@@chad3814I hope this is a joke… She’s obviously a doctor in her field, but not a medical doctor, which is the assumed doctorate in the context of face ignition
AMO physicist who has worked with rubidium BECs here. Theres one more useful thing about rubidium that makes it nice to use. You mentioned that rubidium is cooled using lasers, but what lasers are used for this? Well, you also mentioned that the spectrum of rubidium is a deep red (also near infrared). What else uses deep red and near infrared light? Like all of 80s to 00s tech. Think CD players, TV remotes, etc. This means that all the needed tech to control rubidium is mass produced, and so is cheap, works well, and is efficient. In contrast, my friend in the lab across the hallway is doing sodium experiments, which requires amber lasers (think sodium street lights). She cant use a normal diode laser, and is instead using a dye laser, which is large, has flowing liquid (dye), and is a big pain to operate.
I thought the CD player diode laser wavelength (and the surprisingly good performance of grating-stabilized ECDLs, which can be "homebuilt" relatively cheaply) was going to be the point she was getting towards, lol. Lithium also has a commonly used resonance at 670 nm, which is close enough to the 650 nm diodes used in DVD players to benefit from the economies of scale there, and has both a bosonic and a fermionic isotope in naturally occurring samples (unlike Rb where both isotopes have fermionic nuclei).
As an element collector, thank you so much for the shout-out! It really is a fun hobby. I encourage anyone that might be interested at all to just jump into it! You would be surprised at how many elements are around you at all times! Fun fact: Rubidium Nitrate is sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color, much like you might have heard of Strontium (Rubidium's next door neighbor) giving fireworks a red color!
Best part is you can field collect a bunch of elements with a hammer and chisel, or metal detector, or gold pan. Stuff like copper, silver, sulfur, bismuth, even specks of gold are out there to be picked up. Find a local rock & gem club to get started.
@RGAstrofotografia exactly the same. Be aware on the first day you'll want to dig a nice deep hole and then sleep in it that night, covered by the dirt, just to be safe. Though that might only be necessary here in Australia
I just started my first year at CU Boulder and I got a chance to talk to Eric Cornell at JILA and he was amazing. So passionate about the work he was doing and he spent 20 minutes just walking me through it.
Making a real life periodic table with minerals and pure elements has been on my to do list for a while. Thanks for adding a story to Rubidium. We geologists use Rubidium isotopes together with Strontium for radiometric dating. It is especially useful in figuring out melting processes in the crust and mantle since Rubidium is very incompatible and rather stays in the liquid than build in a mineral.
Meanwhile Eric Cornell is telling the story of how a gorgeous woman recognized him in a coffee shop and said "Oh my gosh, that's Eric Cornell!" and all he could think of to say was "Yeah ... hi ..." And later he died, and now he's dead.
Another important thing for certain experiments (especially neutral atom quantum computers) is that Rubidium forms a closed optical loop There’s two ground states |0> and |0*> and two respective excited states |1> and |1*> Oftentimes you want to have only one ground state |0>, which for Rubidium you can get by just exciting it and letting it decay, since the |1*> state usually decays not to the |0*> state but to the |0> state Great video tho, all hail rubidium :)
This channel is contending with “Steelers Depot” and “Historia Civils” for the prestigious award, “Pat’s favorite Channel”. I hope I didn’t apply too much pressure on anyone who’s chasing such an amazing award.
I used to work for a company that makes high grade pressure switches for the aerospace industry. My boss was this brilliant man telling me how we could improve that product using rubidium. He told me it has a very hard surface, so the contact wear is a lot better. Earning my MSEE I learned about AFM's, TSEM's and etc. AFM are rather amazing because they actually touch or nearly touch the surface of what you're looking at. There are many things you could sense by at the atomic level!
fun rubidium fact: Rubidium is a minecraft mod that is an unofficial port of the popular optimization mod Sodium to the modloader forge (as sodium runs on modloader fabric)
Oh my god my first thought when I saw this was literally just like hydrogen and quantum mechanics and there at 8:33 you bring it up. I love you Angela. You are the best.
Atomic clocks are hell of an industrial application. Every single cellular base station has rubidium-disciplined crystal oscillator to drive frequency generator. Millions of them use tons of staff.
First time watcher of your videos. Subscribed. Can't say how nice it is to get details like this. Presentation was on point, fun to listen to and improved by your clear knowledge of the subject. Plus, I HAVE been wondering "why rubidium" for a while now, so it's nice to find out. PS: Never been so glad to listen to the end of a video.
At 13:20 no tech applications - rubidium is used in high accuracy oscillators where the best oven controlled quartz isn't good enough or where you can't depend on GPS signals to correct for the long-term drift that quartz tends to have.
I got to attend a couple collegues' dissertation defenses and one reason they used rubidium specifically was because I think its most common isotope doesn't have hyperfine splitting, which makes forcing a certain transistion they were looking for easier
it does, both 87Rb and 85Rb have hyperfine structure. honestly partly it was coincidence, Carl Wiemann used diode ripped out of cd players, and those worked with Rb. then Rb had (luckily) good elastic scattering properties that made evaporative cooling easy. but Li, Na, K, Cs, and even Fr are used in the first group. and anti-hydrogen at ALPHA, not sure if laser cooling on normally hydrogen is a thing people do... i should probably know that...
@@tapiocaweasel Ted Hänsch's group is working on cooling and trapping regular hydrogen, Dylan Yost at Colorado state is too. Maybe others as well, idk. The problem is that Lyman Alpha is a massive pain to generate and work with (attenuates quickly in air so you have to have a lot of your optics in vacuum, and even then every reflection loses somewhere in the double digit percentage level of power, maybe 30%? I forget) and even doing two-photon stuff at 243 nm isn't that much easier
I'm am unreasonably happy to see hydrogen at the top of that Group 1 column; almost every Periodic Table I see has it up on its own in the top centre. Like, yes, it's also halide-like (i.e. missing 1 electron for a full shell), but whilst alkali metals increase in reactivity as you go up in mass, halides decrease in reactivity, and hydrogen is by no means more reactive than fluorine (but it is less reactive than lithium). Also, In the Hall of the Mountain King is one of my favourite pieces of non-modern music!
because rb is easy. i haven't used rubidium since my first couple years at JILA tho. its because the s-wave scattering length is ~100 a_0 (if you need collisions for evaporative cooling), and 780 nm is convenient diode wavelength
@@theaizere its reletivly abundant, which is nice. it's main transition is at 780 nm, which is convenient because diode lasers are cheap at that wavelength. its also magnetic, which is good sometimes. for the first BEC they used a magnetic trap, so you need a magnetic dipole moment. It also has good scattering properties, when two Rb (87) atoms hit each other don't tend to stick together (Rb85 does stick together). its also has a high vapor pressure, so you can get atoms in your vacuum chamber without too much work compared to strontium.
You can also excite the rubidium with RF at a wavelength that commodity hardware can hit. Now I just want to know why the quantum computer people were all excited for sodium.
I have a high-end audio interface made by Antelope Audio. This unit records and plays back digital audio. It uses a rubidium clock that is heated to a specific degree. Rubidium is used due to the stability of the release of electrons. If you read your physics papers where rubidium is discussed, you will read things that hint at frequency/wavelength/stability. Thinks like "frequency" or "stability" or "jitter" relative to digital audio. A more accurate element, used in at least one mastering house's custom digital clock, is plutonium. The danger of plutonium makes is impractical in most cases, and you need a waver from the department of defense to even have it in your possession, so that is why Rubidium is used in its place.
Yeah that is several orders of magnitude of overkill and completely imperceptible to any human, and a borderline scam. It's also not "the stability of the release of electrons" that's utilised, it's the linewidth of the rubidium hyperfine transition. Caesium clocks are more precise than rubidium ones, and hydrogen masers also have their place in the top end of the hierarchy, beyond that you're getting into research-level optical lattice clocks and ion clocks. I have never heard of anyone even proposing a plutonium atomic clock, that sounds like complete snake oil. A decent OCXO (oven-controlled crystal oscillator) will get you part-per-billion accuracy and is typically better for jitter (which is what actually matters for digital audio, no one on earth is going to notice a pitch being off by a part per billion) than an atomic clock. Atomic clocks aren't the best on short timescales, they shine when you can run them for a long time and average them down.
Rubidium oscillators are altso used in cellphone tech. From what I understand each base station contains one such oscillator. And they have a life of only so so many hours, after wich they are no longer to be relied on. And they are then sold. You can find them cheap on auction sites.
Rubidium is frequently used in atomic clocks as a cheaper alternative to Cesium clocks. You get a lower Alan variance when phase locking your OCXO crystal oscillator to GPS than to directly locking to GPS.. I've worked at many RF labs that used Rubidium clocks, where all of the test equipment was phased locked to a common 10MHz reference source. Even some of my ham radio friends use them. Rubidium is also useful for magnetometers. I understand that the most sensitive magnetometers use Rubidium cells. Spectra Physics Lasers started out making rubidium magnetometers before transitioning to making lasers circa 1963. I am curious about what the literature says about this... It takes advantage of a hyperfine transition of Rubidium 87..
YES Finally! Perfect timing. I think it was a Sabine video I recently watched where some experiment used rubidium and I wanted to shout out why always rubidium!
Minor update. You don't need to melt rubidium, or any other metal, to evaporate it. It's a really common misconception. Look at the vapour pressure curves of the elements versus temperature. You don't even see a discontinuity at their melting points. Most metal vapours are generated at lower temperatures through sublimation. The only time melting is useful is if you have a surface oxide you need to get rid of first to expose the pure metal.
Many years ago an engineer friend of mine told me during a discussion about advanced experiments and creating new elements. He said there is a lot yet to be done within the existing periodic table. This was the mid 70's. Along comes the Bose-Einstein condensate... Trapping of atoms in a laser beam. Cooling of atoms with a laser.
Idk if this is luck but the only time I have heard about Rubidium was a few weeks ago where we bought a device that had a Rubidium atomic inside and it was one of the sales points. Rubidium is a pretty cool sounding thing to have in your device imo
I noticed Ru was right under Fe (iron). 🤔 Lady Angela tells us they made a rubidium magnetometer. I'm guessing from the Periodic Table that Ru has ferromagnetic properties like iron, maybe even better.
I kind of get the impression that scientific papers are like UA-cam videos. Whatever topic is hot and trending right now, will get lots of video made or scientific papers written. If there is a trend that the grantors are funding, then that's what will get researched. In the publish or parish world of science research, the topics that make the grantors feel good about spending money, and having Rb in the title is trending for grant money, then I would not be surprised there are so many papers.
While irrelevant to the topic at hand, there is some truth to your statement, as evidenced by ArXiv being inundated with preprints such as "Density analyses for optimal lubrication of cylindrical bodies using Hoc2a methods."
just a thought i think maybe if you buy some bathroom silicone and fill a space with it and carefully place the little Rubidium cube (lettering facing down - watch out for air in the lettering) in the silicone, leave the top face as the surface. then you can cast the cube back if you need to. Maybe. You could then melt it also.
Problem is you can't ever expose the cube to air. It does annoying things like catch on fire if you do, but even if it doesn't it just crumbles into nasty looking oxides.
When I read the title I was thinking of Ruthenium which I used for an undergrad lab project, so when you held up a cube of it I thought it was like a $500-600 bauble.
I noticed a Corning Museum shop bag in the background! When did you go? What did you buy? I love CMOG! 🤩 I’ve spent a lot of time in The Studio at Corning - blowing glass, casting, and cold working. Love your videos - you make me feel smarter than I actually am when I listen to you talk :)
one cool obscure use of rubidium is that its chloride can be used as a mood stabilizer just like lithium but unlike lithium it acts as a stimulant and not sedative
Towards the end, when you talked the Nobel prizes two questions came to my mind: 1 - What's the element related to most Nobel prizes? and 2 - Are you gonna rant about this year Nobel prize or rant about people ranting about it?
"Don't lick it, your face will ignite. I dont know, Im not a doctor." lol
I mean in that other video she implied she was a doctor....
She clearly learned her lesson from the last video that she needs to put in disclaimers for that kind of thing.
She's so deadpan, I love it.
I'd love to see a list of elemental cubes that ARE safe to lick.
@@chad3814I hope this is a joke… She’s obviously a doctor in her field, but not a medical doctor, which is the assumed doctorate in the context of face ignition
"I don't know, i'm not a doctor" - Dr Angela Collier
damnit, Jim, i'm a physicist not a physician!
AMO physicist who has worked with rubidium BECs here. Theres one more useful thing about rubidium that makes it nice to use. You mentioned that rubidium is cooled using lasers, but what lasers are used for this? Well, you also mentioned that the spectrum of rubidium is a deep red (also near infrared). What else uses deep red and near infrared light? Like all of 80s to 00s tech. Think CD players, TV remotes, etc. This means that all the needed tech to control rubidium is mass produced, and so is cheap, works well, and is efficient. In contrast, my friend in the lab across the hallway is doing sodium experiments, which requires amber lasers (think sodium street lights). She cant use a normal diode laser, and is instead using a dye laser, which is large, has flowing liquid (dye), and is a big pain to operate.
I thought the CD player diode laser wavelength (and the surprisingly good performance of grating-stabilized ECDLs, which can be "homebuilt" relatively cheaply) was going to be the point she was getting towards, lol. Lithium also has a commonly used resonance at 670 nm, which is close enough to the 650 nm diodes used in DVD players to benefit from the economies of scale there, and has both a bosonic and a fermionic isotope in naturally occurring samples (unlike Rb where both isotopes have fermionic nuclei).
Wow. Great comment. Thanks for the insight. You answered about 3 or 4 questions I had that didn’t have to ask. 👍🏻
As an element collector, thank you so much for the shout-out! It really is a fun hobby. I encourage anyone that might be interested at all to just jump into it! You would be surprised at how many elements are around you at all times!
Fun fact: Rubidium Nitrate is sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color, much like you might have heard of Strontium (Rubidium's next door neighbor) giving fireworks a red color!
Best part is you can field collect a bunch of elements with a hammer and chisel, or metal detector, or gold pan. Stuff like copper, silver, sulfur, bismuth, even specks of gold are out there to be picked up. Find a local rock & gem club to get started.
@@canadiangemstones7636, just like Minecraft?
@RGAstrofotografia exactly the same. Be aware on the first day you'll want to dig a nice deep hole and then sleep in it that night, covered by the dirt, just to be safe.
Though that might only be necessary here in Australia
"why is it always rubidium?"
me who has never thought about rubidium a single time in my entire life: "honestly yeah why is it always rubidium?"
I had no idea what the video would be about when clicking on it but man what a great hook
I just started my first year at CU Boulder and I got a chance to talk to Eric Cornell at JILA and he was amazing. So passionate about the work he was doing and he spent 20 minutes just walking me through it.
I was with you all the way up to: "Have you ever been checking the physics archive..." but I love your videos 😃
The dry, slightly sarcastic, but also earnest humour is always on point
Making a real life periodic table with minerals and pure elements has been on my to do list for a while.
Thanks for adding a story to Rubidium.
We geologists use Rubidium isotopes together with Strontium for radiometric dating.
It is especially useful in figuring out melting processes in the crust and mantle since Rubidium is very incompatible and rather stays in the liquid than build in a mineral.
me:
angela: why is it always rubidium?
me: I need to know this. 🤔
That story about you meeting Eric Cornell in the coffee shop is my social anxiety nightmare 😭
So mortifying.. we all died along with her
Meanwhile Eric Cornell is telling the story of how a gorgeous woman recognized him in a coffee shop and said "Oh my gosh, that's Eric Cornell!" and all he could think of to say was "Yeah ... hi ..." And later he died, and now he's dead.
RIP Angela
Another important thing for certain experiments (especially neutral atom quantum computers) is that Rubidium forms a closed optical loop
There’s two ground states |0> and |0*> and two respective excited states |1> and |1*>
Oftentimes you want to have only one ground state |0>, which for Rubidium you can get by just exciting it and letting it decay, since the |1*> state usually decays not to the |0*> state but to the |0> state
Great video tho, all hail rubidium :)
cycling transitions, or rather the lack of them, is the bane of most laser cooling efforts in most atoms/molecules/isotopes
I wonder if Eric Cornell ever tells the story of that time in a coffee shop when . . .
💀💀💀
I suspect Mr. Cornell is too modest to boast about the time he resuscitated a dead woman.
I can't wait to unpack my new rubidium knowledge at the next party. ❤
I know right? Whenever I’m at a party and rubidium inevitably comes up in the conversation, I always used to feel like an idiot. Not anymore. 🎉
This channel is contending with “Steelers Depot” and “Historia Civils” for the prestigious award, “Pat’s favorite Channel”. I hope I didn’t apply too much pressure on anyone who’s chasing such an amazing award.
I used to work for a company that makes high grade pressure switches for the aerospace industry.
My boss was this brilliant man telling me how we could improve that product using rubidium. He told me it has a very hard surface, so the contact wear is a lot better.
Earning my MSEE I learned about AFM's, TSEM's and etc.
AFM are rather amazing because they actually touch or nearly touch the surface of what you're looking at.
There are many things you could sense by at the atomic level!
This video brought back all the trauma I have from my chemistry undergrad and my physical chemistry lecture. Thank you, all hail Rubidium.
NEW ANGELA VIDEO, LETS GO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Where we going
Woot! Gonna learn something today!
Yay! 🎉🎉🎉
@@zamplifyto watch the video
We are blessed this day
Great work, Doctor Collier. And even more fun. And letting people see how much fun science is is awesome.
You are an incredible you tuber.
I love this video. It's right up there with the one about glass. 🙂
fun rubidium fact: Rubidium is a minecraft mod that is an unofficial port of the popular optimization mod Sodium to the modloader forge (as sodium runs on modloader fabric)
Neither fun nor a rubidium fact
is there a Potassium mod
@@galoomba5559Potassium is a *modpack* based around Sodium that serves as a drop-in replacement for the does-it-all Forge mod Optifine
@@galoomba5559 It's a *modpack* built around Sodium, so: sort of.
@@galoomba5559 no :(
Oh my god my first thought when I saw this was literally just like hydrogen and quantum mechanics and there at 8:33 you bring it up. I love you Angela. You are the best.
Congratulations for 200k subs! 😊
It's pretty cool that "useless" Rubidium found its niche. It gives hope for us all :)
Atomic clocks are hell of an industrial application. Every single cellular base station has rubidium-disciplined crystal oscillator to drive frequency generator. Millions of them use tons of staff.
That ad hoc F/C conversion was epic! 😭
Rubidium is a gorgeous metal in raw form, especially when its rosy tint shows (not ingots.)
First time watcher of your videos. Subscribed. Can't say how nice it is to get details like this.
Presentation was on point, fun to listen to and improved by your clear knowledge of the subject.
Plus, I HAVE been wondering "why rubidium" for a while now, so it's nice to find out.
PS: Never been so glad to listen to the end of a video.
It's a new Dr Collier video. "It's fine."
At 13:20 no tech applications - rubidium is used in high accuracy oscillators where the best oven controlled quartz isn't good enough or where you can't depend on GPS signals to correct for the long-term drift that quartz tends to have.
I got to attend a couple collegues' dissertation defenses and one reason they used rubidium specifically was because I think its most common isotope doesn't have hyperfine splitting, which makes forcing a certain transistion they were looking for easier
it does, both 87Rb and 85Rb have hyperfine structure. honestly partly it was coincidence, Carl Wiemann used diode ripped out of cd players, and those worked with Rb. then Rb had (luckily) good elastic scattering properties that made evaporative cooling easy. but Li, Na, K, Cs, and even Fr are used in the first group. and anti-hydrogen at ALPHA, not sure if laser cooling on normally hydrogen is a thing people do... i should probably know that...
@@tapiocaweasel Ted Hänsch's group is working on cooling and trapping regular hydrogen, Dylan Yost at Colorado state is too. Maybe others as well, idk. The problem is that Lyman Alpha is a massive pain to generate and work with (attenuates quickly in air so you have to have a lot of your optics in vacuum, and even then every reflection loses somewhere in the double digit percentage level of power, maybe 30%? I forget) and even doing two-photon stuff at 243 nm isn't that much easier
"Have you even ever heard of Rubidium?" I did my 8th grade science project on it :D. All I remember is it is very reactive.
Worth watching to the end for a funny story!
Today he spots Angela and says...
"Omg, that's Angela Collier."
I'm am unreasonably happy to see hydrogen at the top of that Group 1 column; almost every Periodic Table I see has it up on its own in the top centre. Like, yes, it's also halide-like (i.e. missing 1 electron for a full shell), but whilst alkali metals increase in reactivity as you go up in mass, halides decrease in reactivity, and hydrogen is by no means more reactive than fluorine (but it is less reactive than lithium).
Also, In the Hall of the Mountain King is one of my favourite pieces of non-modern music!
I love the needlessly dramatic patreon reel
because rb is easy.
i haven't used rubidium since my first couple years at JILA tho.
its because the s-wave scattering length is ~100 a_0 (if you need collisions for evaporative cooling), and 780 nm is convenient diode wavelength
Hello, I'm a highschool student. By convenient do you mean easy to detect?
Best wishes
@@theaizere its reletivly abundant, which is nice. it's main transition is at 780 nm, which is convenient because diode lasers are cheap at that wavelength.
its also magnetic, which is good sometimes. for the first BEC they used a magnetic trap, so you need a magnetic dipole moment. It also has good scattering properties, when two Rb (87) atoms hit each other don't tend to stick together (Rb85 does stick together). its also has a high vapor pressure, so you can get atoms in your vacuum chamber without too much work compared to strontium.
@@tapiocaweasel Thank you for such detailed and thoughtful explanation!
Have a great day :)
I'd say rubidium clocks are a useful technical application... but simultaneously kind of a quantum physics thing.
*watching the first two minutes* dang this wizard casting all their spell slots at once
You can also excite the rubidium with RF at a wavelength that commodity hardware can hit. Now I just want to know why the quantum computer people were all excited for sodium.
Seinfeld: what's the DEAL with Rubidium?!
I have a high-end audio interface made by Antelope Audio. This unit records and plays back digital audio. It uses a rubidium clock that is heated to a specific degree. Rubidium is used due to the stability of the release of electrons. If you read your physics papers where rubidium is discussed, you will read things that hint at frequency/wavelength/stability. Thinks like "frequency" or "stability" or "jitter" relative to digital audio. A more accurate element, used in at least one mastering house's custom digital clock, is plutonium. The danger of plutonium makes is impractical in most cases, and you need a waver from the department of defense to even have it in your possession, so that is why Rubidium is used in its place.
I've heard of golden ears. Yours must be platinum.
@@RealDevastatiaGold costs more than platinum, lately.
Since the human ear can maybe detect jitter of 1 microsecond (unpublished experiment) rubidium clocking may be a bit over kill.
Yeah that is several orders of magnitude of overkill and completely imperceptible to any human, and a borderline scam. It's also not "the stability of the release of electrons" that's utilised, it's the linewidth of the rubidium hyperfine transition. Caesium clocks are more precise than rubidium ones, and hydrogen masers also have their place in the top end of the hierarchy, beyond that you're getting into research-level optical lattice clocks and ion clocks. I have never heard of anyone even proposing a plutonium atomic clock, that sounds like complete snake oil.
A decent OCXO (oven-controlled crystal oscillator) will get you part-per-billion accuracy and is typically better for jitter (which is what actually matters for digital audio, no one on earth is going to notice a pitch being off by a part per billion) than an atomic clock. Atomic clocks aren't the best on short timescales, they shine when you can run them for a long time and average them down.
Rubidium oscillators are altso used in cellphone tech. From what I understand each base station contains one such oscillator.
And they have a life of only so so many hours, after wich they are no longer to be relied on. And they are then sold. You can find them cheap on auction sites.
Coolio, this is like a "Periodic Videos" video hosted by Angela Collier.
hall of the mountain king seems like exactly the correct music for this cursed approximation
Call me basic but I don't think I will ever get tired of that piece.
Rubidium is frequently used in atomic clocks as a cheaper alternative to Cesium clocks. You get a lower Alan variance when phase locking your OCXO crystal oscillator to GPS than to directly locking to GPS.. I've worked at many RF labs that used Rubidium clocks, where all of the test equipment was phased locked to a common 10MHz reference source. Even some of my ham radio friends use them. Rubidium is also useful for magnetometers. I understand that the most sensitive magnetometers use Rubidium cells. Spectra Physics Lasers started out making rubidium magnetometers before transitioning to making lasers circa 1963. I am curious about what the literature says about this... It takes advantage of a hyperfine transition of Rubidium 87..
I dont understand most of this, but i still enjoy listening to it.
YES Finally! Perfect timing. I think it was a Sabine video I recently watched where some experiment used rubidium and I wanted to shout out why always rubidium!
LOVE those glasses. Do they come in "OMG your head is giant!" size? If not, I'll just cry myself to sleep...
09:35 Reminds me of simplifying complex electrical circuits using Thevenin's and Norton's theorems.
Angela For President
it's pronounced ketterlee i thought, Eric Cornell pronounces it Ketterlee. Eric is a BOSS, best advisor ever
Minor update. You don't need to melt rubidium, or any other metal, to evaporate it. It's a really common misconception. Look at the vapour pressure curves of the elements versus temperature. You don't even see a discontinuity at their melting points. Most metal vapours are generated at lower temperatures through sublimation. The only time melting is useful is if you have a surface oxide you need to get rid of first to expose the pure metal.
"to all of these wonderf.. ... to most of these wonderful elements"
Many years ago an engineer friend of mine told me during a discussion about advanced experiments and creating new elements. He said there is a lot yet to be done within
the existing periodic table. This was the mid 70's. Along comes the Bose-Einstein condensate... Trapping of atoms in a laser beam. Cooling of atoms with a laser.
I saw an ad for a trip to Mexico that advertised "Quantum Drinks" (normal cocktails) and "Holographic Beaches" (normal beaches), so yeah
Idk if this is luck but the only time I have heard about Rubidium was a few weeks ago where we bought a device that had a Rubidium atomic inside and it was one of the sales points. Rubidium is a pretty cool sounding thing to have in your device imo
Hall of the mountain king is a great closing credit move
That reminds me. I need to pick up some rubidium next time I go out. For... stuff.
I understood all of these words individually.
Big Rubidium wants this video taken down
All I know about rubidium is that it's used for atomic clocks, Thanks for telling us about the other fun things it's used for!
Element collecting is addictive. Luciteria is one of the best places.
eat the rubidium. (don't eat the rubidium)
Or do. I'm not a doctor
@@ortervesThe delivery on that line was so perfect I almost fell over
I'm in a superposition of not having eaten the rubidium.
It’s Angela time BB!!!!
I noticed Ru was right under Fe (iron). 🤔 Lady Angela tells us they made a rubidium magnetometer. I'm guessing from the Periodic Table that Ru has ferromagnetic properties like iron, maybe even better.
"platonic best friends roommates Gustav kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen"
Well now I can't not ship them
Oh hell yeah new video from one of my favorite youtubers!!
Angela: But don't just lick rubidium.
Me: Thoo laythe
Hah, I was just wondering this the other day when reading on possible gamma ray lasers. Why is the first suggestion always rubidium? Good timing!
A very fun and enlightening episode.
I kind of get the impression that scientific papers are like UA-cam videos. Whatever topic is hot and trending right now, will get lots of video made or scientific papers written. If there is a trend that the grantors are funding, then that's what will get researched. In the publish or parish world of science research, the topics that make the grantors feel good about spending money, and having Rb in the title is trending for grant money, then I would not be surprised there are so many papers.
While irrelevant to the topic at hand, there is some truth to your statement, as evidenced by ArXiv being inundated with preprints such as "Density analyses for optimal lubrication of cylindrical bodies using Hoc2a methods."
Edvard Grieg's ghost be like; "You know I've done other stuff, right?"
Yeah of course we know all about ... all the other pieces in _Peer Gynt._ Morning, Solveig's Song, etc. That's all he ever wrote, right?
I used to calibrate rubidium oscillators using cesium oscillators for Lockheed, among other equipment as a former Metrologist.
just a thought i think maybe if you buy some bathroom silicone and fill a space with it and carefully place the little Rubidium cube (lettering facing down - watch out for air in the lettering) in the silicone, leave the top face as the surface.
then you can cast the cube back if you need to. Maybe. You could then melt it also.
Problem is you can't ever expose the cube to air. It does annoying things like catch on fire if you do, but even if it doesn't it just crumbles into nasty looking oxides.
When I read the title I was thinking of Ruthenium which I used for an undergrad lab project, so when you held up a cube of it I thought it was like a $500-600 bauble.
Such a good video title. I should do something else right now but I just could not not click
Damn you're reading all those titles and I'm like "I like your funny words, magic man"
'Phased Plasma Rubidium in the Forty watt range.'
Angela, please do a video discussing Netflix’s 3 Body Problem. I’m confident you’ll have great insights about it.
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium all in a nice row of reactivity with water.
I like that old school test gear you got on that shelf.
😎😎🙏🙏
Almost all of the atomic clocks I've ever seen ar either cesium or rubidium.
That is the same type of triple beam scale that I used to own. I miss it so much.
I thought Mutable Instruments discontinued their Polarization-selective Nonlinear Resonator.
Fascinating to learn about rubidium, and to read all the nerdy science comments below. 👍👍
You're so insightful.
I love it 💐
9:42 "omg, that is Eric Cornell" Fan spazing over scientists is what we should strive for.😂
ur hair looks so good omggg
3:00 I heard the Gustaf often roasted Robert at parties.
He was a real Bunsen burner.
My daughter was in a play called radium girls. Still haunts me to this day.
Awesome new hobby unlocked
I noticed a Corning Museum shop bag in the background! When did you go? What did you buy? I love CMOG! 🤩 I’ve spent a lot of time in The Studio at Corning - blowing glass, casting, and cold working.
Love your videos - you make me feel smarter than I actually am when I listen to you talk :)
I never knew I needed to know about rubidium until today. Another great vid Angela! (LOL... "I died and now I'm dead". can't stop laughing)
Rubi Rhod approves
I *have* wondered that for a while. Thank you! :)
Yeah sure I'll watch a 20 minute video on rubidium. Sounds like a blast
Me trying to cook my signature dish for my physicist wife:
one cool obscure use of rubidium is that its chloride can be used as a mood stabilizer just like lithium but unlike lithium it acts as a stimulant and not sedative
6:10 She said the thing!
The power of rubidium!
Towards the end, when you talked the Nobel prizes two questions came to my mind: 1 - What's the element related to most Nobel prizes? and 2 - Are you gonna rant about this year Nobel prize or rant about people ranting about it?
Wake up babe! Physics Lady just dropped a new video!
the outro :D