I am from the Netherlands and if I got a euro for every time someone told me: "if you speak German, you basically speak Dutch, trust me." I would be rich. I imagine it is kind of the same for Ukraine. The fact that it sounds the same at first doesn't mean it is the same. XD
Yes, I strongly agree. Though knowing German helps in learning Dutch. BTW I speak Afrikaans better than Dutch because in RSA Afrikaners love to help me practice... I wish it were the same in the Netherlands.
Slavic languages in general are WAY closer to each other then Germanic. For example, Russian has much more in common with Czech and Bulgarian then English with German
True, but I think this wrong notion about closeness of Russian and Ukrainian languages is even stronger than that, especially in minds of many Russians. Likely because vast majority of Ukrainians are bilingual and can speak both Ukrainian and Russian so whenever Russian was talking to Ukrainian, he indeed was exposed to Russian with some Ukrainian accent, not Ukrainian language. And also because this view has also been encouraged and solidified by past russification policies of Russian Empire and later Soviet Union where Ukrainian was often times even banned as an language of education, media or state institutions and even the idea of national unity between them promoted. We can see that even today in Russian propaganda, e.g. when Putin published his infamous essay "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" which seemingly in his mind legitimizes his brutal aggression.
One reason why so many Russians think that Ukrainian is really just a dialect is that they confuse Surzhyk with actual Ukrainian. Many Surzhyk varieties are really just Russian with Ukrainian pronunciation and some vocabulary.
Yes.. that’s true! When I moved to Romania everybody from Moldova told that they understand Ukrainian. So, but when I started talking real clear Ukrainian their opinion changed. Now they say that that don’t understand. I think it because many of them never didn’t hear clear Ukrainian!
Not correct. Surzhyk is basically Ukrainian but with usage of some amount of Russian lexics but with transformation of Russian words according to Ukrainian phonetic and morphological features. It is still considered as Ukrainian but in its Russified form. You can hardy find a Surzhyk based on Russian - usually only among Russians who live among Ukrainians and use Ukrainian words here and there (but this is very rare phenomenon). There are also a lot of Ukrainian dialects that can be wrongly treated as Surzhyk because they have some words similar to Russian words. But they used those words from the very start. That is the main difference. Surzhyk is when people who used to speak in one way start using unusual lexics in several generations. Dialect is when people who used to speak in one way continue speaking this way. The another trait of Surzhyk - it differs from person to person. So when you hear all people in the region using the same word this is most likely dialectism.
I am Ukrainian and my native language is Ukrainian, but I can write and speak Russian easily. But Ukrainian sounds very different from Russian. And yes, having lived for 1.5 years in the Czech Republic and having studied their language a little more, I can say that if you try, you can understand any Slavic language.
I don't understand Ukrainian at all as a Czech and I can't really distinguish it from Russian. I don't like all those so-called polyglots who say "learn slavic language XY and you will understand all of them" it's nonsense and these people are fake polyglots. Ofcourse Ukrainian is slightly closer than Russian, but in some cases it's actually vice versa and sentence is more similar in Russian, so it's completely random, you can't say that Ukrainian will help you with understanging Czech and I would say that Ukrainians who really speak Ukrainian have even stronger "eastern accent" than Russians, which complicates things even more. But I guess Ukrainian will help you with Polish a lot.
@@Pidalin You can always test the theory about understanding any Slavic language by knowing more than one. Ako razumiš ovo šta sad pišem bez ikakvih problema onda možda i teorija o sveopćem razumijevanju slavenskih jezika i je zapravo istina, medjutim ako ti triba Google prijevod onda možda i ta teorija i nije istina. Ja mislim da prije i nije istina nego je, pa ipak znanje dva slavenska jezika može pomoći u komunikaciji između različitih govornika slavenskih jezika.
@@Pidalinyou are right about "that's not universal language" And wrong about Ukrainian helping understand polish ( i cant understand polish,coz they unlogical and many contant song's "at the rove"....all that's dz, ch,jhch....gzjhc... that's crazy. Czechian and others it's more close to Ukrainian
I leave 16 years in Ukraine, i'm from Moldova, my parents was speaking Russian, i ended school in Russian and my university as well in Russian (in Moldova 2 official languages Russian and Romanian) Of cause i know Romanian as well fluent, and got good knowledge of UK English, after university i worked in USA company few years and my english was growing to a very good level too. So at 23 years i was a person who can speak and write 3 very different languages (i'm not a professional, but they have absolutely different grammar and words base, so believe me i had a lot of pain in my childhood! :) At 23 i was moving to Kyiv, and started to live in Ukraine with my wife. In 100% cases people talked to me Russian, so i did not have any need to learn Ukranian. But i did not understood it at all! It was the same as any other foreign unknown language! I was not able to get sense from any big sentence, or long speech! I did not understand TV shows or movies, it was absolutely impossible for me to understand Ukranian speaking people, and one time i was talking in English from one guy from west Ukraine who really did not know Russian, and was not able to get the fool value of my words. Ukranian for me was the same hard as any other Slavik language, and believe me, if you understand 2 words from 7 words it give you nothing :) Now i fluent speak and understand Ukranian, and not bad can understand and speak Polish. Hope my story will help to somebody. Ukranian and Russian are like Holland, Sweedish, Dutch and German, they looks similar, but i'm sure that they are not :)
As to draw/paint in Ukrainian, there are actually several words with different neanings: малювати/maliuvaty (to depict smth), креслити/kreslyty (to make technical drawings), and фарбувати/farbuvaty (to cover smth with a paint).
It seems that the distinction is described well in the video. In Polish there are very similar words and their meaning is mostly the same: rysować - to draw (with a pencil, crayons etc) malować - to paint (with paint) kreślić - to sketch or to make technical drawings. There is also farbować which means to tint or to dye.
Малювати то від німецького malen що означає рИсувати і це слово рисувати,привласнили москалі. Рисувати- наносити риси звідсіля риси вдачі. Російською- чєрти характєра.
I'm Polish and I lived with eastern Ukrainian roommates for several months. They considered Russian to be their native language but also spoke Ukrainian. As I spoke neither Russian nor Ukrainian and they didn't speak English or Polish, we used to communicate by tossing synonyms at each other until we found a shared one. As time went by I had quite a bit of their vocabulary memorised, but only later did I realise that I had no idea which language all the words that I had learned actually belonged to. Come to think of it they might have been speaking surjik too and I wouldn't have even known. The end result is that I can't distinguish between the two languages to save my life unless it's in writing. The vocabulary shared with Polish doesn't even help because I expect both of these to have some vaguely eastern-sounding cognates of Polish words and I never know how much is too much for it to be Russian. I feel like I'll continue to be screwed unless I actually properly learn the languages, separately
Интересная история) С суржиком всё ожидаемо. Часть русских слов совпадает с польским, как и часть украинских. Для увеличения понимания украинцы говорили на суржике.
@@fire6328 Спасибо за ваш комментарий! Действительно, суржик, смесь русского и украинского языков, может облегчить общение между поляками и украинцами, учитывая сходство некоторых русских и украинских слов с польскими. Это интересный аспект межкультурного общения, который показывает, как языковые перекрестки могут способствовать лучшему взаимопониманию между людьми разных национальностей.
Here's some input from the insider: Viktoria Ballova I am Slovak from Eastern Slovakia. Both grandmothers spoke official Slovak only with difficulties, their mother language was a Šariš dialect close to Polish. My parents still speak between themselves and with neighbours Šariš dialect (village of Kráľovce near Košice, traditionally bordering between Šariš region and Abov region). Today, I am giving classes of Slovak language to Ukrainian refugees. My Šariš language experience helps a lot in understanding Ukrainian too!
@@marians7364 At the end of 19th century, people of the future Slovakia were not "people in Slovakia" but subjects in Austrian Empire - a brooder of political nations in the East Europe since 1848, like Czech, Slovaks, Poles, Russians, Bulgarians, Romanians, Hungarians, Serbs, Croatians and other smaller Slovenians etc.
As a native speaker of both Russian and Ukrainian, I would estimate the lexical similarity between the two languages to be around 75-80%. The cited 62% lexical similarity seems much too low. Do you have a reference to a specific study that provides this statistic? Could you also comment on the study's reliability? It's important to note that Russian and Ukrainian have complex but almost identical grammatical structures. This aspect should not be underestimated. While lexical similarity indicates shared vocabulary, grammatical structure plays an even more significant role in determining how closely related languages are. Due to their very similar grammar, native Russian speakers can often achieve a native or near native level of proficiency in Ukrainian relatively quickly like few months with focused study. This is because the primary challenge lies in acquiring new vocabulary, estimated to be around 300-500 words. In my experience watching Polish videos, I would estimate the lexical similarity between Polish and Ukrainian to be around 65-70%, and between Russian and Polish to be around 55-60%. Additionally, Polish grammatical structure seems quite different from both Ukrainian and Russian.
Да, эта цифра кочует от блогера к блогеру, неизвестно из какого источника. В одном из видео говорилось, что 62% взяли из сравнительного анализа .... топонимов Украины и России.
@@dmitrychoobise Автор сам политизирован и вольно обращается с материалом. Что такое украинский язык? Есть ли единый украинский язык? Почему украинцы запада и востока не понимают друг друга? Ну, а главный вопрос в том, что если кот это кiт, то как, тогда кит!
@@polyglotdreams As a Ukrainian I can say that you are right about the linguistic similarity. Don't pay attention to the Russians who leave ugly comments. The current linguistic problems come from the historical problems of the russian myth created when Muscovy became an empire and later renamed its country to highlight European roots and not Asian ones. That is, the two nations are fighting for primogeniture, to whom the people of Rus (or Ruthenia in Latin) really belongs, which from the Ukrainian point of view the Muscovites stole from our history. I would like to see a video about the similarities between Russian and Bulgarian. Although modern Bulgarian has evolved into an analytical language, it shares a lot of vocabulary with Russian. It explains that the ancestors of Russians largely spoke Hungarian-Finnish languages and that when they adopted Church Slavonic, they adopted it almost "entirely", while other countries of the Orthodox Church were only influenced by Church Slavonic and have local synonyms. Thanks!
@@oleksandrtarasyuk3023 so Russians are blue eyed blond "asians" who stole Ukrainian culture. Interesting ideology they have out there in western Ukraine.
As a native Ukrainian speaker, I say some interesting feature of my language: How word write, you read same. All letters have specific sound, and in most cases don't chandes. Russian have changing letters with "o" that sometimes read like "a". Also we have large variations of emphasis. There can be 1 word that mean 2 different items , for example: За́мок and Замо́к (Zamok). First mean: Castle, Second mean: Lock, like door lock or padlock.
Hello Tim ! Thanks for your comprehensive explanations ! Your accurate analysis reminds me of my Russian linguistics professor at Sorbonne University. I mostly studied Russian myself but I started to mix it up with Czech when I minored in Czech back then. I also tried to learn some Polish and Ukrainian later on but it was so confusing that I eventually gave up. Otherwise, have you ever heard about Interslavic or studied it ? Maybe it will be worth a new video from you to complete your serie upon Slavic languages 😉.
Thank you! My pleasure. Yes, I know of Interslavic and have listened to it as well as read it. It is quite easy to understand for any speaker of a Slavic language.
11:50 just a little correction - in Slovak "prajem si" derives from "Priať si" (wishing), not "Prať si". "Prať si ..." would mean "Washing one's ... [item]".
It's always impressive the amount of work you put on these videos. I literally learn more here than anywhere else when it's about languages. Thanks Tim!! Muito obrigado
9:14 this word has a direct cognate with Polish word 'otrzymać' also meaning 'to receive' or 'to obtain' and it would sound natural used in the Polish sentence example.
I'm Polish and have a Ukrainian wife. We understand each other quite well with little effort in our respective native languages. However, I also speak Russian and learned some Ukrainian to bridge the gap, though it wasn't difficult.
7:21 Russian actually has the word малевать(malevatj), it also has the meaning of to paint, but more like to doodle. 9:10 In Russian I'd say "стипендия"(stipendija). Грант just means grant. 15:10 In russian we also use лекарь(lekarj), but it sounds more folkish and, i think, closer to English "healer" than "doctor". "Доктор"(doctor) is also an option, it's very common. 19:24 We also say "утвердить"(utverditj). And there's a word "рапорт"(raport) which is close to polish one. It is used in military, but also in business speech.
Yes, as you mentioned, they can mean the same in 90% of cases, but there might be specific instances where one is more appropriate than the other due to nuances in the level or type of education being referred to. I did point out that the other languages have cognates with študovať .
Old east Slavic is a debatable topic, because Soviets used power to change history in favor of Russian-based original language, and there is indeed a common source of multiple languages that has a continuity of dialects. After a deep research, by Sheveliov, we can for sure say that there are no evidence whatsoever that this common language existed a mere 1000 years ago. It doesn't mean that people didn't understand each other, cause as you've mentioned Slavic languages have strong connection and related. But it's such a cliche to measure historical processes according to modern political formations and their relations to the definition of common vs different languages. Take German as example, there was no Germany to call a language German, and 35 dialects(now) somehow resemble the situation back than. Should we call it a continuum, should we draw the line, or unify?
Completely agree. Russia uses mythical "Old East Slavic unity" as a tool to explain why they should capture our lands ("we all were Russians - and it's time to return to Russian roots"). In fact the tribes that lived on the territory controlled by Rus' were of different origin. E.g. according to the chronicle Vyatichs and Radimichs were originally Lechitic tribes from Polish lands. Old Novgorod language originally had unique features (some even say of its West Slavic origins) and later was Ruthenised for centuries (this can be seen if we compare birch barks from different epochs). And Muscovy was originally settled by Finno-Ugric tribes at all, only having Slavic nobility in big cities. Languages/dialects of the territory controlled by Rus' evolved separately until they came under influence of Old Ruthenian (language of Kyiv) for about 200 years. That is when all those languages (due to Kyivan influence, lack of other influences and Orthodox religion) preserved/gained s similar features that are now called East Slavic. Later when Kyivan influence disappeared those languages continued evolving separately.
I live in Russia, but my father is Ukrainian. What's interesting about Ukrainian is that, for example, unlike Bulgarian, it has grammar that is almost identical to Russian. Also, unlike other Slavic languages, its Swadesh word list is also almost identical to Russian, with just 1-3% difference depending on how you count. Colloquial language in general is also very similar. I can watch Ukrainian videos on UA-cam on general household topics with hardly any problems. The key issue is abstract vocabularly (often not very commonly used colloquially) , which in Ukrainian is under a major Polish influence. So overall, up to a third of all Ukrainian words have cognates in Polish and not Russian. Also, for political reasons the current official Ukrainian often prefers lexical dialectal variations that have more borrowings from Polish. For example, musyty instead of povynen or maty (must), diakuju instead of spasybi (thanks) , etc. Polish itself is much more difficult for Russians to understand, mostly because of sound shifts, so cognates aren't recognised soon enough.
@@ЄвгенійПанасенко-н2к Здравствуйте! Можно провести объективный эксперимент. Возьмите любое древнерусское произведение, например, Слово о полку Игореве, можно Галицкую летопись, что угодно. Положите рядом перевод на современный русский и на современный украинский. Для примера через Гугл переведите это же на польский. Будет сразу заметно, что в целом у русского текста будет больше общих слов с древнерусским, чем будет у украинского. У украинского текста существенная часть слов будет совпадать с польским, но не с древнерусским - то есть будут полонизмы. Сами так сделайте, если не верите. Для объективности в русском, например, есть заимствования из татарского. Но большинство - это архаичные исторические термины типа "ясак" или "алтын". Из современных слов реально часто в быту используется только "деньги". Хорошего Вам дня.
@@sergeyKN115 Вы подтверждаете мои слова о политизированности тенденций современного украинского языка. Спасибi - традиционное украинское слово, имеется в словарях, в том числе этимологических. Имеет древнерусское происхождение от "спаси Богъ". Очевидно, такова мода, любое сходство с русскими, даже происходящее от предков, механически записывать в "суржик", "советизацию" "россификацию" и т. д. Колористий, швидкий, праця, видимо, чисто славянские слова.
If you dive deep to Slovak dialects you can find even closer relationship with Ukrainian language. And in every language you can say the same thing different way and very often the multilanguage translator doesn't reflect this fact. I understand Polish, Ukrainian and Russian too so I can say Slovak sentences sounding much more closer to Polish and Ukrainian than declared ration.
Absolutely, the relationship between Slovak, Ukrainian, and Polish can be quite close, particularly when considering regional dialects and the historical interactions among these groups. Dialects, especially those spoken near borders or in regions with mixed ethnic histories, often preserve linguistic features and vocabulary that reflect a shared heritage and can make them sound more similar to neighboring languages. And, yes, in this type of comparison I have to deal with the choices made how to express the same idea when each course was made.
I'm from Moldova, but from the childhood I start to understand 3 languages at once Romanian, Russian and Ukrainian from the TV channels which I still have today, even if I speak Romanian as a native language, I can also speak Ukrainian and Russian.
I noticed that the app uses different types of transliteration\latinization for russian and ukrainian, for russian it uses slavic letters with caron on top while for ukrainian it's transliteration based on english - sh, ch, y (sometimes j though, which is inconsistent), and that's stupid, app should use one type for both languages, preferably slavic letters one. As a ukrainian I wish we someday adopt latin (latynka) as a seconds alphabet to avoid things like this. Great video btw, you such an expert in this, hope to see more slavic related video from you :)
Very interesting comparative video which shows that a lot of everyday stuff is mutually intelligible in these languages (more so on paper than when spoken when additional factors come into play). And you’ve got a feeling a different choice of words is possible here and there which would make them even more comprehensible. I know for sure it’s true for some of the Polish examples. Some 10-15 years ago I watched a weekly news segment for the Ukrainian minority called „Nowyny” aired by the public Polish TV regional branch at Lublin (yes, the title was written that way; in Polish it would be „Nowiny”. By the way, it’d be interesting to know whether Ukraine was making similar TV segment for the Poles living in Ukraine) and granted the featured people’s Ukrainian pronunciation was somewhat touched by Polish which made it easier to grasp for Polish speakers, you'd find yourself scratching your head hard as to why Polish subtitles would be screened all along - there was no need for that as almost everything was comprehensible. I’ve come to experience that when a person from the west of Ukraine doesn’t speak too rapidly or under their breath then a lot can be understood, a whole lot. (However, I have a few years’ worth of Russian classes in primary school under my belt so that surely helps there as well.) The Ukrainian pronunciation and cadence in the video do not come from the west of the country though, do they? It doesn’t sound harsh enough for my Polish ears. Isn’t the root for the Ukrainian word „звіт” the same as that of Polish „zwiad” (‘reconnaissence, scouting’) and Russian „разведка” (‘intelligence, reconnaissence, scouting’)? Although the latter two do not denote a ‘report’ you can see how they all have come to mean what they do.
Thank you for your insightful comment. It's fascinating to hear about your experiences with the mutual intelligibility of Slavic languages, particularly in the context of Polish and Ukrainian. Your observations about the newscast "Nowyny" underscore how shared linguistic roots and cross-border cultural influences can enhance understanding, even making subtitles seem unnecessary at times. As for similar programming in Ukraine for the Polish minority, there have been various initiatives over the years to cater to Poland's cultural and linguistic heritage within Ukraine. The availability and consistency of such content has varied and may not have been as widespread as the offering you described in Poland. Regarding the pronunciations and cadences from different regions, it's true that the dialects of Western Ukraine often share more similarities with Polish, which can make them more accessible to Polish speakers. The nuances of regional speech, including intonation and pace, can significantly affect comprehensibility. Lastly, regarding the word "звіт," while it might share conceptual space with Polish "zwiad" and Russian "разведка," in terms of etymology, it has a distinct root more directly associated with reporting or accounting. However, the conceptual evolution you've described-how words related to gathering or scouting information have come to be used in the context of reports-is an excellent example of the dynamic nature of language development. It's a reminder of how terms can shift and evolve to meet the communicative needs of a language community.
@@polyglotdreamsNo, thank YOU for creating the video and taking time to reply at length! Well, I can’t state with certainty whether my compatriots living in Ukraine have enjoyed likewise treatment with regard to a periodic TV newscast in our language (I’m hoping someone has some detailed knowledge on that). However, knowing the Banderites from their past and present doings and being aware of their ideology, I wouldn’t count on reciprocity on their part that much, not even in execution of treaties signed. But considering the topic of the video that’s generally neither here nor there, sorry. Discovering and studying these linguistic relations is fascinating and fun. Admittedly, I may have a skewed understanding of what „roots” mean in English linguistic parlance but my train of thought with „звіт”, „zwiad” and „разведка” was exactly what you’ve broken it down. Talking about intelligence services and foreign languages, I think I may never memorize the German cognate for intelligence service well enough. The word „Nachrichtendienst” has got that fixed meaning in German, yet each time I see the „Bundesnachrichtendienst” (BND) mentioned I think of some federal press agency first. It takes me some extra 2-3 seconds to realize I can’t go down the „Wortzusammensetzung” path and simply put the words „Nachrichten” + „Dienst” together and go with the result. „Whaaaat, a «lieutenant colonel»?! Why would a BND journalist hold such military rank?! Is he merely moonlighting as a… Wait! Ah dammit, I’ve forgotten it again!”
Доброго дня, Тим! С вашего позволения сделаю ремарку про пару "іспит-испит" 8:37 . Русское слово "испит"(краткая форма причастия "испитый" ) имеет значение выпит до дна, а украинское іспит это ближе по смыслу и звучанию к русскому слову испыта́ние.
The division between language and dialect is a political issue, not a linguistic one. For example, when Yugoslavia existed they said that there was a single Serbo-Croatian language, and after its collapse they began to talk about independent Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian languages, although apparently the language remained virtually unchanged after this collapse. Regarding your second question, can you give at least one example where a language/dialect with fewer speakers is or was considered a dialect of a language/dialect with more speakers? I don't know of any such example.
Usually, people tend to think that the smaller language is a dialect of the bigger language for the simple fact that the latter is spoken by more people. Galician might be older than Portuguese (at least as old as) but some say Galician is a dialect of Portuguese, because Portuguese has many more speakers.
@@RogerRamos1993 thank you for your observations, but it is not the answer of my question. Do you agree with my opinion that in the world practice there is no examples when language/dialect with more speakers is seen as dialect of language/dialect with fewer speakers?
Yes, thank you... Испытание refers to a process or an event that examines someone's abilities, qualities, or endurance through challenges or difficulties.
Испьітание is about testing something, but not knowledge (which is what an exam is), so the meaning is quite different (you cannot испьітьівать знания). In Ukrainian, it's випробування (or випробовування), a different word which does not overlap with іспит either.
Of course, there are many similarities with the Czech language as Czech is very similar to Slovak. I want to also compare Czech with Slovak Polish and Croatian.
Well, it is somewhat similar but not as much as the languages mentioned. Slovak would be the bridge between Czech and Polish in this case, as there are some similarities but not that many. I could easily speak to a Slovak in Polish, he in Slovak and we would understand each other quite effortlessly, but with Czech? Nah, not so much.
@@polyglotdreams Ale to tylko pojedyncze przeoczenie, które nie zmienia faktu, że Pana filmik jest bardzo merytoryczny i dobrze ukazuje, że ukraiński to bezdyskusyjnie odrębny język od rosyjskiego.
Polish is most similar to Czech and Slovak, but there is one crucial point- having compared Polish to these two, there are many false friends. For instance: Laska- in Czech "miłość" (similar to Polish "łaska"), in Polish it means "walking stick" or more metaphorically "chick" (an attractive girl). Some years ago I heard two Slovaks speaking to each other- I am Polish and I was sure it was a mix of Polish and Czech or Czech and Polish.😅 PS Your pronunciation of Polish words is very well! Congratulations because it is tricky and demanding!
When you compare the sentences from different languages there are no variations. But e.g. in Ukrainian there are different ways to say the same sentence which will be either closer to Polish or closer to Russian without any distinguishable semantical difference.
There's a video I saw a time ago where a Russian girl was telling the similarities (and differences) between 12 slavic languages, and there was a special section for russian and ukrainian where she spoke to a ukrainian native speaker and she tried to understand her, she couldnt understand some simple words/sentences like How are you, thank you, etc. And also when the Ukrainian girl said a basic sentence about her name, where she was born, where she studied what shes doing etc. and the Russian girl did not understand anything (only 2+ words) and when she tried to read Ukrainian, even after being told the differences between the letters she struggled a lot
This video is fantastic. I've been saying to my friends: I consider Ukrainian to be a bridge between Polish and tRussian. And here you are, putting it in scientific language. My dreams have come true. As for b- in bin, bona etc. In Polish dialects we have some distortion of it: łon, łona, łono. That is my litttle theory, as in Ukrainian you have avtobus but in Polish autobus, pronounced: ałtobus. Like many things, Polish dropped a significant amount of phonetics (aspirated and inaspirated h for example) and grammar (we have completely lost the past tense: ex. Ja byłem zrobiłem). Otrimati is close to otrzymać, which is a synonym for dostać, albeit of a higher register.
In Belarusian it is "aŭtobus" and "atrymać". The "Ja byŭ zrabiŭ" plusquamperfect form is dated and not used anymore, though it's understandable and can be found in older books.
I guess, almost every language can be considered as a bridge between other languages: Polish, for example, is a bridge between Ukrainian an German (or Latin), Slovak is a bridge between Ukrainian and Czech, Russian is a bridge between Ukrainian and Bulgarian and so on.
I'm Russian and I used to live in Ukraine for 2.5 years before the war started. Now we live with my wife in Germany, Berlin where obviously is a high level of multiculturalism can found. For instance, I can hear Polish, Ukrainian, Russian and German languages on the streets (and many others). From my personal experience - Knowing Ukranian is a better entry point for Eastern European languages because it's a nice bridge between Polish, Russian and to a certain degree even German. It has more similar words to Polish, which also has been influenced by German, so the continuity and ties are clearer. While Russian is much more isolated linguistically. As far as I know - there is a lexical imbalance between Rus and Ukr: Ukrainians will understand Russian, but Russia barely understands Ukranian. Regarding Russian, again, I'm not a professor or historian, so my observation is based on my personal experience and videos like this on UA-cam and articles on Wikipedia, so please take my words with a slight pinch of salt. That being said, I understand why Russian is one of the main languages in the world, I don't think it was a smart choice from a practical perspective, but rather a sum of historical, political and social events. What I mean by that is that, if ones wants to communicate with a vast amount of east-Europeans and learn our culture - I feel like Russian isn't the best language to start with for the reasons I wrote in the beginning. Indeed in Russian, we have a LOT of German and French words ( I was surprised actually how many German words in Russian are) but they obviously were imported and the nature of how they behave and are placed in the language is very granular and systematic. For instance, everything that has a connection to engineering and medicine usually has a German heritage or a straight German word, lifestyle words often have a French heritage. While Ukranian has none of that -it usually has its own words for it or some similar words to Polish and German. The problem though, I don't think that we discuss rendezvous or angina (German, throat inflammation) with people that often, especially when one just started to learn a new language. So these German and French connections are very sporadic and often very particular. I think they were imported with the industry and lifestyle in the 17-18 century, when Russians were entering the European family, culturally wise. Also when I was living in London - I noticed that British has almost none of these imported words. So yeah - knowing Russian sometimes helps me with an understanding doctors here in Berlin and helps a bit to impress my French colleagues, but these imported words are very surfaced, in a sense that they don't add anything when I actually learn German or French let's say. Another important note, is that when we say Russian, we actually mean Soviet language. Two examples: During the USSR, the soviets were pushing basic literacy and education to peasants and masses, which required the most average and standardized version of language. I think for that reason, you almost can't find dialects in modern Russia. I travelled a bit across the central and west of my Country and I can say that the language sounds the same everywhere, maybe with tiny differences in vowels in specific places and words. What can't be said about Ukranian - it sounds different in central, western and eastern Ukraine. There are dialects and different pronunciations and even different words. The obvious question arises - well, if the language is standardized (Russian) - should I learn it, instead of more "chaotic" and diverse Ukranian? Well, yes and no. Which leads me to the second point: Russian language represents its people, culture and very very difficult, tough history. Because Russia went through many bad places and events in its history and had to adapt to it, I think it's reflected in language. Russian language is quite constructed, managed, changed, governed and edited while Ukranian is a very "folk" language. For instance, reading War and Piece in its original form is a nightmare for me now, that's why when we read it these days - we actually read the "adjusted" version. Words, and sentences changed. If I go even further than that - like more than 300 years back in history - I don't think that I would be able to understand what the language says. While my Ukranian wife can read Ukranian texts which are 300-500-600 years old. Damn, even when I read pre-soviet Russian - it's already quite different - like there are more similarities to Ukraninan, even the same letters, which were taken out later by Soviets. Which leads me to the last point - my perception of Ukranian language: to me as a Russian it sounds quite archaic: basically the words Ukranian use sound like "old-russian" words. For English speakers the best analogy would be: you/thou. Ok, so far I've been downplaying Russian a bit. But for obvious reasons - it's very widespread, it has a cultural and financial backing and it requires no introduction: bears and vodka already did all promo-campaign for it. So maybe for a casual learning - Russian is indeed a way to go, because of deep-interwined history of Russian and European countries, many imported words and simplicity (compared to Polish and Ukranian) and amount of speakers. For polyglots though, for people who are really digging and learning a lot and think of the languages from a more systematic and holistic approach - I think Ukranian would be an interesting bet.
The Russian language has long been highly centralized (like the society as a whole) and any deviation from the standard is traditionally stigmatized. So no wonder people tried (and still try) to get rid of their local differences (dialects in the past, local pronunciation now), usually seen as something inferior to the standard. This is also true about their perception of the close languages like Ukrainian and Belarusian, still seen by many as kind of corrupt Russian that needs to be 'improved' (that is turned into 'proper Russian'). This attitude spreads far beyond the East Slavic languages: in fact, Russian cognates in pretty much every Slavic language are often perceived as 'defects'.
@@Timo_UAI can't say that people try to get rid of their local dialects and get to some sort of "normal" Russian. People from St-Petersburg are very proud of their differences in languages compared to Moscovities , people from Rostov-na-Donu (South region) are pretty cool with their relaxed "sho (шo - what), instead of more northern "chto" (что - what). Moreover, I felt that in recent years (even before 2022) there was a slowly starting trend in support of local communities, local culture and language differences. The problem though, is that it was and will suppressed by the authorities due to increased autocratic tendencies in Russia these days. What I can say, is that it's for sure that indeed Ukrainian and Belorussian might be perceived by some people as an inferior language compared to Russian. For instance: my mom used to lecture me that I shouldn't pronounce "sho" (шо - what), and use the correct form "chto" (что - what). The reason behind that, she told me, is that she is used by rednecks and non-littered people. Considering that "sho" is a standard form of "what" in Ukrainian and southern Russia - it's not a surprise that there is a level of chauvinism and paternalism among Russians towards Ukrainians and Belorussians, and sometimes towards ourselves. As for attitude towards other East Slavic languages - I can't confirm this, because I've never seen someone ever told me that Polish, Czech or Bulgarian are inferior versions of Russian. I believe it's the case with Ukranian and Belorussian for a simple reason - it has enough similarity AND geo-proximity to be heard and understood, to make a judgement about it. In the case of other Slavic, languages - I'm not sure it's the case. The bottom line is this: due to current events and the historical imperial Russian legacy, when we discuss Russian, Belorussian and Ukrainian languages, we have to be really careful, since it's a very sensitive topic.
@@anatolikbelikov Well, I've been discussing such things on different forums for many years now, and this experience has led me to a slightly different opinion. Btw, "sho" is not a standard form in Ukrainian, the standard is "shcho" (що), while "sho" is just a colloquial simplification (something like "cho" in Russian). In Ukraine, non-standard forms are usually quite tolerated, so most Ukrainians seem to be Ok with "sho".
@@Timo_UA I’m just describing my experience and thoughts on the topic. So it’s just an opinion. At the end of the day: we’re discussing languages, which are a spoken continuum of thoughts and feelings, that always flow and change, especially this day. Indeed, you’re correct regarding forms of “what”: scscho(“що”) is a standard one and scho (“шо“) is a more informal one and highly tolerated. However, again - it's interesting that I made this mistake, because to me “sscho” feels highly formal and cold, I used it rarely and mostly when I had to deal with some sort of officials, while “sho” was my standard form. Again because I'm a Russian speaker - I might assign to Ukrainian some features, and nuances that other people wouldn't, because it’s an “outsider perspective”
"испит" (ispit) does exist in Russian as an old or somewhat archaic term meaning "test," "exam," or "trial." It is less commonly used in modern Russian, with the more standard word for "test" or "exam" being "экзамен" (ekzamen). However, "испит" can still be encountered in literature, historical texts, or in some dialects, reflecting its roots in the Slavic language family, where similar words carry meanings related to testing or examination.
очень возможно, экзамен в каком-то смысле "испытание" на усвоение полученных знаний, как вступительный экзамен (в университет) / вступительное испытание (на работу ((чуть более неформально)) ) @@polyglotdreams
Is Russian vs Ukrainian similar to the relationship between Mandarin vs Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese spoken in Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia and Singapore, etc) in terms of similarities and transferability between these two languages? As a polyglot who can speak all these four (guess not many Polyglots in the world manage to have knowledge in all these four languages:), I guess you are in the best position to comment on this, thanks :)
Thanks for this interesting question. I would say that there's much greater difference between Cantonese and standard Chinese in terms of mutual intelligibility compared to Ukrainian and Russian. Of course, the written language situation is different, and it would be much easier to read Cantonese than to try to understand spoken Cantonese.
It is necessary to say that words "false cognates" may really mean "false friends" as it correctly said in this video. And "false friends" are mostly defined to be the "different vocabulary". But also "false cognates" may mean different thing than "false friend" do. They "false cognates ) may mean the pair of word which do not look more or less similar between each other but also have the same meaning. But actually they may be of completely different roots, at least between each other. The examples of "false cognates" are the Ukrainian word "громадянин" (citizen) and the Russian "гражданин" with the same meaning. Other examples are Russian-Ukrainian "pairs" "тяжкий - важкий" ("hard", "heavy"), "запад - захід" ("West") etc. Also, the words which are not genuine cognates and have "indirect" origin from the same Proto-Slavic word-ancestor but from two close Proto-Slavic words are probably did not put in this lexical similarity but in lexical distance. But it's not about any words of "indirect" origin but these which had sufficiently not identical meaning or sufficiently different grammar forms between their Proto-Slavic words-ancestors. The example probably is in this video the Russian-Ukrainian pair "петь - співати". Another pair in this video "становится - ставати" are "different vocabulary" from this criteria of classification. But a pair of words "стать - стати" which are not directly lexically related to "становиться -ставати" are real "cognates" as you said. So, these are Slavic (and probably not just Slavic) paradoxes. The other pairs from this video like "навыки - навички", "повышать - підвищувати", and, possibly "следует - "слід"are also not genuine cognates. They are "partial" or even "indirect" cognates according to their irregular sound changes in affixes or origin. But because of irregular changes just in affixes and absence of grammar or semantic differences in their Proto-Slavic ancestors they are probably put in 62% of the Russian-Ukrainian lexical similarity. Finally, not only this lexical paradoxes but all sum of different kinds of grammar and phonetic changes from "Proto-Slavic" ancestors make complications for putting Polish, Ukrainian and Russian in the definite subgroups of Slavic languages. At least, the problem concerns with the contemporary situation with their phonetics, grammar and vocabulary. Also, the borrowings of words from other languages (despite the author of these lexical distances ignored "borrowings") should not be exaggerated or undrrstated but it should be proven thoroughly according the rules of the linguistics.
@@vassylzavgorodniy642 Ну, звісно, українське "тяжкий" теж існує (щоправда, принаймні в одному зі своїх значень, що відповідає англійському heavy, тобто "важкий з огляду на масу", воно є "фальшивим другом перекладача" російському відповіднику). Всі "фпльшиві друзі" є "неподібною лексикою." Сприймання слів "важкий" і саме російського "тяжкий" як родичів може відбуватися як на рівні пересічних людей так і деяких західних лінгвістів. Російське "тяжелый", яке має відповідність слову "heavy" по значенню, згідно з проф. Тищенко не є "подібною" лексикою до укр. "тяжкий" через непряме походження від спільного праслов'янського слова-предка де, очевидно, були ще й відмінності граматичні й у значеннях між прямими предками двох, певним чином споріднених між союбою слів.
Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak and Czech are very similar and are understandable even to those who have not studied them. TRUTH, if you want, you can understand it. 🇵🇱🇺🇦🇨🇿🇸🇰🔥❤️
Most examples for slvoak language you should use words similiar to other languages like: študovať in slovak is also učiť (it is closer to other languages), same is with: uprednostniť - preferovať dúfam - mám nádej vylepšiť - upraviť All are used and are more similiar to other languages examples
Thank you for your work! I just wanted to say that in Russian we have a cognate to Ukrainian «малювати» that would be «малевать». But in Russian it means «to draw smth inaccurately, sloppily»
@@polyglotdreams Yes, I think so. But anyway it conveys the the idea of drawing:) though there is some sarcastic tone within it. The funny fact about it. There was a famous Russian (also Polish & Ukrainian) painter Malevich (Малевич). It’s a pure coincidence but his surname is completely related in our linguistic consciousness with the verb “малевать”. So sometimes we can call some unlucky painter this way - Malevich. Not because that we think that the real Malevich was bad, but because his surname reminds of the verb «малевать»:)
Your Soviet Bolshevik "Russian" has been introduced in 1918 in Moscow by the 1st commissar of education Lunacharsky originally from Austrian Galicia who lived in Ukraine for years. No surprise he introduced more than before Ukrainian words into new classless language of Soviet Russian.
The comparison is made to give some slight idea about the languages, but only official state languages are matched. Obviously because they are easily accessible for foreigners. All those official languages were composed in Austrian Imperial city of Prague after 1948 "Spring of Nations" by a team of professional linguists educated in France for the purpose to establish "Nation States" where the languages had to substitute religion as dividing factor. So, there's little vocabulary continuum among official languages as they're meant to be walls not bridges. Authentic "Slavic" languages of tenant farmers were gradually phased out. Present day Russian simply didn't exist before 1918 and it has become impassable to use pre 1918 Russian outside of areas remote from major cities. Authentic Ukrainian has been simply banned in 1862 and remained banned ever since but nevertheless it partly survived due to its cheerful and upbeat nature as a language of pirates.
Please remember that Russia may have banned Ukrainian, but Ukrainians also lived and developed their culture under the Habsburgs. In close connection with Poles, Slovaks or Czechs.
@@PKowalski2009 Ukrainians literally means "People behind the Frontier" lived and developed their culture away of any controlled by the European financiers areas on Carpathian mountains and on the Great Steppe before 19th century. Poles, Slovaks or Czechs are political nations who didn't exist before 1918.
I would disagree with only one conclusion. The word "врач(vrach/vrač/wracz)" also has Slavic roots. In the past, "врач(vrach/vrač/wracz)" meant a sorcerer
"Врач" has nothing to do with Turkic languages, it was borrowed into Russian from Old Church Slavonic "врачь" and has cognates in modern South Slavic languages (in which it mostly came to mean "witch doctor").
In 5:38. The Ukrainian word "він" is not "genuine" cognate to any Slavic word with the same meaning (possibly even to the Upper-Sorbian "won". It is because of so-called "irregular" sound changes. At least change "o" to "i" (Proto-Slavic "*On"- "вІн") there was not "regular" as it was, in the case of Russian "кОт" ("cat") and Ukrainian ("кІт"). In "він" changing from Proto-Slavic "o" to "i" occured" later than in "кіт" and was not did in evolutionary way but in "analogy" to "кіт". So, it's not "phonetic feature" but "lexical feature". And "він" probably is in 38% Russian-Ukrainian lexical distance and 30% Polish-Ukrainian lexical distance. So, it would be better for you to use Ukrainian "вухо" ("ear") instead and in order to demonstrate the phonetic differences between Ukrainian similar vocabulary differences concerning most Slavic languages except for Belarusian and some others. Its about the insertion of the protetic ("в") "w" in the beginning of a word. But "вона" and "воно", obviously can be used in this still.
As native Slovak I can understand 99% Czech and about 60% of Polish but I cannot understand Russian or Croatian just some words but not the sentence. I also am disappointed of myself that in this video I couldn't understand any of Ukrainian, I would say it was easier to understand Russian that Ukrainian. But I'm confident that if I would live in some of those countries I would learn very fast. I also speak perfectly Spanish ( castellano) and Catalan what helps me understand about 30 % of Italian but I cannot understand Portuguese suppose because I'm not nativ Spanish. Good vidio.
I'm Brazilian and I believe your biggest obstacle to understanding Portuguesen is phonetics. Spanish speakers understand spoken Portuguese around 30-60%. Many can't understand Continental Portuguese. If you study Portuguese for 1 month, you'll be able to learn enough to understand a good deal of Portuguese.
For me as Czech, it's completely random, sometimes I understand Ukrainian better and sometimes Russian, but I would say that Ukrainians have stronger "eastern accent" which sometimes make it harder to understand, but that very depends on actual speaker, because even some Russians have that very typical accent, so you understand nothing then. 😀
@@Pidalin Try to listen to Belarusian. :) Both Ukrainian and Russian have local dialects. The population of the southern part of russia has a big part of Ukrainians who speak and pronounce the same way as Ukrainians in Ukraine.
The more you get exposed to these languages and actually study them the more you will appreciate that you can learn them much faster due to your being a native Slovak speaker.
Ukrainian іспит is not the same as Russian испит. In Ukrainian word іспит is a noun, which means exam. Whereas in Russian испит is a past participle form of a (rather archaic) verb испить, meaning drunk until the end. Also, although it does not seem to be the topic of the video, many of the words from Russian, Polish, or Slovak shown as a translation have cognates in Ukrainian. So if the specific translation shows a different word, it does not mean there is no cognate. Sometimes, cognates have slightly different meanings, or not appropriate for a specific style of communication. For example, 10:30 porawic -> поправити (to fix), vylepsit' -> поліпшити (to improve, less formal than покращити). Or, 7:04 рисовать, rysowac -> рисовати (to draw, but not to paint, can mean technical drawing), kreslit' -> креслити (to plot)
В русском "он малюет" обычно значит "он рисует что-то непрофессионально". И есть ещё очень много подобных примеров. Но вот, например, часто меняются приставки на более архаичные для русского уха. Тот же "отыметь/отримать" будет в русском "заиметь", отыметь в современном языке опошлилось :). Стипендия тоже есть, она платится ежемесячно, а грант - обычно крупная сумма денег, чаще всего единоразовая. И тд и тп. Не буду проходится по всему видео, но думаю моя мысль понятна. Часто, всё очень легко разбирается если ты образованный человек.
Ваш комментарий действительно подчеркивает интересные различия и связи между русским и украинским языками, а также их взаимосвязь с западнославянскими языками. Мне очень приятно видеть, что вы обратили внимание на такие детали и поделились своими наблюдениями. Это подтверждает мою мысль о том, что украинский язык действительно занимает уникальное место, сочетая в себе элементы, знакомые и для русскоговорящих, и для носителей западнославянских языков. Ваши примеры с приставками и словообразованием особенно показательны. Эти тонкие различия и особенности делают изучение языков таким увлекательным процессом, позволяя глубже погрузиться в культурные и исторические контексты. Спасибо за ваш подробный и продуманный комментарий!
@@polyglotdreams Unfortunately, Ukr. "отримати" and Rus."отыметь" (if this this word is really and completely overlapped with "отримати" at least in some of its meanings), are of completely different roots. And just cognate preffixes, endings as well as some "occasionaly" identical letters in the roots of these two words make the "delusion of similarity" and cognacy" ("false cognates" cincerning origin). "Отримати" (its meaning may not overlappe fully even its Polish cognate) is derivative from "тримати" (to hold). The further etymology of the Proto-Slavic "*trimati" is unclear. The hypotheses of the Prot-Slavic word relatedness with the Proto-Slavic " *tremeti" or with some old words in the Germanic languages were not fully proved. Officially, and according to the Etymological dictionary of Ukrainian "тримати" belongs to these kind of words which are different from the Standard Russian and exist in the same time in Polish but are not borrowed from Polish or "via Polish" unlike such words as "цікавий", "лічити" or the "рахувати" (the latter is of the German origin). It is inherited from the Proto-Slavic. 2) The Russian "отыметь" originated from the Proto-Slavic "*jmeti", which is indirectly and with the word-ancestors' grammar dfferences related to the Ukrainian "мати" ("to have") which originated from the Proto-Slavic "* jmati".
@@polyglotdreams As for the possibility of easy understanding by a Russian the word "отримати" even in relatively clear context it does not seem that it can be so easy. And it needs the linguistic experiments which are often carried on by the Dutch and German linguists. It is because the percent of basic vovel-consonant sound changes between "тримати" and "отыметь" in relation to the sonds' number of the longest of two words is pretty large - 50%. And even more because the stress pattern change in the words' syllables may be defined as a serious phonetic change. And there is surprisal change in the first syllables. These rules affect intelligibility of all genuine cognates, partial cognates, oblique cognates "false cohnates" and "false friends with the close mèaning". In the case of the latter group, the situation is worsened by the possibility of a confusion or the "third" alternative translation in the sufficiently not clear context (sentence").
As a Russian, who've never visited Ukraine I can say I can easily realise about 90-95% of Ukraine language (both oral and written) With Western or Southern Slavic languages situation with WAY more difficult. For example, when I hear slow and clear Polish speech I can understand about 50-70% and almost nothing if I am leastening to fast speech. That is to say, when I hear about great difference between Russian and Ukrainian I feel that this ideas were uttered just for POLITICAL REASONS (I agree some vocabulary wise difference is exists, but grammar and pronounciation is almost the same) P.S.: I know some people for my words call me fascist or whatever, but I just don't care.
@polyglotdreams not yet. You are right in order to judge objectively about whole video I have to watch it from start to finish. I wrote my previous comment just after watching first 3 min 😂😂😂. So, now I will proceed, really hope my final impression turn to better 😊
Чи ви впевнені, що чули справжню українську мову? Я усе життя прожив в Україні і досить добре володію мовою, але не розумію 95% :) До речі, в Україні існує ДЕКІЛЬКА українських мов, не рахуючи діалектів.
Well, I used to have a friend from the West Carpathia area (which once was a part of Czechoslovakia) and he was truly able to understand any Slavic language and spoke many of them without problems. He mentioned that he was also watching all kinds of nearby countries TV shows since he was small, too. BTW, your translation of "Kolik řečí umíš, tolikrát jsi člověkem" is an interesting one, did not see it like that, but valid still, I guess (I personally would not leave out the word human in it, as for me it describes learning languages like a mission for humanity, every time you learn a new one, you become a new human being....). And we Czechs respect Slovak as language, though they are also very similar and mutually intelligible.
the so-called “Russian” is a colonial dialect of the old Ukrainian (Ruthenian/Rus’) language. The first Russian dictionary by Vladimir Dal says as much, it is titled “the greater Rus’ dialect of the Rus’ language”.
While there are historical arguments and perspectives regarding the development of the East Slavic languages, it is linguistically and historically inaccurate to categorize Russian as a dialect of Ukrainian or vice versa. Both languages, along with Belarusian, have evolved from the Old East Slavic language and have been shaped by unique historical and cultural influences, leading to their recognition as distinct languages in the modern era. The development of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian languages was influenced by various factors, including migration, conquests, and cultural exchanges. These languages share a common ancestor but have evolved differently based on regional influences. For example, Ukrainian (historically referred to as Ruthenian in its early stages) has been significantly influenced by Polish and other languages due to historical political unions and cultural exchanges. Vladimir Dal's work is an important historical document, but it should be interpreted within its historical and linguistic context. The title referencing the "greater Rus’ dialect of the Rus’ language" reflects the linguistic perceptions and classifications of the time. Dal's work primarily focused on the Russian language but acknowledged the shared linguistic heritage of the East Slavic languages. Today, Ukrainian and Russian are recognized as distinct languages, each with its own standard form, grammar, vocabulary, and literary tradition. While they share a common historical root and have similarities due to their close relationship, calling one a dialect of the other oversimplifies their complex historical development and current linguistic status.
@@polyglotdreams I never said it is the dialect of modern Ukrainian, it’s a dialect of medieval Ukrainian (Ruthenian/Rus' language). I do agree with you. But originally it was the Rus' that colonised the various Finnic lands that today form the core of the modern so called “Russia”. The Rus' (Medieval Ukrainians) brought their language to the ancestors of modern Russians, it’s like with the English and American English, except if the natives didn’t go anywhere and simply stated speaking English, then later started insisting they are the actual English & that England belongs to them. It’s absurd is it not? But yet, the colony became the metropolis and gradually took over the Rus' heritage, calling it "rightfully theirs"
i'm not learned russian and ukrainian cause native to both. what u say about belorussian is completely wrong imho where phonetically it is close to russian than ukrainian but lexically is not
It’s true that Belarusian shares significant features with both Ukrainian and Russian, and the nature of its closeness to each can depend on whether we're considering phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, or even historical and regional dialects. While phonetic similarities might make Belarusian seem closer to Russian for some, a deeper look into the lexicon, grammar, and historical development shows significant areas of closeness with Ukrainian. The perception of similarity can also vary greatly depending on individual exposure and the specific dialects or language forms one is most familiar with. Language is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and its study often reveals a tapestry of influences and relationships that challenge simple categorizations. Phonetics and Pronunciation: Phonetically, some might find Belarusian closer to Russian, possibly due to certain pronunciation features and the influence of Russian media and language policies in Belarus. The pronunciation of certain vowels and consonants can indeed make Belarusian sound more similar to Russian for some listeners. Vocabulary (Lexicon): Lexically, Belarusian and Ukrainian share a substantial number of common words that are not found in Russian or significantly differ in Russian. This is partly due to the historical development of these languages and their geographical proximity, which facilitated cross-influences, especially from Polish and Lithuanian, which have also impacted Belarusian and Ukrainian more than Russian. The lexical similarities between Belarusian and Ukrainian often underscore their shared heritage and cultural ties. Grammar: In terms of grammar, Belarusian and Ukrainian again share certain features that are distinct from Russian. This includes aspects of verb conjugation, noun declension, and the use of the vocative case, which is present in both Belarusian and Ukrainian but largely absent in modern Russian. Historical and Cultural Context: Historically, the East Slavic languages have evolved from common origins, with Old East Slavic as a common ancestor. Over time, geopolitical, cultural, and social changes have influenced the development of these languages in different directions. Belarusian, being geographically situated between Russian and Ukrainian-speaking areas, has been influenced by both but has also retained its unique features.
Seems to me you are comparing standard bog-standard Russian with bog-standard standard Ukrainian. If you do that, you will see big differences - obviously, But what if you compare dialects spoken on each side of the Russian/Ukrainian border. Surely they will be one hell of a lot closer. I say there is a language continuum. This point was lost in the video.
I'm afraid, there is no more language continuum at the border, the dialects are mostly dead now (especially in Russia; in Ukraine, they partly survived in some mountainous areas), it's surzhik which is often spoken on both sides of the border (a mixture of the two languages, not a dialect).
The statistics regarding the lexical similarity between Russian and Ukrainian seems dodgy. As a Russian speaker I recognise well over 90% of Ukrainian vocabulary. In the 5 examples you gave in 2:50 Russian and Ukrainian are identical in meaning and nearly identical in spelling and pronunciation, as opposed to Polish that had different meanings.
In my honest opinion (as a Pole) Belarusian is far more understandable than Ukrainian. Moreover, with basics in Russian I understand probably more this language than Ukrainian
Thank you for this video. This work is very important. In this time the Russians destroy not only our theritory, but our identity. Russian trolls are everywhere and they try to do everything possible to show the western public, that our language doesn't exist, it's just a dialect and it is not important. Knowing Ukrainian opened me the door to understanding Russian, Belorussian, Polish and Slovak. It's a very nice experience. But for understanding all of these language I should have read many old literature with some archaic words, that aren't in Ukrainian anymore, but still exist in the other languages.
I assume unique ukranian word "звiт" share the russian root "вод" as many words in ukranian in stead of russian "o" have "i", also sounds s/z share t/d the meaning that concludes to russian word "свод", "сводка" a part of report, where "вы - вод" is conclusion
The Ukrainian word "звiт" (zvit) does bear some resemblance to the Russian word "свод" (svod), meaning "a compilation" or "a summary," Thank you for sharing.
@@polyglotdreams From etymology dictionary: Звіт - це новий термін офіційно-ділової мови, утворений як семантичний відповідник до рос. отчёт з основи -віт, наявної в приві́т, одві́т, запові́т, відвіча́ти
@@polyglotdreams "Звіт" - officially came from the etymological root "віт" which is present in the Standard Ukrainian "привіт" (cognate with the Russian "привет" "hi!", "greetings") and the Ukrainian Ukrainian dialectal "одвіт" ( which is cognate with the Russian "ответ", "an answear"). The Russian "сводка" (which has a partial cognate "зведення" in Ukrainian) came from the different root which is (directly or indirectly present the Ukrainian words "вести" and водити" ("ride to", "to lead"). "Звіт" has alien preffix to "ответ" ("з" vs "при" or "от"). So, these words are the "partial cognates with the different meanings" between each other Any words with different (even very close) meanings are not "similar" vocabulary but the "different" vocabulary. The exception is the diffetence between simple and the diminutive form of a word (like "John" and "Johny" and in the inter-language case they are Rus. "река" (river) and Ukr. "річка" which was initially diminutive of the word "ріка" but later it became simple and basic form. As it was said by the prominent U.S. linguists Isidore Dyеn & Co. just cognates of the same meaning are "similar vocabulary". And it is the same about the 38% the Russian-Ukrainian and 48% English-German lexical distances by professor Kostiantyn Tyshchenko.
I’m from UA, my mother tongue is russian though. I’m writing it small because of the ru imperialistic aggression. I stand with UA. As somebody who speaks both UA und ru, let me tell you that these are different languages. All Ukrainians can speak russian and almost no russian speaks Ukrainian and just a few understand it properly. Ukrainian is also closer to BY and PL.
Nu, faktično i taky slova kak hlopec czy malevať i mnogy iny, ktory avtor odnose do UkraInskej leksike, tež jestvujut v Ruskom, ale često maju arhaiczny kolor. Ale pogardlivy, kak malevat', napriklad. 😅😅
@@polyglotdreams O jakem-to vlivu ukrainskogo jezika na suvremeny Rusky tverđity težko, zgleduje, že ukrainsko pismo javilo'se oficijno samo potem revolùcý. Polsky mal silny vliv na literaturny Rusky v 17-19 vekax pri tom nje samo leksično, no gramatično tež. Za to ruska gramatika stala ne niže komplikovana od polskoj. Pred tim ruska gramatika bila, sudimo za oficijny dokumenty, više podobna do bulgarskoj. V 20 veku ovo vlije juž praktično zniklo. Teraz samo anglicky vlije na rusky, ale dosta ograničeno. Mnogy anglicky slova, hocz i massivno vošly v Rusky, ale zostaly na slengovom urovnù.
@@dmitriysmirnov9084А російське офіційне письмо коли з'явилось? Хіба не після революції? Так само, як і українське. І вплив польської мови на українську перебільшений
@@ЄвгенійПанасенко-н2к Od Vizantý kroz bulgarskix cerkovnikov. A suvremeny alfabet od Petra i golandcev.Posle revolùcý bolševiky làko go zmenily, ale osnova zostala.
@@dmitriysmirnov9084 Не від Петра. Подивись російські газети 19 ст і подивись на сучасні, там багато пишеться не так. Тільки після революції росіяни почали писати як зараз
No. Ukrainian is an East Slavic Language but it has borrowed vocabulary from Polish. I think Polish is the transitional zone between East and West. Whether Russian and Ukrainian are the same language depends on semantics. Standard Ukrainians has many polish loanwords while standard Russian has Church Slavonic loan words if your metric is mutual intelligibly then they're different languages. However the grammar between Russian and Ukrainian is ~98% the same so from a grammar POV, they are dialects of the same language (east slavic); belorussian too.
@@polyglotdreams 1. Ukrainian is not a link between Russian and Polish since Ukrainian because Ukrainian is still an east Slavic language, it's not in-between east and west. 2 That Ukrainian is NOT a separate language from Russian. If you know Russian, Ukrainian or Belorussian then the grammar between them is 98% the same so all 3 are dialects of east Slavic rather than true separate language.
Kyiv Rus and Russia have as much in common as Austria and Australia. The fact is that Russia was formed from the MOSCOWY KINGDOM and then stole the name of Kyiv Rus when it weakened to create a myth about a single nation of MOSCOWY and Ukraine
@@polyglotdreamsNo. Russia doesn't come from the same source. Do France, Germany and Italy come from the same source? But there was one kingdom of the Franks. It's territory was in France, Germany and part Italy. So? Do modern Germans, the French and Italians say that they are from one source. Rus is the analogy of the Kingdom of the Franks
dear world please stop name moscow's lands as russia because it's an illegal naming as "russians" name themself. Rus has always been in the context of Ukraine because Ukraine it's just modern name of Rus
@@polyglotdreams your distinguishing is incorrect. In case when you call yourself as Russian that exactly means you are from Rus and not "Russia". Foreigns translate russians from ruskiye (рускіє - as nowadays "russians" name themself in "russian") BUT it's wrong! Because origionally Russian - русин and рускій - like-russian. Natively speaking you cannot to call the nationality as an adjective what "russians" do. They have built "russian empire" also by stealing the name (what they do all the time). And they created what you call russian language artificially based on Ukranian and Bulgarian. Ukraine has brought education and culture to "russian empire". And how long we have been trying to prove that "Kiev is incorrect and it's Kyiv", "Князь Volodymyr and NOT Vladimir" etc. They had been caught us to be the part of Europe. All I want to say that the treatment of the world to "russia" is absolutely mistaken
@@polyglotdreamsA part of European Russian territory was under control of Rus, but it doesn't mean that russia comes from Rus. It like modern Romania, which was a province of the Roman Empire. So is Romania from Rome? No. But the name is similar
You are wrong! I am native speaker of Ukrainian (Galician variety) and can say that Ukrainian is much closer to Slovakian and Polish than to damn language of rUssians!
Did you actually watch the video? I can understand your emotions but your statement does not reflect what is shown in the video. I didn't say it was closer to Russian.
@@polyglotdreams! yes, I did! I speak fluent Ukrainian, Polish and damned language of Moscovy (slightly modernized Solunina dialect of Old Bolgarian aka Old Charch Slavonic). I also understand Slovenčina and Ḉeștina, thus I know what I am talking about!
@@polyglotdreams Ukrainian has only 43% of the common features with the damned language of Moscovy, 85 % with Belarus, 75% with Polish Slovakian (depending on the Ukrainian dialect) and 70 % with the Slovak language.
I am from the Netherlands and if I got a euro for every time someone told me: "if you speak German, you basically speak Dutch, trust me." I would be rich. I imagine it is kind of the same for Ukraine. The fact that it sounds the same at first doesn't mean it is the same. XD
Yes, I strongly agree. Though knowing German helps in learning Dutch. BTW I speak Afrikaans better than Dutch because in RSA Afrikaners love to help me practice... I wish it were the same in the Netherlands.
Very good comment! Common words don't mean full understanding.
How well do you understand German? :)
Slavic languages in general are WAY closer to each other then Germanic. For example, Russian has much more in common with Czech and Bulgarian then English with German
True, but I think this wrong notion about closeness of Russian and Ukrainian languages is even stronger than that, especially in minds of many Russians. Likely because vast majority of Ukrainians are bilingual and can speak both Ukrainian and Russian so whenever Russian was talking to Ukrainian, he indeed was exposed to Russian with some Ukrainian accent, not Ukrainian language.
And also because this view has also been encouraged and solidified by past russification policies of Russian Empire and later Soviet Union where Ukrainian was often times even banned as an language of education, media or state institutions and even the idea of national unity between them promoted. We can see that even today in Russian propaganda, e.g. when Putin published his infamous essay "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" which seemingly in his mind legitimizes his brutal aggression.
I believe.
One reason why so many Russians think that Ukrainian is really just a dialect is that they confuse Surzhyk with actual Ukrainian. Many Surzhyk varieties are really just Russian with Ukrainian pronunciation and some vocabulary.
That's a very important observation... thanks
Yes.. that’s true! When I moved to Romania everybody from Moldova told that they understand Ukrainian. So, but when I started talking real clear Ukrainian their opinion changed. Now they say that that don’t understand. I think it because many of them never didn’t hear clear Ukrainian!
Nuh, it's just their imperialistic chauvinism.
@@Omnigreenit’s interconnected
Not correct. Surzhyk is basically Ukrainian but with usage of some amount of Russian lexics but with transformation of Russian words according to Ukrainian phonetic and morphological features. It is still considered as Ukrainian but in its Russified form.
You can hardy find a Surzhyk based on Russian - usually only among Russians who live among Ukrainians and use Ukrainian words here and there (but this is very rare phenomenon).
There are also a lot of Ukrainian dialects that can be wrongly treated as Surzhyk because they have some words similar to Russian words. But they used those words from the very start. That is the main difference. Surzhyk is when people who used to speak in one way start using unusual lexics in several generations. Dialect is when people who used to speak in one way continue speaking this way. The another trait of Surzhyk - it differs from person to person. So when you hear all people in the region using the same word this is most likely dialectism.
I am Ukrainian and my native language is Ukrainian, but I can write and speak Russian easily. But Ukrainian sounds very different from Russian. And yes, having lived for 1.5 years in the Czech Republic and having studied their language a little more, I can say that if you try, you can understand any Slavic language.
Yes, thank you... did you watch this video?
ua-cam.com/video/xJus76uqQl4/v-deo.htmlsi=4YmS_9HkrwtfDNwm
I watched it and i love it i am from Ukraine 🇺🇦 @@polyglotdreams
I don't understand Ukrainian at all as a Czech and I can't really distinguish it from Russian. I don't like all those so-called polyglots who say "learn slavic language XY and you will understand all of them" it's nonsense and these people are fake polyglots. Ofcourse Ukrainian is slightly closer than Russian, but in some cases it's actually vice versa and sentence is more similar in Russian, so it's completely random, you can't say that Ukrainian will help you with understanging Czech and I would say that Ukrainians who really speak Ukrainian have even stronger "eastern accent" than Russians, which complicates things even more.
But I guess Ukrainian will help you with Polish a lot.
@@Pidalin You can always test the theory about understanding any Slavic language by knowing more than one.
Ako razumiš ovo šta sad pišem bez ikakvih problema onda možda i teorija o sveopćem razumijevanju slavenskih jezika i je zapravo istina, medjutim ako ti triba Google prijevod onda možda i ta teorija i nije istina.
Ja mislim da prije i nije istina nego je, pa ipak znanje dva slavenska jezika može pomoći u komunikaciji između različitih govornika slavenskih jezika.
@@Pidalinyou are right about "that's not universal language"
And wrong about Ukrainian helping understand polish ( i cant understand polish,coz they unlogical and many contant song's "at the rove"....all that's dz, ch,jhch....gzjhc... that's crazy.
Czechian and others it's more close to Ukrainian
I leave 16 years in Ukraine, i'm from Moldova, my parents was speaking Russian, i ended school in Russian and my university as well in Russian (in Moldova 2 official languages Russian and Romanian) Of cause i know Romanian as well fluent, and got good knowledge of UK English, after university i worked in USA company few years and my english was growing to a very good level too.
So at 23 years i was a person who can speak and write 3 very different languages (i'm not a professional, but they have absolutely different grammar and words base, so believe me i had a lot of pain in my childhood! :)
At 23 i was moving to Kyiv, and started to live in Ukraine with my wife. In 100% cases people talked to me Russian, so i did not have any need to learn Ukranian. But i did not understood it at all! It was the same as any other foreign unknown language! I was not able to get sense from any big sentence, or long speech! I did not understand TV shows or movies, it was absolutely impossible for me to understand Ukranian speaking people, and one time i was talking in English from one guy from west Ukraine who really did not know Russian, and was not able to get the fool value of my words. Ukranian for me was the same hard as any other Slavik language, and believe me, if you understand 2 words from 7 words it give you nothing :)
Now i fluent speak and understand Ukranian, and not bad can understand and speak Polish. Hope my story will help to somebody. Ukranian and Russian are like Holland, Sweedish, Dutch and German, they looks similar, but i'm sure that they are not :)
Thanks for sharing your valuable experience.
graduated, not "ended" LOL, ... Didn't readt further this
@@potestasetdecus How close minded can you be to not know that some people don't speak perfect English
@@zer-atop3032 Less than you are. A1 is not a "perfect" level
@@potestasetdecus Ok but where did he say he had perfect English? Maybe you need to learn English
As to draw/paint in Ukrainian, there are actually several words with different neanings: малювати/maliuvaty (to depict smth), креслити/kreslyty (to make technical drawings), and фарбувати/farbuvaty (to cover smth with a paint).
Similarly in Polish :)
Thank you for that observation.
It seems that the distinction is described well in the video. In Polish there are very similar words and their meaning is mostly the same: rysować - to draw (with a pencil, crayons etc) malować - to paint (with paint) kreślić - to sketch or to make technical drawings. There is also farbować which means to tint or to dye.
Малювати то від німецького malen що означає рИсувати і це слово рисувати,привласнили москалі.
Рисувати- наносити риси звідсіля риси вдачі. Російською- чєрти характєра.
Фарбувати comes from German “Farbe” - Colour.
Wow, I'm always impressed with your profound knowledge in term of linguistic. Thank you for sharing Sir
Thank you for your interest in my videos.
Ďakuju za ce video 💙
Thanks for this video 💛
Thanks 🙏
I'm Polish and I lived with eastern Ukrainian roommates for several months. They considered Russian to be their native language but also spoke Ukrainian. As I spoke neither Russian nor Ukrainian and they didn't speak English or Polish, we used to communicate by tossing synonyms at each other until we found a shared one. As time went by I had quite a bit of their vocabulary memorised, but only later did I realise that I had no idea which language all the words that I had learned actually belonged to. Come to think of it they might have been speaking surjik too and I wouldn't have even known. The end result is that I can't distinguish between the two languages to save my life unless it's in writing. The vocabulary shared with Polish doesn't even help because I expect both of these to have some vaguely eastern-sounding cognates of Polish words and I never know how much is too much for it to be Russian. I feel like I'll continue to be screwed unless I actually properly learn the languages, separately
Интересная история)
С суржиком всё ожидаемо. Часть русских слов совпадает с польским, как и часть украинских. Для увеличения понимания украинцы говорили на суржике.
Tossing synonyms at each other lmao. I've tried this with a Turkish guy once. Eventually gave up, shook hands, said salaam and left 😂
Once you start studying properly all that knowledge will help you.
Суржик doesn't have its own words.
@@fire6328 Спасибо за ваш комментарий! Действительно, суржик, смесь русского и украинского языков, может облегчить общение между поляками и украинцами, учитывая сходство некоторых русских и украинских слов с польскими. Это интересный аспект межкультурного общения, который показывает, как языковые перекрестки могут способствовать лучшему взаимопониманию между людьми разных национальностей.
You are amazing! And totally right about Slovak language being a Slavic Esperanto and a bridge between Western and Eastern Slavic languages
Thank you so much for the encouragement.
Here's some input from the insider:
Viktoria Ballova
I am Slovak from Eastern Slovakia. Both grandmothers spoke official Slovak only with difficulties, their mother language was a Šariš dialect close to Polish. My parents still speak between themselves and with neighbours Šariš dialect (village of Kráľovce near Košice, traditionally bordering between Šariš region and Abov region). Today, I am giving classes of Slovak language to Ukrainian refugees. My Šariš language experience helps a lot in understanding Ukrainian too!
Thanks so much for sharing that.
@@marians7364 At the end of 19th century, people of the future Slovakia were not "people in Slovakia" but subjects in Austrian Empire - a brooder of political nations in the East Europe since 1848, like Czech, Slovaks, Poles, Russians, Bulgarians, Romanians, Hungarians, Serbs, Croatians and other smaller Slovenians etc.
As a native speaker of both Russian and Ukrainian, I would estimate the lexical similarity between the two languages to be around 75-80%. The cited 62% lexical similarity seems much too low. Do you have a reference to a specific study that provides this statistic? Could you also comment on the study's reliability?
It's important to note that Russian and Ukrainian have complex but almost identical grammatical structures. This aspect should not be underestimated. While lexical similarity indicates shared vocabulary, grammatical structure plays an even more significant role in determining how closely related languages are. Due to their very similar grammar, native Russian speakers can often achieve a native or near native level of proficiency in Ukrainian relatively quickly like few months with focused study. This is because the primary challenge lies in acquiring new vocabulary, estimated to be around 300-500 words.
In my experience watching Polish videos, I would estimate the lexical similarity between Polish and Ukrainian to be around 65-70%, and between Russian and Polish to be around 55-60%. Additionally, Polish grammatical structure seems quite different from both Ukrainian and Russian.
Have you done a search yet about the lexical similarity? Please do and see what you think of the various sources.
Да, эта цифра кочует от блогера к блогеру, неизвестно из какого источника. В одном из видео говорилось, что 62% взяли из сравнительного анализа .... топонимов Украины и России.
@@dmitrychoobise Автор сам политизирован и вольно обращается с материалом. Что такое украинский язык? Есть ли единый украинский язык? Почему украинцы запада и востока не понимают друг друга? Ну, а главный вопрос в том, что если кот это кiт, то как, тогда кит!
@@polyglotdreams As a Ukrainian I can say that you are right about the linguistic similarity. Don't pay attention to the Russians who leave ugly comments. The current linguistic problems come from the historical problems of the russian myth created when Muscovy became an empire and later renamed its country to highlight European roots and not Asian ones. That is, the two nations are fighting for primogeniture, to whom the people of Rus (or Ruthenia in Latin) really belongs, which from the Ukrainian point of view the Muscovites stole from our history. I would like to see a video about the similarities between Russian and Bulgarian. Although modern Bulgarian has evolved into an analytical language, it shares a lot of vocabulary with Russian. It explains that the ancestors of Russians largely spoke Hungarian-Finnish languages and that when they adopted Church Slavonic, they adopted it almost "entirely", while other countries of the Orthodox Church were only influenced by Church Slavonic and have local synonyms. Thanks!
@@oleksandrtarasyuk3023 so Russians are blue eyed blond "asians" who stole Ukrainian culture. Interesting ideology they have out there in western Ukraine.
As a native Ukrainian speaker, I say some interesting feature of my language: How word write, you read same. All letters have specific sound, and in most cases don't chandes. Russian have changing letters with "o" that sometimes read like "a". Also we have large variations of emphasis. There can be 1 word that mean 2 different items , for example: За́мок and Замо́к (Zamok). First mean: Castle, Second mean: Lock, like door lock or padlock.
Yes, Russian, unlike other Slavic languages, and like English, has a lot of vowel reduction.
In Slovak we have just zámok and it means castle and lock too🙂
"How word write, you read same."
Not always but very often. Compare "я" in the word "яблоня".
@@tomasvolko9944 That's interesting
@@tomasvolko9944 the same with Polish :) Even the word sounds similarly: zamek.
It was amazing to learn so much about these languages through your video.
Thanks for letting me know!
Hello Tim ! Thanks for your comprehensive explanations ! Your accurate analysis reminds me of my Russian linguistics professor at Sorbonne University. I mostly studied Russian myself but I started to mix it up with Czech when I minored in Czech back then. I also tried to learn some Polish and Ukrainian later on but it was so confusing that I eventually gave up. Otherwise, have you ever heard about Interslavic or studied it ? Maybe it will be worth a new video from you to complete your serie upon Slavic languages 😉.
Thank you! My pleasure. Yes, I know of Interslavic and have listened to it as well as read it. It is quite easy to understand for any speaker of a Slavic language.
11:50 just a little correction - in Slovak "prajem si" derives from "Priať si" (wishing), not "Prať si". "Prať si ..." would mean "Washing one's ... [item]".
LOL thank you that was a typo
Are you saying he's wishy-washy?
Thank you for opening the Slavic world to Westeners! I'm Ukrainian and I highly appreciate your dedication!
It's my great pleasure I love Slavic languages
It's always impressive the amount of work you put on these videos. I literally learn more here than anywhere else when it's about languages. Thanks Tim!! Muito obrigado
I appreciate that! Muito obrigado!
9:14 this word has a direct cognate with Polish word 'otrzymać' also meaning 'to receive' or 'to obtain' and it would sound natural used in the Polish sentence example.
Thanks
I'm Polish and have a Ukrainian wife. We understand each other quite well with little effort in our respective native languages. However, I also speak Russian and learned some Ukrainian to bridge the gap, though it wasn't difficult.
Those 2 languages really help in understanding Ukrainian
7:21 Russian actually has the word малевать(malevatj), it also has the meaning of to paint, but more like to doodle.
9:10
In Russian I'd say "стипендия"(stipendija). Грант just means grant.
15:10 In russian we also use лекарь(lekarj), but it sounds more folkish and, i think, closer to English "healer" than "doctor". "Доктор"(doctor) is also an option, it's very common.
19:24 We also say "утвердить"(utverditj). And there's a word "рапорт"(raport) which is close to polish one. It is used in military, but also in business speech.
да, есть такое)
Thanks so much for the helpful input.
@@polyglotdreams Thank you, I like your videos👍
For example in Slovak we have too učiť sa with similiar meaning to študovať and in 90% cases it mean the same.
Yes, as you mentioned, they can mean the same in 90% of cases, but there might be specific instances where one is more appropriate than the other due to nuances in the level or type of education being referred to. I did point out that the other languages have cognates with študovať .
Big like for the extra effort for pronouncing the words right. Your pronounciation was great !
Old east Slavic is a debatable topic, because Soviets used power to change history in favor of Russian-based original language, and there is indeed a common source of multiple languages that has a continuity of dialects. After a deep research, by Sheveliov, we can for sure say that there are no evidence whatsoever that this common language existed a mere 1000 years ago. It doesn't mean that people didn't understand each other, cause as you've mentioned Slavic languages have strong connection and related.
But it's such a cliche to measure historical processes according to modern political formations and their relations to the definition of common vs different languages.
Take German as example, there was no Germany to call a language German, and 35 dialects(now) somehow resemble the situation back than. Should we call it a continuum, should we draw the line, or unify?
Yes, Slavic languages can be viewed as a dialect continuum.
Completely agree. Russia uses mythical "Old East Slavic unity" as a tool to explain why they should capture our lands ("we all were Russians - and it's time to return to Russian roots"). In fact the tribes that lived on the territory controlled by Rus' were of different origin. E.g. according to the chronicle Vyatichs and Radimichs were originally Lechitic tribes from Polish lands. Old Novgorod language originally had unique features (some even say of its West Slavic origins) and later was Ruthenised for centuries (this can be seen if we compare birch barks from different epochs). And Muscovy was originally settled by Finno-Ugric tribes at all, only having Slavic nobility in big cities.
Languages/dialects of the territory controlled by Rus' evolved separately until they came under influence of Old Ruthenian (language of Kyiv) for about 200 years. That is when all those languages (due to Kyivan influence, lack of other influences and Orthodox religion) preserved/gained s similar features that are now called East Slavic. Later when Kyivan influence disappeared those languages continued evolving separately.
I really like these language comparison videos. Very interesting!
Glad you like them! I find them very interesting to do too.
I live in Russia, but my father is Ukrainian. What's interesting about Ukrainian is that, for example, unlike Bulgarian, it has grammar that is almost identical to Russian. Also, unlike other Slavic languages, its Swadesh word list is also almost identical to Russian, with just 1-3% difference depending on how you count. Colloquial language in general is also very similar. I can watch Ukrainian videos on UA-cam on general household topics with hardly any problems. The key issue is abstract vocabularly (often not very commonly used colloquially) , which in Ukrainian is under a major Polish influence. So overall, up to a third of all Ukrainian words have cognates in Polish and not Russian. Also, for political reasons the current official Ukrainian often prefers lexical dialectal variations that have more borrowings from Polish. For example, musyty instead of povynen or maty (must), diakuju instead of spasybi (thanks) , etc. Polish itself is much more difficult for Russians to understand, mostly because of sound shifts, so cognates aren't recognised soon enough.
Interesting, thank you for sharing your experiences and perspective.
Ти повторюєш російські методички. В українській мові немає такої кількості полонізмів. Може ти чув суржик, тому ти так добре розумів
@@ЄвгенійПанасенко-н2к Здравствуйте! Можно провести объективный эксперимент. Возьмите любое древнерусское произведение, например, Слово о полку Игореве, можно Галицкую летопись, что угодно. Положите рядом перевод на современный русский и на современный украинский. Для примера через Гугл переведите это же на польский. Будет сразу заметно, что в целом у русского текста будет больше общих слов с древнерусским, чем будет у украинского. У украинского текста существенная часть слов будет совпадать с польским, но не с древнерусским - то есть будут полонизмы. Сами так сделайте, если не верите.
Для объективности в русском, например, есть заимствования из татарского. Но большинство - это архаичные исторические термины типа "ясак" или "алтын". Из современных слов реально часто в быту используется только "деньги".
Хорошего Вам дня.
В украинском дякую,единственная правильная форма,а спасыби,магазын, вертолит,останивка и т д это суржик,искаженные слова.
@@sergeyKN115 Вы подтверждаете мои слова о политизированности тенденций современного украинского языка. Спасибi - традиционное украинское слово, имеется в словарях, в том числе этимологических. Имеет древнерусское происхождение от "спаси Богъ". Очевидно, такова мода, любое сходство с русскими, даже происходящее от предков, механически записывать в "суржик", "советизацию" "россификацию" и т. д. Колористий, швидкий, праця, видимо, чисто славянские слова.
If you dive deep to Slovak dialects you can find even closer relationship with Ukrainian language. And in every language you can say the same thing different way and very often the multilanguage translator doesn't reflect this fact. I understand Polish, Ukrainian and Russian too so I can say Slovak sentences sounding much more closer to Polish and Ukrainian than declared ration.
Absolutely, the relationship between Slovak, Ukrainian, and Polish can be quite close, particularly when considering regional dialects and the historical interactions among these groups. Dialects, especially those spoken near borders or in regions with mixed ethnic histories, often preserve linguistic features and vocabulary that reflect a shared heritage and can make them sound more similar to neighboring languages.
And, yes, in this type of comparison I have to deal with the choices made how to express the same idea when each course was made.
I'm from Moldova, but from the childhood I start to understand 3 languages at once Romanian, Russian and Ukrainian from the TV channels which I still have today, even if I speak Romanian as a native language, I can also speak Ukrainian and Russian.
That's great that you had such a multilingual experience from childhood.
I noticed that the app uses different types of transliteration\latinization for russian and ukrainian, for russian it uses slavic letters with caron on top while for ukrainian it's transliteration based on english - sh, ch, y (sometimes j though, which is inconsistent), and that's stupid, app should use one type for both languages, preferably slavic letters one. As a ukrainian I wish we someday adopt latin (latynka) as a seconds alphabet to avoid things like this. Great video btw, you such an expert in this, hope to see more slavic related video from you :)
Thanks for the suggestion. I will pass thar information on to the people at Ling.
@@polyglotdreams thanks, and thank you for creating great content :)
Very interesting comparative video which shows that a lot of everyday stuff is mutually intelligible in these languages (more so on paper than when spoken when additional factors come into play).
And you’ve got a feeling a different choice of words is possible here and there which would make them even more comprehensible. I know for sure it’s true for some of the Polish examples.
Some 10-15 years ago I watched a weekly news segment for the Ukrainian minority called „Nowyny” aired by the public Polish TV regional branch at Lublin (yes, the title was written that way; in Polish it would be „Nowiny”. By the way, it’d be interesting to know whether Ukraine was making similar TV segment for the Poles living in Ukraine) and granted the featured people’s Ukrainian pronunciation was somewhat touched by Polish which made it easier to grasp for Polish speakers, you'd find yourself scratching your head hard as to why Polish subtitles would be screened all along - there was no need for that as almost everything was comprehensible.
I’ve come to experience that when a person from the west of Ukraine doesn’t speak too rapidly or under their breath then a lot can be understood, a whole lot. (However, I have a few years’ worth of Russian classes in primary school under my belt so that surely helps there as well.) The Ukrainian pronunciation and cadence in the video do not come from the west of the country though, do they? It doesn’t sound harsh enough for my Polish ears.
Isn’t the root for the Ukrainian word „звіт” the same as that of Polish „zwiad” (‘reconnaissence, scouting’) and Russian „разведка” (‘intelligence, reconnaissence, scouting’)? Although the latter two do not denote a ‘report’ you can see how they all have come to mean what they do.
Thank you for your insightful comment. It's fascinating to hear about your experiences with the mutual intelligibility of Slavic languages, particularly in the context of Polish and Ukrainian. Your observations about the newscast "Nowyny" underscore how shared linguistic roots and cross-border cultural influences can enhance understanding, even making subtitles seem unnecessary at times.
As for similar programming in Ukraine for the Polish minority, there have been various initiatives over the years to cater to Poland's cultural and linguistic heritage within Ukraine. The availability and consistency of such content has varied and may not have been as widespread as the offering you described in Poland.
Regarding the pronunciations and cadences from different regions, it's true that the dialects of Western Ukraine often share more similarities with Polish, which can make them more accessible to Polish speakers. The nuances of regional speech, including intonation and pace, can significantly affect comprehensibility.
Lastly, regarding the word "звіт," while it might share conceptual space with Polish "zwiad" and Russian "разведка," in terms of etymology, it has a distinct root more directly associated with reporting or accounting. However, the conceptual evolution you've described-how words related to gathering or scouting information have come to be used in the context of reports-is an excellent example of the dynamic nature of language development. It's a reminder of how terms can shift and evolve to meet the communicative needs of a language community.
@@polyglotdreamsNo, thank YOU for creating the video and taking time to reply at length!
Well, I can’t state with certainty whether my compatriots living in Ukraine have enjoyed likewise treatment with regard to a periodic TV newscast in our language (I’m hoping someone has some detailed knowledge on that). However, knowing the Banderites from their past and present doings and being aware of their ideology, I wouldn’t count on reciprocity on their part that much, not even in execution of treaties signed. But considering the topic of the video that’s generally neither here nor there, sorry.
Discovering and studying these linguistic relations is fascinating and fun.
Admittedly, I may have a skewed understanding of what „roots” mean in English linguistic parlance but my train of thought with „звіт”, „zwiad” and „разведка” was exactly what you’ve broken it down.
Talking about intelligence services and foreign languages, I think I may never memorize the German cognate for intelligence service well enough. The word „Nachrichtendienst” has got that fixed meaning in German, yet each time I see the „Bundesnachrichtendienst” (BND) mentioned I think of some federal press agency first. It takes me some extra 2-3 seconds to realize I can’t go down the „Wortzusammensetzung” path and simply put the words „Nachrichten” + „Dienst” together and go with the result. „Whaaaat, a «lieutenant colonel»?! Why would a BND journalist hold such military rank?! Is he merely moonlighting as a… Wait! Ah dammit, I’ve forgotten it again!”
Is here anybody who has ever been learning Ukrainian?
Me😄 it's a beautiful language, similar to mine (Slovak)
I have :-)
Me, as well :D
I’m its native speaker
@tereziaocenasova83A language cannot be beautiful)) since beauty is assessed by sight, and languages can be pleasant to the ear or melodic)
Доброго дня, Тим! С вашего позволения сделаю ремарку про пару "іспит-испит" 8:37 . Русское слово "испит"(краткая форма причастия "испитый" ) имеет значение выпит до дна, а украинское іспит это ближе по смыслу и звучанию к русскому слову испыта́ние.
Basically a false friend, which makes understanding more difficult.
Ну да, есть такое слово, правда относится оно к литературной или архаичной лексике. В современном русском употребляется только Выпит.
Спасибо за информацию!
If Ukrainian was 95% the same as Russian, why assume that Ukrainian was a dialect of Russian, it could be the opposite.
Not 95%. Maybe about 80%. Ukrainian isn't a dialect of Russian.
Yes, you could look at it that way but as you see in the video there are significant differences as well as similarities among these languages.
The division between language and dialect is a political issue, not a linguistic one. For example, when Yugoslavia existed they said that there was a single Serbo-Croatian language, and after its collapse they began to talk about independent Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian languages, although apparently the language remained virtually unchanged after this collapse. Regarding your second question, can you give at least one example where a language/dialect with fewer speakers is or was considered a dialect of a language/dialect with more speakers? I don't know of any such example.
Usually, people tend to think that the smaller language is a dialect of the bigger language for the simple fact that the latter is spoken by more people. Galician might be older than Portuguese (at least as old as) but some say Galician is a dialect of Portuguese, because Portuguese has many more speakers.
@@RogerRamos1993 thank you for your observations, but it is not the answer of my question. Do you agree with my opinion that in the world practice there is no examples when language/dialect with more speakers is seen as dialect of language/dialect with fewer speakers?
There is no word "испит" in Russian. Probably, the author meant "испьітание", which has a different meaning though.
Yes, thank you... Испытание refers to a process or an event that examines someone's abilities, qualities, or endurance through challenges or difficulties.
Actually, the meaning is almost the same.
Испьітание is about testing something, but not knowledge (which is what an exam is), so the meaning is quite different (you cannot испьітьівать знания). In Ukrainian, it's випробування (or випробовування), a different word which does not overlap with іспит either.
@@Timo_UA
"you cannot испьітьівать знания"
Я могу испытывать что угодно. ;) Власне, це і є значення слова "examine".
The word “испит” exists in Russian (stressed 2nd "и" - испИт). This is a short form of the word "испитый"
What about Czech? It more wester langus!
Of course, there are many similarities with the Czech language as Czech is very similar to Slovak. I want to also compare Czech with Slovak Polish and Croatian.
@@polyglotdreams I am very much looking forward to that comparison.
Well, it is somewhat similar but not as much as the languages mentioned. Slovak would be the bridge between Czech and Polish in this case, as there are some similarities but not that many. I could easily speak to a Slovak in Polish, he in Slovak and we would understand each other quite effortlessly, but with Czech? Nah, not so much.
12:01 in polish also exist the word "otrzymać".
Tak, powinienem był to zaznaczyć... Dziękuję.
@@polyglotdreams Ale to tylko pojedyncze przeoczenie, które nie zmienia faktu, że Pana filmik jest bardzo merytoryczny i dobrze ukazuje, że ukraiński to bezdyskusyjnie odrębny język od rosyjskiego.
Polish is most similar to Czech and Slovak, but there is one crucial point- having compared Polish to these two, there are many false friends.
For instance:
Laska- in Czech "miłość" (similar to Polish "łaska"), in Polish it means "walking stick" or more metaphorically "chick" (an attractive girl).
Some years ago I heard two Slovaks speaking to each other- I am Polish and I was sure it was a mix of Polish and Czech or Czech and Polish.😅
PS Your pronunciation of Polish words is very well! Congratulations because it is tricky and demanding!
Yes .. and some really funny examples too
When you compare the sentences from different languages there are no variations. But e.g. in Ukrainian there are different ways to say the same sentence which will be either closer to Polish or closer to Russian without any distinguishable semantical difference.
Yes, that is true.
There's a video I saw a time ago where a Russian girl was telling the similarities (and differences) between 12 slavic languages, and there was a special section for russian and ukrainian where she spoke to a ukrainian native speaker and she tried to understand her, she couldnt understand some simple words/sentences like How are you, thank you, etc. And also when the Ukrainian girl said a basic sentence about her name, where she was born, where she studied what shes doing etc. and the Russian girl did not understand anything (only 2+ words) and when she tried to read Ukrainian, even after being told the differences between the letters she struggled a lot
This video is fantastic. I've been saying to my friends: I consider Ukrainian to be a bridge between Polish and tRussian. And here you are, putting it in scientific language. My dreams have come true.
As for b- in bin, bona etc. In Polish dialects we have some distortion of it: łon, łona, łono. That is my litttle theory, as in Ukrainian you have avtobus but in Polish autobus, pronounced: ałtobus. Like many things, Polish dropped a significant amount of phonetics (aspirated and inaspirated h for example) and grammar (we have completely lost the past tense: ex. Ja byłem zrobiłem).
Otrimati is close to otrzymać, which is a synonym for dostać, albeit of a higher register.
I am so pleased 😀 that the analysis resonates with your experiences and observations!
@@polyglotdreams It really does. Now I can just point people to your video :D
In Belarusian it is "aŭtobus" and "atrymać". The "Ja byŭ zrabiŭ" plusquamperfect form is dated and not used anymore, though it's understandable and can be found in older books.
@@SiarheiSiamashka Nice. More similarities :)
I guess, almost every language can be considered as a bridge between other languages: Polish, for example, is a bridge between Ukrainian an German (or Latin), Slovak is a bridge between Ukrainian and Czech, Russian is a bridge between Ukrainian and Bulgarian and so on.
I'm Russian and I used to live in Ukraine for 2.5 years before the war started.
Now we live with my wife in Germany, Berlin where obviously is a high level of multiculturalism can found.
For instance, I can hear Polish, Ukrainian, Russian and German languages on the streets (and many others).
From my personal experience - Knowing Ukranian is a better entry point for Eastern European languages because it's a nice bridge between Polish, Russian and to a certain degree even German.
It has more similar words to Polish, which also has been influenced by German, so the continuity and ties are clearer.
While Russian is much more isolated linguistically. As far as I know - there is a lexical imbalance between Rus and Ukr:
Ukrainians will understand Russian, but Russia barely understands Ukranian.
Regarding Russian, again, I'm not a professor or historian, so my observation is based on my personal experience and videos like this on UA-cam and articles on Wikipedia, so please take my words with a slight pinch of salt.
That being said, I understand why Russian is one of the main languages in the world, I don't think it was a smart choice from a practical perspective, but rather a sum of historical, political and social events. What I mean by that is that, if ones wants to communicate with a vast amount of east-Europeans and learn our culture - I feel like Russian isn't the best language to start with for the reasons I wrote in the beginning. Indeed in Russian, we have a LOT of German and French words ( I was surprised actually how many German words in Russian are) but they obviously were imported and the nature of how they behave and are placed in the language is very granular and systematic. For instance, everything that has a connection to engineering and medicine usually has a German heritage or a straight German word, lifestyle words often have a French heritage.
While Ukranian has none of that -it usually has its own words for it or some similar words to Polish and German.
The problem though, I don't think that we discuss rendezvous or angina (German, throat inflammation) with people that often, especially when one just started to learn a new language. So these German and French connections are very sporadic and often very particular. I think they were imported with the industry and lifestyle in the 17-18 century, when Russians were entering the European family, culturally wise. Also when I was living in London - I noticed that British has almost none of these imported words.
So yeah - knowing Russian sometimes helps me with an understanding doctors here in Berlin and helps a bit to impress my French colleagues, but these imported words are very surfaced, in a sense that they don't add anything when I actually learn German or French let's say.
Another important note, is that when we say Russian, we actually mean Soviet language. Two examples:
During the USSR, the soviets were pushing basic literacy and education to peasants and masses, which required the most average and standardized version of language. I think for that reason, you almost can't find dialects in modern Russia. I travelled a bit across the central and west of my Country and I can say that the language sounds the same everywhere, maybe with tiny differences in vowels in specific places and words.
What can't be said about Ukranian - it sounds different in central, western and eastern Ukraine. There are dialects and different pronunciations and even different words.
The obvious question arises - well, if the language is standardized (Russian) - should I learn it, instead of more "chaotic" and diverse Ukranian? Well, yes and no.
Which leads me to the second point:
Russian language represents its people, culture and very very difficult, tough history.
Because Russia went through many bad places and events in its history and had to adapt to it, I think it's reflected in language.
Russian language is quite constructed, managed, changed, governed and edited while Ukranian is a very "folk" language.
For instance, reading War and Piece in its original form is a nightmare for me now, that's why when we read it these days - we actually read the "adjusted" version. Words, and sentences changed. If I go even further than that - like more than 300 years back in history - I don't think that I would be able to understand what the language says. While my Ukranian wife can read Ukranian texts which are 300-500-600 years old. Damn, even when I read pre-soviet Russian - it's already quite different - like there are more similarities to Ukraninan, even the same letters, which were taken out later by Soviets.
Which leads me to the last point - my perception of Ukranian language: to me as a Russian it sounds quite archaic: basically the words Ukranian use sound like "old-russian" words. For English speakers the best analogy would be: you/thou.
Ok, so far I've been downplaying Russian a bit. But for obvious reasons - it's very widespread, it has a cultural and financial backing and it requires no introduction: bears and vodka already did all promo-campaign for it. So maybe for a casual learning - Russian is indeed a way to go, because of deep-interwined history of Russian and European countries, many imported words and simplicity (compared to Polish and Ukranian) and amount of speakers.
For polyglots though, for people who are really digging and learning a lot and think of the languages from a more systematic and holistic approach - I think Ukranian would be an interesting bet.
Wow.. great comments... thanks for sharing
The Russian language has long been highly centralized (like the society as a whole) and any deviation from the standard is traditionally stigmatized. So no wonder people tried (and still try) to get rid of their local differences (dialects in the past, local pronunciation now), usually seen as something inferior to the standard. This is also true about their perception of the close languages like Ukrainian and Belarusian, still seen by many as kind of corrupt Russian that needs to be 'improved' (that is turned into 'proper Russian'). This attitude spreads far beyond the East Slavic languages: in fact, Russian cognates in pretty much every Slavic language are often perceived as 'defects'.
@@Timo_UAI can't say that people try to get rid of their local dialects and get to some sort of "normal" Russian. People from St-Petersburg are very proud of their differences in languages compared to Moscovities , people from Rostov-na-Donu (South region) are pretty cool with their relaxed "sho (шo - what), instead of more northern "chto" (что - what). Moreover, I felt that in recent years (even before 2022) there was a slowly starting trend in support of local communities, local culture and language differences. The problem though, is that it was and will suppressed by the authorities due to increased autocratic tendencies in Russia these days.
What I can say, is that it's for sure that indeed Ukrainian and Belorussian might be perceived by some people as an inferior language compared to Russian. For instance: my mom used to lecture me that I shouldn't pronounce "sho" (шо - what), and use the correct form "chto" (что - what). The reason behind that, she told me, is that she is used by rednecks and non-littered people. Considering that "sho" is a standard form of "what" in Ukrainian and southern Russia - it's not a surprise that there is a level of chauvinism and paternalism among Russians towards Ukrainians and Belorussians, and sometimes towards ourselves.
As for attitude towards other East Slavic languages - I can't confirm this, because I've never seen someone ever told me that Polish, Czech or Bulgarian are inferior versions of Russian.
I believe it's the case with Ukranian and Belorussian for a simple reason - it has enough similarity AND geo-proximity to be heard and understood, to make a judgement about it. In the case of other Slavic, languages - I'm not sure it's the case.
The bottom line is this: due to current events and the historical imperial Russian legacy, when we discuss Russian, Belorussian and Ukrainian languages, we have to be really careful, since it's a very sensitive topic.
@@anatolikbelikov Well, I've been discussing such things on different forums for many years now, and this experience has led me to a slightly different opinion. Btw, "sho" is not a standard form in Ukrainian, the standard is "shcho" (що), while "sho" is just a colloquial simplification (something like "cho" in Russian). In Ukraine, non-standard forms are usually quite tolerated, so most Ukrainians seem to be Ok with "sho".
@@Timo_UA I’m just describing my experience and thoughts on the topic. So it’s just an opinion. At the end of the day: we’re discussing languages, which are a spoken continuum of thoughts and feelings, that always flow and change, especially this day. Indeed, you’re correct regarding forms of “what”: scscho(“що”) is a standard one and scho (“шо“) is a more informal one and highly tolerated. However, again - it's interesting that I made this mistake, because to me “sscho” feels highly formal and cold, I used it rarely and mostly when I had to deal with some sort of officials, while “sho” was my standard form. Again because I'm a Russian speaker - I might assign to Ukrainian some features, and nuances that other people wouldn't, because it’s an “outsider perspective”
8:35 As a Russian native speaker I can say that there is no word "испит" in modern Russian.
"испит" (ispit) does exist in Russian as an old or somewhat archaic term meaning "test," "exam," or "trial." It is less commonly used in modern Russian, with the more standard word for "test" or "exam" being "экзамен" (ekzamen). However, "испит" can still be encountered in literature, historical texts, or in some dialects, reflecting its roots in the Slavic language family, where similar words carry meanings related to testing or examination.
очень возможно, экзамен в каком-то смысле "испытание" на усвоение полученных знаний, как вступительный экзамен (в университет) / вступительное испытание (на работу ((чуть более неформально)) ) @@polyglotdreams
Is Russian vs Ukrainian similar to the relationship between Mandarin vs Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese spoken in Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia and Singapore, etc) in terms of similarities and transferability between these two languages? As a polyglot who can speak all these four (guess not many Polyglots in the world manage to have knowledge in all these four languages:), I guess you are in the best position to comment on this, thanks :)
Thanks for this interesting question. I would say that there's much greater difference between Cantonese and standard Chinese in terms of mutual intelligibility compared to Ukrainian and Russian. Of course, the written language situation is different, and it would be much easier to read Cantonese than to try to understand spoken Cantonese.
The Ukrainian word отримати has a polish cognate otrzymać also meaning to receive
Yes, another close cognate. Thanks
It is necessary to say that words "false cognates" may really mean "false friends" as it correctly said in this video. And "false friends" are mostly defined to be the "different vocabulary". But also "false cognates" may mean different thing than "false friend" do. They "false cognates ) may mean the pair of word which do not look more or less similar between each other but also have the same meaning. But actually they may be of completely different roots, at least between each other. The examples of "false cognates" are the Ukrainian word "громадянин" (citizen) and the Russian "гражданин" with the same meaning. Other examples are Russian-Ukrainian "pairs" "тяжкий - важкий" ("hard", "heavy"), "запад - захід" ("West") etc.
Also, the words which are not genuine cognates and have "indirect" origin from the same Proto-Slavic word-ancestor but from two close Proto-Slavic words are probably did not put in this lexical similarity but in lexical distance. But it's not about any words of "indirect" origin but these which had sufficiently not identical meaning or sufficiently different grammar forms between their Proto-Slavic words-ancestors. The example probably is in this video the Russian-Ukrainian pair "петь - співати". Another pair in this video "становится - ставати" are "different vocabulary" from this criteria of classification. But a pair of words "стать - стати" which are not directly lexically related to "становиться -ставати" are real "cognates" as you said. So, these are Slavic (and probably not just Slavic) paradoxes.
The other pairs from this video like "навыки - навички", "повышать - підвищувати", and, possibly "следует - "слід"are also not genuine cognates. They are "partial" or even "indirect" cognates according to their irregular sound changes in affixes or origin. But because of irregular changes just in affixes and absence of grammar or semantic differences in their Proto-Slavic ancestors they are probably put in 62% of the Russian-Ukrainian lexical similarity.
Finally, not only this lexical paradoxes but all sum of different kinds of grammar and phonetic changes from "Proto-Slavic" ancestors make complications for putting Polish, Ukrainian and Russian in the definite subgroups of Slavic languages. At least, the problem concerns with the contemporary situation with their phonetics, grammar and vocabulary. Also, the borrowings of words from other languages (despite the author of these lexical distances ignored "borrowings") should not be exaggerated or undrrstated but it should be proven thoroughly according the rules of the linguistics.
Thanks for sharing
Тяжко важко сиротині на цім світі жити ...
Тарас Шевченко.
@@vassylzavgorodniy642 Ну, звісно, українське "тяжкий" теж існує (щоправда, принаймні в одному зі своїх значень, що відповідає англійському heavy, тобто "важкий з огляду на масу", воно є "фальшивим другом перекладача" російському відповіднику). Всі "фпльшиві друзі" є "неподібною лексикою."
Сприймання слів "важкий" і саме російського "тяжкий" як родичів може відбуватися як на рівні пересічних людей так і деяких західних лінгвістів.
Російське "тяжелый", яке має відповідність слову "heavy" по значенню, згідно з проф. Тищенко не є "подібною" лексикою до укр. "тяжкий" через непряме походження від спільного праслов'янського слова-предка де, очевидно, були ще й відмінності граматичні й у значеннях між прямими предками двох, певним чином споріднених між союбою слів.
Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak and Czech are very similar and are understandable even to those who have not studied them. TRUTH, if you want, you can understand it. 🇵🇱🇺🇦🇨🇿🇸🇰🔥❤️
Yes... willingness to understand is a very important factor.
Most examples for slvoak language you should use words similiar to other languages like: študovať in slovak is also učiť (it is closer to other languages), same is with:
uprednostniť - preferovať
dúfam - mám nádej
vylepšiť - upraviť
All are used and are more similiar to other languages examples
I couldn't choose the wording each time, but I sometimes commented on that.
7:50 in Ukrainian there are possibility to say "Надіюсь/Маю надію"
Так, звісно. Дякую!
"Russians not trying to be imperialists for once" challenge impossible.
Thank you for your work! I just wanted to say that in Russian we have a cognate to Ukrainian «малювати» that would be «малевать». But in Russian it means «to draw smth inaccurately, sloppily»
Малюешь малюнок,рисуешь рисунок
Thank you... it is a bit of a false cognate, isn't it?
@@polyglotdreams Yes, I think so. But anyway it conveys the the idea of drawing:) though there is some sarcastic tone within it.
The funny fact about it. There was a famous Russian (also Polish & Ukrainian) painter Malevich (Малевич). It’s a pure coincidence but his surname is completely related in our linguistic consciousness with the verb “малевать”. So sometimes we can call some unlucky painter this way - Malevich. Not because that we think that the real Malevich was bad, but because his surname reminds of the verb «малевать»:)
Your Soviet Bolshevik "Russian" has been introduced in 1918 in Moscow by the 1st commissar of education Lunacharsky originally from Austrian Galicia who lived in Ukraine for years. No surprise he introduced more than before Ukrainian words into new classless language of Soviet Russian.
The comparison is made to give some slight idea about the languages, but only official state languages are matched. Obviously because they are easily accessible for foreigners. All those official languages were composed in Austrian Imperial city of Prague after 1948 "Spring of Nations" by a team of professional linguists educated in France for the purpose to establish "Nation States" where the languages had to substitute religion as dividing factor. So, there's little vocabulary continuum among official languages as they're meant to be walls not bridges. Authentic "Slavic" languages of tenant farmers were gradually phased out. Present day Russian simply didn't exist before 1918 and it has become impassable to use pre 1918 Russian outside of areas remote from major cities. Authentic Ukrainian has been simply banned in 1862 and remained banned ever since but nevertheless it partly survived due to its cheerful and upbeat nature as a language of pirates.
Thanks for the input. Yes, the Slavic languages are a dialectical continuum.
Please remember that Russia may have banned Ukrainian, but Ukrainians also lived and developed their culture under the Habsburgs. In close connection with Poles, Slovaks or Czechs.
@@PKowalski2009 "Russia", as a British resource colony, didn't ban anything.
@@PKowalski2009 Ukrainians literally means "People behind the Frontier" lived and developed their culture away of any controlled by the European financiers areas on Carpathian mountains and on the Great Steppe before 19th century. Poles, Slovaks or Czechs are political nations who didn't exist before 1918.
I would disagree with only one conclusion. The word "врач(vrach/vrač/wracz)" also has Slavic roots. In the past, "врач(vrach/vrač/wracz)" meant a sorcerer
"Врач" has nothing to do with Turkic languages, it was borrowed into Russian from Old Church Slavonic "врачь" and has cognates in modern South Slavic languages (in which it mostly came to mean "witch doctor").
otrymaty - otrzymać ( same congenagite in polish) ziskat exists in both polish and ukrainian
In 5:38. The Ukrainian word "він" is not "genuine" cognate to any Slavic word with the same meaning (possibly even to the Upper-Sorbian "won". It is because of so-called "irregular" sound changes. At least change "o" to "i" (Proto-Slavic "*On"- "вІн") there was not "regular" as it was, in the case of Russian "кОт" ("cat") and Ukrainian ("кІт"). In "він" changing from Proto-Slavic "o" to "i" occured" later than in "кіт" and was not did in evolutionary way but in "analogy" to "кіт".
So, it's not "phonetic feature" but "lexical feature". And "він" probably is in 38% Russian-Ukrainian lexical distance and 30% Polish-Ukrainian lexical distance.
So, it would be better for you to use Ukrainian "вухо" ("ear") instead and in order to demonstrate the phonetic differences between Ukrainian similar vocabulary differences concerning most Slavic languages except for Belarusian and some others. Its about the insertion of the protetic ("в") "w" in the beginning of a word. But "вона" and "воно", obviously can be used in this still.
Thanks... you love detail!
As native Slovak I can understand 99% Czech and about 60% of Polish but I cannot understand Russian or Croatian just some words but not the sentence. I also am disappointed of myself that in this video I couldn't understand any of Ukrainian, I would say it was easier to understand Russian that Ukrainian. But I'm confident that if I would live in some of those countries I would learn very fast. I also speak perfectly Spanish ( castellano) and Catalan what helps me understand about 30 % of Italian but I cannot understand Portuguese suppose because I'm not nativ Spanish. Good vidio.
I'm Brazilian and I believe your biggest obstacle to understanding Portuguesen is phonetics. Spanish speakers understand spoken Portuguese around 30-60%. Many can't understand Continental Portuguese. If you study Portuguese for 1 month, you'll be able to learn enough to understand a good deal of Portuguese.
For me as Czech, it's completely random, sometimes I understand Ukrainian better and sometimes Russian, but I would say that Ukrainians have stronger "eastern accent" which sometimes make it harder to understand, but that very depends on actual speaker, because even some Russians have that very typical accent, so you understand nothing then. 😀
@@Pidalin
Try to listen to Belarusian. :)
Both Ukrainian and Russian have local dialects. The population of the southern part of russia has a big part of Ukrainians who speak and pronounce the same way as Ukrainians in Ukraine.
@@putinisakiller8093 It's hard to listen language which nobody uses. 🤔
The more you get exposed to these languages and actually study them the more you will appreciate that you can learn them much faster due to your being a native Slovak speaker.
Ukrainian іспит is not the same as Russian испит. In Ukrainian word іспит is a noun, which means exam. Whereas in Russian испит is a past participle form of a (rather archaic) verb испить, meaning drunk until the end.
Also, although it does not seem to be the topic of the video, many of the words from Russian, Polish, or Slovak shown as a translation have cognates in Ukrainian. So if the specific translation shows a different word, it does not mean there is no cognate. Sometimes, cognates have slightly different meanings, or not appropriate for a specific style of communication.
For example, 10:30 porawic -> поправити (to fix), vylepsit' -> поліпшити (to improve, less formal than покращити). Or, 7:04 рисовать, rysowac -> рисовати (to draw, but not to paint, can mean technical drawing), kreslit' -> креслити (to plot)
Thanks for the observations.
В русском "он малюет" обычно значит "он рисует что-то непрофессионально". И есть ещё очень много подобных примеров. Но вот, например, часто меняются приставки на более архаичные для русского уха. Тот же "отыметь/отримать" будет в русском "заиметь", отыметь в современном языке опошлилось :). Стипендия тоже есть, она платится ежемесячно, а грант - обычно крупная сумма денег, чаще всего единоразовая. И тд и тп. Не буду проходится по всему видео, но думаю моя мысль понятна. Часто, всё очень легко разбирается если ты образованный человек.
Ваш комментарий действительно подчеркивает интересные различия и связи между русским и украинским языками, а также их взаимосвязь с западнославянскими языками. Мне очень приятно видеть, что вы обратили внимание на такие детали и поделились своими наблюдениями. Это подтверждает мою мысль о том, что украинский язык действительно занимает уникальное место, сочетая в себе элементы, знакомые и для русскоговорящих, и для носителей западнославянских языков. Ваши примеры с приставками и словообразованием особенно показательны. Эти тонкие различия и особенности делают изучение языков таким увлекательным процессом, позволяя глубже погрузиться в культурные и исторические контексты. Спасибо за ваш подробный и продуманный комментарий!
Вам большое спасибо!@@polyglotdreams
@@polyglotdreams Unfortunately, Ukr. "отримати" and Rus."отыметь" (if this this word is really and completely overlapped with "отримати" at least in some of its meanings), are of completely different roots. And just cognate preffixes, endings as well as some "occasionaly" identical letters in the roots of these two words make the "delusion of similarity" and cognacy" ("false cognates" cincerning origin).
"Отримати" (its meaning may not overlappe fully even its Polish cognate) is derivative from "тримати" (to hold). The further etymology of the Proto-Slavic "*trimati" is unclear. The hypotheses of the Prot-Slavic word relatedness with the Proto-Slavic " *tremeti" or with some old words in the Germanic languages were not fully proved.
Officially, and according to the Etymological dictionary of Ukrainian "тримати" belongs to these kind of words which are different from the Standard Russian and exist in the same time in Polish but are not borrowed from Polish or "via Polish" unlike such words as "цікавий", "лічити" or the "рахувати" (the latter is of the German origin). It is inherited from the Proto-Slavic.
2) The Russian "отыметь" originated from the Proto-Slavic "*jmeti", which is indirectly and with the word-ancestors' grammar dfferences related to the Ukrainian "мати" ("to have") which originated from the Proto-Slavic "* jmati".
@@polyglotdreams As for the possibility of easy understanding by a Russian the word "отримати" even in relatively clear context it does not seem that it can be so easy. And it needs the linguistic experiments which are often carried on by the Dutch and German linguists.
It is because the percent of basic vovel-consonant sound changes between "тримати" and "отыметь" in relation to the sonds' number of the longest of two words is pretty large - 50%. And even more because the stress pattern change in the words' syllables may be defined as a serious phonetic change. And there is surprisal change in the first syllables.
These rules affect intelligibility of all genuine cognates, partial cognates, oblique cognates "false cohnates" and "false friends with the close mèaning". In the case of the latter group, the situation is worsened by the possibility of a confusion or the "third" alternative translation in the sufficiently not clear context (sentence").
@@kezgoblair Thanks for the input
As a Russian, who've never visited Ukraine I can say I can easily realise about 90-95% of Ukraine language (both oral and written)
With Western or Southern Slavic languages situation with WAY more difficult. For example, when I hear slow and clear Polish speech I can understand about 50-70% and almost nothing if I am leastening to fast speech.
That is to say, when I hear about great difference between Russian and Ukrainian I feel that this ideas were uttered just for POLITICAL REASONS (I agree some vocabulary wise difference is exists, but grammar and pronounciation is almost the same)
P.S.: I know some people for my words call me fascist or whatever, but I just don't care.
It is great that you can understand a lot of Ukrainian. Did you watch the whole analsys to see to what extent Ukrainian is close to Russian?
@polyglotdreams not yet. You are right in order to judge objectively about whole video I have to watch it from start to finish. I wrote my previous comment just after watching first 3 min 😂😂😂.
So, now I will proceed, really hope my final impression turn to better 😊
@@SuperRienzi Yes... the analysis starts after that...
@@SuperRienziIt is your subjective opinion. You understand Ukrainian, it doesn't mean that all Russians understand Ukrainian
Чи ви впевнені, що чули справжню українську мову? Я усе життя прожив в Україні і досить добре володію мовою, але не розумію 95% :)
До речі, в Україні існує ДЕКІЛЬКА українських мов, не рахуючи діалектів.
7:15 actually Russian has малевать, but it's for sloppy drawings or paintings, so it has a rude and derogatory connotation.
Also, Russian - a link between Ukrainian and Southern Slavic languages ;)
You mean with Bulgarian?
Well, I used to have a friend from the West Carpathia area (which once was a part of Czechoslovakia) and he was truly able to understand any Slavic language and spoke many of them without problems. He mentioned that he was also watching all kinds of nearby countries TV shows since he was small, too. BTW, your translation of "Kolik řečí umíš, tolikrát jsi člověkem" is an interesting one, did not see it like that, but valid still, I guess (I personally would not leave out the word human in it, as for me it describes learning languages like a mission for humanity, every time you learn a new one, you become a new human being....). And we Czechs respect Slovak as language, though they are also very similar and mutually intelligible.
Bud Czech, west slavic, and Ukrainian is so different.
the so-called “Russian” is a colonial dialect of the old Ukrainian (Ruthenian/Rus’) language. The first Russian dictionary by Vladimir Dal says as much, it is titled “the greater Rus’ dialect of the Rus’ language”.
While there are historical arguments and perspectives regarding the development of the East Slavic languages, it is linguistically and historically inaccurate to categorize Russian as a dialect of Ukrainian or vice versa. Both languages, along with Belarusian, have evolved from the Old East Slavic language and have been shaped by unique historical and cultural influences, leading to their recognition as distinct languages in the modern era.
The development of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian languages was influenced by various factors, including migration, conquests, and cultural exchanges. These languages share a common ancestor but have evolved differently based on regional influences. For example, Ukrainian (historically referred to as Ruthenian in its early stages) has been significantly influenced by Polish and other languages due to historical political unions and cultural exchanges.
Vladimir Dal's work is an important historical document, but it should be interpreted within its historical and linguistic context. The title referencing the "greater Rus’ dialect of the Rus’ language" reflects the linguistic perceptions and classifications of the time. Dal's work primarily focused on the Russian language but acknowledged the shared linguistic heritage of the East Slavic languages.
Today, Ukrainian and Russian are recognized as distinct languages, each with its own standard form, grammar, vocabulary, and literary tradition. While they share a common historical root and have similarities due to their close relationship, calling one a dialect of the other oversimplifies their complex historical development and current linguistic status.
@@polyglotdreams I never said it is the dialect of modern Ukrainian, it’s a dialect of medieval Ukrainian (Ruthenian/Rus' language).
I do agree with you.
But originally it was the Rus' that colonised the various Finnic lands that today form the core of the modern so called “Russia”.
The Rus' (Medieval Ukrainians) brought their language to the ancestors of modern Russians, it’s like with the English and American English, except if the natives didn’t go anywhere and simply stated speaking English, then later started insisting they are the actual English & that England belongs to them. It’s absurd is it not?
But yet, the colony became the metropolis and gradually took over the Rus' heritage, calling it "rightfully theirs"
@@polyglotdreams
"Both languages have evolved from the Old East Slavic language"
No. :) You can read about the history of moscovia.
i'm not learned russian and ukrainian cause native to both. what u say about belorussian is completely wrong imho where phonetically it is close to russian than ukrainian but lexically is not
Не зовсім. :)
It’s true that Belarusian shares significant features with both Ukrainian and Russian, and the nature of its closeness to each can depend on whether we're considering phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, or even historical and regional dialects.
While phonetic similarities might make Belarusian seem closer to Russian for some, a deeper look into the lexicon, grammar, and historical development shows significant areas of closeness with Ukrainian. The perception of similarity can also vary greatly depending on individual exposure and the specific dialects or language forms one is most familiar with. Language is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and its study often reveals a tapestry of influences and relationships that challenge simple categorizations.
Phonetics and Pronunciation:
Phonetically, some might find Belarusian closer to Russian, possibly due to certain pronunciation features and the influence of Russian media and language policies in Belarus. The pronunciation of certain vowels and consonants can indeed make Belarusian sound more similar to Russian for some listeners.
Vocabulary (Lexicon):
Lexically, Belarusian and Ukrainian share a substantial number of common words that are not found in Russian or significantly differ in Russian. This is partly due to the historical development of these languages and their geographical proximity, which facilitated cross-influences, especially from Polish and Lithuanian, which have also impacted Belarusian and Ukrainian more than Russian. The lexical similarities between Belarusian and Ukrainian often underscore their shared heritage and cultural ties.
Grammar:
In terms of grammar, Belarusian and Ukrainian again share certain features that are distinct from Russian. This includes aspects of verb conjugation, noun declension, and the use of the vocative case, which is present in both Belarusian and Ukrainian but largely absent in modern Russian.
Historical and Cultural Context:
Historically, the East Slavic languages have evolved from common origins, with Old East Slavic as a common ancestor. Over time, geopolitical, cultural, and social changes have influenced the development of these languages in different directions. Belarusian, being geographically situated between Russian and Ukrainian-speaking areas, has been influenced by both but has also retained its unique features.
Seems to me you are comparing standard bog-standard Russian with bog-standard standard Ukrainian. If you do that, you will see big differences - obviously, But what if you compare dialects spoken on each side of the Russian/Ukrainian border. Surely they will be one hell of a lot closer. I say there is a language continuum. This point was lost in the video.
There are Ukrainians living in russia near the russian/Ukrainian border.
I agree with that. Granted maybe I should have mentioned that at the beginning. It is one analysis showing how the standard versions differ.
I'm afraid, there is no more language continuum at the border, the dialects are mostly dead now (especially in Russia; in Ukraine, they partly survived in some mountainous areas), it's surzhik which is often spoken on both sides of the border (a mixture of the two languages, not a dialect).
The statistics regarding the lexical similarity between Russian and Ukrainian seems dodgy. As a Russian speaker I recognise well over 90% of Ukrainian vocabulary. In the 5 examples you gave in 2:50 Russian and Ukrainian are identical in meaning and nearly identical in spelling and pronunciation, as opposed to Polish that had different meanings.
My native language is Russian and I only began to understand Ukranian after I became fluent in Polish.
That's very interesting... thanks for sharing.
In my honest opinion (as a Pole) Belarusian is far more understandable than Ukrainian. Moreover, with basics in Russian I understand probably more this language than Ukrainian
That's a very interesting experience. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you for this video. This work is very important. In this time the Russians destroy not only our theritory, but our identity. Russian trolls are everywhere and they try to do everything possible to show the western public, that our language doesn't exist, it's just a dialect and it is not important.
Knowing Ukrainian opened me the door to understanding Russian, Belorussian, Polish and Slovak. It's a very nice experience. But for understanding all of these language I should have read many old literature with some archaic words, that aren't in Ukrainian anymore, but still exist in the other languages.
You know what I can't understand? The Russians are erasing you and you are doing the same to the Carpathian Rusyns. Why?
Thank you for sharing your views.
I assume unique ukranian word "звiт" share the russian root "вод" as many words in ukranian in stead of russian "o" have "i", also sounds s/z share t/d the meaning that concludes to russian word "свод", "сводка" a part of report, where "вы - вод" is conclusion
Ні, це твої фантазії
The Ukrainian word "звiт" (zvit) does bear some resemblance to the Russian word "свод" (svod), meaning "a compilation" or "a summary," Thank you for sharing.
@@polyglotdreams From etymology dictionary:
Звіт - це новий термін офіційно-ділової мови, утворений як семантичний відповідник до рос. отчёт з основи -віт, наявної в приві́т, одві́т, запові́т, відвіча́ти
@@polyglotdreams "Звіт" - officially came from the etymological root "віт" which is present in the Standard Ukrainian "привіт" (cognate with the Russian "привет" "hi!", "greetings") and the Ukrainian Ukrainian dialectal "одвіт" ( which is cognate with the Russian "ответ", "an answear"). The Russian "сводка" (which has a partial cognate "зведення" in Ukrainian) came from the different root which is (directly or indirectly present the Ukrainian words "вести" and водити" ("ride to", "to lead").
"Звіт" has alien preffix to "ответ" ("з" vs "при" or "от"). So, these words are the "partial cognates with the different meanings" between each other
Any words with different (even very close) meanings are not "similar" vocabulary but the "different" vocabulary. The exception is the diffetence between simple and the diminutive form of a word (like "John" and "Johny" and in the inter-language case they are Rus. "река" (river) and Ukr. "річка" which was initially diminutive of the word "ріка" but later it became simple and basic form.
As it was said by the prominent U.S. linguists Isidore Dyеn & Co. just cognates of the same meaning are "similar vocabulary".
And it is the same about the 38% the Russian-Ukrainian and 48% English-German lexical distances by professor Kostiantyn Tyshchenko.
I’m from UA, my mother tongue is russian though. I’m writing it small because of the ru imperialistic aggression. I stand with UA. As somebody who speaks both UA und ru, let me tell you that these are different languages. All Ukrainians can speak russian and almost no russian speaks Ukrainian and just a few understand it properly. Ukrainian is also closer to BY and PL.
Nu, faktično i taky slova kak hlopec czy malevať i mnogy iny, ktory avtor odnose do UkraInskej leksike, tež jestvujut v Ruskom, ale često maju arhaiczny kolor. Ale pogardlivy, kak malevat', napriklad. 😅😅
Це підкреслює тонкі нюанси між мовами і те, як історичні та культурні впливи можуть змінювати сприйняття та використання певних слів.
@@polyglotdreams O jakem-to vlivu ukrainskogo jezika na suvremeny Rusky tverđity težko, zgleduje, že ukrainsko pismo javilo'se oficijno samo potem revolùcý. Polsky mal silny vliv na literaturny Rusky v 17-19 vekax pri tom nje samo leksično, no gramatično tež. Za to ruska gramatika stala ne niže komplikovana od polskoj. Pred tim ruska gramatika bila, sudimo za oficijny dokumenty, više podobna do bulgarskoj. V 20 veku ovo vlije juž praktično zniklo. Teraz samo anglicky vlije na rusky, ale dosta ograničeno. Mnogy anglicky slova, hocz i massivno vošly v Rusky, ale zostaly na slengovom urovnù.
@@dmitriysmirnov9084А російське офіційне письмо коли з'явилось? Хіба не після революції? Так само, як і українське. І вплив польської мови на українську перебільшений
@@ЄвгенійПанасенко-н2к Od Vizantý kroz bulgarskix cerkovnikov. A suvremeny alfabet od Petra i golandcev.Posle revolùcý bolševiky làko go zmenily, ale osnova zostala.
@@dmitriysmirnov9084 Не від Петра. Подивись російські газети 19 ст і подивись на сучасні, там багато пишеться не так. Тільки після революції росіяни почали писати як зараз
No. Ukrainian is an East Slavic Language but it has borrowed vocabulary from Polish. I think Polish is the transitional zone between East and West. Whether Russian and Ukrainian are the same language depends on semantics. Standard Ukrainians has many polish loanwords while standard Russian has Church Slavonic loan words if your metric is mutual intelligibly then they're different languages. However the grammar between Russian and Ukrainian is ~98% the same so from a grammar POV, they are dialects of the same language (east slavic); belorussian too.
What are you saying no to?
@@polyglotdreams 1. Ukrainian is not a link between Russian and Polish since Ukrainian because Ukrainian is still an east Slavic language, it's not in-between east and west.
2 That Ukrainian is NOT a separate language from Russian. If you know Russian, Ukrainian or Belorussian then the grammar between them is 98% the same so all 3 are dialects of east Slavic rather than true separate language.
Kyiv Rus and Russia have as much in common as Austria and Australia. The fact is that Russia was formed from the MOSCOWY KINGDOM and then stole the name of Kyiv Rus when it weakened to create a myth about a single nation of MOSCOWY and Ukraine
Russian comes from the same source.
@@polyglotdreamsNo. Russia doesn't come from the same source. Do France, Germany and Italy come from the same source? But there was one kingdom of the Franks. It's territory was in France, Germany and part Italy. So? Do modern Germans, the French and Italians say that they are from one source.
Rus is the analogy of the Kingdom of the Franks
🤡
@@ЄвгенійПанасенко-н2кUkrainians want people to believe their myths, but they will not succeed 🤡
здєсь водкі нєт таварісчь
Hahahaha XD
🤣
dear world please stop name moscow's lands as russia because it's an illegal naming as "russians" name themself. Rus has always been in the context of Ukraine because Ukraine it's just modern name of Rus
Please, there's no need to go that far.. Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Russian all come from Rus.
@@polyglotdreams your distinguishing is incorrect. In case when you call yourself as Russian that exactly means you are from Rus and not "Russia". Foreigns translate russians from ruskiye (рускіє - as nowadays "russians" name themself in "russian") BUT it's wrong! Because origionally Russian - русин and рускій - like-russian. Natively speaking you cannot to call the nationality as an adjective what "russians" do. They have built "russian empire" also by stealing the name (what they do all the time). And they created what you call russian language artificially based on Ukranian and Bulgarian. Ukraine has brought education and culture to "russian empire". And how long we have been trying to prove that "Kiev is incorrect and it's Kyiv", "Князь Volodymyr and NOT Vladimir" etc. They had been caught us to be the part of Europe. All I want to say that the treatment of the world to "russia" is absolutely mistaken
@@polyglotdreams why?russia formed from medieval territory Muscovy.
@@polyglotdreamsA part of European Russian territory was under control of Rus, but it doesn't mean that russia comes from Rus. It like modern Romania, which was a province of the Roman Empire. So is Romania from Rome? No. But the name is similar
Nonsense
Молевать, Я молюю, ты молчишь, он/он молчит, они молюют. Я думаю так на русском рисовать каракули. 😅
Playfully mixing up Russian verb conjugations and ending with a metaphor comparing this mix-up to scribbling in Russian.
Ukrainian is not a language, but a dialect of Russian polluted by Polish influence.
Соловьев тебе такое сказал? Или по телевизору в твою пустую коробку загрузили?
Russian is an east slavic language, dialect of church bulgarian with some ruthenian influence
You are wrong! I am native speaker of Ukrainian (Galician variety) and can say that Ukrainian is much closer to Slovakian and Polish than to damn language of rUssians!
Did you actually watch the video? I can understand your emotions but your statement does not reflect what is shown in the video. I didn't say it was closer to Russian.
@@polyglotdreams! yes, I did! I speak fluent Ukrainian, Polish and damned language of Moscovy (slightly modernized Solunina dialect of Old Bolgarian aka Old Charch Slavonic). I also understand Slovenčina and Ḉeștina, thus I know what I am talking about!
But in the video I do not deny that Ukrainian is somewhat closer to polish and Slovak
@@polyglotdreams Ukrainian has only 43% of the common features with the damned language of Moscovy, 85 % with Belarus, 75% with Polish Slovakian (depending on the Ukrainian dialect) and 70 % with the Slovak language.
Russian is a dialect of Ukrainian.
Try watching the video and learn something
@@polyglotdreams
I've learned enough. :)