How a Meteor Killed the Dinosaurs and How we Know it Happened
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- Опубліковано 25 лип 2024
- In the Cretaceous rock layer 66 million years ago fossils of non avian dinosaurs are abundant but then after it, in the blink of a geological eye they had all but vanished and in the following period the Palaeogene, mammals were much larger and more diverse. It is common knowledge now that the cause of this dinosaur disappearance was a giant meteor the size of a mountain, but how was this actually found out. And how did it change the earth in such a long and far reaching way.
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Sources:
www.pnas.org/content/116/17/8190
www.pnas.org/content/116/45/2...
www.pnas.org/content/108/37/1...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.jstor.org/stable/236233?s...
I wonder how many years the non avian dinosairs survived after the meteor impact. There hasn't been a lot of popular media that talks about the events happening immediately after the kpg extinction. They just jump directly to age of mammals.
@Catwoman what about the small dinosaurs?
Since most plants died, most herbivores died. Since there were not a lot of large herbivores, most carnivores died. Scavengers that could feed off of corpses and things that fed on dead plants (like insects) managed to survive. And small omnivores that could eat bugs etc also survived.
Catwoman I disagree. I bet you that the vast majority of dinosaurs were dead on Impact Day. Anything that couldn’t hide in a burrow was burned to a crisp by worldwide wildfires set off by rain showers of molten glass striking every part of the planet. Add in the regional tsunamis, and earthquakes and literally nothing bigger than a squirrel or roadrunner, or iguana survived on land, with the exception of crocodiles but they probably survived Impact day by diving deep underwater.
Anthony Ngu It seems like the only dinosaurs to survive were small flightless burrowing birds who ran underground on Impact Day. Small dinosaurs who didn’t have burrows suffered the same fate as their larger cousins: burned to death mostly in global wildfires.
@@chrisamon4551 makes sense.
I love this channel because of how the events are described. Saying that the Meteor was about the size of Everest and how it would have vaporised everything within 500 miles in 10 second really puts it into perspective.
he forgot to mention that it hit the earth at 50,000 miles per hour
The description of 10 kilometers wide from Walking with Beasts still shakes me.
@@NGRevenant nobody knows how fast it really was
But we shouldn't speak with certainty though. The meteor may have just been one of many factors affecting the large dinosaurs. For example, if they were having large pride parades and too many dinosaurs were identifying as the opposite gender, gay, or incel gamers, the birth rate could have plummeted and threatened the species.
@@BoopSnoot not sure if this is a joke but, good theory I guess?
I really enjoyed this video. Can you do another one on the other two mass extinctions? This would be awesome!
Did you know that the current mass extinction is being caused by animal agriculture ?
There's 4 more, hey, more content.
@@isupportthecurrentthing.1514 caused by *current yet antiquated* animal agricultural practices. Dont blame the animals, blame the old systems still in place. check out permaculture and regrarians. we need herding animals. cant have prairies with out buffalo, homie.
@@briank592 We are currently using 80% of the earth's arrable land to feed the 70 billion land animals we eat each year . Most of them are raised in factory farms .
Since regenerative agriculture takes far more land than factory farming , it's not a viable option .
This was covered in chapter five of the IPCC report .
@@briank592 Natural grasslands are not the same as managed pasture . They support a fraction of the biodiversity .
Prairies and buffalo are not dependent on us farming animals
These videos are relaxing even when they're about instantaneous vaporization and apocalyptic catastropes
It's the sound behind his narration , u can barely hear it, beautiful meditative music
I agree! I only found this channel today and I'm addicted!
I absolutely love seeing illustrations of the meteor impact minutes after or minutes before the impact
Actually, I heard that flight isn’t actually the thing that saved birds from extinction, as most of the flying birds at the time also went extinct along with non avian dinosaurs. It might actually be the ground dwelling birds that survive, since they don’t waste a lot of energy in flight and can hide in burrow and hole under ground similar to mammals. Only after the extinction event that they start to radiate and many of their descendants evolved to fill the more airborne niche left by the extinct birds.
Nice
My take on this is that insectivorous animals survived, and a few predators that could prey on insectivores. Insects can exploit pretty much any food source and are able to reproduce quickly enough to take advantage of it, so there would have been a relative abundance of them in the years following the impact.
Malcolm Sewell
Don’t forget seed eaters. Seeds are basically everywhere in a healthy ecosystem prior to the catastrophe and many species are fire proof, water proof and ice proof. A seed bank burried around can feed these small animals for decades. Freshwater ecosystem also seemed to be less affected as well since many organisms inhabiting it are used to low level of oxygen and ph.
@@waranontwiwaha9385 True, though post catastrophe we would have mostly hidden/buried seeds, many lying under a thick layer of ash. I guess the majority of these would be eaten by invertebrates. Most seed eaters today get their food directly from the plants, only those plants able to survive in low-light habitats would make it through. So some seeds in the ground and a few seasonal seeds. Hardly enough to sustain a pure seed eater, but good for omnivores. ;)
How can birds be descendants of dinosaurs if they existed with dinosaurs?
I love the way this is narrated, it really made me emotionally invested on the events and it put the whole ordeal in a new perspective
Please do another video on synapsids, especially some of the weird ones. I feel like they're a hugely unappreciated group of animals.
Synapsids are for nERDS, Evolve breasts later in life nErds and maybe cut back on the motherly instict lmao
@@Sea_Leech
What?
@@Sea_Leech Speaking of evolution, it seems you have some more to do.
YES pleaseeeee that'd be so cool, they are so underrated
@@Sea_Leech UA-cam app is for ages 13+ only if you read the app store
Its always beautiful when something proposed through mathematics is discovered, and fits perfectly with how the mathematics predicts it.
I want one
Wow i never realised the Chicxulub crater had been discovered so recently!
i think it's kind of deep how utterly random this extinction was. it feels like it so easily could have not happened, if that meteor had for whatever reason shot through this suburb of the Milky Way a little later or a little to the left or whatever, you know? it's kind of humbling.
I mean the meteor most likely came from the solar system
100-meter-high tsunami. That is a horror story in four words. Absolutely terrifying. And then there would have presumably been 30-50-meter-high ripples and back-ripples, etc. That site in North Dakota is amazing, especially when considering the location in its context along the ancient sea there. I believe they have found saltwater and freshwater fossils mixed together there with lots of signs of sudden burial. Very cool to learn about the cenotes: had seen photos of these before but didn't know about the relation to the impact... but as soon as the map of their locations is rendered, the circular shape among the scatter is obvious.
I would love to see a video about the survivors of the asteroid impact and the first thousand years afterward.
Not sure they know,they may know the first million,but thousand is a bit too specific
The last time I was this early rising atmospheric O2 levels almost killed all life on earth
This comment has way fewer likes than it should
@@cattibingo Why, because it is absolutely meaningless?
@@pmboston exactly
@@LESLEY484 no it’s meaningless because you either can’t spell or you don’t re read your comments before you post them. Rising O2 levels means more oxygen which was very bad for the anaerobic bacteria but since that was pretty much it for life at the time, bacteria only, life carried on. Rising CO2 levels on the other hand, trap the suns light and heat by turning visible light into infra red light which adds energy (heat) to the atmosphere we all live in. For now.
@@pmboston still dont understand how events that happened on our planet is meaningless though but get to each their own
Imagine the last moment of the last dinosaur. It's a story that lost in the universe forever...
Well I don’t think there was a last dinosaur since they never truly died off (I think?) They just evolved into birds and I’ve even heard people go as far as saying birds are dinosaurs
@@Sub4CarClips yes, they are descended from avian dinosaurs.. wtf are you on?! meth?!
Its crazy to really think about it
Dinosaurs still exist. We call them birds nowadays
@@AifDaimon chill, that’s just some dumb kid
"So if they were outside of blast radius, they would've had a much better chance at survival..."
Alligators and iguanas in Florida, "Hold my beer."
@U D imagine the Florida cave man , uuuffff.
@@july9566 Not even the most primitive primates lived at that time, let alone Humans.
@@eybaza6018 it was a joke my friend. I am a huge fan of dinosaurs since I was a child , I am well aware of the what? 64.7 million years between us ?
What can’t my dude make fascinating?
This channel is well named! I am drawn to this media like a month to light.
Edit: meant moth! Leaving it tho
Brilliant observation! I can't believe I only just realized what the name "Moth Light" meant! xD
Your first sentence is not a sentence and idk wtf you are trying to say there.
@@chrisofstars huh
@@chrisofstars His first sentence makes perfect sense.
Moth, right?
6:11 "This happens after a large die-off because the survivors have a brief time where there is little to no competition, so they will quickly spread and grow where the other plants have fallen"
Same thing happens with bacteria. It's why you have to take so much medicine even after the symptoms go away, because if enough survivors are around, they can re-emerge stronger and more drug-resistant diseases.
"Instantly vaporizing every plant and animal, up to 500 miles away...."
Wow! 500 miles instantly!?
"... in under 10 seconds."
Wo... wait, what?
(Yes, I know he must mean they were instantly vaporized when hit by a blast wave that took about 10 seconds to travel)
the ones vaporized by the light, could only be vaporized IF they were hit by the light. Meaning... if they were behind a mountain, the light would not hit them.
even a thin carbord wall can protect you from the light of a nuclear blast... (which will provoke severe burns otherwise). But the incoming shockwave will kill you.
That chart really helped to put into scale just how catastrophic the Permian mass extinction was.
I'm late to the party. Since I'm not too late, I was able to watch the majority of your channels catalog this afternoon. Top notch content. Channels like yours need to be promoted more. 🍻.
Really proud of your growth. Been a sub since May of 2019 and have enjoyed every video you've uploaded, incredible job.
I have read that with the largest dinosaurs the difference in size of a new born hatchling and a full grown adult was such that the adult was some 28,000 bigger than the hatchling. That's a lot of vegetation it needs to eat.
True.
The circumstances of the K-PG Extinction event and the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs as a result of it is a supporting point for the Mesotherm Dinosaur hypothesis to me. Mesotherm animals are extremely rare nowadays, and that's probably no coincidence. Mesothermy has been proposed as a contributing reason for how dinosaurs were able to get so massive; generating some body heat to accelerate and control metabolism and growth but still relying on some environmental heat stimulus so that body heat generation would not overheat their core bodies and internal organs.
The K-PG Extinction would have complicated this metabolic strategy on both fronts, reducing solar radiation and food availability. Full ectotherms could survive by letting their body temperatures, and metabolisms by extension, drop so low that their dietary needs had equally low requirements until the environment stabilized and warmed up again. Full endotherms could also find ways to survive because their total reliance of internal body heat generation meant that they retained full body stamina and cognitive awareness regardless of environmental temperature, so as long as the body was small enough that the meager food availability in the extinction aftermath was still sufficient enough to fulfill dietary needs an endotherm would've practically always been able to claim any food over animals with other metabolic strategies. Mesotherms, however, had metabolic weaknesses exploited on both ends of the spectrum. Lower global temperatures would have meant that dinosaurs couldn't have maintained an optimal body temperature to reach full physical stamina or mental responsiveness that endotherms could, yet their dietary needs were great enough that they couldn't just suppress their metabolism or enter a state of torpor like the ectotherms could. Mesotherms would have received the worst of both worlds under the circumstances, and could be why not a single species made it out the other side, despite their great diversity right before the incident.
Or they went extinct simply because they ecosystems get destroyed. Especially when you know that many birds and mammals ALSO get extinct with the dinosaurs.
@@ExtremeMadnessX yeah but the specific groups that were entirely eliminated also being the predominately mesothermic groups seems like it's indicative of some kind of pressure specifically against them. This isn't asserting mesothermy as the only factor, but it would point to a significant hurdle facing mesotherms in particular.
That's very interesting
@@sampagano205 do not underestimate how bad it can go if a foodweb gets a major disruption. Even stuff like the end permian which was a quick extinction relatively speaking was caused by a runaway greenhouse effect that messed up the foodweb.
I use to be an underground utility contractor and was one of the many people who installed the U.S. fiberoptics loops and have dug all over the U.S. and every ware we dug in undisturbed earth we would find the layer of iridium rich silt/clay the further north the thinner the layer but it was always there.
I think that the time just after the K-Pg event would be a great "scary" Pixar movie. The protagonists could be a family of small mammals searching for food in a destroyed world populated by starving dinosaurs. A bit dark, but so are Wall-E and Finding Nemo. It could be great if done right!
I always watch these videos twice. One time before bed and a second time as I wake up in the morning :)
Been waiting for an upload, great as always, keep up the great content
Fantastic video, and thank you for continuing to upload so frequently. Your videos impart to me a sense of understanding about the prehistoric world that few other sources ever had.
I’m thankful to pbs digital studios and eons for causing algorithms to bring me here because I now get way more excited when you upload a video.
I just want to say that i really like this channel. Keep up the good work. 👍
6:10 this canyon instantly reminded me of the one in Walking with Dinosaurs Time of the Titans episode.
JHorsti
If I remember correctly, the locations for the episodes were filmed in actual places so maybe it’s the same place idk.
Same.
Actually it's the same place
The smell of prey 🙄
Its fern canyon (wonder how it got its name) located in Humboldt County in North California :D
@@Shootyshoot-ls3xj
Wow, thanks for the information!
Amazing content! Thanks
I love you channel so much its amazing how much you know and how much detail and work you put into your videos! Very impressive!
Not really, he failed to mention the volcanism going on in the Deccan in the same period, meaning his version of the extinction is incomplete and outdated by 20 years
The music 'Ross Bugden - Ascension' was the best fit
I liked this one better personally :
ua-cam.com/video/LV_BV3KcOu8/v-deo.html
They're all nice though, they have that tranquil, nostalgic feeling to them. I guess I like feeling melancholic about long extinct species.
Maybe alternate between them ?
@@rufusfauxnom5737 what the background music name?
@@emperorzerstorer4360 Couldn't find the name sorry, so I linked a video with it instead
@@rufusfauxnom5737 ok, because I love the music so much
Love these videos. They really get me dreaming and imagining other worlds. Amazing stuff
Could be interesting to speculate how much about the kpg extinction might have changed if the meteor had struck Earth in the middle of an ocean instead of partly on land -- certainly some factors would have stayed the same and there would still have been a mass extinction, but the particulars of that extinction might have been very different, and we might even be living on a very different planet right now.
What slew the mighty saurian lords?
A mountain falling from the sky
And all that lived were verminous hordes
The ancestors of you and I.
Can you make a video on the evolution of praying mantis and mantidflies and how even though they're from different groups they look so similar
Wonderful video! I’ve always had questions about this. You should consider doing videos like this about other extinction events as well. I’d love to learn more about the Permian extinction event since it’s probably the biggest.
I wouldn't trust him with getting the other extinctions right as he got this one wrong or misleadingly incomplete. He completely failed to mention the volcanism going on in the Deccan at the same time, I don't know where he got his information for this video but they seem outdated by a good 20 years
Love your videos, great work man!
This channel is my favorite
Thank God I UA-cam recommend this channel to me 😍
check out PBS Eons too, if you haven't already!
@@Jesse__H and Ben G Thomas
So you guys are into nature ? Did you that there's a mass extinction event happening and that we've lost over half of our vertebrates since the 70s ?
It's being caused by animal agriculture . If you're an environmentalist , you must go vegan.
@@isupportthecurrentthing.1514 I MUST do nothing.... MUST is where scary things begin.
@@Jesse__H I love that channel also but thanks for telling
Apocalypse movies are wrong, the apocalypse has already happened so many times.
Did you know there's a current mass extinction event happening ? It's being caused by animal agriculture
And will probably happen again! Humans go extinct next time?
@@JaegerLeMaserati nah, unlike before us, we are smart and possibly able to prevent our early extinction
@@doburu4835 well you see ..... The human population increases drastically and very soon were gonna run out of resources to keep up with insane demand for agriculture
@@Dino-lemon265 those rules don't apply to us, we can change our environment as we please, for better or for worse. If some of the negative effects started to surfsce in a big way in the future. I'm sure majority of the population will act quickly and fix everything else. And stop undermining our specie's resiliency, and our unique skill none of the other animals both dead or alive possess, our intelligence and high level of awareness.
Thank you for answering a question I've been asking myself for a long time, regarding what happened to the small dinosaurs.
Beautiful! Thank you for doing this video ❤️
Very well done video, keep it up!
Thank you, finally someone that explains the "circle of holes" in yucatan thing. Usually other channels are like "an there are signs of a huge asteroid impact..." but... what signs?!
I really like your style, less frequent videos, but reaaaally good quality!
You mustn't be good at finding good science channels on youtube then. I've never seen any fail to show the crater location, it's so widely known now, I even learned it in high school. But it seems you're still not good at finding good science channels, cause this video completely fails to mention the volcanic activity going on in the Deccan at the same time, another thing i also learned in high school
@@samarkand1585 you did not understand me
@@manuelpena3988 I'm sorry then, I'm all ears
Purgatorius is such a poetic name for a mammal in this period
Very good presentation, sir. 👌
I especially like that you spoke of the cenotes. Most people just point to the crater outline.
So happy to see another upload
I wonder: if the meteor had never hit the Earth, what kind of life would be here today.
We would be sentient dinosaurs, drinking Raptorade, posting on Jawsbook, voting between Democratosaurus and Republicarnotaurs (for US lizards at least), and gather around the end of the year to celebrate T-rexmas
There wouldn't hominids species that's for sure.
Anything larger than an Dog would die.
we wouldn't exist lol
There's a speculative evolution project by Dr.Polaris called ,,alter Earth'' that explores this idea.
It was Lord Beerus he confirmed it .. its canon.
Congrats on hitting the 100k
Very interesting and well told! Thank you! Are you going to do one about the permian-triassic extinction?
why is it said 66 million years ago now when did a million year pass without me knowing ?
It was like 65.5 million years ago or something, people usually just round it up to 66 million.
Best nature show on the net!
Love it.
Nice vid man👌
Brilliant video again. Thanks!
6:09 looks exactly like the spot from walking with dinosaurs and Jurassic Park 2 where that one dude gets eaten by a pack of little dinos.
That's cause it is from walking with dinosaurs
I still wanna know where it is
those little dinos were from a Triassic species called Compsognathus
That’s because it is. It’s fern canyon, California.
Wasn't it that place where the stegosaurus got paranoid and killed a little apatosaurus? And then two allos came along
Great channel. Simon Conway Morris made a list of all things that happened after the impact, from the span of minutes to years.
Thanks! I always read the comment sections, just for gems like this! Edit: was it in written form or recorded, do you recall?
@@regular-joe I do not know if you mean it in an ironic or sarcastic way. But you can find that list in one of Stephen Stearn's lectures on evolution.
@@rksmiths2773 No, I was absolutely in earnest. Thank you very much for the additional info.
Interesting video. I liked and subscribed.
Great content!
What you forget is that the preiod before the impact was a heavily tectonicly active period, this already creating a more poisonous planet then usually, because of vulcanic poisons.
Not to mention climat chaos due to regular tectonic shifts.
Okay, but we'd not be talking about the kpg extinction event in the way we do if not for the asteroid. Like. Undoubtedly those things played a part, but emphasizing the decisive factor here seems pretty important, because without that we'd probably be looking at a much less severe extinction event that would likely have very different selection pressures for what survives and what fails.
@@sampagano205 Yes, without the asteroid this would have been much less severe.
Hey I’ve found ammonite fossils lol just on the edge of my Rez lol beautiful gem stones and fossils
I'd love to see a video on the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. Half the size of the
Chicxulub crater, but would have devastated everything along the US east coast.
As well as short videos like this you could do longer hour long versions for those more interested in details.
I have got to admit, this video was very well made. Recently, I did some research on the animals that survived the K/T event such as Purgatorius and Thoracosaurus and it turns out that these guys made it up to the early Paleogene era. This made me wonder if some dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus, pterosaurs like Quetzalcoatulus, and extinct sea reptiles like Mosasaurus would have made it to the early Paleogene era if the mass extinction did not occur.
Very well made yet he completely skipped the Deccan trapps? Without this mention his whole description of the extinction is completely misleading
Perhaps, however the latest research has shown that the dinosaurs were doing just fine until the asteroid struck the Earth. Even with the eruptions from the Deccan Traps the dinosaurs still would have prevailed.
@@matthewmarx9251 Yeah that's why now the admitted theory is that it was the added effects of these two cataclysms that caused the extinction, and that a single one of them might have not been enough to cause such a loss. After all, all the major extinction events and most of the minor ones have been linked to large Igneous provinces like the Deccan Trapps, the same cannot be said about asteroid impacts. In any case my main gripe about this video is that he completely skipped this part, you can't talk about this extinction and mention one without the other
@@samarkand1585 You know what? You're right, he should have mentioned the Deccan Traps in this video.
@@matthewmarx9251 watch?v=st_2C_Wrw4A
there's this video that I love about large igneous provinces and how they cause extinctions, and he's got another one that goes more in depth about mantle plumes, and it's fascinating
It is very confusing when you mix imperial and metric units. Please be consistent and use metric (the system recognized in science)
I'm sorry I thought this was America?
@@THIS---GUY bruh u ain’t gotta be in America to watch this
@@baijiwastaken I'm not from USA is a south park joke
@@THIS---GUY shit my bad
I really enjoy that its more than just a video about the extinction of the dinosaurs as its a bit of history and philosophy of this field of science. You give such a clear overview of the different strains of thinking, the scientific debates and the different kind of metaphysical assumptions underlying the categorization and thinking of these researchers, that's really impressive. I would love to see you do a reading of Foucault's the Order of Things and then how you see that relating to for instance animal categorizations over time. In any case, great content!
Beautiful and all, yet this whole video is wrong or misleadingly incomplete, as he completely skips the mention of the volcanism going on at the Deccan during this period
@@samarkand1585 That's even sort of irrelevant, for me at least, as its more an insight in the thinking of this field of science, not the details.
Great video!
I was in my first year geology class just a few hours after the meteor impact site was announced. The professor spent about 5 minutes discussing the findings, and how nobody in paleontology was particularly surprised that the k/T extinction was extraterrestrial. What surprised me was that even he knew that the worst possible spot to hit the Earth and create the most massive extinction event possible was to hit a carbonate platform in the ocean, maximizing CO2 aerosolization and the resulting dust cloud and acidity.
like it was aimed...
"The More You Know".
@Elizabeth Frantes of course it is...we humans as species love knowledge and have a big curiosity that we want to cover...it's obvious from the technology we developed and the scientists that studied the laws of nature and other things..if we were not curious about anything and just did not care about knowledge we would most likely live on trees just like the animal humans evolved from did
Did you know that animal agriculture is responsible for the current mass extinction event ?
If you're an environmentalist , you must be vegan .
@@isupportthecurrentthing.1514 going vegan is not enough
@@firegator6853 Not if global warming takes hold but environmental destruction is a separate issue and not being vegan is the cause of it . We currently use 80% of our land to feed animals. 60% of earth's mammals ,by mass , now live on farms and they consist of a handful of speicies . Veganism is imperative for environmentalists .
So why aren't you vegan yet ?
@@isupportthecurrentthing.1514 widespread veganism would alleviate habitat clearing for agriculture as you say, but it wouldn't prevent clearing that occurs for industry - just two examples being forestry monoculture for your paper and cotton monoculture for your clothes
Very well presented!
Well done 👍. Very well done. Have a good one, mk
Man, what I would give to be able to see that asteroid impact. It's so mind-blowing trying to imagine what that would look like!
Also, any chance you could do a video on trilobites (or any of those early Cambrian animals)? As a kid, I was always fascinated by dinosaurs. But I have recently become infatuated with organisms from the Cambrian/Ordovician/Silurian - animals that existed for hundreds of millions of years are absolutely incredible. I would even go as far to say that early life is more interesting to me than dinosaurs.
Some people have a really hard time imagining things. It’s called aphantasia. Most people find it really easy.
Look at James Bay, north of my province. The lower right side really looks like a what would be our biggest crater. Look at the rim and a glacier worn peak farther out in the bay. No one still has pronounced themselves officially, some say it is, some say it's a natural formation. I've personally considered it a crater for 45 years.
It might be a crater from a different, albeit smaller impact.
this is such a good channel
For a more detailed explanation of the Imapct or Alvarez Theroy, I recommend the fourth part of PBS's old documtary The Dinosaurs. It has the people that discovered the crater and made the theroy. It also explains what actually could have made a crater that large.
It’s possible that after the strike when the nuclear winter hit then the plant eaters died out because of lack of plants, then the carnivores died because of lack of meat there were still enough dinos left to eventually make a comeback but small mouse like mammals became omnivorous scavengers surviving on whatever they could find including Dino eggs eventually finishing them off. The Hindi word for mouse and thief are the same.
Should point out that there was a study that suggest that all modern birds might have derived from a lineage of generalized ground dwelling birds based on a study of how birds survived the K-Pg mass extinction (Answer: barely...). This would imply that most if not all the Cretaceous flying/arboreal birds, Eniantornithes mostly, did went extinct and that arboreality or long distance flight may have been re-evolved in an entirely derived lineage, I.E. Aves probably because of the blocked sunlight and polluted air quality perhaps.
This doesn't seem right, because ratites, which emerged shortly after the extinction, all descend from a flying ancestor, and convergently evolved flightlessness up to 6 times in different lineages. So if all surviving birds were flightless, flight would have had to evolve again in proto-ratites only to then be lost. Flight is not easy to evolve, it's only happened a few times.
You guys have to visit South Dakota ! The black hills and the badlands ! I love that state. One of my favorite places to go .
This is my first time checking in after a good few months. I'm SO happy to see you've surpassed 100k subs! You deserve it so much
Ooh. Next do a video about the Deccan traps please.
It should have been mentioned at the same time in this video. Even if just as a sidenote thing, since the asteroid impact was the focus of this video, you can't talk about this extinction and mention one without the other
Just imagine the thoughts of the animals that experianced this event.
They never knew that they just experianced the, most likely, most segnificant natural event in earths history.
The most significant event complex life experienced was the Permian exitinction 252 million yers ago, and that made even the K-PG exitinction look not that bad, it was a literal armageddon.
Great way too start the month!
Great video.
imagine being one of these animals that survived the mass extinction....living secretly under the shadows of weird looking giants and in a blink of an eye suddenly the whole environment around you changes and becomes almost empty....it's scary when after all these things that happened on the open surface suddenly all the big creatures became super rare and slowly going extinct it's even scarier if a small creature the size of a mouse grew with no dinosaurs (since small creatures usually grow super fast and have short lifespan) wandering in the open and a giant (for the small creature) surviving non avian dinosaur suddenly appears out of nowhere and live in fear for the rest of it's short life even if they all went extinct when it's still alive
well i know their intelligence maybe was not high enough for that but still in our mind it's scary
What do you think will remain after the current mass extinction has run its course ?
Humans will of course never see any new animals evolve , so it's gonna be pretty lonely.
It's being caused by animal agriculture which is why the world needs to go vegan ASAP to save what we can .
Have you gone vegan yet ?
@@isupportthecurrentthing.1514 the most dangerous things is the pollution of nature and destroying wildlife for products not eating what we farm we can actually choose what to eat if we only choose what we raise and not what we get from the wild it's gonna be reduced
And my comment has nothing to do with humans i just try to imagine the psychology of a small animal that survived after the mass extinction which was used to be surrounded by giants and it's suddenly free to roam around but still lives in fear due to what it experienced and thinks they may still around but if any last dinosaur was left it's children which never were used to live around giants would find that terrifying if they met a last surviving dinosaur or even a corpse with rotten flesh on it
@@firegator6853 Animal agriculture is the main polluter of nature. The runoff destroys waterways and creates ocean dead zones . It is also the main cause of deforestation and habitat loss .
We currently use 80% of our land to feed the 70 billion animals we raise and kill each year. 60% of earth's mammals , by mass , now live on farms and they only consist of a handful of speicies.
It takes far more land to raise animals than it does to eat the plants directly , this is why a vegan diet could support the population of the world on a fraction of the land we currently use . The rest could be rewilded and provide the habitat earth's creatures so desperately need .
@@isupportthecurrentthing.1514 the deforestation is mostly for human expansion and wood products greenhouses (plant food) and animal factories for animal products are a problem too the biggest problem is burning fossil fuels which causes both climate change and destroys the environment and throwing trash is also a massive problem
food product factories both plants and meat are the 15% of the destruction we cause
a solution for making less food factories is actually protect the food products more and use only what we raise not wild food sources 50% of the food products (animals and plants) die so if they are raised properly we have both increase in food and money for those who make it and also less factories made
385.000 babies are born each day so what we really must do is make less babies
the babies we make now are so many that if we stop making babies on the planet for one week which is in total 2 million babies will not affect our population at all and this is very crazy
in some words our whole existance is a problem except if we control OUR population and let the animals which people say must be controlled like seagulls alone our expansion is a problem if we protect our planet as much as possible and most importantly control our population we will maybe exist long enough for space travelling *(i personally believe this will never happen)*
Birds are dinosaurs, Chickens are even classed as theropoda like T-Rex.
Hahahahhahahuahau sure
@WITE FOX so crazy cause its not true
This channel is awesome
Love Ur work
Those poor dinosaurs had their vacations in Cancun completely ruined!
Amazing!! Can we have a video about The Great Dying next????
I wouldn't trust him with explaining the other extinctions right, since he completely failed to mention the volcanism going on in the Deccan at the same time, I don't know where he got his information for this video but they seem outdated by a good 20 years
@@samarkand1585 this was about the meteor not the extinction
@@paleoleft 'The meteor that killed off the dinosaurs'
-'this wasn't about the extinction'
Man you have real issues with reading I swear
@@samarkand1585 the subject of the sentence and video is the meteor itself. you can't seem to read yet you critique me lmao
Well done!
If I ever build a time machine, that's one event I'd love to go back and see. Just imagine?
Fate is whimsical.Because of that asteroid we are here watching this video.
But another asteroid can wipe everything out before the video even finished :c
The amount of misinformed people in the comment section is bizzare, some of the things i'm seeing people type are the kinds of stuff i thought people only joked about.
Never underestimate the amount of stupidity in the world
woot! 2 separate videos featuring purgatorius in the same day!!!
Great job!
I love it, i would just have added that pterosaurs died off because in the late cretaceous most species were relatively large thus needed a lot of calories to survive, the smallest late cretaceous pterosaurs we have found were pretty big, as large as sea gulls. Pterosaurs were more diverce late cretaceous than we previously thought: blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/blog/_archives/2018/03/15/pterosaurs-more-diverse-at-the-end-of-the-cretaceous-than-previously-thought.html
In the Mediterranean they found an island full of different species dated to the late cretaceous, but again the smallest species was pretty large, birds filled the niche of small generalist late cretaceous.
Yeah thank you for pointing this out in such a nice concise reply. I tried to address this in a post as well but with other things as well in a long err wall of text.
Also probably worth noting that the loss of thermals would have hit them quite hard.
@@Dragrath1 I'm no expert on thermals but from my understanding pterosaurs dinosaurs mammals and some aquatic reptiles were all warm blooded.
@@trvth1s Yeah exactly to varying degrees there were also some crocodillian relatives that had some degree of endothermy
@@Dragrath1 I'm no expert and haven't been able to find information on it but maybe you know; do we know pterosaur or nonavian dinosaurs body temperature? I've done sky diving and paramotor in hot Florida weather and it is freezing cold up there. I know modern birds maintain a higher body temperature than mammals because of this, from my understanding pterosaurs were better marathon flyers than any vertebrate, I would expect a low metabolism would not suffice for such animals but idk
You know maybe there was many species of small pterosaurus, but their bones were too fragile to fossilize...
Isn't it a bit of a claim to say that we know this? It's a strong hypothesis. That's not the same as knowing.
Pretty irrefutable evidence at this point
@@THIS---GUY I understand what you're saying but can we ever know that our inability to refute an idea isn't just a failure of our being able to imagine a better alternative explanation? There is a gap between theory and reality which we always seem to forget when we rush to claim that we know something. Knowing is a very particular thing which is different from strongly believing. Humans once 'knew' that the Sun went round the Earth.
I love your content
Alvarez father and son studied the iridium anomaly layer in Gubbio, Italy. It's a wonderful place, come to see it.