+Anton Petrov Its not the lack of Gravity that made Mars loose its atmosphere, it was the lack of Magnetic Field. Mars' Core had cooled down and stopped producing a Magnetic field. Without the Magnetic field, Mars lost its atmosphere due to a combination of the Solar Wind and its lower gravity.
The core cooled because of lack of mass and possibly because it lacked the radio active materials to keep the temperature up. As gravity is an effect of mass, you could say Mars lost its atmosphere due to losing the magnetic field, due to freezing of the core, due to lack of mass.
mgc7199 Well, it has enough Mass to have an atmosphere in the first place. It's more likely that the loss of a magnetic field was the case of it having such a thin atmosphere. Not to say that it had a thick one in the first place.
Sadistic Cannibal Yeah... and Space Engine ... holly shit i would buy the game if they all would work together on a game with infinite stars, planets and posibilitys :DDD Even if it would worth over 100$ :D
+Vale I recommend you search up No Man's Sky, it may not be exactly what your describing, but it's about as close as we'll get for a few generations. It may not have infinite stars, but I think an entire galaxy's worth will be enough for ya.
Mars has a thin atmosphere not because of low gravity. In fact, Earth would lose its atmosphere as well, if it hadn't been for the other reason: the liquid planet beneath the crust, and the magnetic field it generates. Solar wind is the flow of high speed charged particles from the sun into space. They are capable of attaching to other molecules and fly off with them. That's how atmospheres are lost. But Earth has a magnetic field, that directs the charged particles right towards the poles, at a steep angle, so they don't fly off out of the atmosphere again. That's how helium is able to escape Earth. It flies off to altitudes where the magnetic field has no influence any more, and gets taken away.
that's not entirely true. When I said gravity was the main reasons, I didn't mean to say that it was the only reason, it was simply the most important factor for maintaining stable atmosphere. e.g. Venus has no magnetic field and has a very thick atmosphere. the major reason most planets lack atmosphere is due to low gravitational pull, which then can be compounded by things like meteorite strikes that blast the gas molecules into outer space that are then energized by the solar wind and taken away. Magnetic field on our planet prevent certain light elements from escaping, but the heavy elements never even make it that high.
Anton Petrov you are correct. Venus does not generate an internal magnetic field. But, in this case, Titan (Saturn's moon) has significantly less mass, yet it has an atmosphere more massive than that of Earth's. Being inside Jupiter's magnetic field protects it. We still know very little about the history of the other bodies in the solar system, but this sheds some light on the atmosphere of Venus: www.astrobio.net/topic/solar-system/venus/a-magnetic-surprise-from-venus/
Donnie Yes, the major factor would be gravity, but another important factor is the distance to the host star. In order for atmospheric escape to occur, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules needs to be stronger than gravitational potential energy. If they're closer to the star than they are more energized and if the average velocity of the given molecule is more than the escape velocity of that planet, than they can escape into space (although for Early Earth, there was a tiny fraction of hydrogen that escaped over time where the rest followed for billions of years.). Celestial bodies further out can hold onto a wider variety of molecules since the temperature of the planet is lower. Also, the average velocity of a given molecule depends on the type of element. Hydrogen is so light that it would move twice as fast as a bullet on Earth, while O2 is 16 times more massive in comparison. But even though Mars is generally much colder, it has a much smaller mass, so lack of gravity is the major contributor for why Mars can only hold onto certain elements in its thin atmosphere. Also, the planet properties themselves highly depend on where they formed from the protoplanetary disk. Rocks or iron for example condense at very high temperatures (~>1000 K), all the way to solid. This is why Mercury is mostly comprised of these elements. Past the frost line (3 AU) water can condense and so you can build planets from different materials such as rocks, iron and ice. You can build cores with water ice, methane ice and for the most extreme distances, ammonia ice. This accumulation results in planets like Jupiter because of the fact that it had access to a wider variety of materials, resulting in a bigger core, therefore holding on to a large atmosphere of all those gases with its stronger gravitational pull. Although Titan is less massive than Earth, it's able to hold onto a thicker atmosphere because it's further away, so the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is less. The lakes of methane and ethane evaporate where ultraviolet radiation from the sun reacts and rains down hydrocarbons, creating the interesting hydrocarbon landscape of Titan, where the foggy feature of its atmosphere is a result of this process. The distance from the Sun is probably the most important factor, with the flux and solar wind energy being low, although it's not known why moons such as Callisto lack one, although cometary impacts could be a contributor due to Jupiters higher gravitational pull, but unlikely to be the major reason (closer proximity to the Sun?). It may relate to the magnetic field of its host planet, although magnetic fields are generally used as an explanation for many things due to the lack of understanding of them.
Donnie " Being inside Jupiter's magnetic field protects it." not only this, Since the moon is so far away from the sun the solar wind particles are less dense and have a substantially lower impact on the atmosphere.
Actually Mars didn't lose atmosphere because of it's gravity. It was because Mars' magnetic field, which is very weak, so the solar wind vanished it's atmosphere away.
+NomeInvalido Actually it is weak because mars' core has cooled. Thus, there is no more convection that causes the magnetic field. But yes, gravity had some influence in that process.
This sandbox is awesome, but it lacks one force. a very very major force. Magnetism. The universe operates on electromagnetic forces no one really knows.
Actually it does have enough mass to hold an atmosphere (though only a thin one). The main reason it doesn't even have that is because there is almost no magnetic field around it, so what atmosphere it does have is ripped away by solar winds, whereas on Earth the energetic particles form the sun get deflected off to the sides.
+Fakjbf Best comment I've read so far. I like how you acknowledge the small amounts of things, instead of everyone saying 'no' or 'none' about everything. I don't think most people are aware of the pockets of magnetosphere that are on Mars. Nothing like earths but not non existant. Google is an incredibly underused tool for intelligent topics.
Some guys did a study at NASA where they looked into placing a small satellite generating a modest magnetic field at a lagrange point between the sun and mars. It takes surprisingly little simulate the effects of a magnetic field and divert the solar wind.
Basically we could take gases from venus and put them on other planets and kill two birds with one stone, the main problem is that mars has no magnetic field and thus could not sustain a significant atmosphere.
Anton Petrov: Can you turn back the Sandbox clock and run terraforming Mars BACKWARDS to a time when it was a warmer, watery planet with a breathable atmosphere? Now that would be even more interesting!
Some parts of Mars gets to 20 degrees Celsius right now, so putting ice near the equator would turn to liquid if the atmosphere was thicker (going by the phase diagram of water).
Anton Petrov I like your fancy accent, it sounds Slavic, I also like German spelling of English words, it looks fancy, but the accent you speak in is pretty fancy, isn't it?
Jacob Griffin haha thank you, Jacob. it's a mixture of Slavic, Canadian and a bunch of others. There's probably a bit of Korean as well as it's where I live now
I don't think you all understand; eve if we could terraform mars and make it habitable. The people who lived there would grow really large, like dinosaurs, because of the low gravity. If they would to come back to earth they would be even able to get out of bed because of the strong gravitational pull. Not to mention how LARGE a martian's spaceship would have to be to hold one of them; let alone a team of martians
Mars lacks an atmosphere because it is geologically inactive. The core cooled, and so there is no dynamo creating a magnetic field that would shield the atmosphere from the solar wind. As a result most of the atmosphere escaped. In addition, there is no carbon cycle like earth has. Which is another issue, as carbon is not released and then stored back into the martian terrain.
Anton Petrov: Re terraforming Mars, between 1:00 and 1:15 you say in essence about Mars "...needs more gravity and we can't really doing anything about this unless we collapse something really big with it and that's something I don't think we can do for many, many years." What about if Mars and Venus were combined and terraformed to be habitable by humans (or other technologically-advanced, neighbouring beings of similar biology) in the very, very long term? If you haven't already, would you ever consider doing a video on this possible scenario? It would be fascinating to examine this theoretically and scientifically, using Sandbox of course. It seems to me that such a massive terraforming undertaking would produce, literally, the best of both worlds on an admittedly immensely-long TIMESCALE*, and obviously requiring an enormous amount of tweaking afterwards, to get it right but making for the best possible outcome. If you have already done a video on this hypothetical project, would you please refer me to it. *Let's say it takes a BILLION YEARS and this is bypassing the problem actually HOW these two planets could conceivably be physically shifted out of their present orbits to a point in Space where they could or would eventually collide. Furthermore, it's not taking in account how the combined mass of this new object (we could rename it "MarVen" or "VenMar") would/could gravitationally affect the orbit of the Earth (if it still exists in such a far-flung future) around the Sun. Also the debris from the collision hurled into Space then surrounding the object is ignored. Thank you kindly in advance for any future thoughts you may have on this idea, Anton, and notification of any video that's tackling this stupendous subject, now that I've subscribed.
We should give up on the idea to terraform Mars. Hundreds of trillions of dollars and possibly a century of work to warm the planet and give it an atmosphere and people will still have to live underground because Mars doesn't have a molten core to generate a protective magnetic field.
mass has very little to do with holding atmosphere. Venus is not much bigger than Mercury but has a crazy thick atmosphere. what I'm getting at is you don't need mass you need an EM field without the EM field even a planet 10x bigger than earth would loose most if not all the atmosphere. just wanted to correct that small fact so maybe in future videos you can try building up the EM field as a means holding the atmosphere
Great video mate. Much more realistic than other videos out there. Would it be possible to create a magnetic field for Mars since it doesn't have a molten core?
Getting your oxygen from the substrate (rust) is not really the best way to do it if you are really talking about terraforming. The best thing to do would be to introduce some photosynthetic organisms like algae. They produce organic matter from water and carbon dioxide (xCO2 +xH2O -> [CH2O]x + xO2). You can reduce Iron so it will let go of the oxygens, but in oxygen rich environments iron gets oxidized ;). Maybe you could achieve it by replacing oxygen with a stronger oxidizer like sulfate. Still, I would go for introducing photosynthetic organisms. There is no better terraformer than life. And for possible human settlers there will be a source of organic matter to sustain themselves.
Cool, have this Simulator the same Music like KerbalSpaceProgram, or have you manually insert that Music? ;) LAst but not least: interesting Video, Thumbs up :)
Hi, thanks for the comment. It's actually not from KSP, it's a free downloadable music from Incompetech - that's what a lot of games use today without paying royalties. They have over 200 various tunes
Lyphrus I might be wrong, but I believe the music is by Kevin MacLeod who's known for royalty free tunes that are widely used. KSP uses royalty free music made by him. They don't have an actual composer as far as I know
AnTREXon gaming I'm just saying since he switched over to this game he probably had an influence on what music might be played. Cause there's plenty of Royalty Free Music and they happen to use very similar tracks.
I did not want to initiate a dispute over copyrights ^^ I just wanted to know, if the music is a basic part of the game or was it even manually inserted into the Video. :)
Of cause the assumption that Mars' gravity is not strong enough to hold an atmosphere is wrong in many ways, the fact alone that, according to this theory, Mars was "somehow" able to hold an atmosphere before for millions and maybe even billions of years, disproof's it. because in order to loose an atmosphere, there need to be one in the first place. Like some in the Comment section already have pointed out, this more has something to do with Mars' weak magnetic field. But then again, Mars would have needed a much stronger and stable magnetic field over millions and billions of years in the past to be able to create and hold a atmosphere in the first place. These conditions doesn't simply change suddenly. So obviously these changes didn't happen over millions of years out of no reason, but suddenly, triggered by an unknown (maybe cosmic, maybe unnatural) event. Mars was a habitable Planet in the past, and that for a long time, maybe even long before earth, even scientists can tell you this, the dry channels and oceans created by once liquid water should be proof enough for that. Mars once was a world very similar to our Earth today, just like Venus was, and that wasn't even that long ago, maybe not even a million years.
there were several factors, main is the lack of strong gravity to hold things together. If it had more gravity, it would be easier to maintain the atmosphere. More info here: science.time.com/2013/07/23/revealed-how-mars-lost-its-atmosphere/
Well, yes it did. The thing that was keeping the magnetic field going was all the asteroids that were lying about. As the asteroids settled into planets, there was nothing that was keeping Mars' core liquid, and so the solar winds stripped the atmosphere. How to re-ignite Mars' core? Well, we could just dig a hole into the core and drop a few nukes in. After a while you just have to drop a nuke in only when the core is cooling. Finally a good use for our nukes!
I like your videos, I didn't know about albedo I went about it the hard way we blowing up the core of Mars heating the planet while 'reseting' it forcing it generate a stronger magnetic field then import oxygen BLAH BLAH BLAH. I wrote like 500 words on it.
Scratch that though but at the beginning of the episode why were there hints of fake blue that looked like lakes? I've never seen that on pictures of Mars
you have to fix the core of Mars then change the Moon from to a bigger Moon for Mars to be able to terraform it correctly if you don't you still have the problem that get 3.8 billion years ago when it lost its twin sister and became our moon Theory became our moon the twin sister of Mars
Question! If what you say is true that one of the main reasons mars doesn't have a atmosphere is because of its low grav.? Can you please explain why Titan still has one please because I would like to know.
It's actually a good question and there's still no clear answer to that, but one of the reasons is the composition of that atmosphere. Titan has mostly Nitrogen (98%) with occasional methane and a few other molecules that are not present in the atmosphere of Mars. It's also sheltered from meteorite bombardment and other environmental effects by its parent body. Finally, it's very likely that it's constantly showered by various molecules from other satellites so it accumulates a lot of the materials (being the most massive of all of the moons in the area), so it's sort of like that big brother that steals your toys
IF you are going to expound on planetology please look things up more thoroughly 1st in newer sources. Older text books and web information WILL say that "Mars lost its atmosphere because it was too small". It is now known that this is overly simple: Titan, Saturn's moon has a thicker atmosphere than Earth yet has a mass around that of the Moon! Distance from the Sun, mass, AND magnetic field all contribute to what sort of atmosphere if any you will find. In the case of Mars mass and magnetic field are important, with the lack of magnetic field most critical. Mars apparently once had a decent magnetic field but only scattered traces now remain. No one knows for sure, but it's thought by some planetologists that at least one massive collision with another object stopped Mars' core circulation, shutting off the magnetic field and allowing the solar wind to erode away Mars' atmosphere much more easily The huge impact which literally blasted a good chunk of the northern hemisphere of Mars away may have done it.
I don't think we would ever be able to terraform a planet using greenhouse gases because most of the Co2 on earth comes from the South American rainforrests and only a small amount from big cities and machinery so producing that much Co2 in real life to warm a planet any significant amount is way off into the future if even ever possible.
Terraforming Mars and keeping its atmosphere is possiable. Just somehow and I say somehow make a magnetic field or make a artificial one. Correct me if this is invalid.
Uh, Mars actually does have an atmosphere. Don't just go believing everything that NASA says. They take Monochrome images of this planet and paint over it to have a red sky. Breathing gases like Oxygen could never be red on a planet.
I love how the Martian landmasses look with an ocean around them. The volcano island is a cool thing to have, too.
+Anton Petrov Its not the lack of Gravity that made Mars loose its atmosphere, it was the lack of Magnetic Field. Mars' Core had cooled down and stopped producing a Magnetic field. Without the Magnetic field, Mars lost its atmosphere due to a combination of the Solar Wind and its lower gravity.
The core cooled because of lack of mass and possibly because it lacked the radio active materials to keep the temperature up.
As gravity is an effect of mass, you could say Mars lost its atmosphere due to losing the magnetic field, due to freezing of the core, due to lack of mass.
mgc7199 Mars did not loose any Mass as there are no massive chunks of the planet missing.
It was never very massive to begin with. That kind of 'lack'. I didn't mean to imply it losing mass was the cause.
mgc7199 Well, it has enough Mass to have an atmosphere in the first place.
It's more likely that the loss of a magnetic field was the case of it having such a thin atmosphere. Not to say that it had a thick one in the first place.
These terraforming videos are the first videos I watched on your channel. Good memories and I enjoy this channel to this day!
00:45
no. it was because of the magnetic field.
I can prove this by pointing out how titan is smaller than mars and it has a 150 kpa atmosphere
This game + Kerbal Space Program = EPIC :DD
Vale that's kind of what I've been waiting for as well
Sadistic Cannibal Yeah... and Space Engine ... holly shit i would buy the game if they all would work together on a game with infinite stars, planets and posibilitys :DDD Even if it would worth over 100$ :D
+Vale I recommend you search up No Man's Sky, it may not be exactly what your describing, but it's about as close as we'll get for a few generations.
It may not have infinite stars, but I think an entire galaxy's worth will be enough for ya.
+Sadistic Cannibal best of luck dude if you want i can beta test it if you do happen to make this game
+Vale Imagine being able to terraform in Star Citizen.
Mars has a thin atmosphere not because of low gravity. In fact, Earth would lose its atmosphere as well, if it hadn't been for the other reason: the liquid planet beneath the crust, and the magnetic field it generates.
Solar wind is the flow of high speed charged particles from the sun into space. They are capable of attaching to other molecules and fly off with them. That's how atmospheres are lost. But Earth has a magnetic field, that directs the charged particles right towards the poles, at a steep angle, so they don't fly off out of the atmosphere again.
That's how helium is able to escape Earth. It flies off to altitudes where the magnetic field has no influence any more, and gets taken away.
that's not entirely true. When I said gravity was the main reasons, I didn't mean to say that it was the only reason, it was simply the most important factor for maintaining stable atmosphere.
e.g. Venus has no magnetic field and has a very thick atmosphere. the major reason most planets lack atmosphere is due to low gravitational pull, which then can be compounded by things like meteorite strikes that blast the gas molecules into outer space that are then energized by the solar wind and taken away.
Magnetic field on our planet prevent certain light elements from escaping, but the heavy elements never even make it that high.
Anton Petrov you are correct. Venus does not generate an internal magnetic field.
But, in this case, Titan (Saturn's moon) has significantly less mass, yet it has an atmosphere more massive than that of Earth's. Being inside Jupiter's magnetic field protects it.
We still know very little about the history of the other bodies in the solar system, but this sheds some light on the atmosphere of Venus:
www.astrobio.net/topic/solar-system/venus/a-magnetic-surprise-from-venus/
Donnie Yes, the major factor would be gravity, but another important factor is the distance to the host star.
In order for atmospheric escape to occur, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules needs to be stronger than gravitational potential energy. If they're closer to the star than they are more energized and if the average velocity of the given molecule is more than the escape velocity of that planet, than they can escape into space (although for Early Earth, there was a tiny fraction of hydrogen that escaped over time where the rest followed for billions of years.).
Celestial bodies further out can hold onto a wider variety of molecules since the temperature of the planet is lower. Also, the average velocity of a given molecule depends on the type of element. Hydrogen is so light that it would move twice as fast as a bullet on Earth, while O2 is 16 times more massive in comparison. But even though Mars is generally much colder, it has a much smaller mass, so lack of gravity is the major contributor for why Mars can only hold onto certain elements in its thin atmosphere.
Also, the planet properties themselves highly depend on where they formed from the protoplanetary disk. Rocks or iron for example condense at very high temperatures (~>1000 K), all the way to solid. This is why Mercury is mostly comprised of these elements. Past the frost line (3 AU) water can condense and so you can build planets from different materials such as rocks, iron and ice. You can build cores with water ice, methane ice and for the most extreme distances, ammonia ice. This accumulation results in planets like Jupiter because of the fact that it had access to a wider variety of materials, resulting in a bigger core, therefore holding on to a large atmosphere of all those gases with its stronger gravitational pull.
Although Titan is less massive than Earth, it's able to hold onto a thicker atmosphere because it's further away, so the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is less. The lakes of methane and ethane evaporate where ultraviolet radiation from the sun reacts and rains down hydrocarbons, creating the interesting hydrocarbon landscape of Titan, where the foggy feature of its atmosphere is a result of this process. The distance from the Sun is probably the most important factor, with the flux and solar wind energy being low, although it's not known why moons such as Callisto lack one, although cometary impacts could be a contributor due to Jupiters higher gravitational pull, but unlikely to be the major reason (closer proximity to the Sun?). It may relate to the magnetic field of its host planet, although magnetic fields are generally used as an explanation for many things due to the lack of understanding of them.
we can terraform mars just gotta hit it with bunch of asteroids it would take few thousand years but it could be our second home
Donnie " Being inside Jupiter's magnetic field protects it." not only this, Since the moon is so far away from the sun the solar wind particles are less dense and have a substantially lower impact on the atmosphere.
Actually Mars didn't lose atmosphere because of it's gravity. It was because Mars' magnetic field, which is very weak, so the solar wind vanished it's atmosphere away.
+Estevan Candel but the magnetic field is weak because of his mass, so...
+NomeInvalido Actually it is weak because mars' core has cooled. Thus, there is no more convection that causes the magnetic field.
But yes, gravity had some influence in that process.
You sound smart
actually, hydrogen can melt mars' core to make stronger magnetic field
Or maybe nuclear war
This sandbox is awesome, but it lacks one force. a very very major force.
Magnetism. The universe operates on electromagnetic forces no one really knows.
Poor Mars it never will be able to have stable good atmosphere again.
Actually it does have enough mass to hold an atmosphere (though only a thin one). The main reason it doesn't even have that is because there is almost no magnetic field around it, so what atmosphere it does have is ripped away by solar winds, whereas on Earth the energetic particles form the sun get deflected off to the sides.
+Fakjbf Best comment I've read so far. I like how you acknowledge the small amounts of things, instead of everyone saying 'no' or 'none' about everything.
I don't think most people are aware of the pockets of magnetosphere that are on Mars. Nothing like earths but not non existant. Google is an incredibly underused tool for intelligent topics.
Some guys did a study at NASA where they looked into placing a small satellite generating a modest magnetic field at a lagrange point between the sun and mars. It takes surprisingly little simulate the effects of a magnetic field and divert the solar wind.
So, in Mars, we wouldn't worry about releasing green house gases... that would be good.
Basically we could take gases from venus and put them on other planets and kill two birds with one stone, the main problem is that mars has no magnetic field and thus could not sustain a significant atmosphere.
Anton Petrov: Can you turn back the Sandbox clock and run terraforming Mars BACKWARDS to a time when it was a warmer, watery planet with a breathable atmosphere? Now that would be even more interesting!
Terraform a black hole :3
That's impossible -_-
How did he terraform the Sun then ;-;
Thescelosaurus Productions they're quite different things
Well...Hmm
Thescelosaurus Productions That would be funny to see him try though
Every time I watch your videos, I end up spending hours inside US2, doing random little experiments like this.
I think The creator of this game was born to this. This is The perfect game for me and a lot of people.
Reminds me of KSP (due to the music) and Spore (due to the machinery)
Is that the music from Kerbal Space Program?
it's used in that game too, but it's actually from Incompetech - the copyright free music resource that many game designers and youtubers use
I think it was used in the begging of A.I.
Some parts of Mars gets to 20 degrees Celsius right now, so putting ice near the equator would turn to liquid if the atmosphere was thicker (going by the phase diagram of water).
i love these videos so much
This looks like great fun
Fascinating video but can any planets be terraformed and support life even if it's not in the habitable zone?
theoretically they can if you can change several factors like albedo, atmosphere and greenhouse effects
Anton Petrov Thanks! :D
Anton Petrov
I like your fancy accent, it sounds Slavic, I also like German spelling of English words, it looks fancy, but the accent you speak in is pretty fancy, isn't it?
Jacob Griffin haha thank you, Jacob. it's a mixture of Slavic, Canadian and a bunch of others. There's probably a bit of Korean as well as it's where I live now
***** Interesting, thanks!
I don't think you all understand; eve if we could terraform mars and make it habitable. The people who lived there would grow really large, like dinosaurs, because of the low gravity. If they would to come back to earth they would be even able to get out of bed because of the strong gravitational pull. Not to mention how LARGE a martian's spaceship would have to be to hold one of them; let alone a team of martians
That's not how it works.....
Yes, it is the mass, the low mass means core convection ceased very early in Mars' history. No core convection no magnetic field.
How to make Mars into a green planet? Because I'm always waiting for that! BTW, I really like your channel, you're doing a fantastic job!
Mars lacks an atmosphere because it is geologically inactive. The core cooled, and so there is no dynamo creating a magnetic field that would shield the atmosphere from the solar wind. As a result most of the atmosphere escaped. In addition, there is no carbon cycle like earth has. Which is another issue, as carbon is not released and then stored back into the martian terrain.
The First Episode I've Seen From You
if you try this again, you should divert some asteroids on a collision course to mars. it might jump start its plate tectonics.
"This is CNN News and we report Mars is having a climate breakdown!"
I wanted to see terraforming using other objects not adding and removing some statistics.
+Damian Wójcik It is a space simulator with facts and figures not a build your planet simulator.
Anton Petrov: Re terraforming Mars, between 1:00 and 1:15 you say in essence about Mars "...needs more gravity and we can't really doing anything about this unless we collapse something really big with it and that's something I don't think we can do for many, many years." What about if Mars and Venus were combined and terraformed to be habitable by humans (or other technologically-advanced, neighbouring beings of similar biology) in the very, very long term? If you haven't already, would you ever consider doing a video on this possible scenario? It would be fascinating to examine this theoretically and scientifically, using Sandbox of course. It seems to me that such a massive terraforming undertaking would produce, literally, the best of both worlds on an admittedly immensely-long TIMESCALE*, and obviously requiring an enormous amount of tweaking afterwards, to get it right but making for the best possible outcome. If you have already done a video on this hypothetical project, would you please refer me to it.
*Let's say it takes a BILLION YEARS and this is bypassing the problem actually HOW these two planets could conceivably be physically shifted out of their present orbits to a point in Space where they could or would eventually collide. Furthermore, it's not taking in account how the combined mass of this new object (we could rename it "MarVen" or "VenMar") would/could gravitationally affect the orbit of the Earth (if it still exists in such a far-flung future) around the Sun. Also the debris from the collision hurled into Space then surrounding the object is ignored. Thank you kindly in advance for any future thoughts you may have on this idea, Anton, and notification of any video that's tackling this stupendous subject, now that I've subscribed.
We should give up on the idea to terraform Mars. Hundreds of trillions of dollars and possibly a century of work to warm the planet and give it an atmosphere and people will still have to live underground because Mars doesn't have a molten core to generate a protective magnetic field.
mass has very little to do with holding atmosphere. Venus is not much bigger than Mercury but has a crazy thick atmosphere. what I'm getting at is you don't need mass you need an EM field without the EM field even a planet 10x bigger than earth would loose most if not all the atmosphere. just wanted to correct that small fact so maybe in future videos you can try building up the EM field as a means holding the atmosphere
For terraforming mars we need to put shields to avoid the solar winds. Then we can generate gases to make more heath.
corrections: shields = atmosphere
heath = life
*Warning: urban legend:*
An inhabitated earth-like Mars = Nausicaa in the Valley of the Wind's planet
Microbial organisms are more active in low gravity, so the soil may be more infectious.
How to give a planet more mass: HEAVY BOMBARDMENT!!!
Great video mate. Much more realistic than other videos out there.
Would it be possible to create a magnetic field for Mars since it doesn't have a molten core?
Put in a teacup, make it gigantic, and terraform it.
Rip old mars i Will miss you
Getting your oxygen from the substrate (rust) is not really the best way to do it if you are really talking about terraforming. The best thing to do would be to introduce some photosynthetic organisms like algae. They produce organic matter from water and carbon dioxide (xCO2 +xH2O -> [CH2O]x + xO2). You can reduce Iron so it will let go of the oxygens, but in oxygen rich environments iron gets oxidized ;). Maybe you could achieve it by replacing oxygen with a stronger oxidizer like sulfate. Still, I would go for introducing photosynthetic organisms. There is no better terraformer than life. And for possible human settlers there will be a source of organic matter to sustain themselves.
Hey bro love watching your videos but Olympus Mons is in the northern hemisphere of Mars
Jon Arnn thanks!
Yes the old intro!!!
DID YOU SEE THE TWO WORDS MASS AND RADIUS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SCREEN?! you can just grow it by increasing the number of radius.
Cool, have this Simulator the same Music like KerbalSpaceProgram, or have you manually insert that Music? ;)
LAst but not least: interesting Video, Thumbs up :)
Hi, thanks for the comment. It's actually not from KSP, it's a free downloadable music from Incompetech - that's what a lot of games use today without paying royalties. They have over 200 various tunes
Chad Jenkins (C7) from KSP is actually helping out on this game. So that's probably why.
Lyphrus I might be wrong, but I believe the music is by Kevin MacLeod who's known for royalty free tunes that are widely used. KSP uses royalty free music made by him. They don't have an actual composer as far as I know
AnTREXon gaming I'm just saying since he switched over to this game he probably had an influence on what music might be played. Cause there's plenty of Royalty Free Music and they happen to use very similar tracks.
I did not want to initiate a dispute over copyrights ^^
I just wanted to know, if the music is a basic part of the game or was it even manually inserted into the Video.
:)
Hey Anton can you do a video on terraforming pluto?
What if phobos and deimos crash into mars ?? Would that give mars more mass ? I'm a little late to these amazing video
3 years ago...
I
Want
This
Game
So
Much
Why did i find this game a few days ago?!
Who else was like "stop talking and terraform the danm planet
me
Me
Paulete Martins me
yup me
Paulete Martins me
Mars has an atmosphere with a mass roughly 90% the mass of Earth
actually mars lost its atmosphere by sun blast space storms that stripped it off. earth survived because our magnetic field shielded us. so yeah
your voice is much easier to listen to than american commentators
thank you!
Of cause the assumption that Mars' gravity is not strong enough to hold an atmosphere is wrong in many ways, the fact alone that, according to this theory, Mars was "somehow" able to hold an atmosphere before for millions and maybe even billions of years, disproof's it. because in order to loose an atmosphere, there need to be one in the first place.
Like some in the Comment section already have pointed out, this more has something to do with Mars' weak magnetic field. But then again, Mars would have needed a much stronger and stable magnetic field over millions and billions of years in the past to be able to create and hold a atmosphere in the first place. These conditions doesn't simply change suddenly. So obviously these changes didn't happen over millions of years out of no reason, but suddenly, triggered by an unknown (maybe cosmic, maybe unnatural) event.
Mars was a habitable Planet in the past, and that for a long time, maybe even long before earth, even scientists can tell you this, the dry channels and oceans created by once liquid water should be proof enough for that. Mars once was a world very similar to our Earth today, just like Venus was, and that wasn't even that long ago, maybe not even a million years.
It's not that Mars doesn't have enough gravity, it's that Mars doesn't have A global magnetic field.
Mars DOES have an atmosphere, however it's only 1% as thick as Earth's.
had ksp opened in the background withought sound and i was wondering why i could still hear the music lol
Didn't Mars also lose its atmosphere due to its weak magnetic field? I could be completely wrong I just feel like I heard that somewhere.
there were several factors, main is the lack of strong gravity to hold things together. If it had more gravity, it would be easier to maintain the atmosphere. More info here:
science.time.com/2013/07/23/revealed-how-mars-lost-its-atmosphere/
Well, yes it did. The thing that was keeping the magnetic field going was all the asteroids that were lying about. As the asteroids settled into planets, there was nothing that was keeping Mars' core liquid, and so the solar winds stripped the atmosphere. How to re-ignite Mars' core? Well, we could just dig a hole into the core and drop a few nukes in. After a while you just have to drop a nuke in only when the core is cooling. Finally a good use for our nukes!
if man will ever set foot on mars someday...in a few hundred years or so I bet mars will look like this :D
the problem with mars is that its core froze and then its magnetic field dissapeared and then its atmosphere WAS blown away by solar winds
I think the best way to terraform Mars is to raise its albedo by 50% and then plunge the asteroid Ceres into it, and wait for a few year.
Warzone IndoGamer No way. Some asteroids debris from the collision might hit us on Earth.
Ksp music ftw ^_^ and plus y were the ice caps melted at the beginning?
you know some of the volcanoes would go off we would have to deal with it
I like your videos, I didn't know about albedo I went about it the hard way we blowing up the core of Mars heating the planet while 'reseting' it forcing it generate a stronger magnetic field then import oxygen BLAH BLAH BLAH. I wrote like 500 words on it.
thank you. I'm sure there are many ways to terraform it, but albedo is always the easiest
I hope Univere Sandbox 2 will be on sale this christmas.
GeekVasion It is. Go look on the site: universesandbox.com/buy/
AMCrayfish thanks! also it's worth every penny in my opinion. it's on par with Minecraft and Kerbal Space Program in its brilliance
Microbes and water COULD create soil.
What does the powers->Organics do? Wouldn't it be something in the lines of life simulation?
is that ksp's theme music u used for this game
Kerbal Space Program anyone? Copyright music
FinnishArmy Not quite, it's "Frozen Star" by Kevin Macleod, he has no ties to Kerbal Space Program.
KamikazeKhaotic i swear the music was on lbp. Anyone?
lg loaf I don't remember it on any of the LBP games, not sure.
+FinnishArmy copy right free music i believe just mention the author in the desc and you all goo d
The music, is it from the simulation or you added it to make it awesome[ :) ]?
added it to make it awesome :D
ok :D
You still need to add a magnetic field.
Scratch that though but at the beginning of the episode why were there hints of fake blue that looked like lakes? I've never seen that on pictures of Mars
you have to fix the core of Mars then change the Moon from to a bigger Moon for Mars to be able to terraform it correctly if you don't you still have the problem that get 3.8 billion years ago when it lost its twin sister and became our moon Theory became our moon the twin sister of Mars
Question! If what you say is true that one of the main reasons mars doesn't have a atmosphere is because of its low grav.? Can you please explain why Titan still has one please because I would like to know.
It's actually a good question and there's still no clear answer to that, but one of the reasons is the composition of that atmosphere. Titan has mostly Nitrogen (98%) with occasional methane and a few other molecules that are not present in the atmosphere of Mars.
It's also sheltered from meteorite bombardment and other environmental effects by its parent body.
Finally, it's very likely that it's constantly showered by various molecules from other satellites so it accumulates a lot of the materials (being the most massive of all of the moons in the area), so it's sort of like that big brother that steals your toys
7:18 Banjo kaazoie nuts&bolts space background music.. or kerbal space background music
they should put this and KSP together
that song reminds me of kerbal space program 7:40
Instead of terra forming Mars, which has no magnetosphere, what if we swapped it for Ganymeade, which does, in your simulations?
Ten komentarz pochłonie cały internet :D
IF you are going to expound on planetology please look things up more thoroughly 1st in newer sources. Older text books and web information WILL say that "Mars lost its atmosphere because it was too small".
It is now known that this is overly simple: Titan, Saturn's moon has a thicker atmosphere than Earth yet has a mass around that of the Moon! Distance from the Sun, mass, AND magnetic field all contribute to what sort of atmosphere if any you will find. In the case of Mars mass and magnetic field are important, with the lack of magnetic field most critical.
Mars apparently once had a decent magnetic field but only scattered traces now remain. No one knows for sure, but it's thought by some planetologists that at least one massive collision with another object stopped Mars' core circulation, shutting off the magnetic field and allowing the solar wind to erode away Mars' atmosphere much more easily The huge impact which literally blasted a good chunk of the northern hemisphere of Mars away may have done it.
I don't think we would ever be able to terraform a planet using greenhouse gases because most of the Co2 on earth comes from the South American rainforrests and only a small amount from big cities and machinery so producing that much Co2 in real life to warm a planet any significant amount is way off into the future if even ever possible.
Terraforming Mars and keeping its atmosphere is possiable. Just somehow and I say somehow make a magnetic field or make a artificial one. Correct me if this is invalid.
It's not gravity it needs, it's a magnetic field.
DOES NO ONE NOTICE ORGANICS!!? phew got that of but srslyi it says organics right in the dispenser thing
They need to merge KSP and US2
I terraformed Mars in under 5 minutes
i terraformed mars before the game would be made.
This games in public early access currently correct? So they're probably going to add a life visual
I hope so!
Anton Petrov yea, it is
What's the music called.
Mars lost its atmosphere due to not having a magnetosphere not because it has lower gravity.
how did the water come back once you evaporated it?
Szabo Tamas I think the temperature went down, so it condensed back into liquid
+Szabo Tamas the icecaps melted?
It didn't escape.
Rain maybe
7:15 it looks like the firefox symbol :)
'Luminati
7:00 it looks like, um what was that thing called again?
mars has water
I have the exact same albeto, atmospheric mass, surface pressure and greenhouse effect temp but my surface temp continues to drop
What country's will they be named?
did you say create elements?
He's the avatar
7:02 mozilla firefox
Actully no its not Mozilla firefox has green on its land the fox is only orange and with red the water is only copy of mozilla
Uh, Mars actually does have an atmosphere. Don't just go believing everything that NASA says.
They take Monochrome images of this planet and paint over it to have a red sky.
Breathing gases like Oxygen could never be red on a planet.
Wait, if Mercury does hit mars, wouldn't the two planets become one?
i just bought universe sandbox 2 yours seems different to mine how do i get the aplha version is that better
+kevsDVDS maybe your is Universe Sandbox 1?
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) it's universe sandbox squared so there's no universe sandbox 2
+Paulete Martins stop lying
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) Maybe your using space engine????
We should be spending trillions on looking after earth
deeaaaam
Mars the red planet
What version of Universe Sandbox 2 is this? It looks different
The alpha version when it was in development now its fully realesed