Cyclopean Spain | Who Built the Megalithic City of Tarragona? | Megalithomania

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  • Опубліковано 28 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 195

  • @wendysalter
    @wendysalter Рік тому +9

    No apologies for saying this megalithic foundation is AWESOME!
    Great find once again, thanks team Megalithamania.

  • @AncientHistoryCriticisms
    @AncientHistoryCriticisms Рік тому +42

    There are pinch holes in both the cyclopean and the ashlar elements. The beveled ashlars are not "Roman". They are all over the ancient world, from the Jerwan Aqueduct in Iraq, to Egypt, to Hadrian's wall in North Umbria.. Even into Peru. The beveled ashlars are advanced. Look at the holes in the ashlars. Then look at Castle Flekenstein or Nimrod's Fortress. Baalbek and Temple Mount have beveled ashlars, they're everywhere. The entire site is advanced, and is similar to others nearby.

  • @aaronchambers9888
    @aaronchambers9888 Рік тому +4

    I love your videos! Lots of footage and you casually comment while filming. Refreshing . I've never seen a lot of the sites you explore.

  • @fernandez3841
    @fernandez3841 Рік тому +10

    Thank you so much Hugh, for showing the history of our country 🇪🇸

  • @JohnBrown-cn2qz
    @JohnBrown-cn2qz Рік тому +14

    I don't mind you continuously remarking about the huge stones. I like watching this. These walls are a little crude but definitely polygonal. Right when you mentioned Gary Biltcliffe, I was thinking about the Pelasgians. They were a mythical race that survived the flood. Pelasgi - Titans - Homer said they were a maritime civilization, discovered sea routes, built cities all over, used polygonal stone construction and they predated the Etruscans.

  • @Msax50
    @Msax50 4 місяці тому +1

    Thank you for this. Tarragona is now my home. Beautiful place 😎

  • @ocker2000
    @ocker2000 9 місяців тому +1

    I have visited Taragona long ago and saw the roman amfitheater, but I totally missed these walls in my memory. Thank you for pointing these out. Incredible works! Taragona is a lot more important than I thought.

  • @jeffsmith50001
    @jeffsmith50001 Рік тому +1

    Wow that was a real treat. Those buggers were everywhere. And close to the tapas and grilled sardines bars. You and JJ have the life of Riely and so you both should. Thank you..

  • @Edodod
    @Edodod Рік тому +10

    Tarragona used to be the capital city of a Roman Province.
    In the Medieval age, it got eclipsed in importance by Barcelona.
    This however, is precisely why Tarragona has more preserved some of those ancient cites, whereas in Barcelona, there is more "built over" ancient sites.

  • @sincerewyd2285
    @sincerewyd2285 Рік тому +4

    So stunning! & Yes, it does seem that those megalithic boulders keep running underground. I'm j Also, it looks like a star fort, in and around that area, too.

  • @AncientHistoryCriticisms
    @AncientHistoryCriticisms Рік тому +3

    Thank you as always Hugh.

  • @StephanieSmith-e9k
    @StephanieSmith-e9k 9 місяців тому +1

    Love these videos ❤❤❤

  • @markmcarthy596
    @markmcarthy596 Рік тому +15

    It’s astounding at how similar the sites are to what I’m “re”discovering here in Missouri. Especially the ancient volcanic/granitic zone which I believe predates most European sites

    • @russelmurray9268
      @russelmurray9268 Рік тому +3

      You know of megalithic building in the US. Missouri you say. Where

    • @wout123100
      @wout123100 7 місяців тому

      and most of these are simply natural, what you need is a course on geology

  • @davidlancaster8152
    @davidlancaster8152 Рік тому +3

    You find the most amazing locations. Thanks for all you do Hugh and crew. Appreciate all that you share. Lvya all much

  • @mr.k5865
    @mr.k5865 Рік тому +6

    Wow, amazing! I have to say that many of the stones immediately above the Cyclopian layers are surely often not Roman either. They are much older. I've see their very specific construction style in countless places elsewhere...such as in ancient Egypt and in more places in Turkey than I can list (Laodikeia, Mnera .....). We're looking at a vast tapestry of times and cultures. Keep up the great work!

  • @solardisk3
    @solardisk3 Рік тому +7

    I'm a Megalithomaniac and I'm ok with that.

  • @MrMarvell
    @MrMarvell Рік тому +3

    Wow never heard of this place, my Dad lives in Barcelona so might have to have a little day trip there next time im in Barca.

  • @toddjohnson5866
    @toddjohnson5866 Рік тому +2

    Very insightful video and another example of how these truly ancient sites we added to by later civilizations in various stages.

  • @davidchurch3472
    @davidchurch3472 Рік тому +6

    Wow, Hugh! this is amazing. I am not sure those biggest blocks are 'rough-hewn' as you say though. Yes, there are appears to be ancient in-filling between the blocks, but I think, despite the worn appearance, that the in-filling is later, not original, and yet still ancient. The larger blocks appear to have the polygonal meetings with adjacent blocks, but with odd blocks that are severely eroded, in some places only odd 'good' blocks remain amongst mostly severely eroded ones. I believe what we are looking at here is very severe erosion causing an appearance of being rough-hewn. Now, I realise that this implies a very much longer period of erosion after construction than one might expect for something built by the romans in 200 BC ! Indeed, in places it looks to me like there are areas with pre-roman style repairs which are also very badly weathered, underneath roman-style (and therefore much later) repairs. I think the reason for the megalithic blocks appearing to be put back high up on top of roman masonry in antiquity are actually areas where the face of the wall has deteriorated such that romans have put a facing-stone layer into a gap in the face of the wall, whilst the original wall was still standing structurally intact but with a very rough surface. This degree of erosion probably indicates a very much greater antiquity to the original. Some of the effects even appear as if they have been underwater for a long period - maybe it was part of the port sea-wall once upon a time? Parts of UK have raised beaches visible 40 feet up our cliffs, and even 5 miles inland now, around Snowdonia and Glamorgan/Pembrokeshire.

  • @jimmime
    @jimmime Рік тому +3

    Thank you, Hugh, and JJ. Those were some very megalithic stones!

  • @markwalsh2001
    @markwalsh2001 7 місяців тому

    Fascinating and enlightening video, absolutely chuffed that I came accross this excellent report from Tarragona. I have lived here for 25 years and have visited the walls hundreds of times and have always been told that that the large blocks at the base of the walls were built by the Romans but it didn't seem to fit as all the Roman architecture I have seen through the Med has been built with blocks shaped to fit and all very uniform but the large base rocks here are all rough hewn and not all fitted. Thank you for revealing the truth and make the city even more fascintaing and interesting than it already is.

  • @wadeparker8695
    @wadeparker8695 7 місяців тому

    We look at it in amazement. They looked at it like it was nothing, for them it was easy or they wouldn’t of done it. Thanks guys

  • @deborahdanhauer8525
    @deborahdanhauer8525 Рік тому +11

    I wish I knew what was behind those underground doorways. There could be an entire hidden city under there.❤️🐝🤗

    • @guillermolledowolkowicz7085
      @guillermolledowolkowicz7085 Рік тому

      And that's why Tarragona has the most expensive underground parkings 😂. They spend decades on each one to carefuly save all the roman findings and making space inside the parking to show all the walls they come across in there.

  • @othala7540
    @othala7540 Рік тому +2

    Good work as always

  • @sigliumantiqua.1002
    @sigliumantiqua.1002 Рік тому +1

    Amazing. Those blocks are dry stone walling on a grand scale and they are still supporting massive ,roman or medieval walls. They look mostly as if they have been dumped but obviously a great deal of thought went into the placing of the stone. Thanks .

  • @butterfliesandtape
    @butterfliesandtape 7 місяців тому

    Thanks for taking me on a very informstive tour of Tarragona. Ive lived here for newely ten years and never spotted the obviously very un-Roman blockeork below the roman ealls. Cherts!

    • @ZinziMaya
      @ZinziMaya 3 місяці тому

      I live in Cambrils so spend some time in Tarragona and never really noticed either haha.

  • @jamesn.economou9922
    @jamesn.economou9922 8 днів тому

    This place is great! While I am fascinated with the older, larger stones, I am also taken aback, by the amount of erosion, on the "Roman" additions. I am super excited about the makers mark, or whatever it is, carved in relief, on the Roman block, near the bottom of that addition. I really hope, I can find a similar symbol to compare it with. Thank You, Hugh!

  • @PAULINES-hr1ru
    @PAULINES-hr1ru 7 місяців тому

    I love watching this vid😄Hugh’s enthusiasm is just fabulous 👏

  • @pragma5282
    @pragma5282 Рік тому +3

    Tarraco was the capital of Hispania for 2 centuries, and was already a vibrant city state centuries before the romans. The Pheniciae were the possible founders, but we know it was under Carthage rule by the second punic war. It's probbably one of the oldest examples of mediterranean city state in the western part of the mediterranean.

  • @Downsize1940
    @Downsize1940 6 місяців тому

    Well done man. I live in Barcelona and was unaware of all this

  • @SiliconMolybdenumNitrogen
    @SiliconMolybdenumNitrogen Рік тому

    Great video and a beautiful looking city and those lower blocks are mind boggling!

  • @aranciataesagerata2506
    @aranciataesagerata2506 Рік тому +5

    The main Spanish Bronze Age Culture is called Argar and it’s located to the southeast of the Country. When you discover it, you’ll be impressed. Regarding megalithic structures, Spain is full of them, mainly in the North, West and Southwest. Also in Portugal. The neolithic, calcolithic and Bronze Age culture of the populations inhabiting these areas is Atlantic, the same as in the British Islands and North France. Main Calcolithic remains are in South Spain near Seville and Southeast. They are astonishing!

  • @janmalone8641
    @janmalone8641 Рік тому +1

    Great job ! Love it. Wish I could be there myself.

  • @ZinziMaya
    @ZinziMaya 3 місяці тому +1

    Oh this is interesting. I live in the Tarragona province but I don’t really spend a lot of time in Tarragona itself so I’ve never really taken a closer look at the older blocks.

  • @MelodicMethod
    @MelodicMethod Рік тому

    Thank you for the tour

  • @elizabethdiane6791
    @elizabethdiane6791 Рік тому

    Thanks for sharing! Fascinating how weathered the lower levels are. Of course they're damaged and repurposed as well, amazing sizes

  • @MichaelMartinussen
    @MichaelMartinussen Рік тому +6

    I saw a similar one in Mallorca :) There's definitely a connection between The Mediterranean cultures i.e ... Around the area now called Catalunya :)

    • @Edodod
      @Edodod Рік тому +1

      Best way to travel back then was by boat.
      And From Tarragona, it's not that far to the Baleares, and then to Sardinia, and then to Italy, Malta, Greece..

    • @MichaelMartinussen
      @MichaelMartinussen Рік тому +1

      I agree , thank you for commenting :) @@Edodod

    • @rayerscarpensael2300
      @rayerscarpensael2300 Рік тому

      Yep is was called the roman empire

    • @MichaelMartinussen
      @MichaelMartinussen Рік тому

      Nope ... They were not into this particular type of Megalithic blocks...@@rayerscarpensael2300

  • @paleosetimagazine7481
    @paleosetimagazine7481 Рік тому +2

    Very interesting! Thanks!

  • @igordrakulovic6857
    @igordrakulovic6857 Рік тому

    Wow ! Wish i knew about this when i was there 20 years ago .. Thanks !

  • @amanitamuscaria7500
    @amanitamuscaria7500 Рік тому

    beautiful...thanks for showing us.

  • @levarris14
    @levarris14 Рік тому +1

    fascinating ! Those Stones were under water for a long, long time ! as you can easily see the outwashed holes and ripples everywhere ! This is a VERY OLD structure of times long before the great flood ! As you mentioned, those structures are everywhere in the mediterrean countries, the roman and the greek civilisations used them as a foundation for their own buildings.

  • @thp3free71
    @thp3free71 Рік тому +6

    I love the curiosity and detailed approach Hugh takes in all his videos. Speculation is easy, hard answers are scarce. One way these megalith builders may have worked could have been casting their blocks in molds, not cement, Geopolymer. Has Hugh ever looked into the work of Professor Davidovits of the Geopolymer Institute? He has done lots of work on the ancients use of geopolymers in Egypt, Roman Empire, South America. He says you cannot dismiss the geopolymer possibility unless you've taken electron microscopic images to analyze the molecular structure. He has recreated limestone with this polymerization process, to show how it might have been done in Egypt, with materials all locally available on the Giza plateau. His papers also show where South American ancients could have sourced polymers for Tiwanaku. If Hugh were to collect tiny chips or fragments from sites in question and get high power images to allow open analysis, he might be able to put this question to rest one way or the other. I may not be that he could ever obtain official sanction or have provable provenance for any such sampling, but what if...? Thank you Hugh for sharing your journey of discovery with all of us.

    • @susannebrunberg4174
      @susannebrunberg4174 9 місяців тому

      There has never been any research about granite, which is used a lot for example in Egypt. You can't "fix" granite in that simplified manner

  • @jdcjr50
    @jdcjr50 Рік тому +1

    Thank you so much that was a lot of work you must have been walking on air.

  • @Super-lucky-7777
    @Super-lucky-7777 Рік тому

    Also Thank you loved the tour

  • @jamesmiller3791
    @jamesmiller3791 Рік тому

    This was the first megalithic blocks I’d ever seen in 2002 started my interest in megalithic structures

  • @alpha7B5
    @alpha7B5 Рік тому +2

    Phoenicians and/or their predecessors were my first thought long before you mentioned them, Hugh! I think it’s quite obvious, the style and everything. The location there also seems to be adequately strategical. The constructions look very similar to those in Byblos (e.g. attention around the mark 20:30), Lebanon, only for one example….

  • @margitaholm3597
    @margitaholm3597 Рік тому +1

    Visit Croatia with beautiful megalitic structures as Varvaria, Aseria, Daorson etc...

  • @TheTimeDetective42
    @TheTimeDetective42 Рік тому +1

    Great work mate!

  • @blu-geneholt5138
    @blu-geneholt5138 Рік тому

    great work , brilliant investigation

  • @adriancarter825
    @adriancarter825 Рік тому

    Great video Hugh thank you

  • @PabloRomero-sh3zn
    @PabloRomero-sh3zn Рік тому

    Incredible... the same pattern of building over older layers of ancient civilizations found in Cusco and Machu Picchu

  • @moranmike36
    @moranmike36 Рік тому +1

    Nice work. Thanks

  • @StressResponseAbility
    @StressResponseAbility 5 місяців тому

    Thank you! I didn't know of the megaliths and I live only an hour's drive away. Looks like I need to go check out these incredible boulders, thanks so much! I always thought Tarragona had something special, couldn't put my finger on it though. Always felt it was built on something else. I don't know if I grabbed that off of somebody who put the knowledge out there, or if I have my own intuition here, who knows. But awesome walk and work, Hugh!

  • @Love_rainy_days
    @Love_rainy_days Рік тому +2

    Very interesting Thanks for sharing, As they say in the X-files "The Truth is out there!" Cheers 🍺🍺🕵‍♂

  • @rosariomarques1
    @rosariomarques1 Рік тому +3

    So interesting. Have you been in Sardinia ? The Nuragic civilization was amazing .

    • @rosariomarques1
      @rosariomarques1 Рік тому

      ua-cam.com/video/TYQ3cI2J4aM/v-deo.html&ab_channel=MarijnPoels

  • @kennj321
    @kennj321 Рік тому +2

    I'm curious how megalithic construction was quarried. I suspect it was all downhill from the quarry site to the final location.

    • @RogueReplicant
      @RogueReplicant 7 місяців тому

      No. In Peru there is evidence of megaliths being placed 10 kms away from the quarry and had to be transported down a mountain, across a river and up another mountain.

  • @rogerscottcathey
    @rogerscottcathey Рік тому

    That corner block at 7:55 and 8:00 is interesting. So weathered smooth on the top, and fairly straight line demarcation of the lower section. I suppose when found only that top portion was exposed.

  • @steenhoffmann4259
    @steenhoffmann4259 9 місяців тому

    Great work.
    Greetings from Misery Bay
    Northern Denmark

  • @guillermolledowolkowicz7085
    @guillermolledowolkowicz7085 Рік тому +1

    8:45 that is not carved. This is how many rocks look in dried riverbeds (barrancs) around here. That one didn't have a lot of holes, when it has so many the calcaric rock is called "travertino". It is famous from Italy, but I preffer ours with really big round holes 😌.

  • @InFamousProductions
    @InFamousProductions Рік тому

    The weathering is insane. Reminds me of the Phoenician sea wall

  • @johndelong5574
    @johndelong5574 Рік тому +2

    The embossing employed, rather than engraving suggests the flood sediment was still soft.

  • @Durhamlad
    @Durhamlad Рік тому +3

    Obviously built to withstand extreme conditions and also the test of time

  • @lindasue8719
    @lindasue8719 10 місяців тому

    11:48 everyone likes to say ooh la la and wax rhapsodic over the Giza pyramids (myself included), but in the general consciousness, the question is, "how did they move them there big blocks?!" 😀 But 11:48, what the hell??! How is it that anyone with the tiniest bit of general interest is not having their minds exploded by work like this?? I guess because it's tragically just not widely shared and marveled at, and stays off the popular radar. Thank goodness for this channel ❤🙏🏼

  • @TheRealSabrinaDeep
    @TheRealSabrinaDeep 3 місяці тому

    I'm on my way to tarragona right now to write my driving exam. Pass these rocks all the time and never realized how old these were. V. Interesting

  • @cholst1
    @cholst1 4 місяці тому

    So at their display at 18:05 they show the wall as having tons of smaller bricks and refuse in the center. But then at 23:03 - we clearly see the center of the wall, And it has the same size blocks as the outside? Am I missing something here?

  • @nukhetyavuz
    @nukhetyavuz Рік тому +4

    all over the mediterranean,from turkey to spain...most probably it was the same culture...🙏

  • @oliviergermain350
    @oliviergermain350 Рік тому +1

    Excellent !

  • @carteunu467
    @carteunu467 Рік тому +2

    All through Europe there are traces of old civilizations.
    All Shoehorse bends and meander rivers, the Dolomites, the all mountains and hills are artificially made by even older civilisation of Giants.
    See Real Ancient History written in one word, extension Period COM for more information about the ruins of the Giants

  • @nusba
    @nusba 4 місяці тому

    First of all, you are right to point out that Tarragona does not pay much attention to its megalithic structures, as they are only briefly mentioned. The city is very focused on its Roman structures and history (which is considerable).
    That said, I would also like to comment that what you call the Tower of Minerva is actually the Archbishop's Tower. The Tower of Minerva is the last one you film before exiting the archaeological walk. If you look closely at the top of the tower, you will see (at 23:40) a stone relief of the goddess that is cut in half, the oldest preserved outside of Italy.
    Thank you very much for enjoying Tarragona.

  • @calgram
    @calgram Рік тому +1

    Amazing structure! I wonder about the geometric shapes carved into the walls at various spots in your video, like at the 12:55 minute point. Were they carved out to use as mounting holes for wood beams, for support or other purposes? It doesn't seem so, since there are different shapes, and arranged in a seemingly random way, nor are they very deep. I find that very puzzling.

  • @joyce2077
    @joyce2077 Рік тому

    Thank you 🎉

  • @igordrakulovic6857
    @igordrakulovic6857 Рік тому

    Why would anybody bother with that size way back then..when ever lol .. Just because they could ? Absolutely incredible !!

  • @Leo-yh4lx
    @Leo-yh4lx 3 місяці тому

    Strolling right at this moment in Tarragona. The rocks, particularly the bottom larger one, were very likely naturally embedded as part of the stone formation along the coast. Didn't move these stones but rather built on top of those that created a straight line.

    • @Leo-yh4lx
      @Leo-yh4lx 3 місяці тому

      Just got back from Turkey, Egypt and Greece and all this nonsense about 'this should not be here' is a bit too much. Same problems same solutions. From the Pacific to the Mediterranean, civilizations trademark buildings were all a testament of their greatness.

  • @Za7a7aZ
    @Za7a7aZ 7 місяців тому

    It would be interesting to hear what the architect has to say about incorporating these megaliths in the buildings

  • @AncientHistorySecrets
    @AncientHistorySecrets Рік тому

    Very cool 👌

  • @robsan52
    @robsan52 Рік тому

    Thank you Hugh! So strange to think of people moving blocks like that around...I'm not sold on the 'giants' idea but it looks like a peoples without backhoes, loaders, cranes etc. had to be huge to move them around to the extent they did. I mean they didn't just build a stonehenge type temple!
    Who did they build against?!!

  • @Igor719551
    @Igor719551 Рік тому

    Remarkable constructions! Who is the author?

  • @theomnisthour6400
    @theomnisthour6400 Рік тому

    Good example of the complexity of almost continuously occupied sites. Would be interesting to know if there are destruction layers, and what sort of evidence of cause.

  • @GreatWaterCircus
    @GreatWaterCircus Рік тому

    Brilliant... was it true north or magnetic north?

  • @taradeviwest9351
    @taradeviwest9351 Рік тому +4

    Hye, I'm wondering if you have anything new on the megalithic/pyramid of Gunung Padang ?
    I couldn't find any new archaeological stuff , tho I'm from this side of the world.
    Hoping you hv access to their Geologist team findings..
    Thank you.. 🙏🌋🌏

  • @mikedebell2242
    @mikedebell2242 9 місяців тому

    I wonder about these walls, where the ground level was when they were built. We could be up the wall a bit from when they were originally built.

  • @jednmorf
    @jednmorf 11 місяців тому

    Hi hugh wheres the place at 10.40.cheers

  • @Tony_TheAncientWorldReimagined

    This was a good one, 2 questions did the foundation use anything to keep the stones together 2. What was that paint significance?

  • @tuoppikake
    @tuoppikake Рік тому

    I would approve this as a set in a new Indiana Jones movie. Bring it on Mr. Ford!

  • @Hummmminify
    @Hummmminify Рік тому

    These huge stone constructions are seen all over the globe and makes me think more and more that there was a very ancient civilization that predates the “ Younger Dryas Epoch”. I think it was world wide and I think it came to an end with Abrupt Catastrophic Climate Change or a violent solar outburst or even an asteroid or comet event. Graham Hancock eludes to this in many of his presentations. I have really come to believe this. Keep up the good work. We need to know.

  • @TheSSoSS
    @TheSSoSS Рік тому

    reminds more of Nuragic Civ. as opposed to Pelasgian, judging by the finish of the cyclopian works

  • @ForbiddenHistoryLIVE
    @ForbiddenHistoryLIVE Рік тому +3

    THANK YOU

  • @psmart4948
    @psmart4948 Рік тому +3

    Do you think hydraulic systems existed when the Baalbek's were built or cave men with levers and ropes type stuff?

  • @Rombizio
    @Rombizio 3 місяці тому

    Wait...what is the exact location of those in Tarragona. Going there to check it out. I live 3 hours from there and never heard of it.

  • @theomnisthour6400
    @theomnisthour6400 Рік тому

    Any evidence of underwater continuation of the site?

  • @fennynough6962
    @fennynough6962 Рік тому +5

    Absolutely incredible, & like you say for Eons, we have been told that the Roman's built these, lol. So 100 TON LENTILS; 30 FOOT THICK STRUCTURE, 40 FEET TALL WALLS & ENDLESS LENGTH! 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♀️🤷460,000 Thousand years ago, [as no one since]; (has been capable): to repeatedly move these, Megolithic Megablocks.

    • @wbbartlett
      @wbbartlett 6 місяців тому

      Thought you'd like to know that tin foil hats are currently on sale

  • @Misses-Hippy
    @Misses-Hippy Рік тому

    Could it be, rather than a platform, it is a ceiling, with most of its structure underground?

  • @petrapetrakoliou8979
    @petrapetrakoliou8979 Рік тому

    impressive walls. What's the problem with them being Iberian/Roman? They do look like Archaic style wall construction in Antiquity.

  • @dobraydien7242
    @dobraydien7242 Рік тому

    Seeing how that was territory of Carthage. And the fact they used 🐘 for battle. It not hars to imagine they used them for construction too.

  • @juliansullivan102
    @juliansullivan102 7 місяців тому

    I imagine if you spoke to local construction companies you could get a deeper insight on methods used

  • @linsfruit5240
    @linsfruit5240 3 місяці тому

    Holes could have been a later
    / more recent addition?

  • @Cruithne68
    @Cruithne68 Рік тому

    I an spanish and I didnt't have any idea of these huge stones

  • @serenitywins
    @serenitywins 4 місяці тому

    Have a look at the costa brava...
    Or st marti sacal
    Tavertet
    Castellar del valles...
    Montserrat....

  • @boba2783
    @boba2783 Рік тому +1

    Phoenicians were there before the romans surely ? They controlled the silver mines?

  • @nuaapeerlink6746
    @nuaapeerlink6746 9 місяців тому

    This one is a cracker well done Hugh great work! Amazing how history just ignores this stuff.