing for our cars?
In this video we are going to go into the automotive supply chain and their semiconductors. The specific focus will be on conventional cars. But if this video does well enough, perhaps we can do a version for electric and autonomous vehicles.
Links:
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I hope you enjoyed the video. Also checkout the Global Semiconductors Playlist: ua-cam.com/play/PLKtxx9TnH76QEYXdJx6KyycNGHePJQwWW.html
Hey man, nice vid. Could you do one on Chimei group? I am curious about how they became so known in the world of plastics. Somehow, it feels that if you combine Chimei and TSMC you get Samsung.
Also they are from Tainan and are very involved in the city development; their museum is amazing.
Regards from Taoyuan!
Your follow up video on autonomous vehicles is something for science fiction, with emphasis on fiction. I’m convinced of two things. Number one: driving on arbitrary roads is a task so complex that it requires actual intelligence, which I define as awareness of oneself and the world around you. Number two: should artificial intelligence (AI) ever be more than a buzzword, it will be a Skynet/Matrix moment for mankind. There’s no reason for an intelligent self-aware machine to work as a chauffeur or barista. Luckily no software has ever shown any sign of actual intelligence. But as a consequence we will never be able to program an AutoPilot and hand him the responsibility for flight safety.
I have worked 25 years for one of the top automotive semiconductor companies. You have done a great job in explaining what the role of semiconductors is in cars, and how the car manufacturers all depend on only a few semiconductor suppliers (without giving it much thought).
@@windmill1965
thanks for your comment.
I can not believe that there are only 11 likes
As a long time auto industry insider, I can say you have handled the discussion far better than most channels.
"Measuring software by lines of code is like measuring planes by weight." More isn't necessarily better or more impressive.
It does give the layman something too visualize when compared to other programs.
The only point that is too be taken away is, "shits complicated"
Yup
Earlier that was how Indian IT companies charged western outsourcing companies. Some earned quite a bit :)
@@prashanthb6521 I can only imagine how many duplicate methods were generated rather than properly re-using or extending them...
The 'lines of code' metric is blurred by the use of ASICS and FPGAs in that this is coding at the hardware level. Say you had 4 lines of code..(Fetch register 'A', Fetch register 'B', Multiply the two, Add to register 'C' (maybe 100+clock cycles). Then, you add an FPGA to the board. The code might then change to just toggling a pin and in hardware, the FPGA does all the rest in hardware, with no retrieval and processing of 'code', and in perhaps just 1 or 2 clock cycles.
When Renesas factory shut down due to huge extensive earthquake damage, it felt totally irreparable and hopeless for Renesas themselves, Japanese automobile and parts manufacturers sent there own 1000s of there own engineers to Renesas factories working 24/7 to help them repair and restart the plant. Total of 10,000 engineers outside Renesas from automobile manufacturers gathered from all across Japan helped to restart the plant in 3 months otherwise it would have taken 8-9 months. But full capacity reached on September 6 months after earthquake. It can be said to be a national effort project of highest level like war time.
Same Renesas factory suffered fire in March 2021 this year and again Japanese automakers sent 1000+ of there own engineers working 24/7 to restart plant in 1 month otherwise it would have taken 3+ months with Renesas themselves.
There is a Japanese documentary about Renesas restoration made after 2011 earthquake.
Cool story, thanks! I'll have a look at the documentary.
yes, some of my ex colleagues went to Naka for the effort
BRAINCHIP first commercial available AI chip will be in Renesas products soon. 2022 the AI Revolution starts
Kind of reminds me of the way ants will rebuild an anthill after it gets knocked down.
As a programmer, I wouldn't read too much into those lines-of-code estimates. Company PR people love to pull those numbers out of their corporate butts.
Also more code is often not better
Also white space and readable formatting can bloat line number easily. Also commenting
As someone who worked in automotive programming ECUs I agree with Rich.
As a fellow programmer, I wouldn’t read too much into dismissive comment lines under UA-cam videos. 😁
It's to give people a visualization and the only point to be proven is "shit is complicated"
You are spot on, companies are willing to forgo short term blips in supply because the managers are all transient so willing to take the risk their bonus will be based on the positive cycle. If you are a manger caught in the negative blip you can always blame the previous management. End result is exactly what we have today
As an embedded systems engineer working with a major truck manufacturer this chip shortage prevented me from deploying some major projects last year. Even a simple 32 microcontroller is hard to come by
Fantastic videos. I was initially so puzzled at this semiconductor shortage issue for cars because I assumed that that a single low power processor would be sufficient for a full car. It just shows how wrong my assumptions were!
@@armamentarmedarm1699 A single processor would be a single point of failure running many things at once many lines of code = more bugs that might affect the whole car system. For redundancy and reliability it's much better to use a message bus system (CAN or something similar) and just make every component able to do it's work without being directly coupled to other components. Another positive thing with individual components is that it is easier to fully test the individual components in isolation.
@@PushyPawn it's informative though, which I guess is the main reason why people watch them
Yep. Number I heard was the average car has between 50-100 ECUs and high-end vehicles can have as many as 150.
@@aoitamashii average cars have 1 ECU. Some supercars have two.
First off, thank you for your hard work and cogent perspectives from your part of the world.
I feel like this is missing a second half, since when covid hit, auto companies began slowing or canceling orders. This led the chip manufacturers to close their least profitable and older chip production lines, and ramp up their more profitable lines to supply companies who did not cancel orders, like Tesla, BYD, and other Chinese EV manufacturers. This is also happening when there is a major shift in automotive computer architecture, as separate control units supplied by parts manufacturers with their component systems are being brought in house, and are using fewer more centralized controllers to connect to many different systems. Since the chip manufacturers need at least a decade of sales to pay for chip design and production development, they are reluctant to risk making new lines for legacy systems that they do not see a future for. Many of the old lines that were closed had parts cannibalized to increase production for consumer electronics sold during lock-down, and these production lines are unlikely to be restarted.
P.S. I believe that you were slightly off with the first electronics in cars, as the magneto and spark systems were the first, like pull start lawn mowers.
Great comment!
@@vbrotherita
Thanks! But like most of my information and ideas, they come from other people through me. I am always surprised by how little we individuals provide original information, and instead rely on the work of others. Lots of fascinating things to explore though. Hopefully we can all be open to the ideas of others even when we make decisions about our positions. All my best to you.
Seems logical!
Exactly, and note that a lot of the semiconductors used for automotive applications are linear and power devices which are low margin items, many of which have little market outside the automotive industry.
I believe Tesla makes all there own now. They might be selling chips as well.
As a software engineer I find this very interesting - all the electronication and softwarization of control of this electro-mechanical hardware, and I never even knew that chips control so much in cars!
Thanks for the informative video.
I'd love to see one on electric vehicles as well, especially since they're more sensor-dependent and have more electronics overall.
Great job and well rounded review of supply chain issues. Ironically, American invention with containerized shipping related to Vietnam War and then the idea of extending opportunity to other areas globally, not centralized in certain areas, has resulted in concentration. The intended result of distributed systems ended up in concentration. The same has been true of the Internet.
Probably because just like he said to get the lowest cost it is centralized to where it can give the company the best value.
@@johnl.7754 That has been the model, but in the end the risks and lack of diversity of options actually limited innovation of the end producer. Competition is the mother of invention.
Investment in automation will be a key solution
Actually, Malcom McClean's first container ship left port in 1956, long before U.S. involvement in Vietnam. But the U.S. military entry into Vietnam greatly accelerated its use.
@@PlanetFrosty your wrong again, " nessesity is the mother of invention "
As a Denso employee i am definitely feeling this issue every day
tell us about your harddrive platters!
After 27 years the Denso ECU in my Toyota had to be repaired with new capacitors. Well that's not too shabby.
I used to work worked in Tetra comms field. For their first generation radio equipment, they were using Motorola 68000 with their CPU and of course every generation of radios, the CPU moved upwards for the better. But the last 20 years the speed of these microprocessors have gone exponential. The problem becomes that at the time you spec the radio with a specific microprocessor and by the time the radio HW and SW comes through, these microprocessors have moved on. If you only sell these radios by the thousands and not by millions then the microprocessors you have ordered will become obsolete after a few years as they are not made any more. You are then on another cycle to introduce another microprocessor. It's trying to cycle through the generations like a mobile phone but it's hard.
Great video as usual asianometry! I work as an embedded software engineer, and the last 3 year I have been working in some of the Continental's DCU modules. I felt very excited that casually you mention that particular ECU in your video ;). Happy holidays for you and all the channel followers! Thanks for your work and your excellent videos!
I work as a reverse engineer, specifically for VW/Audi & BMW platforms. I’ve spent the past year reverse engineering the latest Continental SIMOS ECU (SIMOS19). My colleague is the one that found the exploit that allows it to be flashed via OBD.
The latest Continental ECUs and their re-imagined boot process and bootloader(s) is quite impressive.
Today I felt proud for being engineer in Bosch working for exhaust system!
There seems to be a recklessness where increased complexity and capability is pursued without regard to possible failure of the manufacturing, supply, and maintenance systems that surround cars. Because every single model year car must have something improved over the last, new capability is continuously added, whether desired or not, as a selling point. This will continue until cars become either unavailable, unreliable, unaffordable, or unmaintainable. This is just another instance of the increasing fragility of the systems on which modern civilization depends.
I once had the same perception. For example, I thought a hand crank window was preferable to adding an electric motor - less expensive and more reliable. But over time, consumers wanted the motor and were willing to pay extra for it. Eventually, high order volumes drove the motor's cost down, while low volumes raised the hand crank's cost. Additionally, inventory for both, along with this being a configuration requirement for every vehicle became a cost burden of its own. Consequently, the hand crank is no longer even available on most vehicles.
Yeah seems like everything just gets added on top instead of rethinking the whole system from ground up.
So much info in this video. I had to watch several times to understand
People who bemoan the presence of electronics in cars, and want something simple, are probably not old enough to have ever experienced cars like that. They were awful.
No idea but I’d take your word for it. Thanks gramps
Depends. For example, a 90's Sentra or even an early 2000's Civic would be extremely reliable and easy to fix.
Yes, modern cars are more comfortable, safe and fancy; but fixing the stuff is a nightmare and selling them for a good price after 5~10 years is a challenge.
Overall, I would say the greatest improvements have been transmission (manual to auto), suspension, ABS brakes and power steering.
@@caonabocruzG lots of electronics in those cars as well. Obviously not quite as much as today
@@caonabocruzG How easy it is to fix a car or electronic device comes down to the design the manufacture went with. You can't blame that on technology. Some manufactures don't care about how repairable their cars are (like BMW) and so the cost to fix them is ridiculous.
@@addanametocontinue Agree, is definitely an issue with the cars manufacturer.
Don't get me wrong, I have nothing against electronics. I just wanted to highlight that there are pros and cons to both old and new cars.
Next time when you're talking about speeds and temperatures and other things that get measured, can you give the measurements in Metric, not just freedom units?
Conversion tables. Not that hard.
You can freaking google the conversions, whiner.
I work in the car industry. The information relayed here is accurate.
ADDENDUM: The volume of wiring and communications between computers and sensors led Bosch to create an industry standard bus, the Control Area Network (CAN) bus in 1986. It resembles Ethernet but has at least 3 major advantages 1) Electrically more robust, 2) A protocol better able to spot and correct errors 3) A more deterministic response/latency. It has evolved over the decades.
The CAN bus also reduces the amount of wires used in a car when you have Electronic Fuel Injection, ABS. SRS, Stability Control, Climate Control, Boost Control, Launch Control, etc. BMW is one of the first manufacturers who made cars with all these. I remember the early 80's when the first chip shortage happened for the first time when BMW had to shutdown the plant about one month.
@@SwingEzzZZ Wire reduction - absolutely!
That's an intrinsic advantage of a serial bus protocol over the alternative of discrete lines (wires) to each device (ECU, sensor, actuator, etc.)
12:25 I can confirm that. About two years ago the Denso engine ECU in my 1994 Toyota Celica expired due to dried up capacitors. In the event, it wasn't a hugely expensive repair but it reminded me that automotive computers have been very much a thing for a long time now. About 10 years ago the ECU responsible for the immobiliser and door locks had to be replaced. Add in one mechanical issue in 2004 and that's three breakdowns in only 30 years.
All semiconductor companies have business plans that include major disruptions, including building factories on different geographic plates to mitigate business interruption from earthquakes as well as political instability.
Great video. I have just finished working on an embedded system for a robot company. My experience around cars is limited, but more and more people get rid of their cars because of electronic issues, which can be really hard to fix.
Another fantastic piece of research. Thank you so much.
Thanks, great job. We appreciate your work.
excellent show as always! thx Asianometry
FANTASTIC video. I especially liked the quantitative data (the specific numbers). Fascinated by the "lines of code" numbers. As a Macintosh Systems Administrator, I really liked all the quoted numbers. Also really liked the various date facts. Good graphics, too. Thank You.
Great video! Some clips are very familiar to me as a viewer in Taiwan, keep up the good work!
Well done!
It might be added, for those who might wonder how a company like Tesla manages to manage the problem of chip shortages so much better than many of the legacy autos: It is NOT that legacy autos are "using the chip shortage as an excuse"; it is a matter of vertical integration. Tesla design their own electronics in-house, and then design the firmware that runs on the electronics also in-house. When the chip shortage came about they simply scrambled to design versions of their ECU's using different brands and models of processors, and rewrote the code to run on those processors, using a lot of coffee and pizza as fuel, I imagine.
Meanwhile, the legacy autos wouldn't know a transistor from a hole in the ground, and don't even know what a line of code looks like. They simply outsourced the design, coding and production of those ECU's, and the only way they can redesign them is by asking their contractors to redesign them, but their contractors tell them it will be two million dollars and take five months; and there's nothing the legacy autos can do about it.
There's also the problem legacy autos created for themselves when they cut their orders of electronics at the start of the pandemic. If they had known anything about the chip industry they would not have done that. What chip manufacturers did was to retool their fab lines to make chips for home electronics, instead. When the autos tried to order the old chips again, many were discontinued.
We'll see if that is for better or worse. Generally speaking the larger the fab process the more resilient they are. If they're forced to redesign to smaller processes, I wonder if the durability will be worse.
@@aoitamashii I'm not sure I understand; but typically, with semiconductors, how long any particular part will remain in production is not so much dependent on the part itself, but rather on what other parts may compete to replace it in the future. But sometimes a part becomes very durable just by having an appealing interface. For example, there are hundreds of analogue comparators better than the LM311 in many respects; but the LM311 has unique features that make it serve in pretty crazy designs, such as having what amounts to almost a floating switch as the output, that can be used as source or as drain or as a floating switch. It also has a pin that if you pull a small current from it, the output becomes disabled. It is crazy; almost random, nonsensical; but it can save many parts in some rare design situations, if used cleverly. And so many circuits have been designed for it, and they will continue to require an LM311 long into the future.
As far as geometries shrinking, usually that results in the same processor being issued, except for it having more memory, for example; but remaining backwards compatible. However, here comes a gottcha: Even in the case of a part becoming obsolete, but there being a new part that is compatible with the old, it does not necessarily mean that you can forget the old part and just solder in the new one. That may work, but the problem is that you have to make 100% sure it does; which implies going through all the factory acceptance tests. But when a product was designed many years earlier, often the engineer who designed has moved on to another company; the person that wrote the firmware has joined a temple in Himalayas, and nobody can figure out how the design works anymore. That's why I always advocate that electronics companies should review and update designs yearly, rather than wait until some part becomes unobtainable.
This is what Tesla do, implicitly, since they are always trying to improve every detail of every design as fast as possible ... No design is ever old, with them. Heck, what they did is they built a "factory mode" into the cars whereby everything is auto-tested; and so you can make a change in the design and have it validated in like 5 minutes.
I was expecting you to actually say WHAT is short in the market aside from micro controllers as it's the actual point of the problem. For example, solid state capacitors are really hard to get right now, which is one of the key components. Other is FRB/circuit board substrates and microcontrollers as you mentioned etc.
You did pretty well for a non-car person though.
P.s. I have bosch mechanical diesel injection system from 37.. it's OLD tech.
So from understanding from the video the main reason these chips would have supply issues is that they cannot use common microcontrollers because they have such harsh operating environment requirements (wild temperatures, high humidity, fluctuating power, needing to operate for 20 years)
Would be neat to hear how these electronics are manufactured to work in such harsh conditions
Higher purity chemicals, OR more robust QC usually. They still make ceramic top 486s with ancient, old processes, the stuff I played games on as a kid. They qualify them for satellite use today, because the circuits are less susceptible to errors from cosmic radiation hits.
Thank you so much for this and all your other videos!
Before cars had electric light bulbs and electric starter motors they already had spark plugs. Diesel cars do not need spark plugs, and some very early petrol engined cars used an open flame to ignite the fuel/air mixture in the cylinder, but first Model T ford already had spark plugs.
Mechanical injection pumps are extremely precision systems. Modern diesel injection electronic control system to reduce emissions is fairly complicated and requires a computer to run it. Remember the smoking trucks of the 60s and 70s? In fact, full-control ECUs for diesel engines were at the forefront of ECU revolution.
thank you...incredibly informative video
Ah, yes the classic has to be done yesterday requirement. Very familiar with that one.
Also I'm sure someone has already pointed out, but measuring software by lines of code is a fools errand that tells you nothing about the software other than the size and age of the project as I've never once seen a project end up with LESS code than when it started. If you want less code you start a new project and the code bloating cycle repeats unless rather harsh and stringent requirements are routinely carried out. More or less code isn't necessarily better, but more code does usually mean more features, regardless of whether or not those features add anything useful.
Missing the point. The point is to say it's a complicated thing.
Good video illustrating the importance of semiconductors but what about the current supply chain issue? Where is the bottle necks? Why aren’t they getting to auto manufacturers
Why hadn't I hit subscribe yet, I've watched enough of your videos... Well, I'm subscribed now, so that's fixed!
Truly unbelievable good work! Hope you do something similar on AV use
Great topic, excellent video, thanks a lot!
I had no idea of this complexity. Now I have SOME idea. Thanks for the hard work. Subscribed. Hope it helps your effort?
Nice video! Thank you.
Informative & intereting video. Looking forward to one on electronics for EVs.
Excellent!
Thankyou ❣
I have torn apart my fair share of cars, to nothing but the bare metal, the newest being a design first released in 2012, which had a dozen or so control units, compared to 3 or 4 in models from 1998.
I’m exceptionally curious as to which models have upwards of 100 units these days, i’d love to have a look at how they’re doing things.
They would count all the weird useless tacky stuff in luxury cars likely. I've also done similar to you for a 09 car it had all sorts of stuff even onstar (not even in my country) in the back of the boot and some other interesting control boxes.
Most interesting one I've found was for a magnetic suspension system (magnetnohydraulic fluid in some of the top end GM stuf) and the controller was made by Dassault in France of all places, a defense contractor. I'd hazard a guess they are used as part of fire control stabilisation in armoured vehicles.
Imagine an EMP going off frying all but the most hardend electronics sending civilazation back to the stone age.
Thanks Great Video!
Emission testing is done using a chassis dynamometer which simulates road conditions on rolls (cylinders) while the vehicle is stationary and the exhaust gathered and analyzed to determine the level of exhaust emissions while following a driving profile. Hot 505s are the focus of "normal", at operating temperaure, conditions for understanding combustion air-fuel ratio control in relation to catalytic converter performance. Essential to this is closed loop control using HEGOs.
Loving the videos
Airbags - 80% bang and 20% effect. Airbags are overly emphasised because of their visual appearance, but form crash physics point of view, it is the seatbelt and its pretensioner and force limiters that do most of the mitigation of forces acting upon the passengers. Airbags give limited additional effect if (and only if) seatbelts are correctly used. There is much more clever sensorics, algorithms and requirements applied in the SRS electronic systems than just deploying whoopee cushions of the car.
I want to know the square millimeters of silicon in a basic car today compared to say a Tesla?
Cars became rolling computers. And that is truly unfortunate for longevity of cars. My 30 year old simple car (with just ONE ecu for engine) will far outlast anything that's in the showroom today.
Thanks for the video! I learned lots! Pls make one on EVs. It seems EV makers like Teslas n BYDs are less impacted by the chip shortage issues. I read that it's because they use fewer and more modern/advance chips.
Great job
Subbed. Holy crap this is a good video
Yes. Would you please do one for electric cars?
I’d love to someday.
I bet overall there are fewer but more expensive chips in ev. Lots of the ice systems are heavily dependent on semis.
Thumbs up and subscribed!
Love the opening pic 👍👍👍
time to go back to hand crank windows, carbs, mechanical fuel injection, ignition distributor with points, etc....also weber carbs, holley and carter carbs, manual transmission, etc lol
3:50 the list is more like comfort, performance, economy and emissions ;-) A 20 year old nothing-special Benz has at least 13 computers in it, 4 alone are in the doors controlling the power windows, locks, door lights, the auto darkening mirror and should you have it, the soft-close feature.
Companies flip-flop between reducing inventory levels to the bare minimum during "good times" and over-purchasing and hoarding parts during "bad times". The semiconductor "shortage" is a symptom of over-reactive (poor) management.
How can we have a diverse supply chain if market forces drive fab monopolies?
The truth of the matter is I dont have a choice, I MUST buy a new car riddled with electronics weather I like it or not because some politician demanded it, be it for safety or environmental reasons. ive owned plenty of old carburetored, manual cars over the years to know they work well enough without so much electronics
Your old car with carburator only works because electronics,wtf are you talking about???
When you said you are a "Sterotypically bad driver" that alone shows a humility very few people would have picked up on. It shows a rare honesty that's lacking in today's world. I really like when people just say what they actually believe to be true, even if it's not complementary to them personally. This is why your channel deserves the success it has. Happy holidays !
9:40 And these conditions are simulated in vibration and climate chambers before a design goes into production.
Supposedly one problem electronics manufacturers that have found an alternative chip supplier is that the new chips come in a less heat tolerant packaging. Meaning they can get destroyed if a component that needs to be wave soldered like a connector is nearby. Solutions being redesigning the product or possibly switching to a more expensive low melting point solder.
This vid should be called: The History of Automotive Computer Use. We know that they are "Microcomputers." It sure isn't macrocomputers in the cars.
Great episode thanks, but PLEASE add metric subtitles when you quote mass, temperature, etc. Thanks!
Yes. About every 10 years there is supply crisis n auto industry swears they will diversify. But after couple years cost pressure sends us back to old ways.
Very good overview thanks. I was aware of some of this but not grasped the absolute dependence of modern vehicles on semiconductors. The US motoring website Jalopnik did a good overview article as well but from a slightly different perspective.
In the US the general public are all saying why can’t Intel or Apple or Google just add capacity and make more semiconductor chips and not understanding that as you point out the hardware in vehicle processors is quite different to the nanochips in modern phones and laptops with much bigger less dense but much more robust semiconductor chips and Intel and Apple etc don’t design or make these and it’s as you noted it’s a few firms (mostly in Asia) that do make them. Apparently the same issues are seen in the aeronautics industry.
Honestly the sheer numbers when you talk about lines of makes me think there is room for optimisation somewhere, especially when you compared it to the fighter jet.
Probably not somewhere but everywhere
Fortunately my 1960 Mercedes 200d model w110 only needs electricity if I want to drive at night and see where I am going if I park at the top of a hill.
I don't claim to be an expert on the history of automotive design, but didn't even the earliest cars have spark plugs or something equivalent? I'd think electricity is essential to the operation of an internal combustion engine.
12 valve cummins with mechanical compression ignition go brrr.
Only the fire at the fab of Renesas was unexpected. The rest are manufacturers and speculators to blame. Car manufacturers have shot themselves in the foot.
Google 2 billion lines of spying tracker haha
If you ever worry about your car's ability to make the correct decisions on the fly just remember that the people who brought us the millions of lines of code for our car's ECU's also brought us our phones text autocorrections codes. ;)
Just in time supply chains don't work for critical components, ask the assembly, logistics and technical staff..not the bloody pen pushers.
agree 100%
Well played 👍👍
1:39 The sound is more natural and better!
Another fantastic video. Thanks!
„And judging by how the situation keeps happening over and over again around the world,it makes me think that companies are more willing to accept the significant, but intermittent risks of this centralization rather than eat the substantial cost of true diversification“
Absolutely, but I guess the reasons for that are more complex than just „money“.
Lets assume a company does truly diversify and take the cost. This only pays of in times of crisis. Until then that company is struggling to compete due to those aforementioned costs.
And even if they keep going till this should pay of: usually companies with these kind of problems are big and have a lot of employees. If they do not diversify and get into dire straits, the government is helping them to survive. Because that’s what politicians get elected for: helping in times of need.
Stoichiometric injection of fuel and air mixture done with computers, it done in boilers and thermal power plants which work with constant load and is 100 time less sophisticated than car gas pedal calculations and that is very good in fuel economy. But overengineering of cars with electronics, video games appeal is control of action in video play, if car 99% controlled by electronics is just boring commute.
My 94 YJ works just fine.
The volume of your videos tend to be lower than other channels. Nice productions still!
Bob Pease is laughing in his Beetle.
That is why we are busy in the Fabs because the demands are greatly overwhelming both from the consumer and automotive sector. Add to that the Covid situation.
I'm surprised folk can go to the toilet without some sort of smart device to help them these days! I prefer my life as tech free as possible, just a cheap smartphone and an old laptop are the only "smart" devices I own these days
Excellent except that the constraints of reliability and operating conditions you've described are mostly board designer problems, not related to the IC production by itself, and they were resolved trough decades of industrial, avionic and military usage way before transistor creation.
To me the real issue is the lack of supply diversity and the fact during this last decade they wanted to embed more and more UI gadgets even inside low-tier models of vehicles.
2:30 why is the volvo sign removed?
Now, I feel like, it's only a matter of time someone combines these ECUs to a full OS. I just wish Free Software like Linux become a de facto choice for it, like it became for servers.
I wonder how newer companies like Tesla deal with it. They basically did everything from scratch and didn't just add all the new tech on top. Possibly much less complex. They also did much better in the chip shortage.
Edit: Another comment just said the model Y has just 26 ECUs
You are very polite
If companies would do a production line audit instead of just buying from different sellers, they would see that they were all dependent on a single source.
Can you make a video of china’s current status of making thier own 28nm lithography machines?
It’s already done
Every time you show that Volvo 240 I found it hard to pay attention, my eyes watering up. An old mechanic told me that Volvo tuned their B20/B21 engines down 30%, which is why they were so dependable. Electronics now push engines into performing at levels that may shorten their lives. Anyway, I wish you had gone into the chip shortage part more. My theory is the chip shortage is more a PR excuse about why there are fewer cars being made and the higher prices. I believe the global economy is too sick to consume large numbers of new cars. They are waiting to see exactly where the economy goes once the pandemic fully lifts. Every time I see a new video I can't wait to watch! But please, no more Volvo 240s. My heart can't take it.
If this video was going to start with the history of the automotive, it would have been worth mentioning electric cars were competitive with the IC engine cars in the early days. Before the invention of the starter, they were preferred by female drivers for their ease of use.
Car engines had electric ignition from very early. Hot-tube ignition became obsolete.
Chips dont have moving parts to worry about driver pressing brakes tens of thousand times...
@4:37, I think your comment is inaccurate in why cars have exhaust. Whether the combustion is efficient or not, they all have exhaust. Even in a perfect situation there is exhaust.
A tangential anecdote: A friend of mine helped develop antilock brakes. At one point he said that the company told him to take a car with these experimental new brakes and drive it around and see how it worked. That is, the company basically said, "Hey, we have these experimental new brakes. We're not sure whether or not they actually work. So we want you to drive your wife and daughter around in a car with these untested brakes and see if they work." So yeah, sure.
@4:40 cars will emit exhaust regardless of how perfect the combustion is
Do they conformal coat their PCBs? Also, why don't auto manufacturers design their products to be more modular?