Since it was a live talk, my guess is that the captions came from someone using one of those live transcription machines with the weird keyboard that lets them type words in just a few button presses. They're normally preprogrammed with English words only, plus a couple catch-alls for stuff the transcriptionist wasn't able to catch... leading to this sort of useless result for a talk that's not in any particular language.
I private messaged David on Facebook I think sometime after season two of Game of Thrones when I was still a teenager. I asked him how many people did what he did and how one could go about hiring someone like him because I planned on making a video game some day. He messaged me back and was extremely kind and helpful. To this day, I still look up the creators of fictional languages whenever I hear one in a new movie or TV show. And it's always David! I'm glad to know he's had such success in the years since GoT.
I only came here at the comments section to see if anyone paid attention to that... lol... And yes, they do. F. ex., in Danish they have this sound, as well as Swedish.
A stop after a stop is totally possible. In Greek we have tons of those: κτήριο "ktirio", means "building"; πτερύγιο "ptetiyio", means "fin"; κτήμα "ktima", means "estate"/"property".
@ThisIsMyRealName Yeah exactly. But χτίζω does not have an aspirate in the beginning, Χ is a fricative, so this word is pronounced ['xtizo]. But some remain as two stops, e.g. πτώση ['ptosi]. We also have this weird one that can give English speakers a headache: τμήμα ['tmima].
Subject-object-verb order in programming languages: Haskell : love i cat (VSO) Smalltalk : i love cat (SVO) PostScript : cat i love (OSV) Most of the mainstream programming languages are both SVO and VSO, such as Python, Java, and C++
Haskell can really be anything you want. VSO: love i cat VOS: love cat i SVO: i `love` cat OVS cat `love` i You can even define an operator: > x ♥ y = x ++ " love " ++ y > "i" ♥ "cat" "i love cat"
@@gamerfortynine Just because my toaster has settings other than "raw" and "charcoal" doesn't mean that my opinion about toast more important than that of others. I was referring to a nuanced "star rating". One thumb for good two thumbs up for excellent, three for best-thing-since-sliced-bread, etc. Another (subtle) hint was that I _really_ liked this particular video. I guess subtlety is lost on YouTewbers
I have no linguistic background other than taking ASL in high school and after watching this video I feel like I know everything and nothing at the same time
Disappointed that the talk got bogged down in phonology, though I do understand that it's more important than a full grammar and lexicon if making a language for a movie. Clearly that's what the audience was into.
Yeah I'm pretty sure the audience would have loved to follow along with other parts as well if mr peterson had the time, but due to constraints, the phonology taking a long time is what ended up squishing the rest way down.
It feels like the audience was a mixed bag. Some were geeking out majorly on linguistic distinctions, others seemed like laypersons, others felt like just fans of his work. Guess it depends what each wanted from the talk.
You could totally have a meaningful pronoun for non-physical things. Like if English used ka for non-physical things you'd see "this is UA-cam, ka is a website"I." It's not really a "colorless green ideas sleep furiously" thing. Colorlessness is incompatible with greenness. Non-physical pronouns are just really weird.
Why? Nonphysical pronouns make perfect sense, even if they would only be used in very specific cases. For instance, in the phrase, "God, I ask you to guide me through these difficult times", I would expect the "you" to be nonphysical, since it's referring to god, a nonphysical entity. In a story about ghosts, anyone referring to a ghost by he/she would probably use the nonphysical version of the pronouns. Or maybe even real people talking about fictional characters from a book or movie would use the nonphysical pronouns for them. So someone writing a review of Harry Potter might use nonphysical "he" to refer to the titular character. There might be other uses to this kind of pronoun, but I can't think of any.
@@QuotePilgrim maybe its presence implies that native speakers are more likely to go out of their way to use it; stuff like "gravity, thou art a heartless bitch" as a common method of swearing, or something.
I'm excited to hear he worked on the upcoming Dune film. I'd love to see the fonts for that released. A book on the languages made for the film might be good. Years ago, there was a big Dune Encyclopedia that went into fan-made conlangs and nearly every other detail of the fan-base and Dune book lore. It had something on a Fremen script derived from a very simplified and modified Arabic, and a very modified version of English, which I think they used for Galach. Not sure if David knew about that resource., But it will sure be interesting to hear and see what he came up with for the new film. (The font in the one photo looks very neat.)
I love how similar to some other languages the word for "remember" came up. Māti ("to know") sounds like the ancient Greek root μαθ- (math-), from which we have words such as "to learn", "knowledge" and "mathematics". While mamáti (to remember) sounds like Latin "memento" (future imperative of "remember"). I wonder if the person who suggested it took inspiration from it :)
30:31 ofcourse we do dual commands in arabic, it's not just about nouns, also verbs could be talking about exaclly two people eshrab اشرب (one) eshraba اشربا (two) eshrabo اشربوا (plural)
Took a workshop with this person at a world building conference and it was one of the most fun and intellectually stimulating activities I've done in a conference. Delightful. Geek out on basic linguistics.
Peterson is becoming bigger than the others before him(Tolkein, Okrand, and Vrommer). I wonder if he and Okrand should form a committee with special UA-cam conlangers to reinvent the Atlantean language for the upcoming live-action remake of Disney's Atlantis: The Lost Empire.
@@JTDimino I agree its unrealistic, as given 1000 years someone will eventually out do Tolkien. But to say Peterson is close to Tolkien is laughable, Tolkien created 9 fully functional languages, in a time before the IPA and access to information about other languages from around the world was readily available and linguistics as fleshed out and heavily researched as it is in the modern era. He created actual writing systems for these languages to, where as the vast majority of the languages Peterson has created don't need or require a writing system, and he did all of this while living through the 2 greatest and most devastating wars humanity has ever seen.
@@JTDimino Of course it does, Tolkien had to waste time looking for information in books, and if those books weren't available you just didn't get that information, if he had the luxuries of modern conlangers he would of been able to far exceed what he already did, which to this day still outdoes a lot of modern conlangers
well I tought I would get some fine tips fro getting somewhere faster when creating a language but its pretty much just him applying years of knlowlege as if it was the simplest thing ever. it was pretty fun watching tho
I would say similar for UK's BSL, though OSV and OVS (like in the talk) are more natural. Perhaps even dropping the subject 'I' if it's obvious from context.
"This hand is inalienably possessed." -- My mind went to: "This hand is possessed by a human ghost." So if it's "alienable possession" it's an alien ghost! Hahaha. Of course, that's not what alienable / inalienable possession means, but hey, my mind went there. :D And I'm pretty sure there's a very bad old movie and a somewhat better Doctor Who arc where we get hands crawling around on their own. Oh, and then there's Thing from the Addams Family, where the hand is not possessed, but its own living creature, but it (apparently) can't speak, it uses, er, hand language, signs or charades or gestures. Hmm.... What can I say, it's been a long week. Possibly this quarantine social distancing life as a hermit thing is getting to me....
@@ilc_o_O I think that he was talking about laguages having that vowel as a full-fledged phoneme, not just an allophone or a local realization of a different vowel without phonemic distinction.
for fun I translated "Please remember to wash your hands with warm water" in Vadan and honestly it's quite simple. "Snala Šožomina ghklemšagha wata banav"
47:50 to be clear, Russian does have words for arm, palm, wrist, elbows, and whatever else. It just use an "arm" as a blanket term. Because there's no room for interpretation in cases like "hands up" or "hands off". (Yes, all of your arm, no you are not allowed to leave your wrists where they are). When you are visiting a doctor, otoh.
Although they exist, Russian speakers never use them. It's always ruka, noga. The word "kist", if they ever use it, will mean an artists brush rather than a hand.
Plosives after plosives are probrably possible because plosives are similar to each other and plateaus are a consonant followed by a similar consonant, like plosive followed by plosive
There is computer conlangs for programming and there is spoken language and written language like language invention can build a culture and influence world building
11:30 i think Danish has that sound, and it's actually extremely common! if a verb is indefinite, it ends with that symbol if a noun is plural, it most often ends with that (if that is the correct sound, that is) would love to get some feedback on this!
As far as I know, Danish uses that symbol to denote sounds that are not exactly what that same symbol stands for in the IPA, for example [œ], which is an open-mid front rounded vowel and not a fully open one. But [ɶ] should occur in Danish as an allophone.
@@mattiacarvetta ok so I found a minimal pair between œ and ɶɐ̯ bøn /bœnˀ/ børn /bɶɐ̯nˀ/ I don't think there are any with the non-diphthong version tho
@@axospyeyes281 Oh nice catch! But I think that technically speaking that doesn't count as a true minimal pair. What's going on here is that probably the [ɐ̯] part of the diphthong is lowering a possible [œ] to [ɶ]. But do you know what Danish people would think if one would pronounce børn as [bœɐ̯nˀ]? So, with a wrong diphthong?
You said click languages have at least three clicks, but Sesotho only has one: the post-alveolar click. (Well, there's three varieties - glottalized, aspirated, and nasal - but they're all post-alveolar.)
He didn’t say that. He said “minimum three” and “it might be two -I’m going to have to check on that” so he’s unsure but he definitely said no language only has one isolated click sound
@@columbus8myhw That doesn't count as one, because there's phonemic distinction between the three, so that makes a total of three distinct click consonant sounds. As an aside, Sesotho speakers also make use of dental clicks as allophones.
4:32 Native English speaker here, but I tend to pronounce ng as themselves rather than as the velar nasal, so literally just sin-g for sing. I feel like now I've been speaking improper English all my life haha
same, i think. i jsut make a really small G noise- actually... i think the noise i make is the Palatal Nasal (ɲ). its like N but G but N ?? its not N because my tongue moves back, but its not G because its not .. g. if its not that, i have no idea what it is.
Án tit bra et elha nanguet gji u ih án hyazj un fa' kmånen u kmåmen IPA: a:n tit bra: et elha nangwet ghi u: i: a:n ha:ž Un fa' kmo:nen u: kmo:nen English: i did create my own language and yes I need to work more and more (on it) It's mix between my native language (arabic) And hebrew (my third language ) And other European languages such as Dutch and swedish and Esperanto And I'm also working on understanding the Chinese tones so i can add them later 🙂
Oddly enough, in many European languages (well, English and French do that, and probably most romance languages), politeness in verbs is basically the second or first person conditional and subjunctive, a tense that marks possibility, and therefore, choice.
I don't think it counts as a gender, but in french there is the alienable/non-alienable distinction for possession sometimes, so instead of « lavez-vous tes mains » (wash your hands) it's « lavez-vous les mains » (wash the hands). I never thought of it that way though
No, he's not talking about grammatical number there, just the vote itself. A 'serpentine' vote means getting everyone to individually say what their vote is. What he's been doing instead - just glancing at the crowd and seeing which option seems to have more votes - is much faster but less precise, so it doesn't work in a situation like this where there's no clear winner. That's why he jokes about counting people quickly like sheep, then decides to overrule the vote because he doesn't have time to figure out which option won (which he could have done by holding a serpentine).
The Swedish language has the letter "Ö" which is the front vowel sound Mr. Peterson imitates at 11:14. The letter Ö is also one of our shortest words: "En ö" = "An Island", the same goes with our letter "Å" which sort of corresponds to the "O" sound in the beginning of the english word "ordinary" but stressed for more lenght; "En å" = "A river".
@@spegnagmaglorious3590 So this is the most complicated and illogical part of swedish grammar for learners to grasp. And the most difficult to explain... The swedish equivalent of "a, an", the indefinite article is "en, ett" and was based on the word gender classes of old germanic language tradition; masculinum, femininum and reale. So.. That changed at somepoint and for some reason and we now use Utrum, (from Latin, Uter - "one of two"), and Neutrum (from Latin, Neuter -"none of two") Okay, I'm not gonna attempt to get this right... LONG STORY SHORT: No, it's not the same, and not as easy as in English! We use En, Ett because of old traditions of creating words with attatched gender labels. The Utrum is the masculinum, and Neutrum is the other one. For example: "en kung, kungen" = "A king, the king" - here we see the masculine gender prefix "(e)n" in front of Kung, since kings can only be masculine. But we see "en" as a suffix as well in the definitie article "kungen", adding the masculine gender suffix as a prefix instead. In contrast: the Neutrum "(e)t" in this example "Ett Äpple, Äpplet =An Apple, The Apple" use both the prefix and suffix (e)t and becomes ett, or (e)t. IN CONCLUSION! Take this with a grain of salt, but most of it is correct-ish, but can be explained better and differently! We don't teach this to our students.. We teach them to learn which words use what prefix or suffix, and how it works in a clause - not the illogical rules behind it! =)
@@JNC7 You got a lot of things wrong: 1. He was a KING, not an emperor. 2. He invented the Korean ALPHABET, not the language. Before the Korean alphabet, it was written using various methods, the oldest dating back to the 6th~7th century.
@@blerst7066 exactly! And he invented this alphabet so that everyone in the country could learn it because only scholars could read and write Korean with Chinese characters fluently at the time.
Wait the OE Digraph does exist in natural language... ɶ does occur in Swedish. I can say it with extreme ease due to being Swedish. However it's cheating being Swedish because I don't think there exist a vowel sound that isn't in Swedish or a dialect of it. I say ɶ Rɶv when I want to say ass. I don't use œ sound unless I'm just going œ: for an hour or so as I think about something... kind of like English people going umm.. Sure Swedish don't really distinguish them in speech but œ and ɶ are different enough. Someone please go complain at his UA-cam...
Well, "no number" simply means that there is no direct way of seeing the number of a noun. So let’s say "moya" means cat in a language with no number. Then "moya" could either mean "a cat", or "two cats" or "many cats" - it just isn’t specified. Some major languages, like Chinese if I’m not mistaken, function this way. And in these cases, the only way of knowing the precise number of cats, is either inferred by context, or your language has some other detached way of identifying it.
Mr. Peterson, at 2:02 you said: "that form could take various routes." Since you are an accomplished linguist, I had assumed that you would've used the unambiguous pronunciation of "routes" (/rauts/). Instead, you said /ruts/. So it sounded like "roots". Great video 👍
The dialect of English that a person speaks has nothing to do with how accomplished a linguist they are. Having said that, a linguist might be more likely to know that the word route comes from French, in which the vowel is an /u/. I do wonder how some Americans ended up pronouncing "route" as /raut/. It doesn't seem to be part of a systematic shift in vowel sounds. I imagine it likely started as just some uneducated person who read it off the page and didn't know how to pronounce it properly.
@@omp199 I didn't say anything about dialect. And I didn't say anything about what makes someone an accomplished linguist. While I 100% agree with your first statement, I failed to see what it has to do with my comment---until I realized that in your experience, /rut/ and /raut/ are dialectical differences. See, in my experience near Chicago (such as it is), these 2 pronunciations are completely interchangeable. I know someone from Wisconsin who agrees with me on that. I've often heard people say /rut/ when following it with a number, then say /raut/ in the next sentence when it's NOT followed by a number. You're on to something. Look at the English word "couch" which comes from the French "couche", "blouse" from "blouse", "gouge" from the tool called "gouge" in French; same thing with the bird called "grouse", and the lesser known "rout" from "route" or "déroute". Finally "joust" vs "joute". Yes, I know I'm using the modern spellings, even though the words have gone through metamorphoses in both languages. My point is, in each of those examples the "ou" is /au/ in English, but is /u/ in its French cognate. So I think these could be examples of the phenomenon that you're describing. Although I suspect it had just as much to do with convenience and apathy as it had to do with lack of education.
40:00 why does it have to be strict? You could do it like in german where the only rule is verb at the second place. So you can say I love cats - cats love I Or maybe just don't have a word order at all so all are allowed
@@ducking... well yes in particular case "I love cat" = "Ich liebe die Katze" is preferred but what I wanted to say is that you don't need a set in stone word order.
I'm surprised that David didn't mentioned that some languages allow you to diverge from it's basic order. For example, Russian has SVO order in general, though you can use a different order, dependin on whether you make a statement or answer a specific question, and which question exactly it is. So like in German, in Russian you can say "cats love I" (as in "I do love cats") or "cats I love" as an answer to "you do love dogs, but what about cats?", and so on.
Me po mákid a cónstructídoid léng ov mér un. Eí po bolid Skáiléng. - Skáiléng I made a constructed language of my own. It's called Skáiléng (sky language) - English ---- I was inspired by TRIGEDASLENG FROM *THE 100* -- Skáiléng follows the grammar rules mostly the same as English except b4 every verb there has to be a "po" to identify it as a verb.
@@sprigslashvital291 Sometimes sounds are pronounced differently, for example in English the /l/ sound is often velarised to /ɫ/ at the ends of words; you can feel the difference if you say "lol". They're not separate sounds though, just versions of /l/
Very interesting system for a conlang. It'd be interesting to know how the conculture works. Though I think there's no such distinction in natural languages.
disappointed at subtitler who just transcribed non-English sounds as "[INAUDIBLE]" rather than putting in their IPA values
Take that up with UA-cam (google) 😂
Honestly!!
@@user-zb6lg1xj3k I'm sure some SJW at Google will hunt them down and cancel them. Aholes
@@Motivatedk9 bruh stop bringing up politics everywhere
Since it was a live talk, my guess is that the captions came from someone using one of those live transcription machines with the weird keyboard that lets them type words in just a few button presses. They're normally preprogrammed with English words only, plus a couple catch-alls for stuff the transcriptionist wasn't able to catch... leading to this sort of useless result for a talk that's not in any particular language.
I private messaged David on Facebook I think sometime after season two of Game of Thrones when I was still a teenager. I asked him how many people did what he did and how one could go about hiring someone like him because I planned on making a video game some day. He messaged me back and was extremely kind and helpful. To this day, I still look up the creators of fictional languages whenever I hear one in a new movie or TV show. And it's always David! I'm glad to know he's had such success in the years since GoT.
0:00 intro
2:00 phonology
23:00 grammar
46:00 vocabulary
rtgha
"i don't think they list on the IPA anymore"
they do
Ok
I only came here at the comments section to see if anyone paid attention to that... lol... And yes, they do. F. ex., in Danish they have this sound, as well as Swedish.
@@leonardocastilhone399 but that sound is not phonemic in any language
@@adamabouelleil160 except danish
@@object-official it's allophonic in Danish, not phonemic
A stop after a stop is totally possible. In Greek we have tons of those: κτήριο "ktirio", means "building"; πτερύγιο "ptetiyio", means "fin"; κτήμα "ktima", means "estate"/"property".
@ThisIsMyRealName
Yeah exactly.
But χτίζω does not have an aspirate in the beginning, Χ is a fricative, so this word is pronounced ['xtizo]. But some remain as two stops, e.g. πτώση ['ptosi]. We also have this weird one that can give English speakers a headache: τμήμα ['tmima].
One of the reasons why I love Greek's phonoaesthetic
Plus in English we words like "sept" and "sect".
Granted, it's not super prevalent, but it's still there.
turn the first plosive into an ejective
Georgian Language
mts’k’rtveli
gvprtskvni
gvbrdghvni
mt’k’vineuli
He says there’s nothing worse than “crafts” but what about “fifths”
or sixths /sɪksθs/ :(
@@LAMarshall omg I never thought about that one
@@Ott3rpup hahaha, yeah it's horrible. As a native speaker, I just say /sɪkθs/ or even [s̪ɪks̻ː] if I'm lazy 😅
@@FamicomLass that’s a good one too, though -sixss- sixths is much more common in daily speech
@@LAMarshall oh goodness that is a mouthful
Subject-object-verb order in programming languages:
Haskell : love i cat (VSO)
Smalltalk : i love cat (SVO)
PostScript : cat i love (OSV)
Most of the mainstream programming languages are both SVO and VSO, such as Python, Java, and C++
Love("I", "cat");
VSO.
Haskell can really be anything you want.
VSO: love i cat
VOS: love cat i
SVO: i `love` cat
OVS cat `love` i
You can even define an operator:
> x ♥ y = x ++ " love " ++ y
> "i" ♥ "cat"
"i love cat"
@@willmcpherson2
A monad is just a monoid in the cat of endofurries.
@@willmcpherson2 it cant be OSV tho
@@ExaltedHermit Yeah, SOV as well. The verb/function can't be postfix.
I'd love to see what different audiences got as their resulting sentence
Dear Google, Why doesn't YT have a feature allowing me to put two 'likes' ?
@@gamerfortynine Just because my toaster has settings other than "raw" and "charcoal" doesn't mean that my opinion about toast more important than that of others. I was referring to a nuanced "star rating". One thumb for good two thumbs up for excellent, three for best-thing-since-sliced-bread, etc. Another (subtle) hint was that I _really_ liked this particular video. I guess subtlety is lost on YouTewbers
I have no linguistic background other than taking ASL in high school and after watching this video I feel like I know everything and nothing at the same time
You are the Kwisatz Haderach.
@@h3lblad3 Ah yes, a man of culture I see.
@@shaikai3 Biblaridion has a good series called How To Make A Language that goes into more detail
This guy is a classic.
"There are three geodude over there...argh...what a terrible name"
"possible dog"
gotta be one of my favourite genders
Disappointed that the talk got bogged down in phonology, though I do understand that it's more important than a full grammar and lexicon if making a language for a movie. Clearly that's what the audience was into.
Yeah I'm pretty sure the audience would have loved to follow along with other parts as well if mr peterson had the time, but due to constraints, the phonology taking a long time is what ended up squishing the rest way down.
It feels like the audience was a mixed bag. Some were geeking out majorly on linguistic distinctions, others seemed like laypersons, others felt like just fans of his work. Guess it depends what each wanted from the talk.
Do you know of any content similar to this that maybe goes into more detail?
@@MarimbaMaurice I'm a year late, but check out How to Make a Language by Biblaridion
"The fewest number of vowels that you can have in a language is two, as far as we know." Challenge accepted.
Those with one vowels are artlangs
This is as interesting as it is cool
There was a legit "green ideas dream furiously" moment about halfway through, talking about nonphysical pronouns.
The phrase is "colorless green ideas sleep furiously"
You could totally have a meaningful pronoun for non-physical things. Like if English used ka for non-physical things you'd see "this is UA-cam, ka is a website"I."
It's not really a "colorless green ideas sleep furiously" thing. Colorlessness is incompatible with greenness. Non-physical pronouns are just really weird.
Why? Nonphysical pronouns make perfect sense, even if they would only be used in very specific cases.
For instance, in the phrase, "God, I ask you to guide me through these difficult times", I would expect the "you" to be nonphysical, since it's referring to god, a nonphysical entity.
In a story about ghosts, anyone referring to a ghost by he/she would probably use the nonphysical version of the pronouns. Or maybe even real people talking about fictional characters from a book or movie would use the nonphysical pronouns for them. So someone writing a review of Harry Potter might use nonphysical "he" to refer to the titular character.
There might be other uses to this kind of pronoun, but I can't think of any.
@@QuotePilgrim maybe its presence implies that native speakers are more likely to go out of their way to use it; stuff like "gravity, thou art a heartless bitch" as a common method of swearing, or something.
@@QuotePilgrimWhat if the god is an idol? A statue is physical. Would different types of gods be classed differently?
I'm excited to hear he worked on the upcoming Dune film. I'd love to see the fonts for that released. A book on the languages made for the film might be good. Years ago, there was a big Dune Encyclopedia that went into fan-made conlangs and nearly every other detail of the fan-base and Dune book lore. It had something on a Fremen script derived from a very simplified and modified Arabic, and a very modified version of English, which I think they used for Galach. Not sure if David knew about that resource., But it will sure be interesting to hear and see what he came up with for the new film. (The font in the one photo looks very neat.)
I love how similar to some other languages the word for "remember" came up. Māti ("to know") sounds like the ancient Greek root μαθ- (math-), from which we have words such as "to learn", "knowledge" and "mathematics". While mamáti (to remember) sounds like Latin "memento" (future imperative of "remember"). I wonder if the person who suggested it took inspiration from it :)
30:31
ofcourse we do dual commands in arabic, it's not just about nouns, also verbs could be talking about exaclly two people
eshrab اشرب (one)
eshraba اشربا (two)
eshrabo اشربوا (plural)
This was absolutely fascinating, thank you so much for posting it!
25:07 Did he just give a shout-out to Artifexian?
possibly
@@zkingsalsa possibly dog, you might say
@@Cattzar yes
Took a workshop with this person at a world building conference and it was one of the most fun and intellectually stimulating activities I've done in a conference. Delightful. Geek out on basic linguistics.
Peterson is becoming bigger than the others before him(Tolkein, Okrand, and Vrommer). I wonder if he and Okrand should form a committee with special UA-cam conlangers to reinvent the Atlantean language for the upcoming live-action remake of Disney's Atlantis: The Lost Empire.
That's a thing? Because... I'm currently designing a conlang called A`tla to serve as the Atlantean language in a project I'm working on.
Nobody will ever create such euphonetic languages as Tolkien.
@@JTDimino All conlangers are implicitly either commenting upon, responding to, or living in the shadow of, Tolkien.
How's that for a bold claim?
@@JTDimino I agree its unrealistic, as given 1000 years someone will eventually out do Tolkien. But to say Peterson is close to Tolkien is laughable, Tolkien created 9 fully functional languages, in a time before the IPA and access to information about other languages from around the world was readily available and linguistics as fleshed out and heavily researched as it is in the modern era. He created actual writing systems for these languages to, where as the vast majority of the languages Peterson has created don't need or require a writing system, and he did all of this while living through the 2 greatest and most devastating wars humanity has ever seen.
@@JTDimino Of course it does, Tolkien had to waste time looking for information in books, and if those books weren't available you just didn't get that information, if he had the luxuries of modern conlangers he would of been able to far exceed what he already did, which to this day still outdoes a lot of modern conlangers
21:55 - Polish has examples of stop+nasal combinations, as in dni, meaning "days", or the Russian equivalent дни.
Swedish has them too, like vattna "to water"
Don’t forget the worst word for me, a non native Russian speaker to pronounce «для» a fricative followed by an l is so hard to pronounce
@@eagle0710 dunno, dlya seems pretty easy to pronouce for me
Norwegian too… "lodne katter" (furry cats). A dialect (ryfylke) does it all the time, "jædna" (gladly).
Gives a talk at Google
Uses Apple's version of emoji
He too likes to live dangerously
To troll this guy, make every choice as if you're re-inventing English
He'd notice as soon as you put in /ɹ/ (that's the IPA symbol for the English r sound, which is pretty rare in other languages)
@@columbus8myhw No, he'd notice once you put a "th" sound in, because that's way rarer than any of the English varieties of R.
@@thewanderingmistnull2451 both forms of “th” are rare? Voiced and unvoiced?
@@SnackMuay Yeah, they aren’t very common.
@@thewanderingmistnull2451 he would probably recognise when both are in the same chart
well I tought I would get some fine tips fro getting somewhere faster when creating a language but its pretty much just him applying years of knlowlege as if it was the simplest thing ever. it was pretty fun watching tho
This man just pronounced Iraq better than he should 😂😂😂😂
21:50 what about words like Ancient Greek pteron? Or kp co-articulated consonants?
interestingly in my country's - brazil - sign language we use "cats i love"
I would say similar for UK's BSL, though OSV and OVS (like in the talk) are more natural. Perhaps even dropping the subject 'I' if it's obvious from context.
For number may I suggesst "heap" and "not heap". This would not refer to something that can be counted but to how something appears.
Love conlang
I wonder if they really did go for present and gnomic tense, or for no tenses at all. What about aspect and mood/modality?
Expected something like Grow a language by Guy Steele
Danish has [Œ]. Is there any vowel Danish doesn't use?
Mamati means to believe in Ilocano, a Filipino language
*31:30* I'm pretty sure Te reo Māori does this, where you say
Tēnā koe Hello to 1 person
Tēnā kōrua Hello to 2 people
Tēnā koutou Hello to 3+
sounds better than any conlang ive ever made lmao💀💀
Still, you made them. Good job!
@@TheInterestingInformer tbh i've barely made anything so i don't know why i even commented that ha
@@chao3948 one day imma make one 😁
@@TheInterestingInformer you won't regret it
"This here" to assist you is a Jamboard
"This hand is inalienably possessed." -- My mind went to: "This hand is possessed by a human ghost." So if it's "alienable possession" it's an alien ghost! Hahaha. Of course, that's not what alienable / inalienable possession means, but hey, my mind went there. :D And I'm pretty sure there's a very bad old movie and a somewhat better Doctor Who arc where we get hands crawling around on their own. Oh, and then there's Thing from the Addams Family, where the hand is not possessed, but its own living creature, but it (apparently) can't speak, it uses, er, hand language, signs or charades or gestures. Hmm.... What can I say, it's been a long week. Possibly this quarantine social distancing life as a hermit thing is getting to me....
Oh yeah , did the crawling eyeball come before or after the crawling hand? And wasn't there a b/w first version of the blob?
“Only 3rd”😂 imagine
"he did it" * points to self *
11:24 The austrian and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern-Dialekt of German have the [ɶ] sound, e.g. the words "Seil" (AU) and "sæven" (M-V)
A lot of Swedish dialects also have ɶ. As a native speaker with that vowel, I got kinda triggered lol
@@ilc_o_O I think that he was talking about laguages having that vowel as a full-fledged phoneme, not just an allophone or a local realization of a different vowel without phonemic distinction.
I guess the syllable structure is (C)V.
for fun I translated "Please remember to wash your hands with warm water" in Vadan and honestly it's quite simple. "Snala Šožomina ghklemšagha wata banav"
what's vadan? is it at all based on swedish? (recognised the 'please') otherwise it seems slavic tho
How do you spell the sentence you created?
47:50 to be clear, Russian does have words for arm, palm, wrist, elbows, and whatever else. It just use an "arm" as a blanket term. Because there's no room for interpretation in cases like "hands up" or "hands off". (Yes, all of your arm, no you are not allowed to leave your wrists where they are). When you are visiting a doctor, otoh.
Although they exist, Russian speakers never use them. It's always ruka, noga. The word "kist", if they ever use it, will mean an artists brush rather than a hand.
@@adamclark1972uk sure, that's exactly what I mean to say =)
We use blank term unless specifics are required.
Plosives after plosives are probrably possible because plosives are similar to each other and plateaus are a consonant followed by a similar consonant, like plosive followed by plosive
INteresting.
Because it was Google I assumed this was going to be a programming language. Not what I clicked for, but this is cool too.
There is computer conlangs for programming and there is spoken language and written language like language invention can build a culture and influence world building
for number, could you have singular, trial, and plural if you just treat pairs as singular objests
11:30
i think Danish has that sound, and it's actually extremely common!
if a verb is indefinite, it ends with that symbol
if a noun is plural, it most often ends with that
(if that is the correct sound, that is)
would love to get some feedback on this!
As far as I know, Danish uses that symbol to denote sounds that are not exactly what that same symbol stands for in the IPA, for example [œ], which is an open-mid front rounded vowel and not a fully open one. But [ɶ] should occur in Danish as an allophone.
@@mattiacarvetta hmmm it may be an allophone, I'm gonna try to think of a minimal pair :)
@@axospyeyes281 It'd be awesome!
@@mattiacarvetta ok so I found a minimal pair between œ and ɶɐ̯
bøn /bœnˀ/
børn /bɶɐ̯nˀ/
I don't think there are any with the non-diphthong version tho
@@axospyeyes281 Oh nice catch! But I think that technically speaking that doesn't count as a true minimal pair. What's going on here is that probably the [ɐ̯] part of the diphthong is lowering a possible [œ] to [ɶ]. But do you know what Danish people would think if one would pronounce børn as [bœɐ̯nˀ]? So, with a wrong diphthong?
You said click languages have at least three clicks, but Sesotho only has one: the post-alveolar click. (Well, there's three varieties - glottalized, aspirated, and nasal - but they're all post-alveolar.)
He didn’t say that. He said “minimum three” and “it might be two -I’m going to have to check on that” so he’s unsure but he definitely said no language only has one isolated click sound
@@MsLaBajo Yes but this language has only one
@@columbus8myhw That doesn't count as one, because there's phonemic distinction between the three, so that makes a total of three distinct click consonant sounds. As an aside, Sesotho speakers also make use of dental clicks as allophones.
4:32 Native English speaker here, but I tend to pronounce ng as themselves rather than as the velar nasal, so literally just sin-g for sing. I feel like now I've been speaking improper English all my life haha
same, i think. i jsut make a really small G noise- actually... i think the noise i make is the Palatal Nasal (ɲ). its like N but G but N ?? its not N because my tongue moves back, but its not G because its not .. g. if its not that, i have no idea what it is.
Án tit bra et elha nanguet gji u ih án hyazj un fa'
kmånen u kmåmen
IPA: a:n tit bra: et elha nangwet ghi u: i: a:n ha:ž
Un fa' kmo:nen u: kmo:nen
English: i did create my own language and yes
I need to work more and more (on it)
It's mix between my native language (arabic)
And hebrew (my third language )
And other European languages such as Dutch and swedish and Esperanto
And I'm also working on understanding the Chinese tones so i can add them later 🙂
cool
Nice man, how's it going?
d'you do it just for fun ?
No, I cannot do a rolled R. Never have despite much trying and training.
Oddly enough, in many European languages (well, English and French do that, and probably most romance languages), politeness in verbs is basically the second or first person conditional and subjunctive, a tense that marks possibility, and therefore, choice.
11:41 is that Elias Thoufexis from the Expanse at the mic? Souds pretty similar 😂
I don't think it counts as a gender, but in french there is the alienable/non-alienable distinction for possession sometimes, so instead of « lavez-vous tes mains » (wash your hands) it's « lavez-vous les mains » (wash the hands). I never thought of it that way though
Funny, I thought of this exact same example as well!
Did he say, Count sheep on your feet and divide by 4...? Someone with triphalangy looking for someone with polydactyly? 12÷3=4?
26:35 Did he mention a "serpentine" grammatical number? I wanna look it up but can't find it, can someone please help?
No, he's not talking about grammatical number there, just the vote itself. A 'serpentine' vote means getting everyone to individually say what their vote is. What he's been doing instead - just glancing at the crowd and seeing which option seems to have more votes - is much faster but less precise, so it doesn't work in a situation like this where there's no clear winner. That's why he jokes about counting people quickly like sheep, then decides to overrule the vote because he doesn't have time to figure out which option won (which he could have done by holding a serpentine).
The Swedish language has the letter "Ö" which is the front vowel sound Mr. Peterson imitates at 11:14. The letter Ö is also one of our shortest words: "En ö" = "An Island", the same goes with our letter "Å" which sort of corresponds to the "O" sound in the beginning of the english word "ordinary" but stressed for more lenght; "En å" = "A river".
reallykek wait so question: is "en" kind of like the English word "an" in that they acquire "n" before vowels? It would be a cool connection lol
@@spegnagmaglorious3590 So this is the most complicated and illogical part of swedish grammar for learners to grasp. And the most difficult to explain... The swedish equivalent of "a, an", the indefinite article is "en, ett" and was based on the word gender classes of old germanic language tradition; masculinum, femininum and reale.
So.. That changed at somepoint and for some reason and we now use Utrum, (from Latin, Uter - "one of two"), and Neutrum (from Latin, Neuter -"none of two")
Okay, I'm not gonna attempt to get this right...
LONG STORY SHORT: No, it's not the same, and not as easy as in English! We use En, Ett because of old traditions of creating words with attatched gender labels. The Utrum is the masculinum, and Neutrum is the other one. For example: "en kung, kungen" = "A king, the king" - here we see the masculine gender prefix "(e)n" in front of Kung, since kings can only be masculine. But we see "en" as a suffix as well in the definitie article "kungen", adding the masculine gender suffix as a prefix instead. In contrast: the Neutrum "(e)t" in this example "Ett Äpple, Äpplet =An Apple, The Apple" use both the prefix and suffix (e)t and becomes ett, or (e)t.
IN CONCLUSION! Take this with a grain of salt, but most of it is correct-ish, but can be explained better and differently!
We don't teach this to our students.. We teach them to learn which words use what prefix or suffix, and how it works in a clause - not the illogical rules behind it! =)
reallykek wowowowow
OK wow
Thank you though like wow
@@spegnagmaglorious3590 No worries! I was bored ;)
I like the whiteboard
I likeit
Dude...his voice changed a lot😁😁😁he used to have a slim voice
he sounds like he might have a cold here
@@ko-lq7vuWhich is why he reminds people to please wash their hands with warm water.
What if inalienable possession was only used with nonphysical items?
Like possessing a copyright on something? The copyright itself is not a physical object
@@PyrusFlameborn No, like rights or a mind
I'm trying to come up with my own language. What about titless like king, queen, etc.?
This is a really funny typo. 😂
@@MsLaBajo lol, a titless queen.
Not all conlangs (made up language) are for movies or TV like Esperanto for exsample
I've finally found someone that I have better handwriting than.
Wow
11:25 many dialects of swedish got that sound
And that's how Korean was born.
@Greg Jacques Lucifer's Jizz Gargler the language foo!
I don't understand...
@@blerst7066 One of the emperor reinvented the Korean Language to be its own thing separate from Chinese
@@JNC7 You got a lot of things wrong:
1. He was a KING, not an emperor.
2. He invented the Korean ALPHABET, not the language. Before the Korean alphabet, it was written using various methods, the oldest dating back to the 6th~7th century.
@@blerst7066 exactly! And he invented this alphabet so that everyone in the country could learn it because only scholars could read and write Korean with Chinese characters fluently at the time.
11:27 swedes:are we a joke to you?
7:02 no high-five for you :P
Wait the OE Digraph does exist in natural language... ɶ does occur in Swedish. I can say it with extreme ease due to being Swedish. However it's cheating being Swedish because I don't think there exist a vowel sound that isn't in Swedish or a dialect of it. I say ɶ Rɶv when I want to say ass. I don't use œ sound unless I'm just going œ: for an hour or so as I think about something... kind of like English people going umm..
Sure Swedish don't really distinguish them in speech but œ and ɶ are different enough. Someone please go complain at his UA-cam...
Indeed those two vowels tend to be allophones in some scandinavian languages.
25:50 I didn't understand well what was going on with number and no number, what does it mean?
Well, "no number" simply means that there is no direct way of seeing the number of a noun.
So let’s say "moya" means cat in a language with no number. Then "moya" could either mean "a cat", or "two cats" or "many cats" - it just isn’t specified. Some major languages, like Chinese if I’m not mistaken, function this way. And in these cases, the only way of knowing the precise number of cats, is either inferred by context, or your language has some other detached way of identifying it.
@@deithlan Oooh yeah I got you, thx for clearing it :)))
9:25 that's quite the click!
inga sonds like ringa from te reo
ringa means hands ringaringa is hands
Mr. Peterson, at 2:02 you said: "that form could take various routes." Since you are an accomplished linguist, I had assumed that you would've used the unambiguous pronunciation of "routes" (/rauts/). Instead, you said /ruts/. So it sounded like "roots". Great video 👍
Ambiguity is more fun
The dialect of English that a person speaks has nothing to do with how accomplished a linguist they are.
Having said that, a linguist might be more likely to know that the word route comes from French, in which the vowel is an /u/.
I do wonder how some Americans ended up pronouncing "route" as /raut/. It doesn't seem to be part of a systematic shift in vowel sounds. I imagine it likely started as just some uneducated person who read it off the page and didn't know how to pronounce it properly.
@@omp199 I didn't say anything about dialect. And I didn't say anything about what makes someone an accomplished linguist. While I 100% agree with your first statement, I failed to see what it has to do with my comment---until I realized that in your experience, /rut/ and /raut/ are dialectical differences. See, in my experience near Chicago (such as it is), these 2 pronunciations are completely interchangeable. I know someone from Wisconsin who agrees with me on that. I've often heard people say /rut/ when following it with a number, then say /raut/ in the next sentence when it's NOT followed by a number.
You're on to something. Look at the English word "couch" which comes from the French "couche", "blouse" from "blouse", "gouge" from the tool called "gouge" in French; same thing with the bird called "grouse", and the lesser known "rout" from "route" or "déroute". Finally "joust" vs "joute". Yes, I know I'm using the modern spellings, even though the words have gone through metamorphoses in both languages. My point is, in each of those examples the "ou" is /au/ in English, but is /u/ in its French cognate. So I think these could be examples of the phenomenon that you're describing. Although I suspect it had just as much to do with convenience and apathy as it had to do with lack of education.
You /can/ kid a car if the car is Kitt.
11:32 well thats weird because you have it in Dutch and French . For example in French : sœur. And for example in Dutch: zus. Haha it means the same
The vowel French has is /œ/, not /ɶ/, which is the one he was trying to pronounce.
The Dutch have an ''uuuhh''
40:00 why does it have to be strict? You could do it like in german where the only rule is verb at the second place. So you can say I love cats - cats love I
Or maybe just don't have a word order at all so all are allowed
You could say this in german
but really nobody would
@@ducking... well yes in particular case "I love cat" = "Ich liebe die Katze" is preferred but what I wanted to say is that you don't need a set in stone word order.
Didnt mean to correct you,
Just a german with an aversion for cats xD
I'm surprised that David didn't mentioned that some languages allow you to diverge from it's basic order. For example, Russian has SVO order in general, though you can use a different order, dependin on whether you make a statement or answer a specific question, and which question exactly it is. So like in German, in Russian you can say "cats love I" (as in "I do love cats") or "cats I love" as an answer to "you do love dogs, but what about cats?", and so on.
OSV is practically none-existant.
Me, who has had the 'Murder, She Wrote' theme as an earworm since Saturday: . . .
Me po mákid a cónstructídoid léng ov mér un. Eí po bolid Skáiléng. - Skáiléng
I made a constructed language of my own. It's called Skáiléng (sky language) - English
----
I was inspired by TRIGEDASLENG FROM *THE 100*
--
Skáiléng follows the grammar rules mostly the same as English except b4 every verb there has to be a "po" to identify it as a verb.
11:12 Sounds just like some old man in a remote mountain village of Norway
I just don't get why they make the rolled r sound so long
Americans haha
Never seen him do anything except list off all his achievements and give general advice.
11:11 Swedish does
I find it interest he used quatre instead of the english centre/center
21:55 Russian dude in the audience, "мда, ну и дно, днее дна не видал"
At 12 mins the sound he said no Languige has litteraly means Island in Swedish
Isn’t that ö? I think the IPA for that is /ø/
Linear B has a letter for /pte/, it's not entirely impossible.
I think he was referring to word-initial geminated stops.
@@mattiacarvetta so... like /p:e/?
@@KerbalHub Exactly, but someone has pointed out to me that those exist too! Natural languages are weird and awesome!
Have you ever met a native speaker of Linear B who may be able to confirm that?
@@Ggdivhjkjl Linear B is Greek. The /pte/ syllable is found in the word "kleptein."
Did anyone else hear Hank/John Green ask a question?
No, when?
@@Mortyst At 13:04 when someone suggests "long and short variants on vowels" it kinda sounded like them.
Gem'retawa quaskla tien pelgas ten'croynat qua.
39:38 David Peterson explains SVO:
Russians (and completely all other slavic language native speakers): *HOLD MY VODKA*
and here i thought w were going to be making a new programming language from the title of the video
11:55 any person who sounds like that guy is automatically bryan dechart
he says no language uses 'oe' but french does, in "oeuf" sounds exactly like the noise he makes
The vowel French has is /œ/, not /ɶ/, which is the one he was trying to pronounce.
Swedish removing ”ö” because the ipa doesn’t think any language has it: ☹️☹️☹️
/ɶ/ is an allophone of /œ/
@@PlatinumAltaria whats an allophone
@@sprigslashvital291 Sometimes sounds are pronounced differently, for example in English the /l/ sound is often velarised to /ɫ/ at the ends of words; you can feel the difference if you say "lol". They're not separate sounds though, just versions of /l/
/q/ is /k/ but better
/k/ is beta, /q/ is sigma
What about bi-alienable (both mine and yours)???
Very interesting system for a conlang. It'd be interesting to know how the conculture works. Though I think there's no such distinction in natural languages.