How does a cylinder work? Hydraulic and pneumatic - Pascal's law
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- Опубліковано 28 тра 2020
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In this video, we will see the major differences between hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, their functioning, and their applications in the industrial sector.
Before starting, it is essential to specify that there are differences between the single-acting cylinder and the double-acting one.
The single-acting cylinder can be ruled in one direction only; and the fluid gas, which is spread by a pump or compressor, enters from one end only and pushes the stem out.
To guarantee that it returns to its original position, the single-acting piston is rejected by a spring integrated into the system.
The double-acting piston, differently from the single-acting one, can be moved directly by the operator in two directions, by sliding it back and forth along its axis. Consequently, there is inclusive control of the mechanical organ.
This system is generally the most used for the movement of many types of equipment. Thanks to the possibility of full control of the same without being subjected to waiting or the action of a return spring.
The common basic component used in these machines that converts fluid pressure into linear actuated motion is the hydraulic cylinder. As diggers on construction sites, assembly lines, but also industrial packing machines. In all these machines, the device which converts the pressure of a fluid into linear movement is the hydraulic cylinder.
In this video, we will explore the components of a hydraulic cylinder and understand its functional mechanisms.
Piston assembly shown here is the fundamental model of a hydraulic cylinder. It consists of a cylindrical bore with an end cap. Its function is to hold the fluid pressure when oil is pumped into the cylinder. A cylinder head is attached to the other end of the barrel. It completes the enclosure to hold the fluid inside the system. A piston rod extends from inside the cylinder through the head. It transfers the force from the cylinder to the equipment on which the cylinder system is used.
A piston is attached to the piston rod. It splits the cylinder bore into two compartments and reciprocates back and forth when the pressure is developed on both side of the cylinder chamber. A set of circular sealing rings are used in the interface of metals. These rings are assembled by making grooves in the metals. The seals used between the surface of metals in relative motion are dynamic seals and those acting between two surfaces at rest with respect to each other are static seals. A piston seal acts as a pressure barrier between two chambers separated by a piston. The guide rings prevent metal to metal contact and resist radial forces acting in the cylinder. A wiper seal is used to wipe dirt from the rod while entering through the head and prevent contamination of oil. A rod guide ring is used to absorb transverse forces acting on the system and prevents metal to metal contact of rod and cylinder head. Rod seal prevents the fluid from escaping the chamber. A buffer seal protects the main seal during peak pressures. A head static seal is used to seal the interface between cylinder head and cylinder barrel.
Now let's understand the operating principle of a hydraulic cylinder. The model shown here is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. In other words, this means that the system can extend or retract by using hydraulic fluid in both conditions.
The hydraulic cylinder functioning is based on the principle of Pascal, given by B. Pascal, a well- known French mathematician, who wrote the law of fluid physics in 1953. This law establishes that, when an increase in pressure occurs at a point of a confined fluid, this increase is also transmitted to each point of the fluid inside the container with the same intensity.
As we can see from the pictures, a passage is created in the cylinder to allow the liquid to enter the chamber, which we will name C-A. Since the chamber is airtight, the fluid will exert pressure on all sides. The piston is the only moving part inside the cylinder, so when the pressure rises inside the cylinder, the piston will begin to move. At the same time, it pushes the liquid into the chamber C-B which, exiting the cylinder, will have lower pressure.
Here, we can observe the hydraulic cylinder functioning on this digger. The cylinder is attached to a pump through some cables, which contain the hydraulic fluid. A control valve manages the introduction of the liquid into the cylinder chambers. - Наука та технологія
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A nice video with good animations on hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Thank you for sharing such instructive content !
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Thank you, this is super useful, a clear explanation
This is probably the best video Explaining hydraulic force applied to machinary.
Thank you! Very clearly explained.
very detailed explaination thanks !!
absolutely fine animation to understand whats happening
Nice video and nice animation
Hi friends - nice animation.
informative video, but what the honk is up with the textures on that 3d pump model? the flickering is distracting
Well done
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Please how can I get a model like this... I need one for a project
Thanx
When the piston reaches its limits what stops the oil flow?
What I don't understand is how the fluid is being introduced into the piston. Wouldn't the pressure inside of the piston rise as more water is introduced, thus needing more power to push more water in?
I believe that the extending arm on the end of the piston helps alleviate that pressure
Hello. I would like to make your video my reference to create a book. Would you mind?
Oil pressure is a best for air pressure
Sir my i have your permision to use your video to my video tutorial,but i translate in tagalog to explain,hope you granted me,thank you
circular sealer ring LOL you mean O-Ring
I still don't understand how a little bit of oil pumped into a chamber could create so much power.
it is because the pumps and lines work at (depending on the cylinder) a few thousand psi and it this pressure times the area of the cap on the back of the rod that determines the amount of force the cylinder can put out.
@@irongiant6112 Thank-you! I googled "how does a hydraulic cylinder work" and spent 25 minutes reading everything but the answer I was seeking. Your explanation is exactly what I was trying to understand!
coz lliquid is a nearly incompressible fluid. coz pressure is force / area and coz Pascal's Law
Theyre playing using surface area and speed/leverage. Yeah sure the price you pay is having to constantly fight against the friction. Pistons are kinda tight and most of them cannot be shifted by hand. But what you gain is a "leverage" due to the surface area. Coming from a pump or bladder, the pressure is kinda high but the flowrate and volume of the oil is quite low. But since the pressure is equal everywhere in that closed system, the force you get depends on how wide the area of the piston. But the catch is that the wider the piston size (bore) the larger the volume of space inside the cylinder that needs to be filled up with oil. We have discussed how the flow of the fluid is quite slow. If you have the same pump, but then swap to a thicker cylinder, you will get a lot of force but it will push very slowly. Its like using a crowbar where you have to move the other end a big distance just so you can pry off something and moving the other end of the crowbar just half an inch
@@irongiant6112 that explains part of my question but some follow up questions if I may: 1. how is a small pump capable of creating so much PSI to move dozens of tons of weight? What is the origin of all this power? 2. Also, all this force, how could the cylinder assembly / hoses contain it? Like water, I would imagine the oil, under pressure, would seek an easier exit point than push against that heavy cylinder rod? 3. As the hydraulic fluid is getting pumped into that vacuum, would not the extreme PSI push back on the pump? I imagine the oil would want to exit via the hole where it's getting pumped in rather than continuing to get compressed. Also, how is the system able to remove that pressurized fluid without a blowout (ie during lowering of the bucket or scoop)? We are talking great force and you know what happens when you open a soda bottle that has been shaken. TIA!
Soek pompie en pypie verplaas net olie na anderkant van silinder verentoe enagtertoe vir jek
Steam engine cylinders are essentially pneumatic cylinders, it occurs (duh) to me.
I'll just build this for my exosuit arm part(basicly a hydraulic cylinder that makes 2 parts put your amr in the shape it is told to and hold that and then you have more power) now just to like, make it a 3d model. after that I only need a pump.
Obrigado pelo video, me ajudou muito.
Why they spell single like that though
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