Oldest Hominin Genetic Material is now 2 MYA!
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- Опубліковано 2 жов 2024
- Paranthropus Proteins!
www.biorxiv.or...
Outro: Point Pleasant by Brock Berrigan
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it's no problem for creationists. They routinely throw out data they don't like, just add this to the pile.
That's until they actually bring them back from the dead. Suddenly the armies of the faithful will grow exponentially. They'll call it a miracle.
Very interesting. I said it before "more like this please"
Had no goobers in it at all
😅
I can’t wait to see the creationists saying the genetic information found is dna because they didn’t do the smallest amount of research
I’m just
Lovely; it seems clear to me now why there's no recent "state of the field" textbook on paleo-anthropology as the field is moving a bit too fast and there's no consensus on many of the crucial questions presently. So following your updates is really helpful for keeping up to date. Thanks!
State of the field textbook: 50 pages. State of the field textbook errata and additions: 50000 pages. refresh. 50012 pages. refresh. 52002 pages?!
This is a really relevant and apropos opening comment.
@@WukongTheMonkeyKing - .^_^.
This kind of research is so remarkable. It's amazing that we can learn so much about creatures that lived so long ago. The techniques bring to mind the way spectroscopy impacted the field of astronomy. Just as those tools told us so much about things that are impossibly distant in space (and time), these genetic techniques are revealing rich details about our own deep past here on Earth.
I agree, and we're only going to get better at this. Evolution gets more undeniable with every sequence.
And how spectroscopy changed chemistry.
Well written. Thanks.
Beyond just being an expert in the field who's ecstatic about sharing knowledge with the lay people like myself, I most admire your rigorous adherence to precise terminology for what the findings actually include and the level of conclusions made from the findings.
A common trend in scientific reporting that bothers me is the tendency to oversimplify and misrepresent with ambiguous or exaggerative language. News articles will be flowery enough to give readers the impression that actual functional DNA was found and a paternity test was done which linked these directly to living human lineage.
Erika, on the other hand, is aggressively clear on the facts: these are proteins and not DNA, the paper is a pre-print, and some hypotheses from the paper are still hypotheses which need further data to draw conclusions. And she even manages to keep it interesting while explaining the intricacies of the scientific process and why it matters, instead of resorting to hyperbolic language and clickbait to create interest.
One hundred percent.
I'm not a paleontologist but I love this stuff. Excellent presentation as usual for GG.
Wow, that side by side of the two jaws was crazy! Now that I have a point of comparison I've never realized how delicate looking the human jaw is. I know bone is pretty tough, but one good enough crack to the face and there goes your ability to eat as a human. Our physiology is so fascinating! All the adaptations and the compromises made it's sometimes hard to understand why we're the only ones left. I guess being more smart and running with it was the right evolutionary path to take for our family. Crazy stuff.
So there was really such a thing as a Mancow... Interesting...First the Crocoduck, now this. Poor Kirk Cameron.
I love that our larger family's story is still unfolding.
Thank you for another great video Erica. I always appreciate the enthusiasm that you display in communicating science & paleo anthropology.
So fascinating. It's wild to see how far we came in such a relatively short time. I'd love if i could you do a live Q&A if you have the time. And one last thing, I love your animated intro. Although at first i didn't know you made it, as i didn't see a credit. So definitely credit yourself, or make it more noticable. Because it's awesome.
Since you mentioned the animated intro, why do you think Gigantopithecus is out of order in the timeline? I've been wondering about that. 🤔
This is so cool as a molecular bio student who also loves biological anthropology 🤯 its my dream to work on something like this one day! You’re the best erika 💪
Ericka! I am quite pleased that your own FOX-P2 genes are highly functional! Keep up the GREAT WORK!
I really love it when GG presents a paper and breaks it down for us!
Just have to say, I love hearing all the talk about molars, premolars, amelogen genes, etc. I’m a dentist, so I appreciate that kind of stuff. 😁
I have like a passion for science, but I have horrible ADHD so reading nonfiction outside of like cosmology isn't a thing I can do, Erica feeds my passion in a way my brain is willing to accept and for that I thank her
This is great work - perhaps in the next few years we will be able to clarify the currently "fuzzy" tree of Human evolution. With respect to Creationists I think the salient point is that Evolution predicted that as the gaps in the fossil record were closed, intermediate forms would be found and this fresh genetic evidence reinforces the "intermediacy" of these forms and thus continues to fulfil Evolution's predictions and strengthen its position (as if this was needed !).
Getting new ancient genetic material is always great news.
And having Erika to explain it makes it even better.
I like a sentance where an apparent contraction like "new ancient" is completely accurate.
@@kyleward3914 This comment is an instant classic.
@@kyleward3914 Oxymoron is one of the better literary devices, I think.
@Canuovea like "creation science".
_[Polite, positive and non-controversial comment that hopefully helps the channel in some small way]_
Under 30 minutes? You feeling OK? LOL, just kidding; love the excitement.
i understood like every fifth word. what i do know is that
1. this is cool
2. the names for these species are hilarious to me
Always great content Erika! You make it interesting and accessible even for us laypeople!
Its very telling when you compare this paper to the Naledi Burial paper by Berger et al. You can see by the layout and data within, even the language used, that Berger's paper is absolutely awful in comparison...
Most grasses are pretty tasty. Pull a grass leaf (make sure it is really grass) straight up. Eat the first inch of the white growing part from the bottom (grass grows from the bottom part of the stem, not the top of the plant like most other plants). A survival food that hardly anyone knows about. Most people eat grass every day; corn, wheat, rye, rice, millet, etc.
I used to do that as a kid. That last inch is semi sweet . Just be aware that grass has a lot of silica and your teeth and stomach might not like it much
No we dont, we eat the processed and cooked seeds of those grass, very few people eat the shoots, as there is no calories for us there, fiber sure, but its not a ‘survival food’, Its undigestible. Your colon biome might enjoy some of it, you might think it tastes good, but you will die of starvation. Stop passing off non-sense. Plenty of people have died trying to eat grass in times of famine. Your not a gorilla.
I want to do paleoprotemics specifically for paleoanthropology! I’m so happy you’re talking about this!! 😊😊😊❤❤❤
Under half an hour? Are you feeling ok?
(Seriously, though, awesome as always.)
I love the Paranthropus and it's nice to know we're related. Really interesting video!
Feeding the Almighty Algorithm, here. Just that. Life too painful right now for any more than that.
Carry on.
"And don't let it break your heart. I know it feels hopeless sometimes. But they're never really gone as long as there's a memory in your mind." _Hold On To Memories_ Dave Draiman, Disturbed
💙💙
Looks like grass is back on the menu boys!
For a laymen like me, she's makes understanding this stuff so much easier.
She can talk faster than I can read so I had to concentrate on her mouth like i've never concentrated in years! Amazingly I hung onto ever word, impressive readings skills and I think I understood over 80% of it! Thank You Gutsick for a very informative video lol!
I just slowed her down a little by using that little flowerlike thing in the corner . Erica talks too fast for my old ears
23:00 The research is remarkable and the evidence indisputable, but have you heard YEC folk argue? Remember that Kent Hovind was one of their star apologists. It's kinda hard to argue the nuances of recent research with the kind of person whose debate tactics include sticking their fingers in their ears.
But seriously thanks for this one. This kind of research is well outside my academic wheel-house. I probably wouldn't have heard about it without someone in the field taking the time to summarize. Thanks soo much.
Cue creationists saying it was just a genetically modern human who had been up late partying.
I know everyone pretty much ignored my other time stamp but i am going to do this because your videos are so damn good.
Creationists reactions in 3, 2, 1..... 🤣
Seems like Paranthropus is having a big year! Awesome hearing this cool new research!
We joke that a PhD learns more and more about less and less, but that yields highly trained specialists who can answer really sophisticated questions about, say, very early pit burials, the earliest markings hominins make on cave walls, or where, precisely geographically and historically, a species fits in the evolutionary tree.
Do we infer paranthropus' diet based on tooth wear and [chemistry]?
If they were the ones doing the butchering, but they didn't have (full use of) fire, they'd definitely need those beefy molars and sagittal crest mounted temporal muscles for *chawing* on raw or dried meats, especially how gamey wild animals, in general, are and prehistoric mega fauna may have been.
My jaw's hurting thinking about the last time I had homemade jerky and the time I did the 32oz steak 🥩 challenge at a Texas Roadhouse.
You never once studied the difference in tooth structures and diet have you lol?
Daaaaang i wish i had Parathropus molars.
What we do here? Share knowledge, dunk on YECs, and share the sassiest of memes.
it’s so funny that i found your channel. i changed my major after getting into an argument with a creationist and then realizing that im REEEEALLY passionate about biology, evolution, anthropology, and paleontology. also researching the insane fuckups that amateur archaeologists historically committed and being like “WHY WOULD THEY DO THAT”
my day is made. Another Erika video is out. Awesome
If I’m being completely honest, I really like the animated intro you have better, especially if you lead into it with a hook paragraph or something
she mentioned there would be an updated version of that in the future, that might be something to look forward too
Oh boy! This is gonna raise a 5-alarm fire over at the old boat facade over in Kentucky! 😂
Well done Gutsick! Every day in most every way, pseudoscience nonsense falls farther by the wayside. Wishful thinking and what some creationists think of as, "it just feels right", demonstrates the goofiness of religious magical thinking. Between sites like yours which is a harder hitting deeper diving science channel, and sites like Forrest Valkai, I and many others I imagine, highly enjoy all the content. You're a smart cookie! And thanks so much for sharing.
I believe sexual dimorphism to be higher in the more ancient species. Look at most of the great apes, all but not so much chimps for instance. There are heaps of examples of sexual dimorphism.
You are very good and explaining these complex concepts to Non-science people like myself.
Don't worry. Young Earth Creationists have an almost infinite facility to ignore or discount any scientific finding that would otherwise contradict their biblically based belief system.
oh frick mothman shirt! I love that shirt, I actually got 2 for christmas one year!
Is there any evidence of paranthropus being able to slow their fall from high places using some sort of paranthrochute?
Look _someone_ has to do the bad jokes, now nobody else has to and you can all come up with better material, I'm doing you a favor.
Apparently scientists can take soil from 5 ft away from a fossil and figure out what the fossils hair color was the types of arguments that got into with its significant other and its favorite Neanderthal movies to watch. Science is amazing (insert sarcasm) scientist must be vegetarians with the amount of word salad they make in order to hide the reality that they're just storytelling based off of some bacterial growth in a Petri dish from a scraping off of a tooth
Love the videos. Keep em coming!
I am in awe of how good you are this.
Johanesburg, not Džohēnesberg.
let's heckin gooooo!!!
So interesting!
Wow this is amazing that they found genetic material that old...
Well it actually depends on what is meant by "genetic" and there seems to be a "tight" (only heritable material) and a "loose" (direct genetic products such as proteins, enzymes and materials that can be used to reconstruct the genetic sequences involved in biosynthesis).
What is really fascinating is that the presence of such ancient proteins was discovered as far back as the 1950's and 60's. Chiten from ammonite shells would have derived from organisms that died about 200 million years ago! Some organic materials are remarkably resilient. And immunological cross reaction comparisons were done on those specimens to demonstrate that they were indeed molluscs. So this research has been on a slow burn for a half century...with many who approached it scoffed at and ridiculed. There were some missteps with contamination and incomplete comparisons, but it has generally proved to be increasingly important.
@@gerrelldrawhorn8617 it's still awesome what scraps of ancient proteins can tell us about our evolution and how we are related to them...
Then there be freaks like me, who believe in both creation and evolution. Just not "young earth" creation.
I don't believe in the Abrahamic Christian God or any verification of it
So glad to see another video so soon! Thank you
I've been spelling it in my head, paranthropus, and now I'm learning that I've been spelling it wrong in my mind all this time?
As a curious gibbon I like this video!
Erika, I am as always absolutely thrilled with your content. One thing though, bioRxiv is pronounced "bio-archive". I kind of assumed that you pronounced it as you did, spelling it out (more or less), so people could find it more easily; but, just in case...
Great job breaking down this preprint!
Did the authors mention how they isolated the protein of interest, how much sequence coverage they got in their MS data, or whether alternative splicing could account for any of the differences seen? I'm really curious to learn more about their methodology.
The link to the preprint is in the description.
Whoo, science! I'm very excited to see another fantastic science paper review!
Surely parallel evolution in East and South Africa to such extreme morphologies at roughly the same time is unlikely.
If finding a method to non-destructively test for proteins pans out and it allows for these tests to be routinely carried out then it's will be good to have another strand of evidence to support hominin evolution alongside the existing evidence from the fossil record.
This information is super cool and interesting! Thank you for explaining it so I could understand!
That's true science, new evidence that leads to new insights....
I'm lowkey blown away that you can get that much useful information just from proteins. I always thought the fine-tuning of phylogenetic trees was mostly about those single nucleotide mutations that usually do _not_ result in a change to the amino acid sequence.
So if they can pull these proteins and test them, will we be able to find out which ancient hominin was our direct ancestor, such as H erectus, antecessor, etc.?
Yayyy
She's Erika, or Gtusick Gibbon. Very intersting, very blue in face, very human. Nice.
Oldest hominin footprint estimated at 6.05 MYA, just returned from visiting them.
I’m a burgeoning anthropologist enthusiast and love your discussions. Thank you
I've heard of something similar being done with proteins from dinosaur fossils! I honestly can't wait to see molecular data like this used in future phylogenetic analyses. It'll be absolutely huge.
Do you have a link to the video with the ancient DNA? I’m curious cause as far as I know they usually don’t preserve past 10^5 years
Would you call yourself a "paleo-expert"?
Wouldn't both men and women have amelogenin X, since both have X chromosomes?
it's probably going to be difficult to adapt to all this, but just go through it, and go through it .... i am sure you will be glad you did.....reality or bust.
Dare I Say, Animals Are Not Plants ?
also, sexual dimorphism would have absolutely nothing specifically to do with species invasive dna....so what exactly is the hang up people have with thinking of it that way?
I love your channel! So clear and wellinformed, I’m sure your big dissertation will be a success. Keep the videos coming!
Knowing that some human proteins are closer to the gorilla’s ones than to the chimp’s ones, drawing conclusions about possible paraphyly or admixture of Paranthropus with a single protein seems premature. It may just be due to incomplete lineage sorting.
Absolutely love hearing any news about paranthropus, love these little guys.
Ericka, I would like to know what is your expert opinion is of Alex Bezzerides book 'Evolution Gone Wrong'.
With autumn, my favourite season on the way, does make me wonder what sapotropic psychoactive mushrooms favoured growing on paranthropus's droppings
You are such a cool hominid Erika, we really appreciate your videos and knowledge. Respectfully, I wish I was your student! Merry Christmas and yes I'll say it to you too :) God bless!
Thank you for referring to Paranthropus as "cow-like"! I needed that
I’ve always been interested in Paranthropus since it was included in the Castlevania games as an enemy for some reason
Oh, Erika is fangirling out over a new paper? Yes! {clicks like, then clicks play}
The best part is that this - as every scientific - field is a self-honing microscope developing an ever higher resolution discerning more and more details in the object scrutinized.
You said that if the proteomic work is soft and that the xiahii mandible is not Denisovan that maybe its in the East Asian cluster? But isn't that flummoxed by the mandibular form? Maybe you meant that the Denisovan DNA could still link to the Harbin and Dragon Man?
I just subscribed in hopes that your format is to discuss papers. I'm in.
The way you view "us" and "them" (scientists and others) is a little off putting, though. It comes across as though we are different, which as you know through DNA research is not true.
How does the paranthropus dentition compare to an extant vegetation eater like a Gorilla? Could the Gorilla and Paranthropus have a common ancestor? A skull comparison of both is intriguing.
this has has nothing at all to do with australopiths .... honestly, think about it.
" oh, they all evolved forward and backwards at the same time, and there is really no way to connect them with australopiths, but let's do that because we don't know what else to do."
What are our chances of getting similarly enlightening results from Naledi?
I use a different method for sexing the specimens. But it usually ends with me in handcuffs.
Sorry
I would LOVE to hear your take on this Erika!
Why is it that theists especially creationists can't accept evolution, often stating things as though yesterday we were a "monkey" and today humans as we are...... yet those same people won't ever (and trust me I have tried to get them to admit this) say that the computer went from taking up an entire room to being hand held and 5xs more capable; or that a car going from a crank starter model t to a tesla over night.
They seem to grasp how technology evolves in phases and slowly the next person tweaks something and eventually it becomes more user friendly. Humans have >chemistry and physics< as the driving force....why must they always act as though we are something special? I mean come on..... we have NO idea how other species think.... no more than they know how we do....
We didn't live with the dinos... I mean they owned this earth in some form far longer than anything here today..... maybe they evolved to communicate telepathically.... we will never know....
They might not have WANTED to live as we do.... not that they couldnt... we shall never know.... humans like to think we are above all others.... well. Maybe to another species we are grossly underdeveloped and weak because we have to live in houses and can't just BE
...
Sorry for the rant....
This is a great video, thank you for sharing this science! I had to look up paraphyly and still don't really understand it. But i appreciate all the work you put in to making this paper accessible to non-academics!
I just discovered this channel and sooo glad i did!! ❤ thoroughly awesome
This is the second of your videos ive seen. Already got a huge crush on your enthusiasm and knowledge. Keenly looking forward to more.
Just a quick look at our species says hominins are a quickly evolving creature. I wonder what will follow sapiens?
Nicely done as usual btw it's swaaaart krrrans long a sound and rolling r Afrikaans is strange that way it's a really lekker place and yes lekker is nice but also tasty..... Not a objection at all just giving you some background swaart is black kraans is a a ridge outcrop or cliff as in mountain
It won't be too hard for them to reckon with this, they'll just say "nuh-uh!" And move along with their nonsense.