How does fracking work? - Mia Nacamulli
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- Опубліковано 24 лис 2024
- View full lesson: ed.ted.com/less...
Deep underground lie stores of once-inaccessible natural gas. There’s a technology, called hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” that can extract this natural gas, potentially powering us for decades to come. So how does fracking work and why is it a source of such heated controversy? Mia Nacamulli explains the ins and outs of fracking.
Lesson by Mia Nacamulli, directed by Sharon Colman.
This guy has the nicest voice.
Silent Anarchy
I second
wow are you sure? for the longest time I thought it was that guy from Vice.
I agree I want him to voice everything
Jacks Parrow
Watch till the end the name of narrator is given
Silent Anarchy, In actual fact he does
The animations in this video are fracking amazing!!!
pigs make Bacon you are my father
pigs make Bacon Pigs don't actully maek bacun. there skin is presed wich creates a hard substinse wich is boild into bacun
stop spreading your lies!!! Cole Mattia
I Ekberg I am not laieng i am 9 why wuld i li?
I Ekberg U noeb my father has cancer dont bee so meen
I worked for a fracking company a few years ago....mostly Northern Alberta.....It amazed me how they could control what was going on hundreds of feet underground.... fracturing different depths and areas.... different types of sand and chemical mixtures used to achieve different results....pretty amazing to see some big jobs with fifteen to twenty pump trucks with 2500 horsepower engine and pumps each running full throttle.....worked at it a couple of years .....will never forget the experience.....
Thats cool i was intrested in working on a rig after working in tunnling, out of curiosity did you guys use betinite or a mud rig to mix and check the flow of what was coming up? How big was the hole you drilled by the way, because we did 48in diameter bores with 5in hoses for lubrication and return to the mud rig. We had other utilities and were drilling horizontal so they were much bigger. Im going to guess your lubricating and return hoses were 2in diameter, corect me if im wrong.
Curious.....the gas coming out, what psi is it in the rocks? Is it mostly methane? I have heard that helium and sulphur dioxide are sometimes present?
@@yestfmf back when I did directional drilling for the pipeline the two main gasses we were concerned about the most setting off our air monitors in the tunnel or trench from disturbing the earth were methane and sulfur dioxide. We dug and tunnled down 30-60ft so might be different fracking
Same here I was a water tech working mostly in the spirit river area. It was interesting to watch the other crews do their thing while we got the water systems going. only issue I seen with the video was our sites only used around 1million liters of water but I guess some others must be far deeper or something.
@Photo Grapher, Pressure really depends on the Geology. Especially the Depth. In the Bakken depth varies from 6500+ ft. Generally you have 0.5 to 0.75 psi per ft of depth. Generally anything over 0.5 psi/ft is considered "over pressurized" meaning the reservoir naturally is at an elevated pressure.
There is some helium and other gasses present in certain wells. I think it's more trace level. I was talking with someone who was proposing to try to test wells and map gas concentrations it in north dakota. Not sure if it got funded or not.
SO2 is naturally present in some areas. Well's can become accidentally "Sour" through bacterial contamination whereby they start generating SO2 more and more SO2 after time. This is a bad time and can cause corrosion and other issues. which is why they are generally careful to pre-treat any water used for fracking or injection/production tests.
I got all Fracked up the other night, the gas release was amazing.
"Oh the frackin"
"No, no not that" 😭
LMAO
That’s what I thought😭
🙅♀️🙅♀️
lol
Blue hair LIBERAL.🍆
Really love this unbiased channel, gives me a break from all of the media.
non bias? oh dear... some one has been propagandized. SMH
john learoux Compared to CNN and Fox News, this is very unbiased.
not really, these guys came out as full blown leftists. they are as unbias as CNN is.
clovis myers Be a centrist and the leftists will call you alt right and the conservatives will call you a libtard.
It's important to note that all media is inherently biased, and it's important to be cognizant of those biases even if you agree with what they're saying.
Media does not deserve praise for being more honest than CNN or Fox News, because that isn't much of an achievement.
I’m ok with the ads.
I’m ok with the buffer.
But when the ads buffer,
I suffer.
Premium baby! Very low cost and great if you use UA-cam on multiple devices
Lol
@@nonespecified1744 To each their own, but I pay for premium. Happy to never have to deal with ads.
😂
💀
TED-ED Videos are the best teachers!
Gregg Jay
I like how you don't type out"you" but still add the apostrophe in "u'll" lol
This is better. ua-cam.com/video/G1PBYlxcF0M/v-deo.html
oh, the fracking?
i was looking for this comment hskjdks
BAHSHSHHWVAZCZVZ
No, not that!
❌❌
BYEEEE
Who came here to find out what fracking is since vpdebate2020?
Me, they were talking about it for like 15 min and I had no idea what was happening
I would think anyone enlightened and sophisticated enough to watch a vice presidential debate would have at least heard the term before.
Politicians have been talking about it constantly for years at this point.
Biden helped obama regulate the fracking industry here in the US in exchange for giving his son Hunter Biden energy contracts from over seas.
My school sent me
I'm very pleased to see that Ted Ed acknowledges and states, though briefly, that fracking doesn't use nearly as much water as other human activities, ESPECIALLY animal agriculture.
Plant agriculture uses more water than factory farming
@@AdamSmith-gs2dv you got to be joking?
How big is the farm? How many cows? How long is the life cycle of a shale rig? I don't familiar with agriculture. But I do know there are 557 rigs active now in states. This is even not the highest number, the highest record was close to 900 rigs just before the epidemic.
We can still manage when the surface water is polluted, but when the groundwater is polluted, what do you expect about the people who live around it?
@@AdamSmith-gs2dv I would think if your raising livestock you or someone else is raising crops too. They need to eat.
Yeah but agriculture is not so damaging to the environement, and when done properly doesn´t damage local water supply.
This is a good primer, well researched, and
the broad concepts are correct, but there are some small omissions and inaccuracies
1) kickoff point is entirely dependent on the depth of the oil/gas. Normally ranges from a few thousand feet to as much as 17000 feet or greater
2) the horizontal can be 10,000+ feet long
3) the perforations are closer to 10 inches long, not one inch as stated.
4) the well is ready to frac pretty much right after drilling. There is some additional prep work, but it’s a matter of a few days, not months.
5) in addition to slick water there are thicker gels sometimes used, derived from the guar bean, which is used as an organic thickener for ice cream. The choice of fluid is highly dependent on the geometry of the fracture the engineer is attempting to create and the need to suspend sand. The disinfectants used vary but by far the most common is quatinary gluteraldehydes often used in toilet bowl cleaner. There are other options. This is crucially used because sulfate reducing bacteria found naturally in pond water can be pumped down the well and over time consume sulfur in the rock to make hydrogen sulfide, which is very poisonous, corrosive, and explosive.
6) it’s not just the frac water that comes back but also water that is naturally in the formation. Even non fractured wells produce some water.
7) the casing and cement comments are correct. Damage to the casing and cement is the single biggest concern when it comes to pollution concerns; however if the wells are engineered properly, damage during fracturing is not a concern at all. I would go so far as to say that failure during fracturing is a result of significant negligence in the design of the pipe, or in a serious defect of the pipe. Before fracturing, the pipe is pressure tested to validate that it is not compromised. The much bigger concern is what happens in the many years later as corrosive fluids produced can corrode or erode the pipe.
8) water usage is marginally higher now typically than the value they stated
@@adamsteinhardt6393 All great information. But you left out the fact that fracking unleashes Benzene, into the environment. And Benzene, is a cancer causing carcinogen. So how do Engineers maintain EPA clean air compliance, while fracking? I also remember there were two other issues. Producers were in court for years, because they refused to the disclose the 36 chemicals used along with sand, to bring up, the gas. In PA. there was also an issue with ground water runoff contaminating the Delaware River upstream from Philly, Harrisburg, and Pittsburg. Was this ever resolved?
Thank you. This is really the first video I watched to learn about fracking and immediately started doubting about the efficacy with #3 (one inch perforations). Thanks for clarifying that it is actually 10".
I'm also curious about how CBA (cost benefit analysis) is done at a site, whether it is worth pursuing or not. (Just to learn about this "hot topic" a bit more as a common man).
@@AnilHS71 in regards to the perforations, their size and shape is dependent on the characteristics of the explosive, the size of the pipe and rest of well bore, the properties of the rock, the pressures, and forces acting on the rock. For fracturing, usually we use deep penetrating charges, they are shaped with a long focal length, think of it like a magnifying glass that focuses the energy on a small point, maybe 0.25” in diameter but hopefully with enough power to penetrate 10-20” into the rock. For other application, like conventional wells with really permeable
rock we don’t need to perforate so deep. So we change the focal length to be short, and get maybe 2” diameter holes with maybe only a couple inches of penetration. It’s a science and an art that is studied extensively and one I find interesting. Also. FYI the charges are usually each ~20-30 grams of explosive, placed in a metal tube in a spiral pattern, usually for land 6 shots per foot phased 60-deg from each other- for bigger wells 16-18 shots per foot, and maybe 55 grams of explosive per charge
Above and beyond any engineering, we are glorified project managers. Cost benefit analysis is something we do, definitely ahead of time to a very thorough extent, but it’s also often a real time conversation and subject to all the constraints of making choices when presented with new information and challenges. Also every project is different. Ultra-deep water off the coast of some county is what I’m doing now, and there time is money- time and safety are absolute paramount. A few extra million dollars for fancy equipment, studies, or extra engineers is nothing compared to getting it wrong. Even a couple days of downtime is more expensive.
@@adamsteinhardt6393 Thank you so much for a detailed reply. 🙏Very fascinating field. Best wishes for your current project and beyond.
4:52 Wow South America lost a lot of weight
*wheeze*
*south americans*
@@jamesfleet-thompson9877 This comment is pure gold
this cracked me up when i paused the video here dude
Loved this video, not too long, very informative and actually helped me understand better this issue
Soo... You've been indoctrinated and are happy about it. Cool.
Some bs in this video so...
Honestly there is nothing factually information here. And to get an actual understanding u r going to have to devote more time in the length of the videos and mor time into research. Ted Ed is becoming a parody of what it started out to be.
@@iwishiwaswrongbutimnot517 Please specify what exactly you disagree with, else people seeing your comment who do not have the same view as you will see you as an uninformed, uncaring individual.
@@spidaman0112 Specify. This goes even more than the other person I responded to… this is an extremely aggressive statement against an important message: stop using greenhouse gases and use green (not just renewable) energy instead.
This appeared in my algorith after watching BoJack Horseman. Fracking isn't a topic of discussion in my country (and I'm glad it's not even considered) but this really informed me well about it.
So y'all just import all of your petroleum products?
When you are geologist but you still watched it cuz you like the animations :D
I'm developing fracking sand (propant) using biomass... I can give class about all off that, but the animations are so good that i can't stop seeing.
innerFire same my dad works in the fracking department, mainly wastewater, so I know a lot about this stuff
I've been on many sites prior to , during and after fracking has occurred and each one went smoothly. Water isn't spoken in terms of gallons its referred to in barrels.
Exactly! I often use them to simplify complex ideas and procedures to my friends who get lost in the jargon whenever I attempt to explain things geology related or otherwise.
Luana da Rocha that's amazing! If you have a dedicated channel to that (or got some links to similar content) please share!
I love that background music! Its so fitting yet so amazing.
wow, this video cracks me up.
What a cracking joke!
Finally, a joke that doesn't use the word "fracking"!
They probably just broke under all the pressure
I had to steel myself against that joke cementing in my brain - but it leaked.
Bhavee Rathod you're forcing it too much
I love the way that Nitrogen fracking is completely ignored. I have been on frak jobs where there was less than 10,000 gallons of water used with nitrogen as a propellant which saved 10's of thousands of gallons of water by forcing the water down hole under more pressure than could be achieved by regular hydraulic fracturing. Plus the residue was cleaner than hydraulic only fracking. Another benefit to nitrogen is the well bore could be cleaned easier with nitrogen than fluids. Hydrogen is also I believe 78% of the atmosphere we breathe so it is relatively harmless to humans. Nitrogen will also eventually return to the atmosphere naturally to be used again and again.
@Shell m The frac wings go nowhere near the water table. It would have to be a totally bolloxed frac job for that to happen. Any surfacec water pollution has to come from a different source, such a improper disposal of the frac fluids or failure of the surface casing
When I lived in the frac fields of southern Colorado they would come out once a week and “burp” the well heads… shooting an atomized stream of condensate and I am assuming toxic particulate 30-40 feet into the air to eventually cover the landscape as it fell.
The only thing I really noticed that suggested there was contamination was the piles of thick foam in the rain runoff.
We had a similar toxic foam appear when the dams at Stringfellow Acid Pits in Riverside CA burst…. NOT saying they are equals.
No hydrogen is not 78%....
@@MrHossola My apologies I used Nitrogen 5 or 6 times and do not know how I put Hydrogen in there. Nitrogen makes up 78% of our atmosphere.
@@markfaulkner8965 I would say that if any local or State Government agency allowed any oil or service company to discharge any well product into the atmosphere allowing contaminates to "cover the landscape as it fell" needs to be reported up the line to the Feds. Obviously they do not care about Federal Regulations, land owners or the public in general. Any time our wellheads were purged it was into a capture tank. By the use of Nitrogen instead of large quantities of Fracing fluids recovery needs were significantly reduced.
I was following along until I noticed a single string of casing in the well. That may have been commonplace a long time ago, but not in the last 22 years I've been in the patch.
Today, you'd actually have three layers of pipe and cement that are protecting drinking groundwater tables. They are conductor, intermediate, and then finally your production string.
In west Texas average kickoff is roughly 10,000' vertical depth, the average fracture typically extend less than 500' from the well bore........or 9500' vertical depth. Don't think thats going to contaminate your water supply typically found around 200' vertical depth in this particular area.
You mentioned the volume of water used could affect a city's water availability. This could be true if the fracking companies used city water........this is not typically the case. In the area where I work, companies drill water wells near the frac locations and fill "ponds" or storage vessels for frac operations. This is done in such a manner where residents wouldn't even see a change in water pressure or volume.
Its not to say that drilling and fracking is not as dangerous as any other job out there, like chemical plants, power plants, etc. And there can definitely be accidents. But there are regulations that have to be followed that are in place to protect the environment as well as people.
The video is very misleading and obviously was made by someone who doesn’t know much about oil and gas industry.
Johnathan good reply and as a fellow Texan that spent 25 years in the oil and gas industry I found this video just another propaganda piece by people that have no clue what they are talking about. The video does not even come close to telling the truth. I have done acid jobs and frac jobs on wells on a many different depths. The majority of wells drilled are not horizontal as the video shows. And the majority of frac jobs done do not take the large amounts of water claimed. The vast majority of frac jobs are a simple water, silica, sand mix that requires 1 to 2 truck loads of water. The video does not touch of the differences in depth per well, the differences between shell formations, is the well a horizontal drill or not, ect. Just another pathetic piece of information by someone that has no clue.
@@yahtotv5492 these are all reasons why I commented. So when uninformed people come here looking for actual facts.....hopefully they read the comments! Scary times we're living in today!
@@EyasAbuElhouf people don't understand the engineering that goes into these wells. They think every well is drilled by the Beverly Hillbilly's! 🤦🏾♂️
Worked in ND on the production side and disposal side. Not only are you right about the casing, but the disposal of the hazardous waste is put back into old dried up well locations (aka disposal sites) it’s pretty much impossible for it to contaminate the ground water.
When I was at a fracking sight for the first time, I was and still amazed that salt water, or the ocean still exist under ground even though it's hundreds of miles away..
Once you get deeper than a couple hundred feet into the ground, there's no water but salt water. Much of it is extremely salty
And to add to it, there is no empty rock. All rock underground is saturated is some combination of fluids. The vast majority is salt water, but there is also hydrocarbons ranging from methane to C8+, CO2 all produced from “decaying” organic matter, Nitrogen, and even in some rare circumstances Helium (from the decay of radioactive minerals). I’m not aware of any deep fresh water sources, and another interesting fact is there is a massive amount of lithium and other rare earth minerals in groundwater.
@@bruceg7577 salt water is still a water
That is in all oil wells and has been that way since oil was drilled.
People think renewable energy is clean and reliable, but the fact is all wind turbines, solar, and most all “green” energy is built from petroleum. Also those “good for the environment” processes are maintained with oil based products. I work on a drilling rig in west Texas, where we have over 3000 turbines in our county. That “clean” energy leaks hydraulic Fluid, and grease all over the ground over time. The hundreds of gas powered truck used to transport thousands of gallons of oil based lubricants every day to maintain the turbines are dependent on the production of oil wells. Renewable energy, isn’t so renewable.
I'm waiting for the comment that says, "I read this as "How does fucking work?"".
Did you?
I first thought it is how does farming works
80% of the internet is dedicated to answering this question... I'm sure you can figure it out elsewhere if you are curious
I read it as "how does it fracking work" so not far off
They really only talk about gas, but fracking is also used for oil. Fracking also doesn't only have to be used in shale, it can be used in other formations like sandstone. While they mention renewables, they don't fail to mention the far dirtier coal that cleaner natural gas could be displacing. This video seems to take quite an anti-frack bent.
The reason we fracture wells is that the shale that contains the natural gas has very small pores in it, in contrast with a more open sandstone. In a conventional formation, the natural gas can flow for several hundred feet to get to the well. In a tight formation, it flows much more slowly. Adding the fractures allows much more gas to flow to the well for much longer, making the well viable. Hydraulic fracturing has been used for about 60 years in other types of wells, but only recently has been applied to natural gas wells. This technique has doubled our recoverable natural gas supply and reduced our greenhouse gas production to below the targets set at the Paris Agreement (I bet you don't hear that from many climate activists).
Or the rock has really good porosity, but the pores are not connected so nothing can flow Thru the rock without creating that connection.
Not addressing that, long term, it's a complete waste of time
MISLEADING / MANIPULATIVE EXPLANATION ! I noticed that this is the newest and most viewed video explaining fracking(I would also trust TedEd) BUT -This video was made in order to induce a bad opinion about hydraulic fracturing to the general public. It’s a neat combination between true facts and total B.S. I will try to explain. Keep in mind that nowadays, this process is usually happening at a vertical depth of 1-6 km. Anything that happens at surface can be easily controlled.
Breakdown-starting from ~1:47:
Acids make up a very small part of what's involved in this process. One could argue that the use of acids was reduced by the introduction of modern fracking.
Slickwater can be classified in 2 main categories (99% of the cases).
The first is guar and its derivatives. By the standards of this video, i could also refer to guar as a legume. If you do a google search on "guar", you will learn that it's sourced from nature and mainly used in the food industry - Right here, on the surface of the earth, exactly the place where pollution is a problem).
The 2nd one is Acrylamide derivatives(invented and also predominantly used on the surface of the earth). EX: In United Kingdom, approximately 12,000 tons of polyacrylamide is used in the paper production industry annually. Fracking in the UK probably uses no more than 50t per year(most of which stays in the ground). Interesting read here: ukessays.com/essays/biology/acrylamide-with-chemical-formula.php .
Disinfectant is also a very small part of the process (0.0001%). This is usually chloride and its derivatives. I'm fairly sure that worldwide, more of this is used by the water park industry alone than by hydraulic fracturing.
Going further, from ~2:55 - the produced fluids can be handled safely- it’s just a matter of enforcing the rules on how to do this. Here is where lack of care, corruption and/or incompetence make their mark.
Radioactive material is also very negligible compared to what’s mined and used on the surface in nuclear energy and other applications.
Salt - Need I remind you about the salt from the oceans?
Heavy metals - the amount fades away in comparison with what’s used by the battery industry
~3:35 All O&G wellbores in the world feature 3 or more barriers in this zone. If rules are enforced properly, the water table safe from harm.
Everything is done in order to extract more hydrocarbons. Fracking into water is seen as a failure.
The seismicity created by a moving train or truck is significantly bigger and more frequent than the one generated by fracking.
The fact is that hydraulic fracturing has been around since the 40s. It has evolved as a secondary result of the advances made in the chemical industry. We use much more than what’s criticized in this video on the surface of the earth in unrelated applications.
Much more important is the fact that hydraulic fracturing has delayed the moment when the world will experience a shortage of hydrocarbons. Some people were expecting extreme shortages to happen starting around 2020. This was a hot topic in the 1990s but forgotten right now. As we all know, energy shortages can easily lead to WAR. EX: The Iraq war(widely regarded as influenced by oil) began in 2003. Fracking boomed in 2007. The war officially ended in 2011. MIC DROP….
😂😂👌
if i can make billions off the dohpes in PA that think fracking is safe, then i'm all for it. no need to even bribe them when they are so easily manipulated. i dont care if fracking contaminates their water as long as i make my profit margin. its not like you are getting any major intellectuals from those communities anyway. and if entire families drop, the company can easily take their lands and add more wells. a win win.
2:09 slickwater should be called slickquid
You guys did such an amazing job with this video! Fantastic!
You mean - Fracktastic!
The most efficient energy needs to be used while we learn to make newer, cleaner energies like Nuclear and Solar cleaner and more efficient.
Just need to do Fracking away from cities... Research Solar... and get people to stop being afraid of Nuclear. Nuclear power has less carbon emissions and waste than Solar.
AND don't forget wind power I really think that's good too.
I think BIDEN should stop it , but give those companies enough time to change over , I understand that some companies that's all they know , they just got to find other ways to drill .
@@truthbetold506 Wind is actually a very big danger to bird populations, Very damaging to the environment... just in a different way.
I think TRUMP should make some changes to the Nuclear power restrictions, it really is the safest, cleanest power we have right now. Even vs solar because of the carbon pollution from manufacturing the panels. Once you have a Nuclear plant the carbon output is virtually zero, and is actually simpler in terms of manufacture and upkeep than solar. The Math and failsafe systems are complex, but the make up is just rods, moderators, and shielding surrounded by water.
Germany has a bigger proportion of its energy from wind and solar than just about any other country. Yet they pay significantly more for their energy than France does and release significant more carbon into the air.
Why?
Because when the wind isn’t blowing and the sun isn’t shining, they rely on fossil fuels to keep their country running. While France gets about 80% of its energy from nuclear.
Is nuclear perfect? Nope. But if you genuinely believe the world will be too far gone to save within the next 8-10 years, you’d be crazy not to pick nuclear over basically anything else. Massive amounts of energy, minimal greenhouse gas emissions. We can bury the waste wherever we want to. Out in the middle of deserts. Better than contaminating people’s drinking water or bringing about massive climate changes.
@Aya M Nuclear can do it
I work in the gas industry and I'll tell you this, there is alot of young inexperienced workers at these loosely regulated fracking sites that misuse their equipment that contaminates the environment.
This is well done with one notable exception. The lack of scale and context relative to depth of wellbore. The depictions online don’t show relative depth leading the public to believe that fracking happens right under their feet. The visual impact of such depictions elevates the risk beyond actual
Nice video, very well explained. Many oil companies (in Canada anyway) are shifting away from fresh water usage and are fracing with produced water instead. Much cheaper and doesn’t use up any fresh water resources. Also, most companies dispose of the flow back water into disposal wells, never to be seen again. This information has been so twisted and manipulated by the media, nice to see someone finally explaining it properly.
I can't trust anyone anymore, the media always lies about fossil fuels while oil companies do their best to avoid any responsibilities for any of their mistakes. Even researching on my own leads to the biased perspective of whoever's wrote the article.
Haliburton will not use produced water
@@Cj-yw8cs we use Trican and Element, both have no issues fracing with clean produced water.
Halliburton definitely will use produced water, but the salinity must be low enough to work with the friction reducer. This is true of any company.
Coastal gas link has no right to construct fracked gas pipeline on sovereign Wet’suwet’an territory!
I feel smart for knowing this. Thanks, gcse chemistry.
What is fracking? "Well, when a Mommy well and a daddy well love eachother very much, they-"
“Oh, that one”
The earthquakes produced by fracking are only 3rd magnitude, therefore they will barely be felt. The UK has already had 5th magnitude earthquakes, and in medieval times a single 6th magnitude earthquake - those are the ones that might cause damage. The little 3rd magnitude earthquakes do not cause damage.
Getting ready to start my new job driving a big rig delivering frac sand in Wyoming. I can't wait to get out of the South Texas summer heat.
I know fracking, from the simpsons
"Our water is on FIREE!!!"
Thers a very good Freakonomics Radio Podcast on the man who invented Fracking, its part of a five part series on Oil and how it gets from the ground to the pump
Tenacious Doves Love that show. Also checkout NPR if you haven't already.
Tenacious Doves where is the show
Top marks. Really well explained + Loved the music on this
The sound effects are lovely on this.
Thank you! I needed this for a school assignment
I don't know you ppl make every single video so damn amazing.
프래킹이 어떻게 되는지와 지구에 미치는 나쁜영향에 대하여 배우는 시간이 되었습니다. 무었이 나쁘다고만 생각하는 것이 아닌 깊이 왜 그런가에 대하여 배우는것이 훨신 더 흥미로운것 같습니다. 좋은 영상 감사합니다.
Lovely minimal clear animation.
With just enough style to make it a visual treat.
It’s clear that every single person commenting about negative environmental impacts knows nothing about the process. Please leave policy up to people that actually understand oil and gas development. The process of far less impactful than the media would have you believe. And those of us that work in the industry strive to ensure that it stays clean. Please try and do some unbiased research, I believe it would change many people’s opinions.
he attac
he protecc
but most importantly...
he fracc
Thank you for an informative and unbiased explanation of the technology.
It is a little biased.
Thank you for such a helpful overview. I feel like I finally understand more of the controversy!
I wish I could say it was helpful, but without numbers and context provided by a knowledgeable engineer, it's little more than an introduction. They used radiation symbols all over the place to scare people. They talked about earthquakes without mentioning magnitude. They mention methane emissions as if that's not literally what LNG is, and without acknowledging that because that's the target to harvest, fracking companies have no intention of losing any of it if they can help it. That's profit leaking out. The geologist might explain why the layers are drilled the way they are, and what is known about long-term impacts as well as the extent of the reserves available (it's HUGE). The engineer could give more context to the safety measures put into place specifically to protect groundwater and regarding the handling of the fracking fluid. Concentrations of those components is everything, and again, we have no numbers. This is a technology which is literally life-sustaining. We're talking about shutting it down with no viable alternative capable of replacing the sheer volume of energy we consume. This deserves more honest discussion.
My biggest problem is the diagrams are not to scale. When they say "deep below the surface" they mean DEEP BELOW THE SURFACE! The diagram implies it is only 300-500 feet down.
Btw - not all gas wells need fracking...
Not all fracking is done horizontal drilling
The depth of the well varies more than stated - it depends where the shale layers lie in the geology
Not all shake gas wells also contain oil
Most wells are double lined - so if the inside metal casing is damaged, it is protected my the concrete casing around it
With love - a chemical engineer
It's also not limited to gas wells. I've heard people who adamantly oppose fracking yet are unaware of this simple fact
You frac oil wells as well
You actually frac in any rock containing oil if it is low permeability
You dont use acid in hydraulic fraccing
You use proppant not clay.
Most chemical additive is guar, a natural product (made from beans)
first ted talk I have seen that seems to not have any bias, I like it
Thank you for sharing this video. I had no idea what fracking was. Very informative.
1:20 The way the animation was done makes it look like if the homeworld gems invaded the earth and suceeded, also great animation Ted-Ed this is of the best i''ve seen.
Very good informational video on fracking. It is informative and unbiased and states reasons for controversy surrounding it.
the animation and explanation is so amazing. I wish if Teded could have videos to explain out syllabus.
I'm thinking about going in to home school teacher training and using the word fracking as part of my Lesson plan although I didn't know what the word fracking means but after watching the video I really learnt a lot about fracking myself.
What the hell Ted Ed, I thought you were supposed to be a family fri oooooh *fra*cking nevermind
Dont tell me how to live my life!
Sebastian Anderson someone watched too much Trevor Noah? xD
These videos may be nice to teach some people the basics about fracing, however they create fear in a lot of people... Not accurately showing the number of casing used in a well, or showing to scale how much deeper the formation is to ground water makes people believe it is very easy for ground water to get contaminated.
You're right, It's not easy for ground water to become contaminated by Slick water, because of the distances involved, but there are numerous recorded incidents of it happening. Easily findable.
"How does fracking work?"
Well when a man loves a women...
Not necessarily
Well u got a few things wrong.
1- it’s not an immediate 90 degree angle, it’s gradual over hundreds of feet
2-they don’t perforate the whole well at once, the make one set of cracks, pump on it, plug that section off. from the rest of the well, rinse and repeat for as many times needed. These are called stages.
3- the flow back fluid is pretty much always pumped back into the ground into a injection well, basically an old well that is done producing (sending oil and gas to the surface) we pump the fluid back into these empty pockets away from ground water or anything that can be contaminated
I worked on a perforation crew. Duece said everything I wanted to say.
@@happycatginger ive worked water transfer, been on the a 3rd party chem/ pump down crew, roughnecked, ran casing, done flow back, and wireline just a little bit of everything and on 23 just want to find a good company to settle with
Pretty fair unbiased assessment. Though the comment about diverting investment dollars is a red herring all fracking done in the US is by private capital, there is nothing to indicate those funds would be used to investigate or develop alternate energy supplies.
The ending was so deep
This guy could put me to sleep with his voice..... it’s just so soothing. 😴🤤
The probability of these substances falling outside the casing is about the same as the probability that a nuclear reactor will explode. There have not yet been cases of poisoning with water and after analysis it turned out that there were substances for hydraulic fracturing in the water. And the probability that the substances will break into the formation is small, since the injection is not carried out through the casing (as shown in the video), but is carried out through the tubing, so there are no such huge loads on the casing to cause a breakthrough into other formations. As in any industry, there are risks, but for now, humanity needs these resources.
Oklahoma where we have many disposal sites. We have been having many many more earthquakes a year starting in like 201 We had 3 earthquakes happen all within a small 4 square mile patch of land (36.351482, -97.356713) this year alone. If you look on the satellite view you will see a large disposal site in this small patch of land.
People think renewable energy is clean and reliable, but the fact is all wind turbines, solar, and most all “green” energy is built from petroleum. Also those “good for the environment” processes are maintained with oil based products. I work on a drilling rig in west Texas, where we have over 3000 turbines in our county. That “clean” energy leaks hydraulic Fluid, and grease all over the ground over time. The hundreds of gas powered truck used to transport thousands of gallons of oil based lubricants every day to maintain the turbines are dependent on the production of oil wells. Renewable energy, isn’t so renewable.
Very informative! I like this guy's narrations too!
While I enjoyed the video, I think it completely missed the mark at 04:50 .... We are decades away from a point where renewable energy even comes close to being a majority of our energy. Cleaner and abundant natural gas is how we get to that point in the future. This is the problem I have with the radical messages of "no fossil fuels.. clean energy now!". Those chanting that mantra have absolutely no clue of what it takes to power society. When I hear someone say that, it reminds me of a kid who says "I want a pony .. NOW!", and has no clue why they can't have a pony.
Yes... but (to continue your analogy here for a second), it seems there is no intent of us ever getting that pony is there? It seems all the money made just keeps going into doing more of the same, smoking up the planet and causing irreparable damage, so that in the end, if we ever get that pony, there won't even be a planet to keep it alive on! 😢😢
Well I can clearly see what side your on.
This is an informational video. However, it’s clearly bias since it only speaks about the negatives.
The negatives out weighs the positives. It’s killing the earth and it’s dangerous. Clean energy won’t kill the earth and it’s not dangerous.
No.
"This video on Jeffrey Dahmer only speaks about the negatives of cannibalism! It's so clearly biased"...
@Moses Messiah step back from the edge there buddy, the sky isn’t falling.
Ted can take a boring subject and make it amazing
as a side note the water used is called brackish, or produced water, both are recycled. most oil and gas companies will not use fresh water as the bacteria will cause a well to turn sour ( h2s). fresh water also requires a lengthy permit application to use.
How is UA-cam free?
Bcuz UA-cam is Google and ppl buy youTube Red.
Ad Money goes to the channel pqners
+Irene Lee
channel owners? only partially i think.
Irene Lee a portion goes to the channels
Silent Anarchy good question
UA-cam gets 45%, and the creator gets 55% of money a video earns.
This is a really good explanation and easy to understand to anyone!
love your vids they give alot of knowledge
And the animation was outstanding wasn't it?
AandA tv its nat kowlegde its called smart nes
Fun fact: when people think of oil reserves most people think of the country’s of the Middle East. With the advent of fracking the largest reserve is now actually Venezuela. That is pretty incredible considering how worried people were that we would soon run out of oil and now we have more than doubled what we thought was available to us.
in reality, we have oil for a loooooong time. the worry oil countries have is to get as much money by oil as possible because one day no one will use oil for nothing.
but consumption continues to increase exponentially and the development of countries like India or Nigeria make the demand for oil increase, and offset all the new deposits found
Good explanation, fracking right now here in the North of Alberta Canada for 11 years.
I just started working as a frac hand, definitely dont wanna do it for very long but the money is good in an area with very few opportunities due to immigration policy.
Fantastic, beautifully explained. God bless you immensely. What a simple but an ample explanation it is !
Would be nice to see the benefits vs the negative. Most of this seems to be a beat down on fracking, which leads me to believe the video isn't good info - it's biased info.
It's true info. I don't know what you're looking for, maybe a confirmation bias?
@@joshuaduplaa9033true info? Hypothesis/theory/fact. That's the scientific method. This is presented as fact. That's a rare reality.
@@blessedwithchallenges9917 Because the things it says are facts?
@@plugshirt1762 no. Because the things it's saying are vague and broad stroked. Specifics are how you get to truth.
In 1970s I worked for Haliburton I worked on a 3 3/8 inch pump truck. The main ingredient was condensate. Commonly known as low grade JP-4 jet fuel. Mixed with water and sand. I remember alot of us died in Red desert wyoming when a spark started killing 9 men. It was just devastating to the environment and animals mainly the deer. And elk.
excellent breakdown for beginners and laymen ... thank you
To be fair, I think you need to take into account the fact that because of the horizontal drilling, we don't have to build tons of wells which means less of an environmental impact and it is also more economical.
Sounds like you frac, I do too out of Midland Texas lol. Great job, well paying. I love working out here.
Very informative and well put together! Thank you!
I was watching a bunch of RuPaul’s Drag Race videos and this shows up in my recommended and I just-
oh the fracking?
kenta x SOMEONE GOT IT
Didn't know rupaul was a race car driver.
what is the related topic with Ru paul drag race I didn't understand you
It really helps me in my power point presentation
That's what I like unbiased reporting
My teacher cant teach me herself so she told everyone to watch this -_-
Not a very good teacher.
@@FromDust81 or a good one knowing her limits, strengths and weaknesses. Getting the best sources for their students.
Bob and Pep brought me here!
Fracking can extract oil too. The main advantage that came with the fracking technique is that the horizontal drilling makes it far more productive and helps mitigate the costs of drilling a dry well (it happens. Used to be 1 in 10 exploratory wells drilled struck oil, while only 1 in 1000 were economically viable). That's why it boomed in the US not long ago, causing Saudi Arabia to drop their oil prices to compete and resulting in the cheapest gas prices since 2000.
But I have a question:
Is the gas/oil trapped in bubbles or dissolved in the rocky matrix?
The gas and oil are trapped within the pores of over-pressurized rocks.
This channel is excellent
I can definitely see sink holes happening around the sites in the long run
I clicked on this video to learn the details of “fracking”, not a social commentary on the evils of fracking, If I wanted that I, would have watched the daily news.
As soon as he said "global climate change," I knew this was more political agenda than sticking to factual information.
I thought the same thing. It was an indirect passive aggressive anti-fracking PSA.
Right
The vice presidential debates lead me here
Me to now I understand about fracking !!
I'm early and I love y,our educational vids keep it up plz
I want to see an animation or video explaining in more detail how the drill turns and cuts 90º, insertion of bore sleeve & perforating gun in action.
The wells on our property does not use water. They pumped liquid nitrogen into the well for the fracturing. No water comes out of the well at all and the well is linked to a natural gas line that runs into main natural gas lines all over the country. You might be confused with some wells that produce crude oil where trucks empty holding tanks on site...not water. We have one well that produces crude oil that is emptied once a month by two tanker trucks.
"OUR WATER IS ON FIRE!"
Actually it's not. Just heard of a town in Pa where the water has been burning for almost 100 years due to natural methane in the ground and no fracking for hundreds of miles away.
@@jonathanoconnor9546
It's a Simpsons reference
@@jonathanoconnor9546 What does a town on first have to do with proving fracking also doesn't cause fires lmao? Also how did you only just now learn about the silent hill town
See this is how you do an argument you point out the facts too many anti fracking arguments are just like duh there bad bad chemical you put in ground and poison mother Earth and did I mention you hate children if you frack and you want them to die no but this is very unbiased and points out real concerns and tells you what it actually is that's the problem I had no clue that the water that comes back up can be radioactive and have other problems and I didn't know that they lined the tunnel thank you for actually telling it like it is I still think fracking is good I mean even solar has risks for contamination but now my mind has been changed to maybe we need to make sure we have extra regulations on making sure the lining is secure thank you....
It is biased but considerabily less biased against fracking than other videos I've seen
@@thepope2412 yeah I was saying they were a lot less biased they actually make good arguments and not just here say
.
How on earth did someone come with this idea?!
I can remember hearing people had to get water delivered after drilling, then it cleared up, Then they fracked and more water had to be delivered. Then a treatment system put in and still water had to be delivered due to the treatment system not working to remove everything. That is in northeast PA. Over a decade later, those people are still having water delivered. Then when that company got permission to frack wells that were drilled, but not fracks in an area more people had to get water delivered. When the EPA did testing in that area even more people were added to the list of people needing water delivered. It is still funny when people talk about their water being affected in church, but the companies all say, we never affected the water.
The video is nice but the content is disturbing for what is happening unfortunately. Thanks for the video