Im an ancient 493 year old man, and this is by far the great explanation i have ever seen across the centuries I have roamed this earth. Liked, subscribed, and rang the bell.
I am 72 years old, hold a 2 year degree in electronics and was a product manager for 28 years for RF and DC calibration products sold directly to NIST. I wish your videos were around when I was a young student. Learning would have been much easier. Great presentation! Thanks!
As Noah's 4,234 year old son, I have never seen an example as clear as this! Struggled understanding the concept before, now I can go and build the second tower of Babel without any difficulties. Subscribed!
Excellent. All stuff I knew 50+ years ago as an engineering student, but forgot. Great re-education for me.I cannot wait to see more of your videos. The diaphragm and water wheel did the trick to making it understandable.
@@mar-tin702 Old farter's language. *grok* - _verb groks, grokking, grokked [with obj.]_ understand (something) intuitively or by empathy _■ [no obj.]_ establish a rapport
By far the best video on this topic, period. Brilliant explanation, brilliant analogy, brilliant animation. The world needs more people like you. Hats off to you and your team for working this hard!
Nice explanation. Many moons ago when I was in the Navy electrician school they taught us "ELI the ICE man" to help us remember. Voltage leads current in an inductive circuit = ELI and current leads voltage in a capacitive = ICE. Of all the things I did forget that was one of the things which stuck.
Same with me. Except I was Air Force. One other thing I learned in my Air Force electronics training was that current flowed from negative to posiitive. After the AF I went to college to get an EE degree. There they taught current flow from positive to negative.
Man- you made thing's so simple for me to understand! Given the much complex nature of stuff to grasp - your animations really are worthwhile n efforts r laudable!!! 👍
I wish my old electrical lecturer (RIP Charlie) had access to this video in 1976. The best description of impedance I have ever seen. Thanks and keep up the good work.
Resistance is the zeroth order reaction. Reactance is the first order derivative, in which an inductor opposes change in current with instantaneous change in voltage, and the capacitor resists change in voltage with instantaneous change in current. In brief, resistance is response to a constant. Reactance is a response change. Combining both reactive effects plus resistance, the sum is called impedance.
I'm fifth year electromechanical engineering student and this is the first time i see such a beautiful example to understand how impedance works. Thank you sir .
For someone that genuinely never understood electrical engineering as a whole -honestly not even 1% of it- ...Thought it was above my capabilities. Thank you, for sure a new sub!
I'm new to electronics, and some of the concepts are so hard to grasp. This is by far the best video I've seen, everything is SUPER easy to understand and extremely inspiring!
6:10 it is important to realize that the current in the circuit does not change. If water flows with (for example) 1 litre/minute through the narrow socket, then it also flows at 1 litre/minute in the wider tubes. It just moves faster through the narrow socket. Same in an electrical circuit; if you introduce a resistor, the flow of electrons (the "current") is the same everywhere in the (serial) circuit, including inside the resistor.
hello, what are you saying is that as long as the Force is the same in both cases, (case 1 pipe having same diameter, case 2 pipe narrows and then comes back at same diameter ) the flow of water would be the same? "Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli, a swiss mathemetician, who published it in 1738 in his book Hydrodynamics."
I agree. Also, if the voltage is analogous to force, which in water flow is due to pressure, then the introduction of a resistor in a circuit should affect the voltage and not the current.
I agree, was waiting to see how voltage/current lag would be shown with water, and the water wheel was perfect. There you can see without words how it works. Which has me thinking maybe the best explanations are ones that just boild everything down to untiuve bits, idealy without words, after all everything we're talking about is phsyical and we should be able to show what we're talking about with some sort of analogous action. I would love to see more mathematical relationships shown with action. I guess graphs are the closest thing but they're not intutive either, having to process mentally whats going on with a curve. Like a sine wave is circular motion through time but the graph doesnt make that obivouse. But say something like a gradient, you can see right away which parts are heavily concentrated which ones arent, its obviouse, a 2d graph you need to use a legend to figure out which was is up even.
The best way I remembered reactance from inductors and capacitance is ELI the ICE man. E for voltage, L for inductor, I for current, meaning voltage leads current in an inductance and I for current, C for capacitor, E for voltage, meaning Current leads voltage in a capacitor.
Thank you, thank you, thank you!! I needed this comparative visual so much. I was completely hung up on capacitive reactance until I watch the section on the elastic membrane. That's exactly what I needed to see to fit the pieces together in my head. Thank you so much
The elastic membrane analogy for a capacitor in an electrical circuit is genius. In most circuits it is hard to visualize that no current is actually flowing thru the cap, but there is still an energy exchange.
This video is certainly the best I have ever seen on this subject. I too devised this capacitor model of a membrane in a chamber many years ago and never seen anybody else using it before. I think that the only point you could improve is explaining that the paradoxical behavior of the current (or water) flowing ahead of the voltage (or pressure) being applied is due to the voltage stored inside the capacitor (or the elastic force of the stretched membrane). Of course that that does not work for the very first cycle.
I wish these types of video clips were available in youtube in 1999 2000 so i could understand better electronic theories. Text books were harder to understand.. I was a dumb EE student back in the days :)
Great explanations. I thought I had a question about the water wheel at 6:50 but after reviewing, seems sound. The way I remember which does what with regards to current lagging or leading in Capacitive or Inductive reactance is: If you have a circuit fed with a Resistor to a Capacitor to ground, the current in the Capacitor will initially be high as the voltage increases (It will initially be discharged and look like a short)....the current leads the voltage (Current being higher first) If you have a circuit fed with a resistor to an Inductor to ground, the current in the Inductor will be low as it initially resists current flow but the voltage will be high, later, the current increases so the current lags the voltage. (Current being Low first) Capacitance: Current Leads Inductance: Current Lags Hope this helps 😊 Hope I'm right...😏😂
As engineer to truly understand some things we must concluded it or verses it all it types. Sir u concluded this topic so well. U must be are professor.
Dear Sir, I noted that you use conventional current flow. I, too, use conventional flow, but some of my professors would give us both a zero for in actuality current flows in the opposite direction. Notwithstanding, I spent 50 years in industrial electronics and conventional flow has never let me down, it is much easier to comprehend, even though it is wrong.😂 you must have been trained by Malveno. Me Too, I think that he is the best author to ever come on the scene.
Excellent excellent excellent just amazing and great way to make us understand I have seen several videos but no one made us understand like this thank you so much 🎉 Love from India
The analogy to water is useful and with water flow the constriction causes a low pressure at the constriction and a velocity increase hence a friction increase (and energy dissipation) at the constriction.Due to the conservation of energy equilibrium equation increase of one will cause a decrease of the other factor.
Let's break down the differences between resistance, reactance, and impedance: Resistance (R): Resistance is a property of electrical components, typically represented by the symbol 'R.' It is associated with the opposition that a material or component offers to the flow of electric current. Resistance is constant in purely resistive components like resistors and is measured in ohms (Ω). It dissipates electrical energy in the form of heat. Reactance (X): Reactance is another property in electrical circuits, represented by the symbol 'X.' It is specifically associated with components that store and release energy, like capacitors and inductors. Reactance varies with frequency and is measured in ohms (Ω). It doesn't dissipate energy but rather causes phase shifts in the current. Impedance (Z): Impedance is a comprehensive measure of the total opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a circuit, represented by the symbol 'Z.' Impedance takes into account both resistance and reactance and is also measured in ohms (Ω). It accounts for the phase relationship between voltage and current in AC circuits. Impedance is used extensively in AC circuit analysis and design. In summary, resistance opposes current flow and is associated with purely resistive components. Reactance opposes changes in current and is associated with components like capacitors and inductors. Impedance is a combined measure of resistance and reactance and is crucial for analyzing AC circuits, as it accounts for both the magnitude and phase of the impedance in a circuit.
Thank you so much. That was fascinating 😀. I have an electronics lab in my apartment. I actually found a school that still teaches electronics. I'm going to start in December online. Right now I've been teaching myself from books I got from Amazon with experiments.😊
The term constant current was used in the early days of electricity, it is much better the the term direct current . It actually describes what’s going on .
Actually it is a bad idea. Because we talk about constant current supplies and constant voltage supplies. DC is the correct and better term. DC indicates the current flows in one direction, it does not have to be a steady current to be DC. Constant current means the current is steady and does not change.
@@deang5622 direct doesn't mean either of them anyway Maybe unidirectional or something else Direct doesn't point to it being constant or flowing in one direction
@@deang5622 while you are right because we can have changes in duty cycle for PWM and it can have 0 at times everyone understood anyway what it meant and in my country everyone that knows about still understands it
Honestly 1000s of hours in my engineering career have been spent before I watch this video and intuitively understand the physics of electrical systems.
I’m 60 years old and I have seen hundreds of videos on electronics. This is, undoubtedly, the best explanation I have ever seen. Subbed.
Glad to help
Yes- excellent explanation- much appreciated!
I totaly agree with you 👍🏻
Fix. Your name boomer
@@anakin_piewalker1458Don't be so insulting Gen Z.
Im an ancient 493 year old man, and this is by far the great explanation i have ever seen across the centuries I have roamed this earth. Liked, subscribed, and rang the bell.
This is my kind of humor 💀
@@jacobgriswold7215autistic humor
There are sooo many of these, finally someone made a joke about it! 🤣
Ur enough to evolved from monkey humanoid...😅
I am 72 years old, hold a 2 year degree in electronics and was a product manager for 28 years for RF and DC calibration products sold directly to NIST. I wish your videos were around when I was a young student. Learning would have been much easier. Great presentation! Thanks!
As Noah's 4,234 year old son, I have never seen an example as clear as this! Struggled understanding the concept before, now I can go and build the second tower of Babel without any difficulties. Subscribed!
In my 4 years of studying elecrical engineering, never seen such a excellent example like this
I'm at 2nd year and this just slaps.
I'm a ghost from 1845, never in my 178 years of being dead have i seen a better explanation than this, thank you so much.
Excellent. All stuff I knew 50+ years ago as an engineering student, but forgot. Great re-education for me.I cannot wait to see more of your videos. The diaphragm and water wheel did the trick to making it understandable.
You are welcome. Keep in touch.
45 years later, and I finally grok capacitors (in signal circuits, specifically). You did that. Thank you.
Thank you.
What is grok
to understand profoundly and intuitively@@mar-tin702
@@mar-tin702 Old farter's language.
*grok* - _verb groks, grokking, grokked [with obj.]_ understand (something) intuitively or by empathy _■ [no obj.]_ establish a rapport
@@10_ashutosh_01
...and what have you done for mankind, dear friend ?
This is probably the most straight forward, concise and precise explanation of the topic. Amazing pedagogical material.
This brought me back to my electronic engineering class! We were taught using the same analogy way back in 1980!
By far the best video on this topic, period. Brilliant explanation, brilliant analogy, brilliant animation. The world needs more people like you. Hats off to you and your team for working this hard!
If a picture can speak a thousand words, a video speaks a trillion. And this video in particular proves that these statements are true. Thanks 👍
Nice explanation. Many moons ago when I was in the Navy electrician school they taught us "ELI the ICE man" to help us remember. Voltage leads current in an inductive circuit = ELI and current leads voltage in a capacitive = ICE. Of all the things I did forget that was one of the things which stuck.
Same with me. Except I was Air Force.
One other thing I learned in my Air Force electronics training was that current flowed from negative to posiitive. After the AF I went to college to get an EE degree. There they taught current flow from positive to negative.
Another way is to remember - CIVIL- Capacitor - I current leads Voltage, Inductor (L) , current lags Voltage.
Man- you made thing's so simple for me to understand!
Given the much complex nature of stuff to grasp - your animations really are worthwhile n efforts r laudable!!! 👍
Glad to help!
I wish my old electrical lecturer (RIP Charlie) had access to this video in 1976. The best description of impedance I have ever seen. Thanks and keep up the good work.
Resistance is the zeroth order reaction. Reactance is the first order derivative, in which an inductor opposes change in current with instantaneous change in voltage, and the capacitor resists change in voltage with instantaneous change in current. In brief, resistance is response to a constant. Reactance is a response change. Combining both reactive effects plus resistance, the sum is called impedance.
I'm fifth year electromechanical engineering student and this is the first time i see such a beautiful example to understand how impedance works. Thank you sir .
For someone that genuinely never understood electrical engineering as a whole -honestly not even 1% of it- ...Thought it was above my capabilities.
Thank you, for sure a new sub!
Wow, thank you!
Damn you deserve the whole world.
I'm new to electronics, and some of the concepts are so hard to grasp. This is by far the best video I've seen, everything is SUPER easy to understand and extremely inspiring!
Prof MAD You Are The Boss Of All Explainers In Universe ❤
Best AC Analogy to date my brother! This is going to help a lot of people understand impedances! 😲😲😲😲😲😲😲😲
Thank you.
why do you need an AC anlogy to date your brother?
💀@@Larziskingful
6:10 it is important to realize that the current in the circuit does not change. If water flows with (for example) 1 litre/minute through the narrow socket, then it also flows at 1 litre/minute in the wider tubes. It just moves faster through the narrow socket. Same in an electrical circuit; if you introduce a resistor, the flow of electrons (the "current") is the same everywhere in the (serial) circuit, including inside the resistor.
hello, what are you saying is that as long as the Force is the same in both cases, (case 1 pipe having same diameter, case 2 pipe narrows and then comes back at same diameter ) the flow of water would be the same? "Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli, a swiss mathemetician, who published it in 1738 in his book Hydrodynamics."
I agree. Also, if the voltage is analogous to force, which in water flow is due to pressure, then the introduction of a resistor in a circuit should affect the voltage and not the current.
Depends on whether voltage or current is constant.
Should also cover Admittance, Conductance, and Susceptance - Helpful in parallel circuit analysis.
please!
And reluctance, astonishments, and perplexems.
absolute knowledge and I bet that my teacher woudnt teach me like that, hats off to U Prof Mad
This is the best analogy I've seen for inductance and capacitance.
Thank you.
I agree, was waiting to see how voltage/current lag would be shown with water, and the water wheel was perfect. There you can see without words how it works. Which has me thinking maybe the best explanations are ones that just boild everything down to untiuve bits, idealy without words, after all everything we're talking about is phsyical and we should be able to show what we're talking about with some sort of analogous action. I would love to see more mathematical relationships shown with action. I guess graphs are the closest thing but they're not intutive either, having to process mentally whats going on with a curve. Like a sine wave is circular motion through time but the graph doesnt make that obivouse. But say something like a gradient, you can see right away which parts are heavily concentrated which ones arent, its obviouse, a 2d graph you need to use a legend to figure out which was is up even.
The best way I remembered reactance from inductors and capacitance is ELI the ICE man. E for voltage, L for inductor, I for current, meaning voltage leads current in an inductance and I for current, C for capacitor, E for voltage, meaning Current leads voltage in a capacitor.
Explanation and depth of the subject is excellent.
Ideal balance of brevity and completeness. Bravo.
This video was a refresher for me. I am going to introduce it to my HVAC/R class. Thanks professorM
Thank you soo much.
Colleges are the most useless place I've been to😢
professors don't put any extra efforts for teaching. Just changing hundreds of slides in one hours
Why say so
Best explanation I've seen in my life.
Your lectures have the ability to make anyone understand engineering
VERY well done. Never understood this stuff until now. Excellent visuals and explanation. Thank you very much.
Glad it was helpful!
Very clear exposition, among so many contents useless to the dissemination of knowledge, here is something really well explained. Thank you very much
wow....in a very simple way ..u cleared all d complications regarding... electric parameters
Excellent description of the topics with easy to understand explanations accompanied by clear diagrams.
This is genuinely helpful for me in learning electronics, salute to you for giving us these great illustrations
nicely put together, well done! I only recently learned the differences, but this is an excellent: what-is-what explanation. thank you
Awesome, thank you!
Loved the analogy with water flow. This video cleared alot of doubts i had. Thanks a lot👍
When the current doesn't follow the voltage fluctuation probably there's anti current in their merge. Tickle. Thanks for the how they work lecture.
Thank you, thank you, thank you!! I needed this comparative visual so much. I was completely hung up on capacitive reactance until I watch the section on the elastic membrane. That's exactly what I needed to see to fit the pieces together in my head. Thank you so much
I'm so glad!
The elastic membrane analogy for a capacitor in an electrical circuit is genius. In most circuits it is hard to visualize that no current is actually flowing thru the cap, but there is still an energy exchange.
So far it's the best visual explanation of concept I've seen.
Been working in electronics for 3 years now and I like watching these videos whenever I have those brain freezes and I need a refresher 🤣
This video is certainly the best I have ever seen on this subject.
I too devised this capacitor model of a membrane in a chamber many years ago and never seen anybody else using it before.
I think that the only point you could improve is explaining that the paradoxical behavior of the current (or water) flowing ahead of the voltage (or pressure) being applied is due to the voltage stored inside the capacitor (or the elastic force of the stretched membrane). Of course that that does not work for the very first cycle.
I have never seen as clear as this explanation.thank you bro.
Kids are so lucky with the amount of resources available to them. I am jelly, wish I had this stuff in my schooling.
undoubtedly it is the best video on electronics that I have seen
OMG this channel needs way many more subscribers
As a 1st year ham radio operator I wish my study materials had explained these terms as well as you did. Now it all makes sense.
Amazing explanation indeed ! I have always been wondering what creates the lag and the lead. Now my questions are answered . Thank you!
The water analogy is genius. I never pictured it that way.
I wish these types of video clips were available in youtube in 1999 2000 so i could understand better electronic theories. Text books were harder to understand.. I was a dumb EE student back in the days :)
The best explanation for the difference between resistane, reactance and impedance I have ever seen. Thanks for the video 😃
Great explanations.
I thought I had a question about the water wheel at 6:50 but after reviewing, seems sound.
The way I remember which does what with regards to current lagging or leading in Capacitive or Inductive reactance is:
If you have a circuit fed with a Resistor to a Capacitor to ground, the current in the Capacitor will initially be high as the voltage increases (It will initially be discharged and look like a short)....the current leads the voltage (Current being higher first)
If you have a circuit fed with a resistor to an Inductor to ground, the current in the Inductor will be low as it initially resists current flow but the voltage will be high, later, the current increases so the current lags the voltage. (Current being Low first)
Capacitance: Current Leads
Inductance: Current Lags
Hope this helps 😊
Hope I'm right...😏😂
The best explanation ever by using mechanical concepts. Great job!
thanks so much! Im a first year engineering student and this helped me a lot, God bless!!
Very well explained using insightful animations/illustrations. 🦉
Thank you so much 😀
This is perfect! I needed a refresher and you just summarized the last three chapters of my first semester so well. Saved me several hours :D
Great job, if only school and college would explain things this way. I'm gonna stick around.
Finally a video I understand bless you brother
this is the clearest video I've ever seen
Best analogy so far
seriously, the best explanation of impedance. thank you so much
This video is by far the best video I have ever seen
Wow this is by far most the best I have seen so far. Sending to my kid 👦 right now!!
Tuvok narrating basic EE concepts is awesome 😉
As engineer to truly understand some things we must concluded it or verses it all it types. Sir u concluded this topic so well. U must be are professor.
Dear Sir, I noted that you use conventional current flow. I, too, use conventional flow, but some of my professors would give us both a zero for in actuality current flows in the opposite direction. Notwithstanding, I spent 50 years in industrial electronics and conventional flow has never let me down, it is much easier to comprehend, even though it is wrong.😂 you must have been trained by Malveno. Me Too, I think that he is the best author to ever come on the scene.
Best explanation about impedance that I ever saw! Thank you!
You're very welcome!
Excellent excellent excellent just amazing and great way to make us understand I have seen several videos but no one made us understand like this thank you so much 🎉
Love from India
Very good animation and explanation. This video helps students to understand these concepts easily. Well done.
Best video found ever for this explanation.thank you so much❤
excellent video!! been a student of electrical for too long. This is great explanation.
Excellent explanation, it's so simple and practical that even intelligent kids can understand these concepts 👏👏👏
Super!!🤪👍Ever I encounter so decent, well developed and made content - straight to the point and easy to understand. Prof please keep on!!!
This was wonderful, thank you - best use of water analogies I've seen yet!
The best explanation I've ever seen. Thank you.
Absolutely top-notch material!! Simple, clear, memorable. Thank you! With content like this, Prof MAD will grow like MAD! Wait for it....
Much appreciated!
Great job dear....you must have spent considerable time in creating this very good lecture
yeah. Thats correct.
Unbelievable, this was simple and plain to understand. Thanks alot
Best explanation I've seen so far. Thank you.
Resistance, Reactance , impedance ESR, V-loss and leakage. So many ways to test a Cap.
The analogy to water is useful and with water flow the constriction causes a low pressure at the constriction and a velocity increase hence a friction increase (and energy dissipation) at the constriction.Due to the conservation of energy equilibrium equation increase of one will cause a decrease of the other factor.
thank you for the very clear and intelligent explanation that I just watched
Let's break down the differences between resistance, reactance, and impedance:
Resistance (R):
Resistance is a property of electrical components, typically represented by the symbol 'R.'
It is associated with the opposition that a material or component offers to the flow of electric current.
Resistance is constant in purely resistive components like resistors and is measured in ohms (Ω).
It dissipates electrical energy in the form of heat.
Reactance (X):
Reactance is another property in electrical circuits, represented by the symbol 'X.'
It is specifically associated with components that store and release energy, like capacitors and inductors.
Reactance varies with frequency and is measured in ohms (Ω).
It doesn't dissipate energy but rather causes phase shifts in the current.
Impedance (Z):
Impedance is a comprehensive measure of the total opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a circuit, represented by the symbol 'Z.'
Impedance takes into account both resistance and reactance and is also measured in ohms (Ω).
It accounts for the phase relationship between voltage and current in AC circuits.
Impedance is used extensively in AC circuit analysis and design.
In summary, resistance opposes current flow and is associated with purely resistive components. Reactance opposes changes in current and is associated with components like capacitors and inductors. Impedance is a combined measure of resistance and reactance and is crucial for analyzing AC circuits, as it accounts for both the magnitude and phase of the impedance in a circuit.
Thank you for sharing this.
For further information related to electrical engineering you can visit my channel too. It will be glad for me to share the information to seekers
Seconding the thank you for sharing this! Both of you have the contributive, humble spirit that makes the world a better place!
Thank you so much. That was fascinating 😀. I have an electronics lab in my apartment. I actually found a school that still teaches electronics. I'm going to start in December online. Right now I've been teaching myself from books I got from Amazon with experiments.😊
Sounds great!
Your content is extremely valuable to me. Excellent presentations. 👍 Artie
The best video on Electrical behaviour I ever seen.
I am 63 this video reminds me again.thanks
Glad you enjoyed it
One of the best video I've ever seen.
The term constant current was used in the early days of electricity, it is much better the the term direct current . It actually describes what’s going on .
Thank you for the suggestion.
In roumanian we call it continous current
But it is often seen as DC when decades ago it was CC
Actually it is a bad idea. Because we talk about constant current supplies and constant voltage supplies.
DC is the correct and better term. DC indicates the current flows in one direction, it does not have to be a steady current to be DC.
Constant current means the current is steady and does not change.
@@deang5622 direct doesn't mean either of them anyway
Maybe unidirectional or something else
Direct doesn't point to it being constant or flowing in one direction
@@deang5622 while you are right because we can have changes in duty cycle for PWM and it can have 0 at times everyone understood anyway what it meant and in my country everyone that knows about still understands it
It is a mystery you revealed it and nailed it
Best channel ever in youtube, keep going please !
Excellent explanation sir
Thank you for your clear and precise explanation
An excellent demonstration you are a good teacher thank you so much
Glad it was helpful!
Honestly 1000s of hours in my engineering career have been spent before I watch this video and intuitively understand the physics of electrical systems.
the best explanation I have ever seen
Thank you sir ❤
You are genius, you made it easy to understand. There is difference between to know and understand.
It's my pleasure